We all know the saying from childhood: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits,” there is also a less popular version: “How once Jean the bell-ringer knocked down a lantern with his head.” Using the initial letters of these sayings, we remember the names and sequence of colors of such an unusual and beautiful natural phenomenon as a rainbow.

Humanity has associated the rainbow with many beliefs and legends. IN ancient greek mythology For example, a rainbow is the road along which the messenger walked between the world of the gods and the world of people, Iris. The ancient Slavs believed that the rainbow drinks water from lakes, rivers and seas, which then rains on the earth. And in the Bible the rainbow appears after global flood, as a symbol of the union of God and humanity. The rainbow has inspired and will continue to inspire many poets, artists and photographers to create the most vibrant works of art. She also appears in many folk signs related to weather forecasting. For example, a rainbow that is tall and steep foreshadows good weather, but low and flat is bad.

It is generally accepted that a rainbow consists of seven primary colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. It is believed that the seven colors of the rainbow were first identified by Isaac Newton; initially he designated only five (red, yellow, green, blue and violet), but then increased the number of colors to seven, which corresponds to the number of notes in the scale.

So how does a rainbow form? After rain, while small droplets of water are still held by air currents, the rays of the sun pass through them, are refracted, reflected and return to us at an angle of 42 degrees. When the sun's rays pass through the droplets, the light is split into colors ranging from red to violet. Sometimes we see not one, but two rainbows in the sky; the reason for the appearance of the second, like the first, is the refraction and reflection of light in water droplets. Rays of sunlight have time to reflect twice from inner surface every drop.

How many colors are there in a rainbow?
The larger the water drops, the brighter and more saturated the colors of the rainbow. Two people standing next to each other cannot see exactly the same rainbow, because... size and density of droplets in various places may be different.

But gradually the number and size of water droplets decreases, they either evaporate or fall to the ground, the rainbow loses its brightness, and then disappears altogether...

Of course, a rainbow can be seen not only after or during rain; a rainbow also forms near waterfalls, fountains, and against the background of any curtain of water, including an artificially created one.

A rainbow can also be seen at night, but then it will be less bright, since moonlight is less intense than sunlight, and in low light the sensitivity of our eyes is lost; only the retinal receptors that perceive gray tones work. This phenomenon is rare, because... At night, a rainbow appears only if the moon is full and not covered by clouds, and there is heavy rain.

Sometimes there are rainbows in winter, so there is always a chance that we will see this miracle of nature.

Literature
1. Trifonov E.D. Once again about the rainbow
2. Geguzin Ya.E. Who makes the rainbow?

A bright, cheerful, luminous rainbow has been considered a symbol of good luck and luck since ancient times. If a rainbow flashes in the sky, it means the day will be happy and easy. And some even make a wish when they see it beautiful phenomenon nature in the sky. It is believed that the number of colors a person sees in a rainbow is the number of wishes he can make.

What is a rainbow

A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that does not only appear in the sky. Essentially, this is the refraction of colors. Physicists have proven that light has a certain spectrum of shades, and the rainbow clearly demonstrates this.

It occurs due to the refraction of light in tiny droplets of water from fog or rain that float in the atmosphere. Light is reflected differently in water droplets, hence the different shades.

Where is she observed?

Rainbows can be seen not only in the sky. You can see a small rainbow if you sit next to a fountain and catch the refraction of light near the stream of water. You can see it on a white sheet of paper when you write with a transparent pen on a sunny day. You can also see a rainbow through a prism if you hold this prism to the sun's rays or to an ordinary light bulb.

But most often, of course, we see it in the sky.

How many colors are in the rainbow

Science has proven that the rainbow has seven colors. This:

• red;
• orange;
• yellow;
• green;
• blue;
• blue;
• violet.

In ancient times there were never so many accurate optical instruments to carefully consider how many colors the rainbow has. But the human eye cannot always accurately determine the color scheme.

Aristotle, for example, identified only three primary colors - red, yellow and green. But in Japanese culture there is no traditional green color, therefore the inhabitants of the Country rising sun They believe that there are only six colors in the rainbow.

And the great mathematician Isaac Newton spent a lot of time studying the refraction of light and came to the conclusion that there are five colors in the rainbow. Then he also looked at the sixth one - orange. This number - six - seemed to him imperfect for describing natural phenomena, so he decided to add a blue color to the rainbow, which he called “indigo”.

We have 7 and they have 6

If you think that after scientists have proven the fact how many colors are in a rainbow, all people on the planet agreed with this statement, then you are deeply mistaken. For some reason, in China they believe that there are five colors in the rainbow - exactly the same number as there are elements on the planet. Until now, in Germany, America, England, France and a number of other countries, children are told that the rainbow consists of six colors.

Why is this happening? The fact is that blue and blue are very similar to each other, they are distinguishable only by the degree of depth. In addition, in a number of languages, “blue” and “blue” are called the same. IN English language there is only one way to describe these colors general word. That is why there is still such confusion about how many colors there are in the rainbow.

Easy to remember

The order of colors in a rainbow is always unchanged, no matter what time we see it and what time of day it is, whether it is large or small, whether it stood in the sky for a long time or flashed and went out in a few seconds. The first color is red, which gradually becomes lighter and turns into orange. In turn, the orange becomes even lighter and turns into yellow. The yellow color gradually turns green, then blue appears, which turns into rich blue, and the last, final color of the rainbow spectrum is violet.

Remembering the order of the colors in the rainbow is quite easy. You just need to learn one mnemonic phrase - and you can easily name which flowers are in the rainbow, without hesitation. So, memorize this sentence: "Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits." Simply and easily. Now all you have to do is take the first letter of each word and name the color of the rainbow:

• each is red;
• hunter - orange;
• wishes - yellow;
• know - green;
• where - blue;
• sitting - blue;
• pheasant - purple.

It was this phrase about a hunter and a sitting pheasant that took root in Russian-speaking culture. Although there are still a few good suggestions for remembering the rainbow spectrum. For example: “Once upon a time, Jean the City Beller Broke the Lantern.” More have appeared modern interpretations: "Every Designer Wants to Know Where to Download Photoshop."

Well, as they say, it’s up to you to choose how to remember the arrangement of colors in a rainbow.

Warm or cold

A rainbow in the sky always seems bright, cheerful, lively and very warm. It shines and sparkles and it seems that everything consists of fiery flowers. But, nevertheless, it also contains cold tones.

Let's figure out how many cool colors are in the rainbow. Everything related to blue refers to cool tones. Thus, there are three cool colors in the rainbow - blue, cyan and green. But violet, which has shades of purple, is neither warm nor cold tones; it is transitional.

Accordingly, there are three rainbows: red, orange and yellow.

This palette, which divides colors into warm and cool, is used by artists and painters. There are even several that divide the solar spectrum into warm, cool and in-between shades.

Always against the sun

Rainbows always appear opposite side from the sun. So if you look at it, the sun will always be shining from behind. Most often, a rainbow appears in the morning or evening, and this also has a completely reasonable explanation from the point of view of physics. When the sun is on the horizon, the rainbow is fullest and largest. The higher the sun rises, the smaller the semicircle becomes. And when the star rises to a height of 43 degrees relative to the horizon, it is no longer possible to see the rainbow. Because the angle for refraction of light is inappropriate.

The red color of the rainbow is always located in the outer part of the arc, and the violet color is always located in the inner part. But! Very common double Rainbow, when there are two arcs in the sky at once. So, in the second rainbow the colors are reversed.

By the way, seeing two rainbows is also considered better luck than one.

The number of colors in a rainbow always remains the same, but people’s ideas about this beautiful optical phenomenon have changed over time. Ancient tribes, for example, divided the rainbow into two colors - dark and light.

Rainbows can be seen not only in the sun's rays, but also after darkness falls. Then the sun's rays begin to reflect off the moon, and a rainbow may appear.

The rainbow does not freeze in place, but two people who are in different ends cities will see it completely differently. To one it will seem that it is hovering over the river, and to another it will seem that it is located directly above the new buildings. That is why, when a rainbow is photographed in the same city at the same time, completely different pictures are obtained.

Not all people can see all seven colors of the rainbow. It depends on how sharp your eyesight is. Some may notice peach in the rainbow, and they're not making this up. After all, seven colors are the basic classic colors. And there really are a great many shades in the rainbow, and some are impossible to catch with the human eye.

Rainbows can disappear if you wear polaroid glasses. The coating of these glasses is positioned so that the light is refracted vertically and the person simply does not see what others see.

Everything about everything. Volume 3 Likum Arkady

Why are the colors of the rainbow arranged in this order?

We call normal sunlight white, because he seems so to us. However, it actually contains different colors. When sunlight hits the beveled end of a mirror, the edge of a glass prism, or the surface soap bubble, then we manage to see a whole set of colors in it. In each of these cases, what happens is that the white rays break up according to their wavelengths into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple colors. As a result, a strip appears before our eyes, consisting of parallel lines different color, and at their boundaries one color smoothly transitions into another. This strip is called a spectrum. The red line is always at one end of the spectrum, and the purple line at the other. This is determined by the difference in wavelength of rays of different colors: it increases from violet to red.

A rainbow, in fact, is such a spectrum stretched in an arc across the sky. The sun's rays, penetrating into drops of water, are refracted, that is, they break up into their component parts, as happens when they pass through a glass prism. Already inside the drop itself we see lines different colors, stretching from one edge to the other. Some of the colored rays are reflected from the back wall of the drop and come out of it. These rays are reflected at different angles depending on the color, or more precisely, as we already know, the wavelength.

Therefore, when you look at a rainbow, you see that the color is always red at the top and purple at the bottom. A rainbow can only be seen when both it's raining and the sun is shining, as often happens during summer showers. To see it, you must be between the rain and the sun shining from behind you. Moreover, the sun, your eye and the central point of the multi-colored arc should be located on the same straight line.

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- one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. It can be found after rain, near waterfalls, near the banks of various reservoirs and in fog in sunny weather.

In order for it to appear, it is necessary high humidity and a light source. In this case, the light source should be behind the observer, and the rays should fall on the drops at an angle of forty-two degrees.

It is under these conditions that light rays, passing through the transparent medium of droplets, break up into a color spectrum consisting of seven colors.

This is the range that the human eye can discern:

• Red;
• Orange;
• Yellow;
• Green;
• Blue;
• Blue;
• Violet.

Surely from childhood, many of you remember a mnemonic verse for remembering the colors of the rainbow: “ TO every O hunter and wants h nah, G de With goes f adhan." Other mnemonics about the rainbow also have a right to exist:

1. The mole stroked the sheep and the giraffe and the bunny;
2. How Jacques the bell-ringer once broke a lantern with his head;
3. Every designer wants to know where to download Photoshop.

Read about how to easily memorize poetry

Thanks to these word combinations, we have clues for the first letters of each color. You can also come up with a mnemonic verse yourself, using your imagination. Well, in this article let's talk about easier and effective method remembering the colors of the rainbow - a method based on visualization.

We come up with images based on the colors of the rainbow

At the initial stage, think about what you associate each of these colors with. The selected images must be of the same color and must be clearly visualized.

For example:

• Red - Kremlin Tower;
• Orange - corn;
• Yellow - banana;
• Green - crocodile;
• Blue – moon;
• Blue - Avatar (from the film of the same name);
• Violet - Cheshire Cat.

Serial connection of the resulting images

In order to connect our images, we will use one of the methods described below. Which one you prefer is up to you.

Chain method

Here we clearly connect images in the colors of the rainbow with each other, fixing the images with each other for 4-6 seconds. Connections should be as vivid and unusual as possible, and in general, memorable.

Example:

An orange is stuck on the top of the Kremlin tower, and an ear of corn grows from the orange. The corn, in turn, is gnawed by a crocodile and at the same time he sits on the Moon. The Avatar is holding the moon above him, and the Cheshire Cat is digging into his leg =)

To learn how to connect images correctly, watch my video:

The “Unusual Story” method

We connect the images into a ridiculous story, imagining how each previous image interacts with the next one.

Example:

The Kremlin tower grows an orange tree, on which ears of corn emerge from the oranges. Corn cobs hatch into little crocodiles that crawl on the moon. This Moon revolves around the Avatar, and the Avatar strokes the Cheshire Cat =)

The Pilot Method for remembering the colors of the rainbow

To use this method, create in your imagination a room or a city route with objects to which you will attach images with colors. Hold connections between images and locations for 4-6 seconds.

Example:

• Pillar– the Kremlin Tower swings at the top of the pillar;
• Lenin monument– there is an orange peel on the head of the monument;
• Bench– there is corn growing on the bench and so on...

Also, as locations we can highlight "Microscope" method, and take the human body as an object. Since the rainbow has seven colors, and human body 7 parts of the body can be distinguished, then this method can be very easy to remember.

Which method do you like best? Write about it in the comments below. Also, don’t forget to share materials about memory development with your friends and ask questions about this topic that interest you!!!

After the rain, both adults and children peer into the sky: what if a rainbow appears? People of all ages admire this with trepidation and joy. unusual phenomenon- bright stripes of 7 colors stretching across the entire sky along the entire horizon. In ancient times, people believed that rainbows appeared by God's will, as proof of his existence. Children think that stripes in the sky appear out of nowhere, as if in a fairy tale. But adult readers of the portal know for sure that the appearance of the rainbow is explained physical laws nature and this is just an optical illusion.

How does a rainbow appear?

Physicists, observing the refraction of light in drops of water, with mathematical precision derived equations that reveal the mechanism of formation of this natural phenomenon. Knowledge of optical laws made it possible to prove that for the appearance of a rainbow, it is important not only the presence of drops of rainwater and then the appearance of the sun standing low above the horizon, but also the location of the observer with his back to the luminary.

Rainbow colors in in the right order. Drawing by Vasilisa Batmanova, 8 years old, especially for

The stream of sunlight, reaching the surface of the water, is refracted and splits the white rays of the sun into a color spectrum, and it consists of 7 main colors. Red, orange, yellow make up warm shades, green is borderline, and blue, indigo, violet are cold. This is the order in which the rainbow colors are arranged.

Red is the outer color, and purple is the inner color. The rainbow is often depicted in reverse order, but this is not true. Although, the reverse order of colors is also possible - in a duplicate rainbow, which is discussed below.

When it rains, a ray of sun illuminates a raindrop and penetrates into it, refracting into the colors of the spectrum. The wall of a water drop has a dense structure, upon reaching which the light stream is reflected in the opposite direction. This causes even greater refraction. From the point of entry sunbeam a stream of rainbow spectrum bursts out. Since the observer stands with his back to the shining Sun and his face to the rain, he sees refracted sunlight reflected by billions of drops of rainwater.

The colors of the rainbow in reverse order, characteristic of the “second” rainbow. Drawing by Margosha Batmanova, 6 years old, specially for

Sometimes you can see not one, but two rainbows in the sky at the same time. Moreover, the second one is not so bright or is barely visible in the sky. Its colors also consist of 7 shades, but are arranged in an inverted state: from purple to red. The appearance of a “double” is easily explained from the point of view of optics: light rays are reflected again in a drop of water - and this is where a rainbow-double appears.

A person is always interested natural phenomena, which are visible, but cannot be touched: fog, evaporation of moisture, rainbow. They seem to be a manifestation of a miracle, something unusual, having divine origin, but in fact their occurrence is proven by science.