Modern Russian tank / Photo: Nastol.com.ua
The Business Insider portal analyzed which tanks are in service with the Russian army and how many combat vehicles are in stock. Despite the fact that the latest T-14 Armata tank was shown at the parade in 2015, there are few of these vehicles in the army.
The publication writes that the tank will be ready for full service no earlier than 2019. In the meantime, the majority of the 2,700 combat-ready tanks in the Russian army are T-72B3 and T-80U.
Developed in the mid-50s, the T-55 tank is armed with a 100 mm cannon and can accelerate to 50 km/h. Over the years of production, the tank has been modernized more than once and today there are a large number of modifications of the 55. Now these tanks are not used by the Russian military, but about 2,800 T-55s are still stored in warehouses.
Produced from 1961 to 1975, the T-62 tank is armed with a smoothbore cannon and is capable of speeds of up to 50 km/h on the highway and up to 27 km/h over rough terrain.
The T-62 performed well during both Chechen campaigns and now continues to fight in Syria (Russia supplies these tanks to the army of Bashar al-Assad). In Russia, these tanks were withdrawn from service in 2011. Currently, there are about 2,500 T-62s of various modifications in storage.
The T-64 is equipped with a powerful 125 mm smoothbore cannon with an automatic loader and is capable of firing up to eight rounds per minute. The T-64 could fire Cobra guided missiles at a range of up to 4 km and was protected by combined armor in the frontal projection. These tanks served for a relatively short time and were sent to reserve. In total, there are about 2,000 of these tanks of various modifications in storage.
Production of this tank began in 1992. The T-90 received a 125-mm 2A46M-2 cannon, a thermal imager, a new engine, enhanced armor and other improvements. Currently in Russia there are about 350 T-90/T-90A tanks of various modifications in service and another 200 are stored in reserve.
The T-80U entered service in 1985. It was the world's first production tank with a single gas turbine power plant and anti-ballistic dynamic protection.
The T-80 could be accelerated to 80 km/h, the tank simply flew along the highway. Currently, the troops have 450 T-80U tanks, another 3000 (T-80B, T-80BV, T-80U) are in storage.
Such combat vehicles are in service with the Kantemirovskaya Division, an elite tank unit of the Russian army.
This most advanced version of the T-72 tank features a new 1,130 horsepower engine and a more advanced fire control system. The tank has become more accurate in hitting targets due to the introduction of the Sosna-U multi-channel gunner's sight, developed in Belarus, a digital ballistic computer with a set of weather sensors, and an automatic target tracking machine. In total, the Russian army has 1,900 T-72s in service, with another 7,000 in reserve.
T-14 "Armata"
The latest Russian tank, equipped with a 125 mm 2A82-1C smoothbore gun mounted in an uninhabited turret, with fully remote digital control.
Its range of hitting targets is up to 7000 meters and its rate of fire is 10-12 rounds per minute. For comparison: the American M1A2 SEP V3 Abrams tank can hit targets at a range of 3.8 km, writes Business Insider.
This tank is technologically more advanced than any Russian or Western one, but the cost of its production is very high. Therefore, Business Insider doubts that Russia will be able to afford mass production of the T-14 Armata in the near future.
MOSCOW, edition42.TUT.BY
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Why?
Each tank was created by the manufacturer's country, taking into account the defense of that particular country. When creating tanks, the climate, terrain, level of crew training, availability of electronic systems, satellite support, provision of spare parts are taken into account, and this is only a small list.
For example, what will happen to the crew who will spend, say, 3 days in a tank located in the desert in the heat, if this tank does not have air conditioning?
Such a crew will think about how to survive in the tank in general - without losing consciousness.
For mountainous area The specific power of the engines is important, otherwise overheating is inevitable. Can a tank run on low-quality fuel? If yes, then for how long.
There are more questions than answers.
Engineers take all these data and problems into account due to technological capabilities, but here the cost of manufacturing the tank comes into play. Cost is not only how much it can be sold, but also the number of people and resources involved in production. But will the country’s economy survive, or will it be able to produce 5-10 tanks a year, no more.
The rating published below is conditional character, you should not absolutely take into account that tank number 5 is much better than a tank at number 7.
the most modern tanks:
1. (Germany)
In 2010, at the Eurosatory 2010 exhibition, the Germans showed a new modification of their main tank Leopard 2. The peculiarity of this tank is that. That it is positioned as a tank adapted for conducting operations in the city. The modernization affected almost everything: the tank hull, engine, transmission, mass balance, weapons, fire control and crew support systems.
When fighting in the city, the tank is equipped with additional protection against cumulative shells.
The tank is designed to fight 24 hours a day. The driver received a 360-degree view of the area around the tank, as did all crew members, and thanks to thermal imagers, everything was visible even at night.
Technical characteristics of the tank +:
Weapons:
120 mm L55 smoothbore gun
12.7 mm machine gun
40 mm grenade launcher
7.62 mm machine gun
Country of origin: Germany
Crew: 4 people
Tank weight: 67,500 kg
Power reserve: 450 km
Speed: 72 km/h
On this moment no other data available.
2. (USA)
The tank entered service in 1980, then called the M1 and replacing the M60 main battle tank. Since 1994, a modification has been produced - different from the previous one in guidance, surveillance and reservation systems.
What fundamentally distinguishes this tank from the rest? This is, first of all, the most powerful engine in the world. From the very beginning of production, a turbine engine with a power of 3500 hp was installed on the tank, although in all official documents indicated power is 1500 hp. The tank even has a power and speed limiter installed, since the full power of the engine simply tears the tracks.
Since 1990, the tank has been equipped with an additional power unit to supply the tank with electricity when parked, so as not to start the main engine and not to use batteries.
The tank also has its drawbacks; ammunition is loaded into the gun receiver manually.
Due to the large mass of the tank and high engine power, the service life of the tracks is about 1100-1200 km.
For now, that's enough mass tank, so as of 2012, more than 9,000 tanks were produced. Decommissioned tanks are not destroyed, but rather dismantled, and suitable hull parts are reused in new tanks.
Technical characteristics of the M1A2 tank
Tank weight: 61.4 tons
Length with gun: 9.77 m
Case length: 7.93 m
Width: 3.66 m
Height: 2.44 m
Crew: 4 people (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
Chobham armor, depleted uranium steel
Weapons:
105 mm M68 rifled gun (installed on M1)
120-mm M256 smoothbore gun (installed on M1A1, M1A2, M1A2SEP)
12.7 mm machine gun
2 x M240 7.62mm machine guns
Engine AGT-1500C multi-fuel gas turbine engine
1500 hp (according to other sources, engine power without power limiter is 3500 hp)
Power ratio 24.5 HP / T
Ground clearance 0.48 m (M1, M1A1)
0.43 m (M1A2)
Cruising range: 465 km
Highway speed: 67.72 km/h
Ground speed: 48.3 km/h
3. (UK)
This tank deserves an honorable 3rd place after combat tests in Iraq. Only 1 tank was destroyed during the Iraq War by enemy fire. In June 1991, the British government ordered the first 127 tanks for the Royal Army.
A special feature of the tank is that it is currently produced mainly for export and is adapted for use in high temperature conditions.
The tank is equipped with the most modern aiming and visual surveillance system, including at night.
In terms of armor protection and resistance to cumulative shells, the tank can be called the most protected tank in the world in this regard.
The tank is equipped with a 12-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 1200 horsepower.
The disadvantage of the tank is the high production cost; about 400 of these tanks were produced.
Engine power: 1200 hp
Highway speed: 59 km/h
Tank weight: 62.5 tons.
Crew: 4 people
Power reserve: 450 km
Weapons:
120 mm L30 smoothbore gun
2 machine guns 7.62 mm caliber
10 L8 grenade launchers
4. (Israel)
Merkava Mark IV
- The main battle tank of the Israeli army. The tank is quite modern, since it was put into service in 2004. Among the plans to modernize the tank is the installation of an active protection system against anti-tank grenade launchers on the tank. Israel is currently looking for a financial partner to finalize this system.The tank has a very original design, for example, the tank’s engine is located not at the rear, but at the front, which creates additional protection for the crew from frontal enemy fire. At the rear of the tank there are hatches for the tank crew, which allows the crew to leave the tank under enemy fire, or to replenish ammunition. In the rear of the tank there is space for troops or additional ammunition.
The tank is equipped with an American-made diesel engine with a power of 1500 hp.
Tank specifications:
Tank weight: 65 tons
Length: 9.04 m with cannon
Length: 7.60 m without gun
Width 3.72 m
Height: 2.66 m
Crew: 4 people (commander, driver, gunner, loader)
Weapons:
armament 120 mm MG253 smoothbore gun
1 x 12.7 mm machine gun
2? 7.62 mm machine gun
1 ? 60 mm grenade launcher
12 smoke grenades
Engine 1500 hp turbocharged diesel engine
Specific power: 23 hp / T
Ground clearance: 0.45 m
Fuel tank capacity 1400 liters
Power reserve: 500 km
Speed 64 km/h on highway
It's modern, but not yet serial tank Russian army. The tank was created on the basis of the T-90 tank, which in turn is a deep modernization of the T-72 tank. Why 5th place and not first? Russian tanks have a number of disadvantages, first of all the eternal problem - a low-power engine. There were attempts to install a turbine on the T-80, but this tank was unsuccessful and did not go into production. Engine power is only 1000 hp. and its relatively small resource. The second disease that has been cured on the T-90MS Tagil tank is the weakness of the weapons. The gun must penetrate from the first shot from a range of 1500 meters frontal armor any NATO tank. And lastly, electronics and fire guidance systems. So, even on the T-90MS Tagil Tank, the driver mechanic does not have all-round visibility; he was limited to installing a rear-view video camera. So far, apparently the funds do not allow us to create a fundamentally new tank, a tank of a new generation, everything has to be crammed into the profile of the outdated T-72 hull.
Positive distinctive feature is the automatic loading system of the gun, let us remind you that the Americans do this by hand.
The T-90MS Tagil tank was shown to V.V. To Putin on December 7, 2009. What's new? New sight guns and, in fact, a new fire guidance system. New modular packages for protection against cumulative enemy fire. A machine gun is installed above the turret with remote control.
Armor protection has been significantly enhanced, including that of the top of the tank. A new V-92S2 engine has been installed, but it is too early to say that it is significantly superior to foreign competitors.
So, the main difference between the T-90MS Tagil and its predecessors is the fire control system, which can already compete with Western models.
Performance characteristics
Tank weight: 48 tons.
Crew: 3 people
Length with gun: 9530 mm
Case length: 6860 mm
Width: 3460 mm
Weapons:
125 mm 2A46M-5 gun
Ammunition: 40 shots
Guided weapons: 9K119M "Reflex-M"
Coaxial machine gun: 7.62 mm 6P7K (2000 rounds)
Anti-aircraft machine gun 7.62-mm 6P7K S UDP (T05BV-1) (800 rounds)
Engine V-92S2F2: 1130 hp. With.
Fuel tank capacity: 1200+400 l
Specific power: 24 l. s./t
Maximum highway speed: 60 km/h
Highway range: 500 km
Specific ground pressure: 0.98 kg/cm
6.
This tank is a big step towards improving self-propelled weapons, but still in many respects this tank is inferior to the best NATO tanks. The tank was introduced in 2009. Attention!
The Oplot-M tank should not be confused with the T-84 Oplot tank
These are completely different tanks, they differ even in appearance, not to mention equipment. The Oplot-M tank was created at the Kharkov Design Bureau. What's new? The ability to quickly replace the gun without dismantling the turret, that is, replacing the gun can be done in the field. 1200 horsepower diesel engine. In power it is already equal to Western engines, in terms of specific power the tank is even surpasses many other NATO tanks, but again lacks an engine, oil consumption on average is about 10 liters per 100 km, but it can run on gasoline, diesel and kerosene. The tank has an auxiliary power supply EA-8, which allows it to provide electricity without starting the main engine.
A new fire guidance system that can already compete with Western models. New armor protection that can withstand hits from cumulative projectiles.
It is planned to supply tanks to Thailand, according to the director of the plant, named after. Malysheva, Nikolai Belov, the contract is currently being implemented in full (2012). If the contract is fulfilled, then another model of a modern tank will appear in the world.
One of the disadvantages of this tank is its poor test history. Currently, about 10 tanks have been built.
Technical characteristics of the tank
Tank weight: 51 tons.
Crew: 3 people
Specific power: 24.7 hp/ton
Power: 1200 hp
Power reserve: 450 km.
Highway speed: 70 km/h
Weapons:
125 mm KBAZ smoothbore gun (46 rounds)
7.62 mm machine gun (1250 rounds)
12.7 mm machine gun (450 rounds)
7.
CI Ariete is the main battle tank of the Italian army. Currently, the Italian army has 200 CI Ariete tanks in service. The tank was designed and produced by Iveco - Fiat and Oto Melara. The tank has a modern digital system guidance and fire control, which allows firing on the move day and night. The tank was put into service in 1995 and is currently produced in single copies.
Among the shortcomings of the tank of the first releases is the insufficient specific engine power. Over its history of modifications, it was possible to slightly reduce the overall weight of the tank, so that it weighed less than 60 tons, the tank received a new, more powerful engine - 1600 hp.
Technical characteristics of the CI Ariete tank
Start of production: 1995
Tank weight: 54 tons
Length: 9.67 m with cannon
Length 7.59 m without gun
Width: 3.42 m
Height: 2.5 m
Crew: 4 people
Weapons:
120 mm cannon (42 shots)
2x7.62 mm machine guns (2500 rounds)
Engine power: 1300 hp (in latest modification)
Power reserve: 550 km
Speed: 65 km/h
8. (France)
AMX-56 Leclerc is the main battle tank of the French army. The Leclrc was developed to replace the outdated AMX 30 tank. The tank entered service in 1992. Currently, tank production has been stopped. It will be replaced by a new battle tank, but which one has not yet been announced. When developing the tank, special attention was paid to active protection against cumulative projectiles. A fire control system was developed for the tank, and in particular a friend-foe recognition system. Until 2001, the Leclerc was inferior to NATO tanks in terms of armor level and overall quality, but in 2001 the tank already used the same armor as the Challenger 2 and the German Leopard. Diesel engine V8X-1500 with a power of 1500 hp. c. Allows the tank to reach speeds of more than 70 km/h. The exhaust is cooled by a special device. There is also an original innovation - in the event of a shell attack on a tank from the front, the engine is equipped with a hydrokinetic brake, the braking is so sharp that the crew in the tank fastens their seat belts. In addition to France, the tank is in service with the UAE army.
Technical characteristics of the Leclerc tank
Tank weight: 54.5 tons
Length: 9.87 m without gun
Width: 3.71 m
Height: 2.53 m
Crew: 3 people
Weapons:
120 mm cannon (40 shots)
12.7 mm machine gun (1100 rounds)
7.62 mm machine gun (3000 rounds)
Engine power: 1500 hp
Specific power: 27.52 hp/ton
Power reserve: 550 km
Speed: 72 km/h
9. (Republic of Korea)
K2 Black Panther is the most modern tank in the Republic of Korea. To date (2012), several prototypes of the tank have been produced; full-scale production of the tank should begin in the second half of 2014. What else is remarkable about the tank? It was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the most expensive tank in the world, its cost is $8,500,000. In 1995, the Korean government set the task of developing a tank capable of resisting North Korean tanks (mainly the T-55).
In 2006, after 11 years of development, the tank project was ready.
The tank is equipped with a modern fire control system, which is capable of detecting targets using a thermal imager at a distance of 9.7 km. The tank is capable of destroying low-flying aircraft.
A special feature of the tank is the suspension, which can be adjusted in terms of ground clearance, and each wheel can be adjusted individually.
At the moment, there are some problems with the reliable operation of the engine and suspension, which has caused some delay in the mass production of tanks.
Technical characteristics of the K2 Black Panther tank
Tank weight: 55 tons.
Length with gun: 10.8 meters
Length without gun: 7.5 meters
Width: 3.6 meters
Height: 2.4 meters
Crew: 3 people
Weapons:
120 mm cannon (40 shots)
12.7 mm machine gun (3200 rounds)
7.62 mm machine gun (12,000 rounds)
Engine power: 1500 hp
Specific power: 27.2 hp
Power reserve: 450 km
Speed: 70 km/h
10.
Type 90 - is the main tank Japanese army. The tank was designed and manufactured by Mitsubishi. The tank, quite expensive, cost $7,500,000 in 2008. The task was set such that the finished tank would successfully fight with real and promising tanks of the USSR. The tank was adopted by the Japanese Army in 1990. The tank is equipped with a German L44 cannon. The tank uses an automatic shell loader. The tank uses modular ceramics and composite armor made of high-quality steel as armor.
The tank is not supplied abroad, and it has never taken part in real combat operations.
Technical characteristics of the Type 90 tank
Tank weight: 50.2 tons
Number of tanks produced: 333
Tank length: 9.755 m
Tank width: 3.33 m
Tank height: 2.33 m
Crew: 3 people
Weapons:
120 mm smoothbore gun (35 rounds)
12.7 mm machine gun (1500 rounds)
7.62 mm machine gun (2000 rounds)
Engine power: 1500 hp
Specific power: 30 hp/ton
Power reserve: 350 km
Speed: 70 km/hour
The creation of the T-64 tanks in the late 60s and early 70s was a big step forward. At that time, there were no vehicles in the world equal to them in terms of basic combat characteristics, and the possibility of eliminating the fourth crew member (loader) by installing the MZ (A3) on a tank with a classic layout on foreign tanks was realized only in the late 80s ( on French tank third generation Leclerc). From the time it was put into service (1973) to the present, the tank has been repeatedly modernized and improved in all main areas (firepower, security, mobility).
The improvements were aimed at providing the T-72 with the ability to withstand tanks foreign countries, later developed than the T-72, as well as anti-tank weapons (PTS). For example, the improvement of the tank’s protection was carried out in five stages and, in comparison with the original one, the tank increased three times. To the constantly improved combined multilayer armor, first mounted and then built-in dynamic protection and a complex of optical-electronic suppression of semi-automatic (Hot, Milan, Dragon, TOW) and laser (Maveric, Hellfire, Copperhead) homing heads were added by creating active interference with their operation . The use of unconventional methods of protection provided a slight increase in the weight of the tank, which combined with an increase in engine power from 740 to 840 hp. allowed maintaining an acceptable level of mobility. During its existence, tanks of the T-72 family were purchased for the armies of many countries, and also began to be produced under license abroad (for example, in Yugoslavia). The tank has proven itself on the positive side during operation in various climatic conditions- from the harsh Arctic to Asian deserts and subtropics. The vast majority of domestic tank crews who served on other domestic tanks (T-64 and T-80 families), as well as foreign specialists and tank crews who had the opportunity to fight on these vehicles, speak positively about the vehicle. As for the complaints about the T-72 family of tanks, which appeared from the media during the US-Iraq conflict and during the military conflicts in Transcaucasia, the analysis of the reasons causing such complaints mainly reveals the shortcomings of the system for operating tanks in the troops.
Indeed, an analysis of the nature of combat damage to tanks reveals an insufficient level of support for their combat use, and in some cases, incorrect tactics of using tanks (for example, the majority of tank defeats during urban battles occurred as a result of PTS hits when firing from above into the insufficiently protected upper hemisphere of the tank), and by analyzing the complaints about tanks coming from the troops, we can conclude that that the overwhelming number of failures and malfunctions occurs due to insufficient knowledge of the material part and a poor level of technical maintenance. Without a doubt, we can say that the T-72 family tanks have a solid level of survivability. Thus, during a demonstration shelling of a T-90 tank by another tank from a distance of 200 meters (which corresponds to a combat situation), 6 shots were fired, after which the tank arrived under its own power at the display site, resembling a mangled pile of scrap metal from the outside. To a large extent, the reasons for such survivability and reliability lie in the painstaking accounting at the Uralvagonzavod design bureau, whose General Designer for a long time was the talented engineer and manager V. Potkin, the experience of domestic and foreign tank building, the correctly installed system in the design bureau for monitoring and collecting information on the operation of tanks in the troops, as well as ongoing tests, especially at the stage of accepting the tank into service with the army. At the Russia Expo Arms-2002 exhibition, three vehicles were demonstrated: one fired, the other “flyed” - overcame a special course with obstacles, the third showed an underwater move at a waterdrome. It is an improved T-72B tank, put into service in 1993.
The appearance of the tank was caused by the need to modernize existing models, taking into account the experience of the Gulf War, as well as the reorientation of production to Russian components. The main differences from the T-72B are the introduction of the TShU-1 Shtora optical-electronic suppression complex, the 1A45 fire control complex borrowed from the T-80U tank, equipment for remote detonation of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile with a special fuse at a given point in the flight path, anti-aircraft machine gun mount with remote control (similar to the type installed on the T-64A), side screens with built-in dynamic protection. The TShU-1 complex provides additional protection for the tank by interfering in the optical range with the control lines of ATGMs (shells, aerial bombs, aircraft guided missiles) that have optical feedback, or with laser guidance (illumination). The tank's turret is equipped with 12 grenade launchers for setting up aerosol screens. The 1A45 fire control system allows the gunner and commander to conduct targeted fire artillery shots from a cannon day and night from a place and on the move, guided missiles - from a place. The complex includes the 1A42 fire control system, the 9K119 Reflex guided weapon system, the PNK-4S commander’s instrument and observation system, and the T01-P02T thermal imaging tank complex. The built-in alignment control device is mounted in the gunner's 1G46 sight head. The sight's field of view is stabilized in two planes. The ballistic computer is electronic, digital, and is the first to use a capacitive wind sensor. The gun's ammunition included a high-explosive fragmentation projectile with electronic remote fuse. To prepare the fuse for operation in remote detonation mode, a time interval setter is used. Built-in dynamic protection includes eight sections on the upper frontal plate of the hull, seven blocks and one container on the frontal part of the turret, and twenty containers on the turret roof. Three removable screens with built-in dynamic protection are installed along the sides of the hull. The tank is equipped with a V-84MS engine, which differs in the design of the exhaust manifolds. No significant changes were made to the transmission and chassis.
In the early 1980s, the main tank of the Soviet Army, the T-72, began to gradually lag behind its domestic and foreign counterparts, in particular the Omsk T-80U and the Kharkov T-80UD. In order to keep the T-72 at the level of modern requirements, it was necessary first of all to equip it with a more advanced control system. To reduce time, reduce the cost of work and ensure the unification of weapons at the Uralvagonzavod design bureau, it was decided to install the 1A45 Irtysh fire control system on a modernized vehicle (Object 188).
When the Minister of Defense of the Syrian Arab Republic, Mustafa Glas, who led the fighting Syrian army in Lebanon in 1981-82, a correspondent for Der Spiegel magazine asked: “Would the former driver of the Glas tank like to have the German Leopard 2, which Saudi Arabia is so eager to get?”, the minister replied: “…. I don't strive to have it at any cost. The Soviet T-80 is Moscow’s answer to the Leopard2. It is not only equal to the German machine, but also significantly superior to it. As a soldier and tank specialist, I consider the T-80 the best tank in the world." The T-80, the world's first production tank with a single gas turbine power plant, began to be developed at the Leningrad SKB-2 Kirov plant in 1968
Like other Russian tanks of the 1960-70s. — T-64 and T-72, T-80 has a classic layout and a crew of three. Instead of one viewing device, the driver has three, which significantly improves visibility. The designers also provided for heating the driver's workplace with air taken from the gas turbine engine compressor. The body of the vehicle is welded, its frontal part has an inclination angle of 68°, and the turret is cast. The frontal parts of the hull and turret are equipped with multi-layer combined armor, combining steel and ceramics. The remaining parts of the hull are made of monolithic steel armor with a large differentiation of thicknesses and angles of inclination. There is a complex of protection against weapons of mass destruction (lining, overlining, sealing and air purification system). Layout fighting compartment The T-80 is generally similar to the layout adopted on the T-64B. The walk-behind tractor at the rear of the tank hull is located longitudinally, which required a slight increase in the length of the vehicle compared to the T-64.
Currently, the T-80 is one of the most popular main tanks of the fourth generation, second only to the T-72 and the American M1 Abrams. As of early 1996, the Russian army had approximately 5,000 T-80s, 9,000 T-72s, and 4,000 T-64s. For comparison, the US military has 79 IS Mi tanks. Ml A and M1A2, the Bundeswehr has 1,700 Leopards, and the French army plans to purchase a total of only 650 Leclerc tanks. In addition to Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Syria also have T-80 vehicles. The press reported interest in purchasing "eighties" from India, China and other countries. Improvement of the machine continues.
The T-90 main tank was put into service in 1993. T-90 missile and gun tanks - new generation Russian tanks, including original design developments and the best layout and Constructive decisions T-72 and T-80 tanks. The T-90S tank was created on the basis of a thorough study and understanding of the tactics and strategy of using tanks in real conditions of modern combat, taking into account many years of experience in the military operation of T-72 tanks in various countries world, as well as the results of many years of intensive testing under the most severe conditions.
The tank retained the classic seventy-two layout. The main armament, as well as the commander's and gunner's workplaces, are located in the rotating turret, the power plant and transmission are in the rear of the hull, and the driver is in the control compartment in the front of the tank. In terms of dimensions and weight, the T-90S is practically no different from tanks like the T-72 and T-80.
The tank hull is welded. The bottom is stamped. The upper front panel has a multi-layer design with built-in dynamic protection.
The tank received a third-generation dynamic protection complex, which ensures resistance when fired by 120-mm armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles M829A2 and DM43A1, which are included in the ammunition load of the M1 Abrams and Leopard-2 tanks. In addition to increased durability when fired by monoblock cumulative warheads, the kit has anti-tandem properties, protecting the T-90S from the latest ATGMs such as TOW-2A and HOT-2. The tank is also protected from cumulative ammunition, attacking the tank from above (for example, aviation and artillery anti-tank submunitions). Dynamic protection elements are also installed on the side rubber-fabric screens (three, and later four blocks on each side).
The turret of the T-90S tank, which is a structural development of the T-72B turret, is cast. Its frontal part has combined armor protection. At the stern there is a small round hatch for ejecting pallets. Seven blocks and one remote sensing container are mounted in the front part of the tower. Another 20 remote sensing blocks are placed on the roof of the tower.
The driver's seat has enhanced (compared to the T-72B) protection. It is covered with a cover made of a hydrogen-containing polymer with the addition of boron, lithium and lead.
The T-90S is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore gun - the 2A46M-2 launcher (51 caliber). Maximum sighting range armor-piercing sub-caliber and cumulative projectiles is 400 m, high-explosive fragmentation projectiles - up to 1000 m. The maximum range of a direct shot at a target 2 m high is 2120 m.
The carousel automatic gun loading system (similar to that used on the T-72B) provides a practical rate of fire of 8 rounds/min (with manual loading - 2 rounds/min). The total ammunition load of the vehicle is 43 rounds. It includes armor-piercing sabot projectiles with a detachable 3BM42 pallet (initial speed 1715 m/s, armor-piercing cumulative projectiles 3BK29M (initial speed 905 m/s), high-explosive fragmentation projectiles with an electronic remote fuse (initial speed 850 m/s, used in conjunction with the system remote detonation "Ainet", which significantly increases the effectiveness of the fight against unprotected targets, primarily light anti-tank weapons of the enemy), as well as the 9M119 ATGM.
The ATGM, which has a laser beam guidance system and has a transonic speed (340 m/s), ensures the destruction of stationary and moving targets (including low-flying helicopters) at a range of 100..5000 m at a tank speed of up to 30 km/h ( unlike the T-72B, which can fire missiles only from a standstill or from short stops).
Compared to the armament of T-72 type tanks, the T-90S provides the ability to quickly change the barrel without dismantling the entire gun. The symmetrical arrangement of the gun's recoil brakes made it possible to slightly increase firing accuracy.
The gun is equipped with a built-in alignment control device. It should be added that learning to shoot well from this tank is much easier, in our opinion, than to drive it well. In principle, those simple operations that a gunner performs can be mastered in a few training sessions, and almost everything that is considered to be the art of a gunner was taken over by the fire control system installed on the tank, which automatically takes into account all the necessary data for firing, including including corrections caused by deviations of shooting conditions from normal (such as wind direction and speed, barometric pressure and air temperature, charge temperature, wear of the gun barrel, lateral roll of the tank, etc.) The gunner’s entire task comes down to using the guidance remote control (jokingly called a “joystick” by soldiers) to bring the aiming point to the target and press the electric trigger button to fire a shot. modified for automatic loading, preserved from the T-72B tank, complex, from the T-80U tank Fire control complex 1A45T "Irtysh" includes fire control system 1A42 and control system missile weapons 9K119 "Reflex".
The control system provides automatic input of amendments to shooting parameters. This takes into account the speed of the tank, the range to the target and its angular velocity, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction (for which the DVE-BS capacitive sensor is used), charge temperature, the angle of inclination of the gun trunnions, as well as the degree of wear of the barrel bore. The control system includes a 1G46 day sight-rangefinder, the field of view of which is stabilized in two planes, a 1V528-1 digital ballistic computer, as well as a two-plane stabilizer for the 2E4204 “Jasmine” gun.
The TPN-4-49 "Buran-PA" night active-passive gunner's sight is installed in the tank's turret (instead of which the T01-PO2T "Agava-2" thermal imaging sight can be mounted), as well as the PNK-4S tank commander's sighting and observation system with a sight round-the-clock action "Agat-S". Replacing the active-passive sight with a thermal imager allows you to increase the detection range of targets on the battlefield from 1500 m to 2500 m (which is close to the best foreign standards). However, the high cost of domestic thermal imaging equipment and the insufficient capacity of the production base do not allow all tanks to be equipped with T01-PO2T sights.
Auxiliary weapons of the T-90S, designed to combat open and lightly armored targets, include the NSVT-12.7 Utes machine gun (12.7 mm, ammunition - 300 rounds), housed in a closed installation, allowing the commander to fire by aiming the weapon through drives remote control without opening the tank hatch. The machine gun ensures the destruction of air and ground targets (in the latter case it can operate in a stabilized mode). There is a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun, traditional for domestic tanks, coaxial with a cannon (ammunition capacity - 2000 rounds). Inside the tank, an AKMS-74 assault rifle, a signal pistol and ten F-1 type hand grenades are placed in a special arrangement.
The tank has a developed complex for ensuring combat survivability, including armor, a built-in remote sensing system, a high-speed automatic fire extinguishing system 3ETs13 “Iney”, the latest emergency protection system and other equipment.
The vehicle's combat survivability is significantly increased by equipping it with the TSHU-1-7 "Shtora" optical-electronic suppression complex, which protects the vehicle from anti-tank missiles with command semi-automatic guidance systems (TOW, HOT, "Milan", "Dragon") or ATGMs with laser semi-active homing AGM-65 "Maevrick", "Hellfire", etc.).
The complex included the SOEP OTSHU-1 station and an aerosol curtain installation system (ACS). The COEP is a source of modulated IR radiation with parameters close to those of thermal tracers of ATGMs such as TOW, HOT, Milan, Dragon, etc. By influencing the IR receiver of the semi-automatic ATGM guidance system, it disrupts the missile guidance. The COEP provides interference in the form of modulated IR radiation in a sector of ±20°. From the axis of the barrel bore horizontally and 4.5° vertically. In addition, OTSHU-1, two modules of which are located in the front part of the tank turret, provides IR illumination at night, tracking aimed shooting using night vision devices, and can also be used to blind any (including small) objects.
The SDS, designed to disrupt attacks from missiles such as Maverick, Hellfire and the artillery guided 155-mm Copperhead projectile, responds to laser radiation within 360° in azimuth and -5/+25 in the vertical plane. It consists of two optical units for receiving laser radiation for precise target designation TShU-1-11, two dual optical units for rough target designation TShU-1-1 and 3D17 aerosol grenades fired from standard 81 mm launchers remote smoke screen deployment system “Tucha” (12 mortars are mounted on the sides of the hull with an inclination angle of 12° to the horizon).
The fuel is placed in tanks with a total capacity of 1600 liters (including 705 liters in a body protected by armor). In addition, two discardable fuel barrels with a capacity of 200 or 275 liters can be placed on brackets in the rear part of the vehicle hull.
The tank was filled to capacity, including two barrels at the rear of the vehicle, which are included in the engine fuel supply system (1700 liters in total).
The T-90S retains virtually unchanged the mechanical planetary transmission used on the T-72B, as well as the chassis of this tank. The track rollers, made of aluminum alloy, are 10 mm wider than those on the T-72B, which somewhat improved the balance of loads on the chassis of the vehicle. Tracks with both rubber-metal and open joints can be used.
The tank can be equipped with KMT-6 or KMT-7 track mine trawls. To prevent the driver from being injured in the event of a mine explosion (under the bottom or tracks), his seat is suspended from the roof of the hull, and special stampings are formed in the bottom of the tank, increasing the rigidity of the structure.
The T-90S is equipped with built-in self-digging equipment, as well as OPVT (enables overcoming reservoirs up to 5 m deep and up to 1000 m wide).
Communication equipment includes a VHF radio station R-163-50U and a VHF receiver R-163U. The T-90SK command tank is equipped with an additional radio station R-163-50K, navigation equipment TNA-4-3, as well as an autonomous power unit AB-1-P28. The equipment installed on the command tank ensures the maintenance of simultaneous communication via three channels (communication range while moving - 50-250 km, when stationary - 250 km), as well as continuous automatic generation and indication of coordinates.
State tests of “Object 188” began in 1989 and lasted about a year and a half. Among others, an experienced tester and driver A. Shopov took part in them. Two samples passed all stages of testing. In Siberia, in the midst of a bitter winter, “Object 188” confidently overcame extended snowy areas with a snow depth of 1.1 to 1.3 m. In the desert Central Asia per day the tanks covered from 350 to 480 km. On board the Il-76MD and An-124 Ruslan transport aircraft, the tanks took to the air twice to a height of 8,000 m.
“What is the cost of an eight-hour non-stop run with the fire control system on? Be sure to choose a difficult route with endless holes and potholes, on which the stabilized gun of the tank from overloads every now and then becomes on the hydraulic stop, you can hear the loaded squeal of the hydraulics of the stabilizer of the gun, the mass of which reaches several tons. In addition, the gunner is required to make a horizontal turn of the tank turret every 2-3 minutes in the “transfer speed” mode by 360°.”
The underwater tests were difficult. The tank entered the reservoir to a depth of 5 m, the engine was turned off, and for 1 hour the crew listened in complete silence through the air supply pipe to what was happening above the water column. Such a long stay under water was necessary to check the quality of sealing of the elements of the Shtora-1 optical-electronic suppression complex, which are located on the tank’s armor. In case of emergency leaving the tank, the crew was equipped with IP-5 insulating gas masks.
As usual, at the end of the entire testing program, tests were carried out for resistance to anti-tank weapons. After this stage, one of the tank samples was not subject to further use, and the second, having passed 14,000 km during testing without any serious breakdowns or failures and during this time having replaced two tank gun barrels, was sent to its place of birth - the city of Nizhny Tagil , where new components and assemblies were installed on it for further research and testing.
It was initially assumed that after being put into service the new vehicle would receive the designation T-72BU, but already in the spring of 1991, even before the collapse of Soviet Union, the tank received the T-90 index. After the death of General Designer V.I. Potkin's T-90 tank was named "Vladimir".
Serial production of the T-90 was launched at Uralvagonzavod in the fall of 1992. However, the ever-shrinking defense order did not allow the Russian army to be re-equipped with new armored vehicles on a noticeable scale. According to funds mass media, by 2000, the industry had delivered a total of less than 200 T-90s to the ground forces. In particular, one of the regiments of the 21st Taganrog Red Banner Order of Suvorov is fully equipped with new tanks motorized rifle division Siberian Military District, as well as a unit of the 5th Guards Donskaya tank division(stationed in Buryatia).
At the same time, the orientation of the Russian defense complex export impact also affected the fate of the T-90. The vehicle, which combines the most modern tank building technologies with the time-tested and battle-tested design solutions of the T-72, could not but be in demand on the global arms market. This was also facilitated by a slight slowdown in progress in the development of armored vehicles that began in the 1990s: the appearance of new generation tanks, expected in developed countries at the turn of the 21st century, did not take place. States such as the USA, Great Britain and France have limited themselves to the production and export of modernized combat vehicles created back in the 1980s. And compared to the M1A2 or Leclerc, the T-90 looks quite good modern tank, in no way inferior to their Western counterparts.
First to become interested in new things Russian tank India. Since the 1980s, work has begun in this country to create its own new generation main battle tank, the Arjun. However, according to a number technical reasons in 1998, production of the first production batch of these vehicles (120 tanks) was suspended. At the same time, the issue of improving the armored tank fleet of the Indian Army became even more urgent after India’s main geopolitical opponent, Pakistan, began purchasing 300 T-84 tanks from Ukraine in the second half of the 1990s.
India, which has 1,700 T-72 and T-72M1 tanks (a total of 37 armored regiments are equipped with them), opted for the T-90, a deep modernization of the “seventy-two”. Several tanks were sent to India for testing, which differed from the vehicles produced for Russian Army new, more powerful V-92S2 diesel engines. Indian tanks were equipped with caterpillar tracks, allowing the installation of new asphalt shoes, a more modern thermal imaging fire control system, as well as the Shtora-1 electronic suppression complex. Today the T-90S tank is considered as a promising combat vehicle of the Indian Army.
In the fall of 2000, an agreement was reached to sell India a license for mass production of 300 of these machines. It is expected that the T-90S will replace about 300 obsolete Soviet-made T-55 tanks, as well as the remaining Vijayanta tanks, developed and built in India (1,200 of these vehicles were produced, most of which are currently mothballed).
The T-90S is the result of a thorough study and understanding of the tactics and strategy of using tanks in real conditions of modern combat, taking into account many years of experience in operating T-72 tanks in various countries around the world.
Implementation of a number of design developments and measures in the T-90S using promising technologies gave the tank new combat and operational qualities. Compared to its predecessor, the T-72S, the combat and operational characteristics of the new vehicle have increased by 1.5 times.
The characteristic features of the vehicle are the extremely high technical reliability of all components and assemblies, as well as the entire tank as a whole; high mobility and maneuverability; maximum continuity with the T-72 family of tanks, which makes it possible to significantly simplify and reduce the cost of crew training.
The T-90S tank has the potential for further development. In the near future, production vehicles should receive the new V-92S2 diesel engine. It can be assumed that a number of improvements will be introduced into the control system (created back in the 1980s), as well as into the communications equipment complex. The introduction of a receiver for the GLONASS satellite navigation system, which provides high accuracy and navigation reliability.
Currently, work is underway in Russia to create a new original diesel engine with an X-shaped cylinder arrangement with a power of 1400 hp. The press also reported on work to increase the power of the V-92 engine to 1200 hp. The introduction of new engines should significantly increase the speed and acceleration characteristics of the tank, ensuring the superiority of the T-90 in these most important parameters over the best foreign analogues.
It is planned to install an EMZ complex on tanks, causing the neutralization (premature detonation) of mines with magnetometric fuses.
Work is underway to improve the efficiency of the tank's armament. In particular, a shot with an armor-piercing finned sabot projectile is being developed, having new scheme management An elongated projectile body made of tungsten alloy and a propellant charge made of high-energy powders increase armor penetration by 20% compared to the 3BM42 projectile.
The new 3VBK25 shot with a cumulative projectile also has increased efficiency. It is capable of hitting enemy tanks equipped with complex composite armor and enhanced remote sensing.
The introduction of shrapnel fragmentation shells with an electronic remote-contact fuse into the tank's ammunition load will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the fight against small tank-hazardous targets, as well as combat helicopters. Such a projectile is more effective compared to high-explosive fragmentation projectile traditional type. In addition, when the fuse is set to contact operation, it has a penetrating effect on various types of obstacles.
In addition to improving power plant, armament and increased security, the most important direction for improving the tank should be expanding the capabilities of its information complex. At the VNII “Signal”, a complex of equipment has been created for both new and modernized vehicles, providing solutions to navigation, information and command tasks. The complex includes a fourth-generation topographical reference and navigation system “Gamma” and telecode data transmission equipment with a highly reliable communication system.
On the basis of the complex automated control system "Kapustnik", created for artillery, means for automating the control of a tank battalion have been developed (and tested on T-72 tanks), the command unit of which is located on the command tank. An automated control system and maneuver of a tank unit, according to experts, will increase the total combat effectiveness of tanks by 2-4 times.
The T-90S was developed on the basis of a thorough study and understanding of the tactics and strategy of using tanks in real conditions of modern combat, taking into account many years of experience in the military operation of T-72 type tanks in various countries around the world, as well as the results of many years of intensive testing in the most severe conditions. The implementation of a number of design developments and measures in the T-90S using modern and advanced technologies has created new opportunities for conducting effective combat operations, increased operational reliability and maneuverability and made it possible to achieve a comprehensive increase in combat and technical characteristics by 1.5 times compared to the T-72S .
This is the merit of the third generation of Uralvagonzavod designers - students of V.N. Venediktov and V.I. Potkina - Yu.N. Neugebauer, N.A. Molodnyakova, Yu.V. Tena, G.S. Gorsevana, A.D. Budilova, V.I. Grib, O.A. Kuraksy, N.S. Davydenkova, V.I. Vasilyeva, I.N. Baranova, V.T. Yurinov and many others.
The fire capabilities of the T-90 have expanded significantly with the installation of a guided weapon system to ensure confident superiority over all existing ones foreign tanks in terms of target engagement range. The T-90 tank hits heavily armored targets at a range of up to 5 km on the move (up to 30 km/h) with a high probability of hitting with the first shot. During state tests 24 missile launches were carried out at ranges of 4-5 km and all of them hit the target. At a demonstration of the T-90 tank to one of the foreign delegations, a fairly experienced gunner, performing a firing exercise, first hit a target with a guided missile at a distance of 4 km from a standstill, and then, in 54 seconds of movement at a speed of 25 km/h, hit 7 real armored targets located at ranges of 1500-2500 m, and returning to initial position, handed over fire control to the tank commander, who, in duplicate mode, shot 4 more targets by firing “from the rear” of the tank.
The T-90S tanks are characterized by: optimal suitability for combat operations in extreme situations; exceptional reliability of all components and assemblies, mechanisms and complexes; excellent mobility and maneuverability regardless of any climatic and road conditions, including dusty conditions and high altitudes; minimal costs for training highly qualified specialists.
The Russian T-90S missile and gun tank, in terms of its total combat and technical characteristics and the ability to conduct modern combat, is in no way inferior to the best tanks of foreign countries, and surpasses them in a number of significant parameters. To date, the IMR-3 and IMR-3M engineering clearing vehicles and the BMR-3M armored mine clearing vehicle have been produced on the basis of the T-90S tank.
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The term “tank” in Ozhegov’s dictionary is explained as “an armored self-propelled combat vehicle with powerful weapons on a tracked track.” But such a definition is not a dogma; there is no unified tank standard in the world. Each manufacturing country creates and has created tanks taking into account its own needs, the characteristics of the proposed war, the manner of upcoming battles and its own production capabilities. The USSR was no exception in this regard.
History of the development of tanks of the USSR and Russia by model
History of invention
The primacy of the use of tanks belongs to the British; their use forced military leaders of all countries to reconsider the concept of warfare. The use by the French of their Renault FT17 light tank determined the classic use of tanks for solving tactical problems, and the tank itself became the embodiment of the canons of tank building.
Although the laurels of first use did not go to the Russians, the invention of the tank itself, in its classical sense, belongs to our compatriots. In 1915 V.D. Mendeleev (the son of a famous scientist) sent a project for an armored self-propelled vehicle on two tracks with artillery weapons to the technical department of the Russian Army. But for unknown reasons further design work things didn't work out.
The very idea of putting steam engine The concept of a caterpillar propulsion system was not new; the first to implement it was in 1878 by Russian designer Fedor Blinov. The invention was called: “A car with endless flights for transporting goods.” In this “car”, a track turning device was used for the first time. The invention of a caterpillar propulsion device, by the way, also belongs to the Russian staff captain D. Zagryazhsky. For which a corresponding patent was issued in 1937.
The world's first tracked combat vehicle is also Russian. In May 1915, tests of the armored vehicle D.I. took place near Riga. Porokhovshchikov called “All-terrain vehicle”. It had an armored body, one wide track and a machine gun in a rotating turret. The tests were considered very successful, but due to the approaching Germans, further tests had to be postponed, and after some time they were completely forgotten.
In the same year, 1915, tests were carried out on a machine designed by the head of the experimental laboratory of the military department, Captain Lebedenko. The 40-ton unit was an artillery carriage enlarged to gigantic proportions, driven by two Maybach engines from a downed airship. The front wheels had a diameter of 9 meters. According to the creators, a vehicle of this design should easily overcome ditches and trenches, but during testing it got stuck immediately after it started moving. Where I stood long years until it was cut into scrap metal.
Russia ended the First World War without its tanks. During the Civil War, tanks from other countries were used. During the battles, some of the tanks passed into the hands of the Red Army, on which the workers’ and peasants’ fighters entered the battle. In 1918, in a battle with French-Greek troops near the village of Berezovskaya, several Reno-FT tanks were captured. They were sent to Moscow to participate in the parade. Lenin’s fiery speech about the need to build our own tanks laid the foundation for Soviet tank building. We decided to release, or rather completely copy, 15 Reno-FT tanks called Tank M (small). On August 31, 1920, the first copy left the workshops of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in Nizhny Tagil. This day is considered to be the birthday of Soviet tank building.
The young state understood that tanks were very important for waging war, especially since the enemies approaching the borders were already armed with this type of military equipment. The M tank was not put into production due to its particularly expensive production price, so another option was needed. According to the idea that existed in the Red Army at that time, the tank was supposed to support the infantry during an attack, that is, the speed of the tank should not be much higher than the infantry, the weight should allow it to break through the defense line, and the weapons should successfully suppress firing points. Choosing between our own developments and proposals to copy ready-made samples, we chose the option that allowed us to organize the production of tanks in the shortest possible time - copying.
In 1925, the tank was launched into mass production, its prototype was the Fiat-3000. Although not entirely successful, the MS-1 became the tank that laid the foundation for Soviet tank building. At his production site, production itself and the coherence of the work of different departments and factories were developed.
Until the early 30s, several of their own models T-19, T-20, T-24 were developed, but due to the lack of special advantages over the T-18, and due to their high cost of production, they did not go into series.
Tanks of the 30-40s - a disease of imitation
Participation in the conflict on the Chinese Federal Railway showed the inadequacy of the first generation tanks for the dynamic development of the battle; the tanks practically did not show themselves in any way; the cavalry did the main work. A faster and more reliable car was needed.
To select next production model We went the beaten path and purchased samples abroad. The English Vickers Mk - 6 tons was mass-produced in our country as the T-26, and the Carden-Loyd Mk VI wedge was produced as the T-27.
The T-27, which at first was so tempting to produce due to its low cost, was not produced for long. In 1933, wedge heels were adopted for the army
amphibious tank T-37A, with weapons in a rotating turret, and in 1936 - T-38. In 1940, they created a similar amphibious T-40; the USSR did not produce more amphibious tanks until the 50s.
Another sample was purchased in the USA. Based on the model of J.W. Christie, a whole series of high-speed tanks (BT) was built; their main difference was the combination of two propellers, wheeled and tracked. To move when marching, BTs used wheels; when fighting, they used caterpillars. Such a forced measure was necessary due to the poor operational capabilities of the tracks, only 1000 km.
BT tanks, developing quite high speeds on the roads, fully suited the changed military concept of the Red Army: breaking through the defense and quickly deploying a deep attack through the resulting gap. The three-turreted T-28 was developed directly for the breakthrough, the prototype of which was the English Vickers 16-ton. Another breakthrough tank was supposed to be the T-35, similar to the English five-turret heavy tank"Independent".
During the pre-war decade, many interesting tank designs were created that did not go into production. For example, based on the T-26
semi-closed self-propelled gun AT-1 ( artillery tank). During the Second World War, they will again remember these cars without a cabin roof.
Tanks of the Second World War
Participation in the Spanish Civil War and in the battles at Khalkhin Gol showed how high the explosion hazard of a gasoline engine is and the inadequacy of bulletproof armor against the then nascent anti-tank artillery. The implementation of solutions to these problems allowed our designers, who had suffered from the disease of imitation, to create for real on the eve of the Second World War good tanks and KV.
In the first days of the war, a catastrophically large number of tanks were lost; it took time to establish production of the uncompetitive T-34 and KV at the only evacuated factories, and the front desperately needed tanks. The government decided to fill this niche with cheap and quick-to-produce light tanks T-60 and T-70. Naturally, the vulnerability of such tanks is very high, but they gave time to expand the production of Victory tanks. The Germans called them “indestructible locusts.”
In battle under the railway. Art. Prokhorovka was the first time that tanks acted as “cementers” of the defense; before that they were used exclusively as attack weapons. Basically, up to today, there were no more new ideas for using tanks.
Speaking about WWII tanks, one cannot fail to mention tank destroyers (SU-76, SU-122, etc.) or “self-propelled guns” as they were called by the troops. The relatively small rotating turret did not allow the use of some powerful guns and, most importantly, howitzers on tanks; for this purpose, they were installed on the bases of existing tanks without the use of turrets. In fact, Soviet tank destroyers during the war, except for weapons, were no different from their prototypes, unlike the same German ones.
As they say: “Tanks are not afraid of dirt.” This expression perfectly characterizes such a powerful machine as a tank. The tank is not afraid of any obstacles, in it you can not only feel completely safe, but also in case of danger or attack from enemies, you can defend yourself by using combat artillery. It is a kind of multifunctional machine.
Since ancient times, people have preferred stronger and more effective weapons. As soon as something better appears, they begin to invent many analogues. Then these analogues are used until something more perfect and powerful appears. People, one might say, have this principle. Times go by, more and more new weapons appear, but the tanks do not give up their positions. This is a reliable front and rear of the army.
In our time high technology Military equipment is constantly being improved and becomes “smarter.” Today we will share with you our Top 10 ranking The most powerful tanks in the world. They are a kind of “monsters” among their own kind; you will surely admire their stateliness and grandeur. And what power lies in them! A power capable of protecting and destroying at the same time. In our rating you will get acquainted with steel “monsters”, which are the best tanks in the world ever created.
10. Leclerc
This tank forms the basis of the army of modern France, and 388 units are in service with the UAE, which is explained by its high cost - $8 million. However, all this pales in comparison to the 120-mm muzzle, with 40 rounds of ammunition, as well as two additional machine guns, with a total of 4,000 rounds of magazines, which, together with the ability to accelerate to 71 km/h, makes it excellent in the fight against enemy dismounted forces .
9.
We could not help but include Merkava, the pride of the Israeli defense industry, in the ranking of the best and most powerful tanks in the world. In addition to the intimidating 120 mm barrel, the tank is capable of firing guided anti-tank missiles, which makes it possible to accurately incapacitate military equipment enemy. At the same time, protection is provided by the latest generation steel modular armor, which, although it adds weight, allows it to remain invulnerable to shots from some types of hand grenade launchers.
8.
Manufactured in Pakistan, this tank has absorbed the latest developments of leading engineers in its region, which allows it to remain equally effective regardless of the time of day. A 125 mm smooth-bore gun is capable of hitting almost any enemy equipment, but for the sake of its expanded ammunition, one of the machine guns had to be sacrificed, which does not at all reduce the effectiveness of the combat vehicle.
7. K1A1
Also among the most powerful tanks in the world is the crown of the modern military industry South Korea. The heavy-duty smooth-bore gun with a caliber of 120 mm requires simultaneous maintenance by two crew members, but is extremely effective against enemy reconnaissance drones that fall into its field of view. Effectiveness against infantry is ensured by one coaxial or two standard machine guns, depending on the modification.
6.
The pride of British tank building, it is recognized as one of the best in the world due to its reliability. It is in service with the United Kingdom and Oman. It is extremely effective against foot soldiers and weakly armored vehicles, because in addition to a 120 mm rifled barrel, it has two coaxial and one movable machine gun at its disposal. However, such firepower negatively affects the mobility of the tank - it is only capable of reaching a speed of 56 km/h.
5. PT-91
Main combat vehicle Polish army ranked fifth in the list of the 10 most powerful tanks in the world. In addition to the terrifying 125 mm smoothbore gun, the tank is equipped with active armor, which ensures that there will be no major damage after the enemy's first shot. Moreover, the presence of three machine guns allows you to destroy enemy anti-aircraft guns and their crew at medium and close distances.
4. T-90
Oddly enough, the representative of Russian tank construction is distinguished by its compactness and lightness, guaranteeing the maneuverability characteristic of Soviet-made tanks. In addition to enemy equipment, thanks to two powerful machine guns, the tank does not experience difficulties with artillery, which, due to its low weight and, accordingly, high speed of movement, it is able to reach almost with lightning speed. The T-90 is rightfully considered one of the best tanks in the world with great firepower and high speed characteristics. The hull armor is made using composite steel, which prevents the T-90 from becoming an easy target for enemy infantry armed anti-tank gun, even at close range.
3.
This Chinese-made vehicle, which opens the top three in the top 10 most powerful tanks in the world, is by no means cheap: for one unit you will have to pay about 22 million dollars, which significantly reduces its competitiveness. The relatively light tank is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore gun, in addition to which there are three machine guns: for dealing with anti-aircraft guns and two paired, effective against infantry.
2.
This tank is characterized by high production costs, typical of most South Korean combat vehicles. The developers explain this by the fact that they used combined armor, which gives a lot of advantages in close combat, and thanks to the low weight of only 62 tons, they were able to gain additional speed and maneuverability. Despite all this, the Black Panther, armed with a 55 caliber cannon, was able to win only half of its training battles.
1. M1A2 Abrams
The crowning glory of our ranking is the brainchild of the American defense industry, which has occupied a leading position since the end of the last century, thanks to the constant improvement of its technology in response to changing styles of warfare. modern warfare. M1A2 Abrams – the best tank in the world. Its “highlight” is not its weapons potential, although it is worth saying that its firepower is by no means inferior to its competitors, but its technical component. The vehicle is literally crammed with various electronics, allowing it to coordinate actions with allied forces and aviation, which allows it to be as effective as possible on the battlefield. And, unlike most of the tanks presented, the M1A2 has proven its effectiveness in real military operations.
+ T-14 Armata
The Armata tank has become the embodiment of the unique developments of past years and the achievements of the modern Russian military-industrial complex. T-14 is a unique 3rd generation combat vehicle. Perhaps, after all the tests, Armata will receive the title the best and most powerful tank in the world. Its peculiarity is that the crew is not located in the turret, but in an armored capsule, which ensures survival even if the ammunition is detonated. This newest Russian tank was first demonstrated in 2015 at the Victory Parade.
Among the unique technical characteristics it is worth noting: design features, making the tank poorly visible on enemy radars, in the infrared and magnetic range, and even difficult to distinguish on the ground with visual contact, essentially stealth technology is used. The vehicle also uses the latest Afghanit active protection, which is capable of preventing an anti-tank projectile from hitting it, and the 4th generation Malachite armor protects against almost 100% of shots from hand-held grenade launchers. Firepower is provided by a 125 mm smoothbore gun with 45 rounds of ammunition and two machine guns: Kord (12.7 mm) and PKTM (7.62 mm). On highways, the T-14 reaches speeds of up to 90 km/h.
The best tank in Russia and the world | Video
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