Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Hero of Socialist Labor, State Prize laureate, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy medical sciences, Director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
In April last year, together with the famous American surgeon M. DeBakey, I was awarded the title of laureate and awarded the gold medal of Academician Boris Petrovsky for outstanding achievements in world surgery. This award in itself is very honorable, but for me it is doubly valuable, since it is dedicated to my Teacher and is an undoubted recognition by the international surgical community of his outstanding role in world surgery. Forty years ago I came to the clinic of Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky after graduating from the First Medical Institute and postgraduate studies at the department of topographic anatomy and operative surgery. Having started working under his leadership, I felt that he was a person who unmistakably recognized new paths and directions in surgical science, supported them and sought to implement them in the clinic he led. He delighted everyone who worked with him with his amazing surgical technique. Moreover, as we professionals say, he has a “light hand,” or in other words, he is a surgeon from God.
Under his leadership, we introduced open-heart surgery, first with hypothermia and then with heart-lung machines. A period has come when artificial heart valves began to be introduced into clinical practice abroad, mainly in the USA. In the USSR, attempts were made to perform operations using domestic valve prostheses, but they were inferior in quality to foreign ones. Boris Vasilyevich suggested meeting with specialists and technicians working in the nuclear industry, led by B.P. Zverev, who enthusiastically accepted the idea of creating high-quality domestic artificial heart valves. The first operations using these valves were successfully performed by Petrovsky and his colleagues in 1963.
At that time, work on the creation of artificial heart devices and circulatory support began to appear more and more often in the international literature. This new direction in cardiac surgery seemed promising and interesting to me. With the idea of creating an experimental laboratory that would develop such methods and apparatus and apply them to animals, I went to B.V. Petrovsky. The result of our discussions was that the artificial heart and circulatory support laboratory began to function. Boris Vasilyevich put me in charge of the laboratory. Then no one could foresee that in the future an intergovernmental agreement between our country and the United States, which was prepared and signed by B.V. Petrovsky, would be signed on issues related to the artificial heart and assisted circulation, and that this cooperation, as recognized by the American scientists themselves, will develop fruitfully for more than 20 years. After many years of persistent research in this laboratory, which in 1974 was transferred to the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, an artificial heart and artificial ventricles of the heart were created, which are successfully used in practice.
In 1965, Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky performed the first successful kidney transplant in our country; Such operations were performed on the basis of the vascular department. In 1969, this department was entrusted to me. WITH light hand As a teacher, I began to study transplantology.
But all these years I feel that Boris Vasilyevich is watching my work, I often consult with him and always admire the wisdom of his decisions.
For more than 33 years, from July 1974 to January 2007, V.I. Shumakov permanently headed the Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, which now bears his name.
| Valery Ivanovich Shumakov was born on November 9, 1931 in Moscow into the family of a civil engineer. In 1956 he graduated with honors from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov Ministry of Health of the USSR. In 1956 - 1959 IN AND. Shumakov studied in graduate school at the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of the First Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov, after which he successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: " Surgical correction mitral valve insufficiency." In 1959 - 1963, V.I. Shumakov worked as a junior researcher in the academic group of Academician B.V. Petrovsky at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Ministry of Health, in 1963 - 1966 - senior researcher employee, in 1966 - 1969 - head of the laboratory of artificial heart and assisted circulation, in 1969 - 1974 - head of the department of transplantation and artificial organs of the same institute. In 1965, Valery Ivanovich successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Prosthetics of heart valves" . |
In July 1974, by order of the USSR Minister of Health B.V. Petrovsky V.I. Shumakov was appointed director of the previously created Institute of Organ and Tissue Transplantation of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1978, the institute was renamed the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the USSR Ministry of Health; IN AND. Shumakov headed it continuously until January 2008.
Under the leadership of V.I. Shumakov Institute has come a long way, becoming a leading research center developing biological and clinical problems of transplantology, having a multifunctional clinical base, equipped modern equipment, where it is executed wide range transplantological and other high-tech operations. On the initiative and with the direct participation of V.I. Shumakov began to actively develop a new direction: the development, creation and use of artificial organs, which is inextricably linked with the further progress of transplantology.
On January 14, 2009, by order of the Minister of Health and social development RF Institute was renamed into the Federal State Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs named after Academician V.I. Shumakov" of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia.
IN AND. Shumakov as a scientist was distinguished by the breadth of his creative aspirations, exceptional clarity of presentation of his thoughts, deep and comprehensive study of the problem, and his recommendations for treating the patient were always justified from pathogenetic and physiological positions. He played a leading role in the development of clinical transplantology in our country, in the development, creation and implementation of artificial organs (heart valves, pacemakers, artificial heart, artificial left ventricle, circulatory support devices, etc.) into clinical practice. For more than 20 years V.I. Shumakov, together with M. DeBakey, led the work within the framework of the Intergovernmental Soviet-American Agreement on the development and research of an artificial heart, which served as a powerful impetus for the creation of mechanical circulatory support systems.
His scientific heritage is unusually large and multifaceted. IN AND. Shumakov is the author of three scientific discoveries, more than 20 monographs, more than 450 scientific papers, more than 200 inventions both in the field of clinical medicine and at the intersection of medicine and exact sciences. In 1995, under his editorship, the first “Manual on Transplantology” in Russia was published. The most significant scientific works of V.I. Shumakova: “Modeling of physiological systems of the body”, “Organ conservation”, “Methods, modes and optimal control of the processes of preservation and restoration of cardiac transplant activity”, “Assisted circulation”, “Artificial heart”, “Artificial organs”, “Physiological problems of transplantology and the use of artificial organs", "Liver transplantation", "Pancreatic islet cell transplantation", "Modification of the surgical technique of heart transplantation", "Rejection of a transplanted heart", "Heart transplantation", "Coronary artery disease of a transplanted heart", etc.
Valery Ivanovich Shumakov was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a member of the Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
IN AND. Shumakov took the initiative to organize and create the journal “Bulletin of Transplantology and Artificial Organs,” of which he was the editor-in-chief from the founding of the journal (in 1994) until the end of his days.
IN AND. Shumakov was the president of the interregional public organization"Scientific Society of Transplantologists", Chairman of the Scientific Council on Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Chief Transplantologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Expert Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Member of the Board of the All-Russian Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons, Member international society surgeons, honorary member French Society transplantologists, member of the International Society of Artificial Organs, member of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation, member of the International Society of Transplantology, member of the American Society of Thoracic Surgeons, member of the American Society of Artificial Organs, member of the European Society of Artificial Organs, member of the European Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons, member of the European Society cardiovascular surgeons; for 20 years he was the coordinator of work within the framework of the Intergovernmental Agreement between the USSR and the USA on artificial heart and assisted circulation.
Activities of V.I. Shumakova was awarded Government awards and received wide public recognition.
In 1971, Valery Ivanovich, as part of a team of leading domestic clinical scientists led by Academician B.V. Petrovsky was awarded his first government award - the USSR State Prize for the development and implementation of kidney transplantation into clinical practice.
March 12, 1987 V.I. Shumakov performed the first successful heart transplant in the USSR. In 1998, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V.I. Shumakov and a group of employees of the institute he led were awarded the Council of Ministers Prize for the development and implementation of heart transplantation into clinical practice.
The state and the public highly appreciated the merits of the Honored Inventor of the RSFSR (1978), Hero of Socialist Labor (1990), Honorary Citizen of Moscow (1997): V.I. Shumakov was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (1995), II degree (1999), and the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (2001).
Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation V.I. Shumakov was also awarded numerous public prizes, awards, honorary medals and orders: the Academician B.P. Petrovsky “Outstanding Surgeon of the World”, a memorial medal named after Academician P.K. Anokhin, the Order of “Glory of Russia”, the Order of “Sergius of Radonezh” III degree, the Order of “Lomonosov”, “Star of Vernadsky” I degree, etc.
IN AND. Shumakov was the founder and leader of a powerful scientific school - he trained more than 50 doctors and 120 candidates of medical and biological sciences. His students - doctors, biologists, engineers, mathematicians and physicists - work in different regions Russia and neighboring countries. IN different years they were all united around V.I. Shumakova has an ardent desire to contribute to solving the problems of cardiac surgery and vital transplantation important organs, promote the development and use of artificial organs. IN AND. Shumakov became a Teacher for them. Possessing extraordinary determination, indomitable will and energy, breadth of scientific vision, he set the pace, direction and at the same time provided his students with freedom of creative search, ignited, tempered and shaped their professionalism.
Currently, the Federal Scientific Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs named after Academician V.I. Shumakov" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences S.V. Gauthier is the leading scientific institution that coordinates research on the problems of organ and tissue transplantation carried out in the country, as well as the training of medical and scientific personnel.
Preserving and developing the traditions laid down by V.I. Shumakov, the management and staff of the Center are convinced that creative activities in the field of development of clinical transplantology, creation of new technologies, and preservation of people's health are the best tribute to his memory. Today this great man is not among us, but there is a Federal Scientific Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs, which bears his name. Eat scientific school- a whole galaxy of mature and young scientists developing the projects he started, developing the foundations laid by Valery Ivanovich, continuing his work. New traditions are being created, among them the tradition of holding all-Russian conferences “Shumakov Readings”, dedicated to Valery Ivanovich’s birthday.
The first Shumakov readings were held on November 9, 2010 within the framework of the V All-Russian Congress of Transplantologists and were devoted to the problems of cardiovascular surgery and heart transplantation. November 9, 2011 on the 80th anniversary of the birth of Academician V.I. Shumakov at the Federal Scientific Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs named after. Academician V.I. Shumakov passed special events dedicated to the memory of Valery Ivanovich, in which representatives of the authorities took part state power, Ministry of Health of Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, prominent political and public figures, doctors and scientists, his friends and relatives.
The most important event of this day was the opening of the monument to Academician V.I. Shumakov in the park in front of the building of the Federal Scientific Center for Transplantology and Artificial Organs, which bears his name.
Valery Ivanovich Shumakov, photo from the website of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs.
On the night of January 26-27, at the age of 77, the founder of Russian clinical transplantology, Valery Ivanovich Shumakov, died. Full list discoveries, inventions, achievements and regalia of this outstanding person would take dozens of pages. A world-famous scientist, Shumakov was the first in the USSR to transplant a donor heart, liver and pancreas. Before last days During his life, he led the development of all areas of Russian transplantology: from transplantation of donor organs and tissues to xenotransplantation (transplantation of animal organs to humans) and the development of artificial organs. Many thousands of our fellow citizens owe their lives to Dr. Shumakov personally.
IN AND. Shumakov:
Director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, European Academy of Sciences, International Academy of Pioneers of Artificial Organs. Honorary member of the Society of Transplantologists of France, a number of Russian, international and national scientific societies. Head of the Department of Physics of Living Systems at MIPT and the Basic Department of Transplantology at MSI. Hero of Socialist Labor. Honored Inventor of the RSFSR. Winner of two USSR State Prizes and a Russian Government Prize. He was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II and III degrees, the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, Alexander Nevsky, the gold medal “Outstanding Surgeon of the World” named after. B.V. Petrovsky.
IN AND. Shumakov was born on November 9, 1931 in Moscow into the family of a civil engineer. He graduated from school No. 330 in Bolshoi Kazenny Lane, and on the first attempt he entered the medical faculty of the First Moscow Medical Institute. Sechenov, who graduated with honors in 1956. The firm decision to become a doctor appeared at school, although there was not a single doctor in the family before. A 14-year-old boy has decided forever future profession, flipping through a school textbook on human anatomy and physiology.
Dreaming of becoming a cardiac surgeon, Valery Shumakov chose to specialize in topographic anatomy, which most students consider a difficult and thankless subject. The hard-to-gain knowledge served him well - Shumakov became a rare all-round surgeon for the era of narrow specialists, performing operations not only on the heart, but also on the kidneys, lungs, liver and pancreas with equal virtuosity.
In graduate school, Valery Shumakov developed an innovative technique for palliative treatment of mitral valve insufficiency. The ideas of the young doctor attracted the attention of the luminary of Russian cardiac surgery - Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky. Petrovsky invited the young specialist to his academic group and personally used his method in treating two dozen patients. Shumakov’s master’s thesis (1959) was devoted to the surgical correction of mitral valve insufficiency: open heart surgery was introduced into clinical practice all over the world.
Having defended his doctoral dissertation on heart valve prosthetics in 1965 (the ball prosthesis he improved was used in the USSR for more than 20 years), Shumakov continued his work under the leadership of Petrovsky. At first he dealt with the problems of artificial circulation during open correction of heart defects, then he moved on to the development of an artificial heart. In 1969, at the insistence of his teacher, Valery Shumakov headed the department of transplantation and artificial organs at the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine of the USSR Ministry of Health, and since 1974 he became the head of the Research Institute of Organ and Tissue Transplantation (soon renamed the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs) under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation .
The first successful related donor kidney transplant in the USSR was performed by B.V. Petrovsky in 1965. Since that time, the country began to create transplant centers that dealt with kidney transplants from both related and cadaveric donors. Valery Shumakov managed to convince Petrovsky of the need to expand the direction of research: with his arrival at the Research Institute of Transplantology, the institute began to deal with the problems of not only donor but also artificial organs.
Thanks to the efforts of V.I. Shumakov, new scientific institution quickly turned into a multidisciplinary center uniting the best specialists across a range of industries modern science. In simulation biological systems The leading role was played by specialists in physics, mathematics, and cybernetics. The potential of defense industry, in particular, the famous OKB im. Sukhoi.
In the early 70s, Shumakov led a joint Soviet-American group to develop an artificial heart. Equal cooperation between the two superpowers in this area continued for more than 20 years. On the American side, joint research project was led by the famous heart surgeon Michael DeBakey.
Over the following years, specialists from the Research Institute of Transplantology, and primarily V.I. Shumakov himself, conducted hundreds of studies on the problem of prognosis and prevention of rejection reactions, immunosuppressive therapy, preservation and improvement of the quality of transplants. The Shumakov Research Institute took an active part in the creation of an all-Union system for the collection, storage and exchange of donor organs, actively cooperating in this area with all countries of the “Soviet bloc”.
Under Shumakov’s leadership, the first solution for preserving a donor kidney and a number of drugs to prevent rejection and organ failure in recipients were developed. The first experiments began on creating artificial biological systems that reproduce the vital functions of the liver, pancreas, and spleen. Shumakov’s team conducted the first – and very successful – experiments on pancreatic islet cell transplantation. The technique of implanting pancreatic beta cells taken from genetically modified animals into diabetic patients was also developed and put into production.
However, the main task of the Shumakov Institute is for a long time could not be fully implemented. For almost 20 years, Shumakov and his associates sought recognition of the diagnosis of brain death as sufficient grounds for organ removal. Inexplicable from the point of view common sense reasons, this concept was considered not to correspond to the norms of socialist morality.
As a result, a dead-end situation for transplantology has arisen: if kidneys taken after cardiac arrest are, in principle, suitable for transplantation, then organs such as the liver, heart and lungs must be removed only from a donor with a beating heart. The only source of such organs may be victims of traumatic brain injuries incompatible with life, but outdated standards prohibited them from being considered dead before cardiac arrest.
The situation changed only in February 1987, with the adoption by the USSR Ministry of Health of the “Temporary instructions for ascertaining death based on the diagnosis of “brain death.” The result was not long in coming: the first in the USSR successful operation The donor heart transplant was successfully performed by Shumakov on March 12, 1988. However, there were still some problems with senior management. The first attempt at a transplant, carried out after the approval was issued, was unsuccessful, and the famous surgeon was threatened with major troubles in the event of a repeated “failure.” Fortunately for Russian science, Shumakov brilliantly demonstrated the effectiveness of a new operation for the USSR: a patient with incurable heart disease lived after the transplant for more than eight years.
But time was lost: by the end of the 80s, heart, liver and other organ transplants were performed in developed countries hundreds, and the Soviet system of supporting fundamental science survived last years. Its collapse could not but affect the development of such a costly discipline as transplantology.
Only thanks to the titanic efforts of V.I. Shumakov Research Institute of Transplantology managed to survive the first post-perestroika years. In conditions of minimal funding continued research, new methods of organ transplantation were mastered. It was possible to avoid complete commercialization of the institute: in the most difficult years two thirds of patients were operated on free of charge, and full price Treatments were paid for only by citizens of foreign countries.
Work on the main project and dream of Valery Shumakov’s whole life did not stop for a minute - an artificial implantable heart that can save the patient’s life and ability to work for several years. Of course, to compete with the rapidly developing American transplantology, which is also based on Russian developments, it became more and more difficult. In 2000, when the first implantations of the AbioCor artificial heart began in the United States, Russian scientists could not find some 10 million rubles to continue research.
Now prototypes domestic artificial hearts are presented in several versions. In a number of parameters they are not only not inferior foreign analogues, but also surpass them.
Throughout his life, Valery Ivanovich Shumakov struggled with misunderstandings and prejudices that hampered the development of transplantology in our country. A lot has been accomplished: for example, thanks to Shumakov’s direct participation, representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church officially declared the admissibility of using donor organs in medicine.
Unfortunately, the spirit of the Stalinist cases of poisoning doctors in our society turned out to be too tenacious. The notorious “transplant case,” inspired by the Moscow prosecutor’s office in April 2003, almost buried the entire industry. The investigators leading the case practically did not hide the fact that their main target was the Shumakov Institute. Valery Ivanovich took the unexpected blow seriously and considered it a matter of honor to prove the complete groundlessness of the accusations and the innocence of the doctors. At the end of 2006, the “transplant surgeons’ case” was finally closed due to the lack of evidence of a crime.
Being a scientist, inventor and developer of dozens of transplant technologies and techniques, V.I. Shumakov remained an active operating surgeon until the last days of his life. Its standard work schedule included 4-5 operations per week. He personally performed about 100 heart transplants, more than 1000 kidney transplants and hundreds of other complex operations.
Valery Ivanovich Shumakov died in intensive care unit his home institute around four o'clock in the morning. The heart of the surgeon, who with his own hands transplanted hundreds of hearts to other patients, could not withstand the superhuman load. Farewell to V.I. Shumakov will take place on January 29 at 8 a.m. in the building of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs.
Mikhail Alekseev
For the first time in Russia, he successfully performed a heart, liver and pancreas transplant. It was Shumakov who created the science of temporary artificial organs that support the impaired functions of vital human organs. On January 27, at the 77th year of his life, Valery Ivanovich died suddenly. "AiF" publishes one of latest interviews famous surgeon.
No crime
Valery Ivanovich, a lot is said about the lack of money in medicine, but there is another problem - there are not enough donor organs, so patients die.
There are always not enough donors everywhere. But since in our country the press has inflated stories related to the abduction and murder of people for organs to an incredible scale, all this affects the work of transplantology. These publicized scandals have had a dramatic impact on the decline in the number of organ donations. There was even a moment when their number was zero. And sick people died without any hope of salvation.
But do you agree that transplantation (organ transplantation) is the most criminalized in our country?
I don't agree. Not a single case has been proven in Russia. In my opinion, the situation in our country is generally the least favorable for the development of criminal methods of procuring donor organs: private clinics do not have the right to engage in transplantation. Imagine: in our institute, where almost a thousand people work, there would be people who wanted to perform such operations. But excuse me: one operation requires the presence of about 20 people. Therefore, it would not have gone unnoticed. Some people think that they can make money from us by selling this or that part of the body. It happens that people come to our institute who are in dire need of money and offer to sell their kidney or something else. We have to explain that according to the law this is impossible. If we buy organs from them, we ourselves will be subject to criminal charges. There were cases when people were taken to Moldova or Turkey and operations were performed on them there. But our medicine has nothing to do with these trips.
Pig heart
- Is there anything that can be done against donor organs and thereby solve the problem of their shortage?
There are three solutions to the problem of organ donor shortage. Firstly, the creation of artificial organs that would functionally correspond to natural ones. Secondly, organ transplantation from animals, primarily from pigs. Because our closest relatives - monkeys - are very small and also suffer from specific infections. And pigs can be artificially bred almost sterile and of any size. And even choose your own pig for each person. The only problem is that the pig’s heart takes root in the body and works for a long time. The third thing is probably organ cloning. The surest and most beautiful way to solve this problem. It is also possible to grow any organ from stem cells. But for now there is more talk on this topic than action is being taken. That is why the West is ahead of our medicine. Americans may be the first to bring artificial hearts to clinical use. They are ahead for one simple reason - our scientific research is practically not funded, while millions are allocated there to solve the problem cardiovascular diseases. Which means on state security. We really have better developments in the field of artificial hearts than the Americans. And if we had the necessary funds, we would short time would bring our hearts to clinical use.
- But I know that many Western citizens go to Russia to get organ transplants...
Several years ago there were many cases when Western doctors intercepted our patients and did everything to prevent us from performing operations. Once, a rich man from Germany needed a kidney transplant. Before that, he stood in line at his German clinic for three years. He came to our institute with his personal doctor so that he can evaluate our capabilities. They liked the level of our work and agreed to the operation. But the German said that he needed two weeks to settle all his affairs. He went to Germany, where he immediately received a call from the clinic and received a transplant within a few days. Nobody needs competition.
- What do you recommend doing to reduce the risk of getting caught? hospital bed to the transplant department?
First of all - lead correct image life. And, you know, it’s very difficult to lead. I myself live by an anecdote: “A patient comes to a doctor and asks: “Doctor, what kind of life should I lead in order to live 100 years?” The doctor says: “5 thousand dollars for a consultation.” The patient pays. Doctor: “Don’t drink, don’t smoke, don’t eat fatty foods, don’t eat sweets, don’t swear, don’t fight, live only with your wife.” The patient wrote everything down and asks: “You probably also follow all these rules?” Doctor: “Even if you paid me 10 times more, I wouldn’t live like that!” That's how I am. Shoemaker without shoes.
Valery Ivanovich Shumakov - (11/9/1931 – 08/27/2008) one of the most prominent domestic surgeons, the founder of clinical transplantology in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, was the director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Inventor of the RSFSR, professor.
Childhood of Valery Ivanovich.
The future light of Russian transplantology was born in Moscow, near the Rizhsky railway station on Krestovsky Lane on November 9, 1931. His father, Ivan Vasilyevich, worked as a civil engineer, and his mother, Natalya Alekseevna, was a housewife. In 1941, Valera’s father went to the front, but unlike many of his peers, he went through it to the end and returned alive to his family. Valera spent all the difficult war years with his mother in Moscow.In the 8th grade, as Shumakov himself later said, a textbook on human anatomy made a strong impression on him. He was amazed at how complex and at the same time interesting a person is. Since childhood, he had no doubt about where to go to study after school and who to be.
Study at the institute and first scientific publications.
In 1950, young Valery Ivanovich graduated from school and successfully entered the First Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov at the USSR Ministry of Health.The childhood dream of being a doctor helped the newly minted student overcome all difficulties in his studies. He firmly decided to become a professional, highly qualified surgeon. In his third year at the institute, Shumakov published his first scientific work, which was then published in the journal “Surgery” for 1955. This first work of his was devoted to the use of novocaine solution in vascular operations. In the same year, 1955, Valery Ivanovich made a report at a session of the scientific student society.
Postgraduate studies and the beginning of cooperation with B.V. Petrovsky.
In 1956, Shumakov graduated with honors from the institute and entered graduate school. To continue his studies, he chose the school headed by Professor V.V. Kovanov Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery. Those years were a real heyday of cardiac surgery, it is no coincidence that this direction future professor dedicated his first independent Scientific research. He created a method for treating mitral valve insufficiency.This research immediately attracted the attention of leading Russian doctors to the young surgeon - the method he proposed was so original and revolutionary. One of those interested in the young talent was B.V. Petrovsky, a famous heart surgeon at that time. He decided to apply new method in your practice.
In 1959, Valery Ivanovich defended his Ph.D. thesis, which was also devoted to the mitral valve and its defects. After his defense, the young candidate of sciences was invited by Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky to his scientific group as a junior research fellow. This collaboration between the two doctors was extremely fruitful for both of them and lasted more than 15 years.
Business trip to the USA and design of an artificial heart.
In 1961, at the height of cold war, Valery Ivanovich was sent on a business trip to the United States, where he studied the achievements of Western medicine and adopted the experience of leading American doctors. It was in the USA that the surgeon became acquainted with artificial blood circulation machines and learned about the latest techniques for open-heart surgery.
After such a fruitful business trip, Shumakov performed his first independent open-heart operations. It was at this time that he began to move towards realizing his main goal- for heart transplantation.
In the mid-sixties, already an accomplished surgeon, he was designing new artificial heart valves. And again he was successful - the model he developed was considered so perfect that it was used over the next 20 years.
In total, during his life, Valery Ivanovich will receive more than two hundred different invention certificates, and in 1978 he was even awarded the title of Honored Inventor of the RSFSR.
Beginning of research in the field of transplantation.
In 1969, he became the head of a completely new direction at the research institute under the USSR Ministry of Health - the department of artificial organs and transplantation.In the 70s, a leading Soviet transplantologist led a specially created joint group of Soviet and American researchers who worked together to develop an artificial heart.
At the same time, a prominent domestic researcher took up the problem of rejection of artificial organs. It was thanks to Shumakov that drugs were first created that prevented organ rejection and a special solution that preserved a donor kidney.
Despite all the efforts of Valery Ivanovich, Soviet transplantology began to lag significantly behind Western ones. By the end of the 80s, due to well-known economic difficulties, this branch of medicine was on the brink of survival.
The struggle for the survival of the institute and social activities.
Shumakov had to spend the first years after the collapse of the USSR trying to somehow support the work of the institute, which was chronically lacking in funding. Thanks to his incredible dedication, the institute was saved and even managed to avoid the commercialization of all operations.
In addition to struggling with financial difficulties and your immediate research activities, Valery Ivanovich was also involved in social activities. The most important thing for him was to change the attitude of society and every person towards organ transplantation, so that large quantity people were allowed to use their organs after death to help those in need of surgery.
Despite his advanced age, Shumakov continued to operate even in the 21st century. He performed up to 5 complex operations for organ transplants per week. Heavy loads had a negative impact on Valery Ivanovich’s health - on January 27, 2008, he died within the walls of his home institute from acute heart failure. His name will forever remain in the history of Russian medicine, and his favorite business, transplantation, continues to actively develop, helping the lives of thousands of people around the world.
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