The F-1 grenade (Fig. 159) was developed in 1939 by F. I. Khrameev based on the model of the French fragmentation grenade F-1 mod. 1915. Ignition of the remote composition primer is carried out by an impact mechanism. In 1941, the UZRG fuse of the E.M. Viceni system, which was easier to manufacture and handle, was adopted. In addition to the “limon”, the grenade was also nicknamed “fenusha” by the troops. The F-1 grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a UZRGM fuse. The thick-walled body is made of cast iron with an external notch. The hole for the fuse is closed with a plastic plug when storing the grenade. When the body breaks, it produces 290 large, heavy fragments with an initial expansion speed of about 730 m/s. In this case, 38% of the mass of the body is used to form lethal fragments, the rest is simply sprayed. The reduced area of scattering of fragments is 75-82 sq.m.
RGD-5 offensive hand grenade
Rice. 160 RGD-5 offensive hand grenade
The RGD-5 hand grenade (Fig. 160) belongs to the offensive-type anti-personnel fragmentation hand grenades of remote action. This means that it is designed to destroy enemy personnel with hull fragments when it explodes. A grenade is delivered to the target only by throwing it with the soldier’s hand. Remote action - means that the grenade will explode after a certain period of time (3.2-4.2 seconds) regardless of other conditions after the soldier releases it from his hands. Offensive type - means that the grenade fragments have a small mass and fly at a distance shorter than the possible throw range. Externally, the grenade has an oval body made of thin steel. General all grenades with a 400 gr fuse. The explosive charge is TNT weighing 110 grams. The grenade fuse is universal, also suitable for RG-41, F-1, RG-42 grenades. Mark fuse UZRGM. A pomegranate is slightly smaller in size than a can of condensed milk. A combat grenade is painted in green color(from khaki to dark green). The training simulation grenade is painted black. In addition, it has a hole at the bottom. The fighting fuse has no color. In the training-imitation fuse, the pin ring and the lower part of the pressure lever are painted scarlet. In the picture on the left is a combat grenade, on the right is a training and simulation grenade. The possible throwing range depends on the physical qualities of the soldier and averages 45-55 meters. The scattering range of fragments is about 15-20 meters. To use a grenade, you need to straighten the antennae of the safety pin, take the grenade in your right hand so that your fingers press the lever to the body. Before throwing a grenade, thread it forefinger with your left hand into the pin ring, pull out the pin. The grenade can continue to remain in the hand for as long as desired, because Until the lever is released, the firing pin cannot break the primer. After choosing the moment of the throw and the target, throw a grenade at the target. At this moment, the lever will rotate under the influence of the striker spring, releasing the striker, and fly to the side. The drummer will hit the primer and after 3.2-4.2 seconds. there will be an explosion. The RGD-5 grenade was developed and put into service after the experience of the Second World War showed that the range of fragments of the RG-42 offensive grenade often exceeded the throwing range and was dangerous for the grenade launcher. RGD-5 grenades are packed in wooden boxes 20 pieces each. UZRGM fuses are stored in the same box separately in two metal hermetically sealed jars (10 pieces per jar). Box weight 14 kg.
Hand grenades RGN, RGO
Rice. 161 Anti-personnel hand grenades A– RGN; b– Russian Geographical Society
RGN grenade (Fig. 161 a) is an offensive type grenade and is designed to destroy enemy personnel. Structurally, it consists of a body, an explosive mixture, a detonation bomb and a fuse. The RGN grenade produces 220 fragments weighing 0.42 g each, with an expansion speed of 1200 m/sec. The reduced fragment scattering area is 95-96 sq.m (RGD-5 is only 28-32 sq.m). The housing is designed to contain an explosive mixture, a detonator bomb, and also to form fragments when a grenade explodes. The body consists of two hemispheres made of aluminum alloy. In the upper part of the body, using a cuff, a glass with a thread is rolled in for screwing the fuse into it and ensuring the sealing of the explosive mixture. The detonator block serves to transfer detonation from the fuse to the explosive mixture. To prevent the checker from moving, a spacer is placed. The impact-remote fuse is designed to detonate an explosive mixture when a grenade hits an obstacle. In case of failure of the impact action, the igniter is triggered by a remote device in 3.2-4.2 seconds. The remote device ensures that the detonator is activated in 3.2-4.2 seconds. after throwing a grenade. It consists of a bushing with compounds and a detonator capsule. The long-range cocking mechanism ensures safety in official handling and cocking of the fuse within 1-1.8 seconds from the moment the grenade is thrown. It consists of a bushing with compounds, a stopper, a slider, a capsule, and a spring. The detonator assembly consists of a detonator capsule and a bushing.
RGO grenade (Fig. 161 b) is a defensive type grenade and is designed to destroy enemy personnel. The general structure of the RGO grenade is similar to the RGN, except that the RGO body has 2 internal hemispheres in addition to 2 outer hemispheres to increase the number of fragments. All four hemispheres are made of steel. The lower hemisphere has a notch on the outer surface. RGO produces 600-700 lethal fragments. The mass of each is 0.46 g, the expansion speed is 1600 m/s. The scattering area of fragments is 213-286 sq.m.
Purpose and combat properties of the grenade
The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade is a remote-action grenade designed to destroy enemy personnel in offensive and defensive situations. Throwing a grenade is carried out from various positions when operating on foot and on an armored personnel carrier (vehicle). The radius of dispersion of lethal grenade fragments is about 25 m.
The average throw range of a grenade is 40-50 m.
The weight of the equipped grenade is 310 g.
The burning time of the retarder is 3.2 - 4.2 seconds.
General structure and classification of the RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade and fuses for them.
The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade (Fig. 3) consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, a bursting charge and a fuse.
1 - body; 2 - fuse: 3 - explosive charge; 4 - cap; 5 — cap liner; 6 - tube for igniter; 7 - cuff; 8 - pallet; 9 - pallet liner
The body of the grenade serves to house the explosive charge, the fuse tube, and also to form fragments when the grenade explodes. It consists of two parts - upper and lower.
Top part The housing consists of an outer shell, called a cap, and a cap liner. An igniter tube is attached to the upper part using a cuff. The tube serves to attach the fuse to the grenade and to seal the explosive charge in the body.
To protect the tube from contamination, a plastic plug is screwed into it. When preparing a grenade for throwing, instead of a plug, a fuse is screwed into the tube.
The lower part of the housing consists of an outer shell, called the pan, and a pan liner.
The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
The device of the fuse, the operation of parts and mechanisms of the grenade
The fuse of the UZRGM grenade (UZRGM-2) (a modernized unified hand grenade fuse) is intended to explode the explosive charge (Fig. 4). It consists of impact mechanism and actually sunk.
Rice. 4. UZRGM grenade fuse (UZRGM-2): A - general form; b - in section:
1 - drum tube mechanism; 2 - connecting sleeve; 3 - guide washer; 4 - mainspring 5 — drummer; 6 - striker washer; 7 - release lever; 8 - safety pin; 9 - retarder bushing; 10 - moderator; eleven - igniter primer; 12 - detonator cap.
The impact mechanism serves to ignite the igniter primer. It consists of a hammer tube, a connecting sleeve, a guide washer, a mainspring, a firing pin, a firing pin washer, a trigger lever and a safety pin with a ring.
The impact mechanism tube is the basis for assembling all parts of the igniter.
The connecting sleeve is used to connect the igniter with a grenade body. It is placed on the bottom of the impact mechanism tube.
The guide washer is a stop for the upper end of the mainspring and directs the movement of the firing pin. It is fixed in the upper part of the impact mechanism tube.
The mainspring serves to provide the striker with the energy necessary to puncture the igniter primer. It is put on the striker and its upper end rests against the guide washer, and its lower end against the striker washer.
The firing pin (Fig. 5) serves to puncture and ignite the igniter primer. It is placed inside the impact tube.
Rice. 5. Striker and striker washer:
1- sting; 2 - protrusions for supporting the washer; 3 - groove for the trigger lever fork; 4 - striker washer
The firing pin washer is placed on the lower end of the firing pin and serves as a stop for the lower end of the mainspring.
The trigger lever (Fig. 6) serves to hold the firing pin in the cocked position (the mainspring is compressed). The trigger lever is held on the hammer tube by a safety pin.
Rice. 6. Trigger lever:
1 - fork; 2 - eyelet with holes for safety pin
The safety pin (Fig. 7) passes through the holes in the eye of the trigger lever and the walls of the impact mechanism tube. It has a ring for pulling it out.
The fuse itself (see Fig. 4) serves to explode the explosive charge of the grenade. It consists of a retarder sleeve, an igniter primer, a moderator and a detonator primer.
Retarder bushingthe top part has a threadfor connection to a tubeimpact mechanism and socketto for primer-ignitionbody, inside - a channel in whichfits slowbody, outside - groovefor attaching the detonator capsule sleeve.
The igniter primer is designed to ignite the moderator.
The retarder transmits a beam of fire from the igniter primer to the detonator primer. It consists of a pressed low-gas composition.
The detonator capsule is used to explode the explosive charge of the grenade. It is placed in a sleeve attached to the bottom of the retarder bushing.
The fuses are always in a firing position. It is strictly prohibited to disassemble fuses and check the operation of the striking mechanism.
Position of parts and mechanisms before and after the throw
Before throwing a grenade. Take the grenade out of the bag, unscrew the plug from the tube, and screw the fuse in its place until it stops. The parts of the impact mechanism of the fuse are in the following position: the striker is cocked and held in the upper position by the fork of the trigger lever connected to the impact tube safety pin mechanism. The ends of the safety pin are spread apart and firmly hold it in the fuse.
When throwing a grenade. The grenade for throwing is taken in the hand so that the trigger lever is pressed against the body of the grenade with your fingers. Without releasing the lever, the safety pin is pulled out and the grenade is thrown at the target. After the pin is pulled out, the position of the fuse parts does not change; the firing pin is held in the cocked position by the trigger lever, which is released from the connection with the firing mechanism tube, but is pressed against it with the fingers of the hand. At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever separates from the grenade and releases the firing pin. The firing pin, under the action of the mainspring, strikes (pricks) the igniter primer and ignites it. The beam of fire from the igniter primer ignites the moderator (the remote part of the fuse) and, after passing through it, is transmitted to the detonator primer. The detonator cap explodes and detonates the explosive charge of the grenade. The body of the grenade bursts, and fragments of the body and fuse fly in different directions.
Hand fragmentation grenades consist of a body, a bursting charge and a fuse. The body of the grenade serves to house the explosive charge, the fuse tube, and also to form fragments when the grenade explodes.
Frame F-1 grenades(Fig. 162) cast iron, with longitudinal and transverse grooves, which helps crush the grenade into small fragments.
Fig 162. Basic device hand grenades RGD-5 and F -1
Main parts: housing, fuse, bursting charge
1-tube for igniter with cuff 2-cap with liner 3-tray with liner 4-plastic protective plug.
Frame RGD-5 grenades(Fig. 162) has two parts - upper and lower to increase the number of fragments. The upper part of the body consists of an outer shell, called a cap, and a cap liner. A tube is installed to the top using a cuff to connect the fuse and to seal the bursting charge in the housing. The lower part of the body consists of an outer shell (pan) and a tray liner.
Fuse of a UZRGM anti-personnel hand grenade
UZRGM – (Fig. 163) a standardized fuse for a hand grenade, modernized, designed to explode a bursting charge. It consists of a striking mechanism and the fuse itself.
Rice. 163
Impact mechanism serves to ignite the primer-igniter primer. It consists of a hammer tube, a connecting sleeve, a guide washer, a mainspring, a firing pin, a firing pin washer, a trigger lever and a safety pin with a ring.
The impact mechanism tube is the basis for assembling all parts of the igniter. The connecting sleeve serves to connect the fuse to the grenade body. It is placed on the bottom of the impact mechanism tube. The guide washer is a stop for the upper end of the mainspring and directs the movement of the firing pin. It is fixed in the upper part of the impact mechanism tube.
The mainspring serves to provide the firing pin with the energy necessary to heat the igniter primer. It is put on the striker and its upper end rests against the guide washer, and its lower end rests against the striker washer.
The drummer (Fig. 164) serves to heat and ignite the igniter capsule
Rice. 164 Striker and striker washer
1 – groove for the trigger lever fork, 2 – striker washer;
3 – protrusions for supporting the washer; 4 – sting.
It is placed inside the impact tube. The firing pin washer is placed on the lower end of the firing pin and serves as a stop for the lower end of the mainspring.
The trigger lever (Fig. 165) serves to hold the firing pin in the cocked position (the mainspring is compressed). The trigger lever is held on the hammer tube by a safety pin.
Rice. 165 Trigger lever with safety pin and ring
The safety pin (Fig. 165) passes through the holes in the eye of the trigger lever and the walls of the impact mechanism tube. It has a ring for pulling it out.
The fuse itself serves to explode the explosive charge of the grenade. It consists of a retarder sleeve, an igniter primer, a moderator and a detonator primer. The moderator sleeve in the upper part has a thread for connection with the percussion mechanism tube and a socket for the igniter capsule, inside there is a channel in which the moderator is placed, and on the outside there is a groove for attaching the detonator capsule sleeve.
The igniter primer is designed to ignite the moderator. The retarder transmits a beam of fire from the igniter primer to the detonator primer. It consists of a pressed low-gas composition.
The detonator capsule is used to explode the explosive charge of the grenade. It is placed in a sleeve attached to the bottom of the retarder bushing.
The fuses are always in a firing position. It is strictly prohibited to disassemble fuses and check the operation of the striking mechanism. The operation of grenade parts and mechanisms in preparation for throwing and during throwing. To throw a grenade and achieve the desired result, you need to prepare it for throwing. To do this, you need to take the grenade out of the bag, unscrew the plug from the tube, and screw the fuse in its place until it stops. The parts of the firing mechanism must be in the following position: the firing pin is cocked and held in the upper position by the fork of the trigger lever connected to the firing mechanism tube by a safety pin. The ends of the safety pin are spread apart and firmly hold it in the fuse.
When throwing a grenade. The grenade for throwing is taken in the hand so that the trigger lever is pressed against the body of the grenade with your fingers. Without releasing the lever, the safety pin is pulled out and the grenade is thrown at the target. After the pin is pulled out, the position of the fuse parts does not change, the firing pin is held in the cocked position by the trigger lever, which is released from the connection with the firing mechanism tube, but is pressed against it with the fingers. At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever is separated from the grenade and the firing pin is released. The firing pin, under the action of the mainspring, strikes (pricks) the igniter capsule and ignites it. A ray of fire from the igniter primer ignites the moderator (the remote part of the fuse) and, having passed through it, is transmitted to the detonator capsule. The detonator capsule explodes and detonates the explosive charge of the grenade. The grenade body explodes. , and fragments of the body and fuse fly in different directions.
Hand fragmentation grenades RGN and RGO consist of a body, an explosive mixture and a detonator block. The body of these grenades is designed to contain an explosive mixture, a detonator bomb, and also to form fragments during an explosion (Fig. 166).
Rice. 166
The body of the RGN hand grenade consists of two hemispheres made of aluminum alloy.
To increase the number of lethal fragments, the body of the RGO hand grenade, in addition to two outer hemispheres, has two inner hemispheres. All four hemispheres are made of steel.
The lower hemisphere of a defensive grenade, in contrast to an offensive grenade, has a notch on the outer surface to make it easier to differentiate grenades by purpose. In the upper part of the housings, using a cuff, a glass with a thread is rolled to screw the fuse into it and ensure sealing of the explosive mixture. During transportation and storage, a plug is screwed into the glass with lubricant. At the bottom of the recess in the explosive mixture of the lower hemispheres of the housings, a detonator block is installed to transmit detonation from the fuse.
Fuse(Fig. 167) is designed to detonate an explosive mixture upon impact with an obstacle. In case of failure in the impact action, the igniter is triggered by a remote device in 3.2-4.2 seconds.
The pin-safety mechanism, which ensures the safety of the fuse during service use and the pinning of the igniter capsule after throwing a grenade, consists of a sting, a firing pin, a cotter pin with a ring, a spring, a lever, a plug, a strip and a primer. The target sensor, which ensures that the fuse is triggered when a grenade hits an obstacle, consists of a weight, a sleeve, a sting, a spring and a bushing. The remote device, which ensures the detonator is activated after 3.2-4.2 seconds, consists of a bushing with compounds and a detonator capsule. A long-range cocking mechanism ensures safety in official handling and cocking of the fuse in 1-1.8 seconds. from the moment of throwing it consists of bushings with compounds, stoppers, a slider, a primer and a spring. The detonating unit consists of a detonator capsule and a bushing fixed in a glass. All of the listed components and mechanisms are assembled in a housing.
A little history
"L e monks "with the letter " e“This is exactly what Russian soldiers called English and French fragmentation grenades during the First World War.
The English ones are named after the inventor Lemon, and the French F-1, model 1915, for their similarity to the English ones. Years passed, and the designation of the French grenade was combined with the “meaningful” nickname of the English one in the name of the Soviet defensive grenade F-1 - “limon”.
The first results of winter battles with the Finns of the 1939 - 1940 campaign in wooded areas and low temperatures identified a number of design flaws in domestic grenades, which give frequent failures when thrown from a prone position and at short distances. At that time, hand grenades of the 1914 - 1930 model were in service. V.I. Rdultovsky and RG – 33 M.G. Dyakonova.
The development of a new grenade was entrusted to a graduate of the Artillery Academy named after. Dzerzhinsky I.F. Khrameev (now a retired colonel). The basis for the future design was the same French fragmentation grenade of the 1915 model with a mass of explosive charge of 64 and a body of 572.5 g. It had a cast-iron body with an undercut and two holes, one of which was used for technological purposes, the other for attaching a remote fuse .
In June 1939, technical documentation for a new grenade and casting equipment was developed, and the first 20 pieces were manufactured. The body of the grenade was made of steel cast iron with an external undercut, which served solely for the convenience of holding the grenade when thrown, and had only one hole for the fuse. During the explosion, about 1000 fragments are formed, the lethal radius is 25 - 30 meters, the dispersion radius is 200 m. at the end of the same year after successful tests The grenade was adopted by the Red Army and was effectively used in battles with the Finns.
During the Great Patriotic War at the research site ground forces work was carried out to modernize the grenade body (optimizing its thickness and trimming depth), bodies with and without trimming were tested, but the work was not completed.
In 1942, instead of the Koveshnikov fuse for the F-1 grenade, which was difficult to manufacture and unreliable in handling, the UZRG fuse designed by E.M. was adopted. Viceni, designed for the RG-42 offensive grenade.
In the post-war period, the fuse was once again modernized and received the UZRGM index in 1961. With this fuse, the F-1 is still in service with the Russian and a number of other armies.
During World War II, the Americans called fragmentation grenades similar to our lemons “pineapples,” and in the Balkans they called them “turtles.”
Alexander Yuryev
Defensive hand fragmentation grenade F-1
With the advent of rifle-mounted and under-barrel grenade launchers, the art of fighting with hand grenades began to be forgotten. The effect on the target of low-fragmentation grenades cannot be compared with the work of the F-1 hand-held fragmentation grenade, known to both the military and the civilian population under the code name “limonka”. With minor design changes, this grenade is produced in different countries world for more than 80 years. “Limonka” is the most powerful of all hand grenades in terms of the lethal effect of fragments and the most convenient to use. The ribs on its body - the turtle - exist not at all for division into fragments, as is commonly thought, but for “grasping” in the palm, for ease of holding and the possibility of being tied to something when placed on a stretcher as a mine. The body of the F-1 grenade is cast from the so-called “dry” cast iron, which, when a high explosive (crushing) charge explodes, splits into fragments ranging in size from a pea to a match head, irregular shape with torn sharp edges. In total, up to four hundred such fragments are formed. The shape of the case was chosen this way not only for ease of holding. Until now, no one can explain why, but when a “lemon” explodes on the surface of the earth, the fragments scatter mainly to the sides and very little upward. In this case, the grass is “mown down” completely within a radius of 3 meters from the explosion site, complete destruction of the growth target is ensured within a radius of 5 meters, at a distance of 10 meters the growth target is hit by 5 - 7 fragments, at 15 meters - 2 - 3. therefore at close distances, a bulletproof vest will not save you from an explosion - shrapnel will cut your arms, legs, and face.
Even a small fragment in the neck is tantamount to a death sentence. Penetrating lethal action small fragments are preserved at a distance of up to 100 meters, large fragments - up to 250 meters. In confined spaces, in addition to the mass of ricocheting random fragments shock wave This powerful grenade itself causes concussion and incapacitates. The bulletproof vest is also useless.
The merciless power of the “lemon” ensures a turn of events in favor of the proactive and inventive, but only with its skillful use.
Alexey Andreevich Potapov
F-1 hand fragmentation grenade (defensive)– designed to defeat enemy personnel in defense and attack. You can throw a grenade from various positions, but only from behind reliable cover or from armored vehicles, so the grenade is conventionally designated as “defensive.”
When the grenade body explodes, it produces 290 large heavy fragments with an initial expansion speed of about 730 m/s.
38% of the mass of the body is used to form lethal fragments, the remaining fragments are simply sprayed. Fragment scattering area – 75–82 square meters.
The body of the grenade is cast iron, with longitudinal and transverse grooves, which serve for the convenience of placing the grenade on the “stretch” as a mine and holding it in the hand when throwing.
In the upper part of the body there is a threaded hole for screwing in the fuse. When storing, transporting and carrying a grenade, a plastic plug is screwed into this hole.
The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments. The grenade fuse is intended to explode the explosive charge of the grenade.
F-1 hand fragmentation grenades are equipped with a modernized unified hand grenade fuse (UZRGM). The fuse primer ignites at the moment the grenade is thrown, and its explosion occurs 3.2 - 4.2 s after the throw. Grenades explode without fail when dropped into mud, snow, water, etc.
Combat properties of the F-1 defensive grenade
Grenade weight 600 g.
Throwing range 35-45 m.
The lethal radius of fragments is 200 m.
Purpose, combat properties And general device hand fragmentation grenade RGD-5
The RGD-5 grenade was developed and put into service after the experience of the Second World War showed that the range of fragments of the offensive grenade RG-42 often exceeds the throwing range and is dangerous for the “grenade thrower”.
RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade (offensive) - designed to defeat enemy personnel in the offensive and defensive. The possible throwing range depends on the physical qualities of the soldier and averages 40-50 meters. The scattering range of fragments is about 15-25 meters, so during an attack you can throw it further ahead of you without fear of being hit by fragments of your grenade - hence symbol"offensive".
The dispersion area of RGD-5 grenade fragments is 28 - 32 square meters. Throwing a grenade is carried out from various positions when operating on foot and in armored vehicles (vehicles).
The RGD-5 grenade consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, a bursting charge and a fuse (2) UZRGM (UZRGM-2). In addition to the UZRGM and UZRGM-2, the old UZRGM fuses remaining in the army can be used in combat conditions, but they are prohibited for use during training.
The body consists of two parts - upper and lower. The upper part of the body consists of an outer shell, called a cap, and a cap liner. An igniter tube is attached to the upper part using a cuff. The tube serves to attach the fuse to the grenade and to seal the explosive charge in the body.
To protect the tube from contamination, a plastic plug is screwed into it. When preparing a grenade for throwing, instead of a plug, a fuse is screwed into the tube.
The lower part of the housing consists of an outer shell, called the pan, and a pan liner. The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
Grenades explode without fail when dropped into mud, snow, water, etc.
Combat properties of the offensive grenade GRD-5
Grenade weight 310 g.
Throwing range 40-50 m.
The burning time of the retarder is 3.2-4.2 s.
The lethal radius of fragments is 25 m.
Purpose, combat properties and general design of the RGN hand fragmentation grenade
RGN hand fragmentation grenade (offensive) - designed to defeat enemy personnel in the offensive and defensive.
The RGN hand fragmentation grenade was developed at the Basalt enterprise in the late 1970s. A significant difference between this grenade and similar models is that it is equipped with a target sensor and is triggered when it hits any obstacle.
The grenade consists of a body, an explosive mixture charge, a detonation block and a fuse. The RGN body is formed by two hemispheres made of aluminum alloy with an internal notch. In the upper part of the body, a cup for the fuse is rolled up with a cuff, which is covered with a plastic stopper during storage. A detonation block is placed under the glass in a recess inside the explosive mixture.
The impact-remote fuse (UDF) is assembled in a plastic case. It consists of safety precautions mechanism, target sensor, remote device, long-range cocking mechanism and detonating unit. The pin safety mechanism ensures safety when handling the grenade. After the grenade pin is pulled, the long-range cocking mechanism is activated, which cocks the fuse 1-1.8 seconds after the throw. The target sensor ensures instantaneous activation of the fuse upon impact with an obstacle. The remote device slows down the detonation after a throw by 3.3-4.3 seconds and duplicates the target sensor if the grenade hits mud, snow, or falls strictly “on its side.”
The detonating unit is fixed in a glass and consists of a detonator capsule and a bushing. The relatively complex design of the fuse ensures a combination of safe handling (6 stages of protection) with guaranteed operation. The temperature range of the grenade is from -50 to +50 degrees C. The RGN grenade is carried in a standard grenade bag, two at a time, or in equipment pockets.
Combat properties of the RGN offensive grenade
Grenade weight 310 g.
Throwing range 25-45 m.
Number of fragments 220–300 pcs.
Initial flight speed of fragments 700 m/s
The scattering area of fragments is 95-96 square meters.
The lethal radius of fragments is 8.7 m.
Purpose, combat properties and general design of the RGO hand fragmentation grenade
Fragmentation hand grenade RGO (defensive) - designed to defeat enemy personnel on the offensive and in defense. You can throw a grenade from various positions and only from behind reliable cover or from armored vehicles.
RGO was developed at the Basalt enterprise in the late 1970s. A significant difference from similar models is that it is equipped with a target sensor and is triggered when it hits any obstacle.
The grenade consists of a body, an explosive mixture charge, a detonation block and a fuse. The housing to increase the number of fragments, in addition to two outer hemispheres, has two inner ones. All four hemispheres made of steel, the lower outer one has an outer notch, the rest have an inner notch. In the upper part of the body, a cup for the fuse is rolled up with a cuff, which is covered with a plastic stopper during storage. A detonation block is placed under the glass in a recess inside the explosive mixture.
Impact-remote fuse (UDZ) also used in RGN grenades) assembled in a plastic case, consists of safety precautions mechanism, target sensor, remote device, long-range cocking mechanism and detonating unit.
The pin safety mechanism ensures safety when handling the grenade. After the grenade pin is pulled, the long-range cocking mechanism is activated, which cocks the fuse 1-1.8 seconds after the throw. The target sensor ensures instantaneous activation of the fuse upon impact with an obstacle. The remote device slows down the detonation after a throw by 3.3-4.3 seconds and duplicates the target sensor if the grenade hits mud, snow, or falls strictly “on its side.”
The detonating unit is fixed in a glass and consists of a detonator capsule and a bushing. The relatively complex design of the fuse ensures a combination of safe handling (6 stages of protection) with guaranteed operation. The temperature range of the grenade is from -50 to +50 degrees C. The RGO grenade is carried in a standard grenade bag, two at a time, or in equipment pockets.
Combat properties of the RGO defensive grenade
Grenade weight 530 g.
Throwing range 20-40 m.
The burning time of the retarder is 3.3-4.3 s.
Number of fragments 670–700 pcs.
Initial flight speed of fragments 1200 m/s
The scattering area of fragments is 213-286 sq. m.
The lethal radius of fragments is 16.5 m.
Preparing hand grenades for use
The grenade is loaded on command "Prepare grenades" and in battle, in addition, independently.
To load, you need to remove the grenade from the grenade bag, unscrew the plug from the body tube and screw in the fuse. The grenade is ready to be thrown.
Throwing grenades is done by command, for example: "Grenade - fire"
or “In the trench, with a grenade - fire”
, and in battle, in addition, independently.
Grenades in stowed position
with screwed plastic plugs
Application of grenades:
The grenade for throwing is taken in the hand so that the trigger lever is pressed against the body of the grenade with your fingers. To use a grenade, you need to straighten the antennae of the safety pin ( cotter pin with ring), while holding the grenade right hand (for left-handed people it's the other way around) so that your fingers firmly press the lever to the body. Before throwing a grenade, insert the index finger of your left hand into the pin ring and pull out the pin.
After the pin is pulled out, the position of the fuse parts does not change; the firing pin is held in the cocked position by the trigger lever, which is released from the connection with the firing mechanism tube, but is pressed against it with the fingers. The grenade can continue to remain in the hand for as long as desired, because Until the lever is released, the firing pin cannot break the primer.
After choosing the moment of the throw and the target, throw a grenade at the target. At this moment, the lever will rotate under the influence of the striker spring, releasing the striker, and fly to the side with a characteristic ringing sound. The striker will pierce the primer and activate the fuse retarder - after 3.2 -4.2 seconds an explosion will occur.
To throw a grenade you need:
1. Take the grenade in your hand and press the trigger lever firmly against the grenade body with your fingers;
2. Continuing to press the trigger lever tightly, with the other hand squeeze (straighten) the ends of the safety pin and pull it out of the fuse using the ring with your finger;
3. Swing and throw a grenade at the target;
After throwing a defensive grenade, immediately take cover. In this case, the weapon must be in a position that ensures immediate readiness for action (in the left hand, in the “chest” position, on the parapet of a trench, etc.).
Safety requirements when handling hand grenades
The combat grenade is painted green (khaki to dark green). The training simulation grenade is painted black. In addition, it has a hole at the bottom. The fighting fuse has no color. In the training-imitation fuse, the pin ring and the lower part of the pressure lever are painted scarlet.
The place for throwing combat grenades is selected in such a way that when throwing offensive grenades within a radius of at least 50 m, and defensive and anti-tank grenades within a radius of at least 300 m, there are no people, animals or objects that could be hit by grenade fragments. The area where grenades are thrown must be marked along the perimeter with red flags and signs with appropriate warning signs. In addition, if necessary, cordon posts can be set up.
Before throwing live grenades and fuses must be inspected by the trainee and the supervisor. Faulty grenades are sent to a warehouse for destruction. It is allowed to insert a fuse into a grenade only before throwing it at the command of the leader.
To carry hand fragmentation grenades, a canvas bag for two grenades with a pocket for fuses is used. However, in last years In combat conditions, troops prefer to carry grenades in the pockets of body armor and various unloading systems.
Combat grenades are sealed in boxes, 20 pcs. In the boxes, grenades and fuses are placed separately in rolled metal boxes - “zinc”. There is a special knife in the box for opening boxes. To protect against clogging during storage and transportation, a plastic plug is screwed into the grenade fuse hole.
Grenades and fuses should be protected from strong shocks, blows, fire, dirt, and dampness.
In service Soviet army a new remote-action hand fragmentation grenade appeared only nine years after the war. It was an offensive RGD-5 with an UZRGM fuse (UZRGM-2), which was put into service in 1954. The RG-42 and F-1 grenades with the same fuse continued to remain in service without any changes.
However, grenades with remote fuses are not suitable for hitting moving targets, vehicles, rapidly moving manpower, etc. When thrown, for example, along window openings on upper floors or in mountainous area from bottom to top, if you miss, the grenade can bounce or roll back. There is an obvious need to correct this situation.
TAKEN INTO ACCUSED EXPERIENCE
Rice. 1 and 2 Hand fragmentation grenades: offensive RGN (top) and defensive RGO (bottom)
In 1982, two completely new types of grenades were put into service - the offensive RGN and the defensive RGO. They differed from their predecessors in the design of both the housings and the fuses. The latter was a single one, developed taking into account experience combat use hand grenades and new technological capabilities that make it possible to minimize the cost of their production. The development was carried out by two enterprises - SNPP "Basalt" was engaged in the bodies and equipment of grenades, and a specialized enterprise near Moscow created for them a single UDS fuse, the main elements of which were made of injection molded plastics using a high-performance method. The author of the project is V. Kuzmin, led and completed the development by V. Yakunin. The leading performer of the ignition work was D. Denisov.
The body designs of both grenades were developed on the basis of long-term research work, as a result of which methods were found to increase the density of the fragmentation flow within the specified damage radii. To do this, it was necessary to achieve organized crushing of the hull into fragments of more or less equal mass. For an offensive grenade, they must lose their lethal effect at a distance of no more than 10 m in order to guarantee the safety of the soldier throwing it while moving. In this regard, our RG-42 is far from ideal. Its fragments (albeit at the end) fly up to 20 m from the explosion site, not to mention the fuse parts that were found at ranges of more than 100 m. Having thrown such a grenade while running, you can find yourself in danger zone. Worthy of criticism and, perhaps, the best in its class is our F-1 defensive grenade. Its body, cast from steel cast iron, has corrugations on the outside, dividing the body into 32 parts, but the grenade is not torn along them. When ruptured, its body produces several hundred fragments, the largest of which retain lethality up to 200 m. This grenade can only be thrown from behind cover. But the probability of hitting growth targets at a distance of 15-20 m from the explosion site due to an insufficiently dense flow of its fragments still leaves much to be desired.
All these circumstances were taken into account by the creators of the RGN and RGO grenades. The result of their work was new hand fragmentation grenades, which found wide application during the fighting in Afghanistan and the North Caucasus.
IMPACT-REMOTE FUZE – UDZ
The fuse has a unique and interesting design. His work is shown in Fig. 4. The drawings were compiled by the author based on mock-up samples of fuses kindly provided to him by the State Research and Production Enterprise “Basalt”; Photographs of grenades were also taken there.
Rice. 3 Device of shock-remote fuse UDZ
The fuse consists of four main components (Fig. 3):
- initiating, including a firing pin 2 with a pin-type mainspring, a safety lever 4 and a pin with a ring 3, holding the firing pin in the cocked position through the safety lever. This unit activates the pyrotechnic chains for arming and self-destruction of the fuse;
- pyrotechnic, which includes an impact capsule-igniter 5, a long-range cocking device in the form of two duplicating pyrotechnic moderators 6 and a self-liquidator 8. Pyrotechnic devices (moderators and self-liquidator) are three tubes made of aluminum alloy with threads for screwing them into a plastic housing fuse. Stably burning and low-hygroscopic low-gas compositions, specially designed for self-liquidators and moderators of various fuses, are pressed into the tubes;
- mechanical, the elements of which are an inertial load 1 (a plastic ball with steel balls filled inside), a cup 12 with a needle and a safety engine 10 with an intermediate captive capsule 9. The engine is under the action of a pin-type spring, pressing it against the retarder rod 7. In this position of the engine, the intermediate capsule is located away from the detonator igniter, and the end of the cup with the needle, resting on the plane of the engine, cannot move in the direction of the detonator. To ensure that the engine with the capsule is kept in a secured position, a second similar retarder is introduced into the mechanism;
- detonator 11 with a beam-type igniter.
The UDS fuse has an interesting design feature. It has two triggering circuits: shock-remote and remote (self-destructive). The chains duplicate each other, and a grenade explosion occurs either from an impact on an obstacle after the long-range arming time has elapsed (1-1.8 seconds) or (if the impact did not occur or it was not strong enough) after the self-destruction time has elapsed (3.2-4. 2 sec).
Rice. 4 Work fuse UDS
At the initial stage of the flight, the firing pin, turning under the action of the mainspring, throws off the safety lever. The intermediate position of the striker is shown in Fig. 4, view B. At the end of the rotation of the striker, its needle pierces the igniter capsule, which, when triggered, activates three pyrotechnic units: two duplicating moderators and a self-liquidator (Fig. 4, views B and D). Variation in the burning time of retardation tubes in different temperature conditions is 0.8–1.1 s.
After the compositions of these tubes burn out, the springs remove the rods 7 inside the tubes, and the released engine is moved by its spring until it stops against the housing wall (Fig. 4, view E). In this position of the engine, the cup with the needle no longer rests on its plane and can move towards the igniter primer. But this does not happen before meeting an obstacle, since the cup with the load is held by a spring.
When a grenade meets an obstacle, the force of inertia shifts the load to the side and displaces the cup with the needle in the direction of the igniter capsule. The flame of the triggered igniter primer initiates the explosion of the detonator and the rupture of the grenade (Fig. 4, view E).
If, due to a weak puncture of the igniter primer, it does not work (for example, when a grenade falls into the snow), then its rupture will occur after the composition of the self-liquidator burns out. Under different temperature conditions, this time can be from 3 to 4.3 s.
OFFENSIVE HAND GRENADE RGN
Rice. 5 RGN grenade in section
The grenade body consists of two thick-walled and smooth outside stamped hemispheres made of aluminum alloy (Fig. 5). The hemispheres have deep grooves inside for organized crushing of the body. Their edges are turned so that it is possible to put the upper hemisphere on the lower hemisphere and connect them by crimping “along the equator”. A sealing polyethylene ring is first placed between them. In the hole of the upper hemisphere there is a thin-walled cup with several turns of M20x2 thread in the upper part for screwing in the fuse.
To equip the RGN, a more powerful explosive was used than for previous grenades - hexogen with the addition of TNT. Crystalline hexogen itself does not melt, but its mixture with TNT can be melted and poured into the grenade body. There are mixtures with different percentages of hexogen and TNT. For example, in TGA there are 50/50. After filling the explosive, a socket for the fuse detonator is drilled into it. The design of the grenade body allows it to be equipped with pressed bombs of an even more powerful explosive, for example A-IX-1, which is a phlegmatized hexogen,
An RGN grenade with an UDZ fuse weighs 310 g. Its explosive weight is 112 g.
Testing the fragmentation effect of grenades using the established method shows an approximately threefold advantage of the RGN over the RG-42.
HAND DEFENSE GRENADE RGO
Rice. 6 RGO grenade in section
The body of this grenade also consists of two hemispheres, but they are stamped not from aluminum alloy, but from thick sheet steel and on inner surface have deep corrugations (Fig. 6). The lower hemisphere has corrugations on the outside, while the upper hemisphere is smooth on the outside. This was done so that the type of grenade could be determined by touch. To increase the number of fragments, another one was inserted inside these hemispheres, but with only internal corrugations. The joint of the outer hemispheres, like that of the RGN grenade, is sealed with an annular polyethylene gasket. The outside of the body is painted with standard green paint.
In combat position, the RGO has a weight of 530 g, with an explosive weight (TNT with hexogen) of 90 g. The dispersion range of its lethal fragments is significantly less than that of the F-1. According to the "Guide" for this grenade, it is 16 m, but it can still only be thrown from behind cover. Within this range, the fragmentation field density of the RGO is at least three times higher than that of the F-1.
An excerpt from an article by Dmitry Shiryaev from the magazine “World of Weapons” No. 4 / 2005.
Drawings by the author, photo by Olga Khvostunova
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