Pros and cons of recycling plastic. The principle of self-recycling plastic

For and topic today building a plastic recycling business.

As you know, PET plastic bottles and other types of plastic are practically resistant to rotting; you cannot burn such material, as it brings great harm environment and as a rule, it is simply buried by tractors in city landfills.

At one time, I myself became interested in the topic of recycling recyclable materials and I conducted a kind of research on this issue.

As it turned out, not everything is as simple as I thought (in general, it’s always been like this), all landfills are controlled by special organizations and, as they say, everything is “captured”; I couldn’t get access to the garbage, no matter how funny it sounds, since this market has been divided for a long time and as they say, the channels are established.

Therefore, a newcomer to the plastic processing business may have problems right at the very beginning - these are the raw materials for processing. If you manage to resolve this issue, then your business is 50% successful.

You can, of course, set up plastic collection points, as well as place special ones around the city garbage bins with separation into paper, glass and plastic (as is done in most countries of the world), but here again there is a problem with the mentality of the Russian person, he doesn’t care what and where to throw, so you can find anything in your plastic container.

This was a preface to the business plan based on my own observations.

PET bottle recycling business plan

It is necessary to start this business with official registration of the business, for this it is necessary. I offer it as the most best option.

When registering an LLC, you must select the type of activity:

37.20 Treatment of non-metallic waste and scrap

It is quite enough to indicate this group to engage in this business, but in general we are interested in a subgroup ( 37.20.2 Treatment of waste and scrap plastics), but this subgroup is included in the group that I indicated initially and therefore indicate it as much as you can if something happens, engage in all types of processing that are included in the group:

1. Rubber waste treatment;
2. Processing of waste and scrap plastics;
3. Processing of waste and scrap glass;
4. Treatment of waste textile materials;
5. Processing of paper and cardboard waste;
6. Treatment of waste gemstones.

So if you choose OKVED 37.02, you will be able to use all of the listed activities.

Taxation on PET recycling

I would choose as a taxation system, this is due to the fact that UTII cannot be used, and there are not so many expenses in this business. Although it is still worth making calculations using the simplified tax system (15%), perhaps in your case such a tax will be more profitable. But I'm still inclined to USN Income (6%).

Premises for organizing processing

Regarding the processing room plastic bottles PET, then you need to look for it in the industrial zone. The area must be large enough to accommodate all equipment.

In some cities, targeted programs are carried out and businesses that process waste are given various discounts and preferences. You may even be able to rent premises from the administration.

The probability is certainly not great, but it’s still worth a try. In this case, the cost of renting the premises will be mere pennies, and in some cases it will be free. Since every city is interested in improving environmental situation.

What equipment is required for processing?

After you find a location for your PET bottle recycling business, you should start choosing equipment.

Processing equipment can be purchased in modules, or you can purchase an entire processing line at once.

I would choose the second option. I also want to note that you should not purchase used equipment. It's better to overpay and get a new line.

Composition of the PET bottles recycling line:

1. Installation for removing paper and removing covers;
2. Crusher. Cuts plastic into small pieces;
3. Steam boiler. Eliminates unnecessary elements from the resulting mass (using hot water);
4. Polishing machine;
5. Rinsing machine;
6. Dryer. The cleaned plastic is dried in it. After all the procedures, a flex is obtained, which is placed in a special bunker.

Flex is a recycled material used to produce new PET bottles (looks like plastic flakes).

As I said earlier, I recommend purchasing a full-cycle line; almost every manufacturer also provides a supervision installation service. That is, specialists come and install the line, as well as start processing and receive the first batch of flex.

PET bottle recycling process

Before starting a plastic bottle recycling business, an entrepreneur should become familiar with the recycling process itself.

Let's look at what you need to know about the recycling process:

1. PET bottle distribution. Before entering the line, bottles must be sorted by color;
2. Bottle cleaning. Each bottle must be cleaned of debris: paper, rubber and other debris that may get on the bottle;
3. Delivery to the processing line. After the first two points, you can start the line for processing and pressing, the most interesting thing: the first 2 points are done manually.

Where can I get raw materials for processing?

I already touched on this issue at the beginning of the article, so let’s determine where you can get raw materials for your processing business:

• Enter into an agreement with the city landfill. Trying, as they say, is not torture, you may be able to do it, so try by any means;
• Reception points. Open collection points for PET bottles around the city; for little money you can start accepting raw materials this way;
• Bins for plastic. It is better to place several bins: for plastic, paper and glass, because otherwise they will throw everything into your lonely trash bin. It is necessary to place ballot boxes around the city in crowded places. Please coordinate this issue with the administration in advance. 90% of the time they will not mind, but it is necessary to agree.

Profitability of PET recycling business

Let's look at the profitability of such a business. It’s really quite difficult to do this, since there are many unknowns: rent (perhaps the administration will even give you a place for your activity free of charge), the supply of raw materials, the equipment you will purchase, the amount of employees’ salaries, etc. Everything may differ depending on the region in which you open a processing business.

So I'll give you the average cost for recycling plastic bottles:

1. Equipment (mid price category) – RUB 3,000,000;
2. Costs for raw materials for processing - 30,000 rubles;
3. Salaries of workers for 6 people - 120,000 rubles.
4. Costs for contributions to the Pension Fund, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Social Insurance Fund - about 40,000 rubles.
5. Utility bills are about 10,000 rubles.

That's probably all! You can ask questions in the VK group, the link to it is at the beginning of the article, or you can simply ask directly in the comments to the article.

Happy business! Bye!

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The problem of disposal and recycling of PET bottles is one of the most pressing. This is due to the fact that issues of improving the environmental situation and returning them back to production are quite acute.

In order for the line for processing such bottles to develop more and more, it is proposed various events for the collection and sorting of such waste.

The problem of recycling polyethylene terephthalate

PET recycling is a problem in big cities. Immediately after the holidays, all the streets of the city are littered with great amount plastic glasses and bottles. In addition, the same waste can be seen in places where vacationers often gather. But they think about the fact that plastic is an essential ecological problem, which concerns absolutely everyone.

If you seriously take up such a just cause and build your own business, the main task of which will be the processing of such waste, then it is quite possible to provide for yourself financially, while saving the environment. This type of business is considered the easiest to open.

Organs local government They often meet halfway and also help in every possible way those who wish to open enterprises of this kind. IN modern times Bottle recycling is one of the most profitable segments of the entire recycling market.

Business plan

A business based on processing this type of waste is profitable in every sense:

• Relatively small investment in equipment (more on this below).
• A huge amount of potential raw materials. Every year, each person throws out about 300 kilograms of garbage, and a third of this number, ≈ 100 kilograms, are PET bottles.
• Such activities are encouraged by the state by reducing or completely eliminating some taxes. It is worth adding this to the plan when developing it.
• Fairly quick payback. From 2 to 3 years.

PET collection and sorting process

Conventionally, the processing process can be divided into 5 stages:

1. Plan for collecting PET containers. There are several ways to collect raw materials:
   • Waste collection points.
   • Collection on garbage dumps, for this you will have to conclude an agreement with the owner.
   • Place containers on the streets for sorting waste: plastic, paper and glass. It is considered the most civilized method, but in the realities of Russia it is practically irrelevant due to the low environmental culture of the country’s inhabitants. It will be much easier and more effective to enter into an agreement with the owner of the landfill.
2. Sorting plan. As a rule, PET bottles are divided into painted and unpainted. After which each color is processed separately.
3. Selection. From the general raw materials, it is necessary to select polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bottles. Such waste is processed using a different technology.
4. Cleaning. Foreign objects in the trash are removed.
5. Pressing. Each type of bottle is pressed into square bales of various sizes. They are immersed in specialized equipment, which in the future converts the raw material into flexible material.

Expenses and income

It is impossible to open a business without investment. But there is a nuance: such activities are extremely useful for the city, so the administration will do everything possible to support your desire to open such a business.

To do this you will need:

• 3,000,000 rubles for equipment.
• 30,000 rubles for initial raw materials.
• 10,000 rubles for utilities.
• 120,000 rubles for wages.

This is approximately 3,200,000. It seems that the amount is quite large, but the monthly income from such production is about 200,000 rubles. And the payback period, as mentioned above, is 2 - 3 years.

Recycling polyethylene bottles

Next we move on to a thorough one. The line for recycling such bottles (clean and contaminated) processes waste into materials that can be reused - flakes (flex), and subsequently into granules.

Bottles are being recycled full cycle for thorough washing and cleaning from various types of dirt and oil types of contaminants. In addition to this sorting, other operations are performed in automatic mode, which is a waste sorting line.

The most standard configuration consists of two sections:

1. Washing and complete grinding.
2. Granulation of the resulting flakes.

The further granulation process of the flakes is carried out using a special parallel twin-screw extruder.

Recycling of polyethylene bottles

The processing line allows the finished material to be used in various industries:

• As an additive to the base material for the manufacture of new products.
• For the production and receipt of bottles for a wide variety of technical purposes.
• During the process of compounding and fusion with various types plastics.
• In addition, recycled material can be used to make building materials.

Most people will notice this problem probably only when a huge amount of waste envelops us completely. Bottle recycling is serious problem, for which it is not so difficult to create a business plan. Today this activity is a very profitable activity, despite the fact that you will have to purchase special equipment.

It’s no longer news to anyone that a plastic bottle takes several decades to decompose. And it is no longer possible to remember how we lived without them before. Meanwhile, they lived wonderfully. Drinks were sold in glass containers and often, in order to buy milk, kefir or lemonade, you had to return the same number of bottles that you would like to buy.

Young people think this is some kind of medieval savagery. But only some 25 years have passed since the day when plastic poured into our market. Therefore, the question of how to recycle plastic bottles is quite important.

Global environmental problem

And before, the approach was much more civilized than what is happening now. It’s enough just to take a look at the landscape on any city beach, park or even in the forest many kilometers from the city.

In the Moscow region, only unauthorized landfills occupy 1.5 thousand hectares.

About 10 million tons of PET are produced annually in the world. In Russia, tons of PET bottles are taken to landfills, where they are burned and buried.

This waste accumulates, poisoning the air, soil and water. This is a global environmental problem. Europe has already begun to more or less cope with this problem. By the way, PET containers are not that good. It allows ultraviolet light and oxygen to pass through, and also does not retain carbon dioxide inside, and this greatly reduces the shelf life of the product.

Such a market has not yet been fully developed

But there is also a plus: PET containers are subject to recycling. Insulation for jackets and filling for soft toys, the so-called artificial wool, which is used to produce knitwear, etc. So in the UK, about 70% of bottles are recycled, in Germany - 85%, and in Sweden - 95%. And in Russia it is only 6%. This suggests that this market still very far from saturation. Thus, this is a tasty morsel for investors. Therefore, it is worth considering a business plan.

Recycling of plastic bottles, namely the organization of this business, should begin with the following: you need to find out whether there are any grandees in the region of interest or any government support for this type of business. Then you need to register entity and you can start looking for production space and an office.

Searching for premises and obtaining documents

For manufacturing enterprise for processing PET containers, you need to find a room with an area of ​​at least 3 thousand square meters. m. It is best to look for it in the suburbs. Abandoned factory, warehouse, hangar. If only it would fit the area, and communications would be provided. The room will have to be divided into three parts: manufacturing facility, raw material warehouse, warehouse finished products. This must be taken into account when designing a business plan.

Recycling of plastic bottles is possible only with certain licenses and various approvals from services such as the SES and the fire organization. To receive all necessary documentation you will need about 200 thousand rubles.

What equipment will be needed?

Equipment for processing plastic bottles will cost approximately 4 million rubles. You need to be prepared to pay another 400 thousand for its installation and commissioning. Add to list necessary equipment includes a granulation line, a rotary grinder and an agglomerator.

You can get by with domestically produced equipment. Such a line for processing PET bottles will cost approximately up to 1 million rubles. But then you need to be prepared for low production capacity and frequent line breakdowns.

However, it should be borne in mind that bottles can be used not only for the production of any other goods. Raw materials can be used to produce energy. This is the so-called pyrolysis recycling of plastic bottles. But this process requires the purchase of additional equipment.

What nuances need to be taken into account when drawing up a business plan?

Recycling plastic bottles without raw materials is impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to purchase it. And this is a difficult question. Raw materials can be purchased from landfills. You will have to travel around a certain number of similar places, agree on the price, discuss the presence or absence of caps on the bottles. You can organize collection points for plastic containers. It would be good if one of these points was right next to the workshop. This will save transportation costs.

Why should you discuss the issue of traffic jams in advance? The whole point is that the complexity of the pressing process will be increased due to the presence of air in the bottle. Taking into account the fact that many begin their activities on weak lines, their breakdown is possible.

Accordingly, it will be necessary to hire employees who will manually check bottles for corks. And this entails additional expenses. Based on the foregoing, it can be noted that such an important aspect must be discussed in advance with the supplier. Otherwise, it will be difficult to recycle plastic bottles.

Waste sorting technology

The habit of sorting garbage in Russia has not yet formed. But, for example, in England it is as natural as breathing. How could it be otherwise if the fine for improperly sorting waste is £1,000? Each type of waste (there are three) is collected only on a certain day of the week. And if the owner of the house confuses the days and places the bin with the wrong type of garbage, he will be fined again. The Germans also sort garbage.

The first type of waste is food waste. This waste is used to feed livestock and is also used as fuel in some energy industry enterprises. Paper is thrown away separately from cardboard, as the recycling methods for these wastes are different. Glass bottles different colors- in different tanks.

Old clothes and shoes are placed in special containers near stores, churches and parking lots. The batteries will have to be taken to the nearest supermarket and thrown into a special bin for batteries. Another tank for plastic and metal. And one more for the "rest".

Everything is not as absurd as it might seem at first glance

At first, it may seem to our person that he has found himself in a “world of the absurd.” It's no joke, about 10 different garbage cans. And in Germany, stores take a deposit (about 25 cents) for each bottle. If you return the bottles, you get your money back. And so it is in almost all European countries. There is hope that the rest will “wake up” soon. In the meantime, residents of high-rise buildings do not really understand why instead of one tank in the yard there are now two.

Capacity Planning

You can plan labor costs based on production capacity. That is, a number of questions need to be answered. How many workers are needed at full load and shift work? How many drivers are there to deliver raw materials and ship finished products? Do you need an electrician, plumber, or janitor on staff? And also plan the salaries of the storekeeper, receptionist, loaders, accountant, and sales manager.

Sales of received products

All that remains is to organize sales of the products. From 50 tons of PET waste, about 40 tons of recyclable materials will be obtained. Recipients of commercial proposals can be manufacturers of disposable tableware, packaging film, fiber producers for weaving factories, soft toy factories and many others. List potential clients contact details can be found on the Internet. And then create a price offer, a system of discounts, a payment method - and the commercial offer is ready.

It is necessary to assess the competitiveness of this area

In order not to sit and think later why sales are not happening, you first need to familiarize yourself with the competitors’ offers. The best way to do this is to design a business plan. Recycling plastic bottles requires clear answers next questions: what do we sell, to whom, at what price?

The amount of initial capital

Summarizing all of the above, we can note the factor that organizing your own business recycling bottles will require about 5 million rubles. This amount will include equipment for processing plastic bottles, the rental of the necessary premises, and the search for personnel. However, it is worth understanding that your own enterprise we need to constantly improve. Otherwise, it will not bring the expected income.

Conclusion

If plastic recycling, the business plan for which was described above, is organized correctly, then such an entrepreneurial idea will pay off within two years. Plus the satisfaction that this is an extremely important matter for environmental health. We cannot yet change the planet like an apartment. Therefore, it would be good to learn to live on this.

The problem of waste disposal around the world is of increased interest from business, since in most countries the government strongly promotes entrepreneurship in this area. A particularly popular area is the recycling of plastic containers, including plastic bottles.

The so-called flex is made from bottles. This is a substance that is used to make various polyethylene teraflate (PET) products.

Products obtained from the processing of plastic bottles

Flex is a material that is the basis of plastic products and consists of round-shaped plastic lumps, which, depending on the purity (amount of additional impurities), can vary from white (transparent) to brown.

PET waste, which is used to produce flex, is generated in two ways. This is waste from the production of plastic containers and household waste, after using the bottles for their intended purpose. Moreover, the share industrial waste is also significant and amounts to about three percent of the total volume of recycled PET.

Depending on the technological process used to process plastic bottles, flexible products of varying quality (purity) are obtained. Accordingly, high-quality flex costs more. Low quality can be used in the production of a limited range of PET products.

Technological process for recycling plastic bottles

For recycling plastic bottles, manufacturers present Various types equipment. The most efficient are automated PET processing lines. Such lines carry out the production of flex, starting with the dismantling of packaging bales and ending with the packaging of the finished flex.

To obtain a cleaner flake, the processing equipment includes a so-called pre-cleaning system, which allows you to more thoroughly prepare the waste for processing.

In such cases technological process PET processing and flexible production can be divided into the following stages:

• collection and sorting of used plastic containers
• pressing PET bottles into bales;
• transportation of bales;
• dismantling shipping bales using a pressing machine;
• primary screening from foreign objects;
• bottle sorting
• shredding PET bottles using a special cutter;
• air separation, which allows you to remove lighter parts of waste (for example labels);
• washing out crushed waste in special active solutions to remove dirt and liquid residues;
• flotation of raw materials and their rinsing;
• grinding into smaller fractions;
• repeated air separation;
• processing of raw materials in a special device, where complete or partial melting of raw materials, its filtration and strand granulation are carried out;
• packaging of the finished product.

Also, to improve the quality of the flex, additional technological operations can be used that will increase the viscosity of the flex using the polycondensation process.

Equipment for recycling plastic bottles

Depending on how complete the processing cycle the equipment allows, it is divided into multifunctional (system) And one functional (performing one function, for example granulating raw material flakes).

In most cases, one functional equipment is used in conjunction with big amount manual labor. In such cases, automated processes for preparing and transporting raw materials are performed manually.

Manual production is ineffective and usually the quality of the resulting product leaves much to be desired. Multifunctional equipment significantly more expensive at the acquisition stage, but its use allows for large-scale and high-quality production of flex.

Recycling plastic bottles – interesting option business, but it requires quite rare and expensive equipment. A good addition or maybe a replacement for this could be:

All this diversity is associated with plastic and the equipment intersects in one way or another. That is in simple language, instead of one business, you can conduct several at once. Don't be lazy and read.

Depending on the degree of automation of production processes, PET processing equipment can be divided into:

1. Mechanized.
2. Semi-automatic.
3. Automatic.

Mechanized equipment quite rarely used, as it carries the risk of producing low-quality flex. Typically, such equipment can be part of complex lines to replace more expensive automated units.

Semi-automatic equipment has become most widespread, since at a fairly competitive price it allows you to obtain high-quality flex and ensure mass production. Moreover, depending on the degree of automation of individual processes, such equipment can significantly reduce the amount of manual labor and increase the speed and volume of production.

Automatic equipment allows you to completely eliminate manual labor for recycling PET waste. In this case, control and management of the process is carried out using special software.

The latter is the most expensive and is mainly used in large enterprises along with the production of PET products. To service it, special service companies are usually hired, and only trained specialists can manage the process.

Video: PET recycling line.

To perform technological operations for processing plastic bottles, the following equipment is used:

• plastic container shredders - they can be used at several stages of preparing flakes to give them a given size and usually consist of a system of rotary knives, can be equipped with a cyclone, a screen for sound insulation, as well as a cleaning module;
• The granulator is the main unit in the PET processing line, which is designed to heat the flakes to the temperature specified by the recipe (depending on the degree of melting). It also produces filtration and strand granulation;
• air separators - can be used in several places in the line for preparing raw materials for granulation. They work to separate the calculated flake sizes from both smaller fractions and additional debris (such as stickers, paper, etc.). At the same time, with the help of an air flow, fractions are separated depending on their weight and density;
• washing modules;
• transport conveyors – used in multifunctional equipment complexes at different stages production process. They provide high level automation, and can also be involved in the primary sorting of raw materials.
• unloading and loading manipulators;
• Flex packaging lines.

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from hazard classes 1 to 5

We work with all regions of Russia. Valid license. A complete set of closing documents. Individual approach to the client and flexible pricing policy.

Using this form, you can submit a request for services, request a commercial offer, or receive a free consultation from our specialists.

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Modern man in everyday life surrounds a large number of waste and today the issue of plastic recycling is extremely relevant. Products made from this material are found everywhere, from toothbrushes to parts of large structures. Even the place glassware confidently, albeit gradually, is being taken over by plastic containers.

This trend is easily explained - plastic containers do not break, do not overheat, and do not become cloudy over time. Besides, plastic products They are cheaper, more convenient to transport and do not cause injury even if damaged. But plastic products pollute nature if not disposed of correctly. Their main disadvantage is that they do not rot! That's why huge landfills are full of plastic bags, bottles, cans and dishes. The question arises: can this be done in a way that is safe for nature?

Classification of plastic products

From the total mass of plastic, thermosetting and thermoplastic groups can be distinguished, but the process of obtaining products in both cases involves forming the product in special presses or using equipment that creates the product. The difference between the groups is the possibility of cyclical circulation.

• Thermosetting types of plastic harden after melting and are no longer suitable for processing, as they begin to char. An example is polystyrene, which is used in the production of electrical sockets and plugs.
• Thermoplastic plastics can be recycled many times. This is, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene, which can be melted many times, but the material becomes less durable. In particular, polyethylene becomes cloudy and brittle when heated. You can’t count on the quality of what you create, but you can use the material on simple things like plates and vases.

Recycling of plastic bottles is considered one of the pressing environmental problems; significant amounts are stored in landfills. Since they do not rot, and when burned, they release toxic fumes into the atmosphere, sorting of plastic and subsequent recycling is necessary.

PET is a fairly popular recyclable material, which is a source for polymers. Unfortunately, the mechanism has not yet been worked out and, accordingly, is far from perfect.

Even a small town throws away more than 20 tons of PET bottles every year and the volume of waste continues to grow. It turns out that this is a forced measure that allows us to delay an environmental catastrophe.

Recycling principle

In the majority foreign countries replaced by cyclic waste-free production. In Russia, such a movement is at the stage of development. If we count the total amount of PET waste in landfills, then it would be enough for all operating enterprises capable of processing plastic and plastic. In the meantime, in Russia only 10% of total number plastic, and, mainly, this is part of production waste and very little consumption waste.

Classification of PET waste

In residential buildings it is discarded small part of the total amount of recycled plastic. And here most given by enterprises and shopping centers where goods and cargo are packed and unpacked. You can classify waste according to the complexity and cost of processing.

Clean waste obtained from any production, in places with well-established conditions, has the necessary properties. separate collection and sorting. This medical waste, plastic containers and PET. The profitability of processing is high.

Average properties for similar waste with some amount of contamination and with intended use in the food sector. Collection and recycling of plastic bottles in this option is complicated by the costs of sorting and washing the products.

Difficult disposal of bottles and bad properties material - in production associated with automotive or household appliances. The collection and processing of such materials has low profitability, so this is practically not done in Russia.

A classification can be distinguished by types and types of polymers:

1. Waste of large-capacity and expensive plastics with a developed sales market and high technical equipment. This includes film, piece plastic, disposable tableware and fibers, as well as PVC.
2. Packaging and production waste, which currently does not have a developed market. This includes used PET containers, films for food packaging, disposable tableware and materials for thermal insulation, as well as old materials for construction.

By disposal method and degree environmental damage Four types can be distinguished:

• Recyclable is 10% of the total mass of polymers.
• Allowing monomers or artificial fuel. This promising direction processing with one drawback - high cost.
• Waste that is burned to produce heat and electrical energy. All you need to do is grind the materials for recycling.
• Waste that can be buried in general purpose landfills without much harm.

Processing methods

A recycling business can be quite profitable, as it seriously helps reduce packaging costs, but plastic can also be used for other purposes. Types of recycling plastic bottles at home:

• Firstly, you can use plastic for construction at home. To do this, the waste is pressed and blocks are prepared with the addition of shavings.
• Secondly, bottles can be used to produce dolls, cups and other souvenirs.

Main technological stages of processing

1. First, bottles are collected and then sorted.
2. The second stage is crushing. This requires special technical equipment to obtain flex.
3. Now the flex should be washed using caustic soda. The resulting mass goes into a centrifuge to separate paper and other foreign elements. This is the so-called flotation process, which also removes rings and bottle caps.
4. Flex packaging is the final stage, which allows for sale.
5. Agglomeration and granulation can be used to obtain a more convenient and high-quality product. In essence, this is sintering of flex into granules.

All in total technical equipment This process will cost several tens of thousands of dollars. It will not be possible to process such production at home, but it is a great idea for business.