Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, whose biography will be presented in this article, was very gifted and He mastered four professions: playwright, musician, poet and diplomat. He is best known for his legendary play in verse, “Woe from Wit.” He is a descendant of an ancient noble family.
Childhood and studies
The boy's mother was involved in his education. She was a swaggering and proud representative of the upper class, but at the same time she had more than enough intelligence and practicality. Nastasya Fedorovna understood perfectly well that high position in society and promotion can be given not only by connections and origin, but also by the level of education of a person. Therefore, in the Griboedov family it was a priority. Mom hired the best French tutors for Alexander, and sometimes invited professors for lessons. Even in childhood (contained in this article) I read as many books as a common person can't master it in a lifetime.
In 1803, the boy was sent to the Noble boarding school, and three years later he entered Moscow University. Before 1812, Alexander graduated from the verbal and legal departments. The outbreak of war did not allow him to complete his studies at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
Even at the university, everyone around recognized the future playwright as the most educated person. He knew all the world classics perfectly, read and communicated fluently in several languages, composed music and played the piano masterfully.
Military service
Biography of Griboyedov, summary which is known to all fans of his work, was marked in 1812 important event. To defend the Fatherland, Alexander voluntarily enlisted in the hussar regiment. But while its formation was taking place, Napoleon’s army was thrown far from Moscow. And soon she returned to Europe altogether.
Despite this, Alexander Sergeevich still decided to remain in the army. His regiment was transferred to the most remote regions of Belarus. These years almost disappeared from the writer’s life. He will regret them in the future. On the other hand, many of his colleagues became the prototypes of the heroes of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” In 1815, the writer realizes that he can no longer exist in the army environment and plans to complete his service.
Life in St. Petersburg
Griboyedov's biography, a brief summary of which was known to the playwright's contemporaries, changed dramatically with his move to St. Petersburg in 1816. Here he became close to the leading people of that time and imbued with their ideas. Alexander Sergeevich then found many new friends who became organizers in the future secret societies. In secular salons, the writer shone with his cynicism and cold wit. He was drawn to the theatrical stage. During that period, he wrote and translated a lot for the comedy theater. Also, thanks to the necessary acquaintances, Griboyedov was able to get a job. The writer’s measured life was disrupted by his participation in a duel, which ended in the death of his opponent. His mother’s connections allowed him to go on a diplomatic mission away from the capital.
Service in the Caucasus and Persia
In 1819, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, whose biography is rich interesting events, arrived for duty in Tehran. There he received many new impressions, met with local princes, courtiers, wandering poets and ordinary people. The service was uncomplicated, and Griboyedov had enough time for self-education and literary creativity. He read a lot and honed his knowledge of Arabic and Persian. Also, to the joy of the playwright, his comedy “Woe from Wit” was written here easily and fruitfully.
At that time, the author simply did heroic deed- took Russian prisoners out of the country. Griboyedov’s courage was noted by General Ermolov, who decided that such a person should not vegetate in Persia. Thanks to his efforts, Alexander Sergeevich was transferred to the Caucasus (Tiflis). Here the writer completely completed and edited two acts of the work “Woe from Wit”.
Return to St. Petersburg and arrest
In 1823 creative biography Griboyedov, a brief summary of which is well known to high school students, was marked by the completion of the main work of his life - the play “Woe from Wit”. But in his attempts to publish it and stage it theatrically, he encountered categorical opposition. With great difficulty, the writer agreed with the almanac “Russian Waist” to print several excerpts. The book was also distributed by the Decembrists, who considered it their own “printed manifesto.”
In "Woe from Wit" classicism and innovation, extensive character development and strict adherence to the canons of comedy construction are intertwined. A significant decoration of the work is the use of aphoristic and precise language. Many lines of the essay quickly became quotable.
Twist of fate
Who knows how Griboedov’s biography, a brief summary of which was described above, would have developed if not for his trip to the Caucasus in 1825. Most likely, the writer would have resigned and plunged headlong into literary activity. But Alexander Sergeevich’s mother took an oath from him to continue his career as a diplomat.
During the Russian-Persian War, the playwright took part in several battles, but much more more success he achieved as a diplomat. Griboedov “bargained” a very profitable peace treaty for Russia and came to St. Petersburg with documents. Alexander Sergeevich hoped to stay at home and finish the works “Georgian Night”, “1812” and “Rodomist and Zenobia”. But the king decided otherwise, and the writer had to return to Persia.
Tragic ending
In mid-1828, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg with great reluctance. He delayed his departure with all his might, as if he felt his death approaching. If not for this trip, the biography could have continued to the delight of the writer’s fans.
The last ray of happiness in the life of Alexander Sergeevich was his ardent love for Nina, the daughter of his friend A. G. Chavchavadze. Passing through Tiflis, he married her, and then headed to Tehran to prepare everything for his wife’s arrival.
Concerning further developments, then there are several versions of how Griboyedov died. Biography, death - all this interests admirers of Alexander Sergeevich’s talent. We will list the three most common versions:
- Griboyedov was killed by Muslim fanatics while trying to remove Armenian women from the Shah's harem. The entire Russian mission was destroyed.
- The mission staff, together with the writer, showed disrespect for Persian laws and the Shah. And the rumor about an attempt to remove women from the harem became the last straw that overflowed the Shah’s patience. Therefore, he ordered the murder of the insolent strangers.
- The Russian mission was attacked by religious fanatics incited by British diplomats.
This ends the short biography of Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, who died on January 30, 1829. In conclusion, here are a few facts about the playwright.
The life of a wonderful man
- Griboyedov knew Turkish, Persian, French, Arabic, Latin, English, Greek, Italian and German perfectly well.
- The writer was a member of a large Masonic lodge in St. Petersburg.
- While in the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich used his position and connections to make life easier for the Decembrists. He was even able to smuggle several people out of Siberia.
Playwright, poet, diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 4 (15), 1795 in Moscow into a noble family. At the age of fifteen he graduated from Moscow University. During the Napoleonic invasion he enlisted in the army and served for two years in a cavalry regiment. In June 1817, Griboyedov entered service in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs; in August 1818 he was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Persia.
From 1822 to 1826, Griboedov served in the Caucasus at the headquarters of A.P. Ermolov, from January to June 1826 he was under arrest in the Decembrist case.
Since 1827, under the new governor of the Caucasus, I.F. Paskevich, he was in charge of diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia. In 1828, after the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace, in which Griboedov took an active part and the text of which he brought to St. Petersburg, he was appointed “plenipotentiary minister” to Persia to ensure compliance with the terms of the treaty.
In the same year in August, Alexander Griboyedov married eldest daughter his friend - the Georgian poet and public figure Alexandra Chavchavadze - Nina, whom he knew since childhood, often studied music with her. Having matured, Nina evoked in the soul of Alexander Griboyedov, an already mature man, a strong and deep feeling of love.
They say she was a beauty: a slender, graceful brunette, with pleasant and regular features, with dark brown eyes, charming everyone with her kindness and meekness. Griboyedov called her Madonna Murillo. On August 22, 1828, they were married in the Zion Cathedral in Tiflis. In the church book there is an entry: “Minister Plenipotentiary in Persia, His Imperial Majesty State Councilor and Cavalier Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov joined legal marriage with the girl Nina, the daughter of Major General Prince Alexander Chavchavadzev...” Griboedov was 33 years old, Nina Alexandrovna was not yet sixteen.
After the wedding and several days of celebrations, the young couple left for the estate of A. Chavchavadze in Kakheti, Tsinandali. Then the young couple went to Persia. Not wanting to expose Nina to danger in Tehran, Griboedov temporarily left his wife in Tabriz, his residence of the plenipotentiary representative Russian Empire in Persia, and went to the capital to present to the Shah alone. In Tehran, Griboedov was very homesick for his young wife and worried about her (Nina had a very difficult time with her pregnancy).
On January 30, 1829, a crowd incited by Muslim fanatics destroyed the Russian mission in Tehran. During the destruction of the embassy, the Russian envoy Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was killed. The riotous crowd dragged his mutilated corpse through the streets for several days, and then threw him into a common pit, where the bodies of his comrades already lay. Later he was identified only by the little finger of his left hand, mutilated in a duel.
Nina, who was waiting for her husband in Tabriz, did not know about his death; Worried about her health, those around her hid the terrible news. On February 13, at the urgent request of her mother, she left Tabriz and went to Tiflis. Only here they told her that her husband was dead. She suffered from premature labor due to stress.
On April 30, Griboyedov’s ashes were brought to Gergery, where A.S. saw the coffin. Pushkin, who mentions this in his “Travel to Arzrum”. In June, Griboyedov’s body finally arrived in Tiflis, and on June 18, 1829, it was interred near the Church of St. David, according to the wishes of Griboyedov, who once jokingly told his wife: “Don’t leave my bones in Persia; if I die there, bury me in Tiflis, in the monastery of St. David." Nina fulfilled her husband's will. She buried him where he asked; Nina Alexandrovna erected a chapel on her husband’s grave, and in it there was a monument depicting a woman praying and crying in front of a crucifix - an emblem of herself. On the monument there is the following inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory; but why did my love survive you?”
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829)
Russian writer and diplomat.
He belonged to a noble family. Received an excellent education. Griboyedov's multifaceted talent was revealed very early; in addition to literary talent, he also showed a bright composing talent (two waltzes for piano are known). He studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, then entered Moscow University. After graduating from the verbal department, Griboyedov continued to study at the ethical and political department.
One of the most educated people of his time, Griboyedov spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin languages, later mastered Arabic, Persian, Turkish languages.
With the beginning Patriotic War 1812 Griboedov stops his academic studies and joins the Moscow Hussar Regiment as a cornet. Military service (as part of reserve units) brought him together with D. N. Begichev and his brother S. N. Begichev, who became a close friend of Griboyedov. After retiring (early 1816), Griboyedov settled in St. Petersburg and was assigned to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.
He leads a secular lifestyle, moves in the theatrical and literary circles of St. Petersburg (gets close to the circle of A. A. Shakhovsky), he writes and translates for the theater (the comedies “The Young Spouses” (1815), “One’s Own Family, or the Married Bride” (1817 d.) together with Shakhovsky and N.I. Khmelnitsky, etc.).
The consequence of “ardent passions and powerful circumstances” (A.S. Pushkin) was drastic changes in his fate - in 1818 Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission to Persia (not last role in this kind of exile, his participation as a second in the duel of A.P. Zavadsky with V.V. Sheremetev, which ended in the death of the latter, played a role) After three years of service in Tabriz, Griboedov transferred to Tiflis to the chief administrator of Georgia A.P. Ermolov (February 1822).
The first and second acts of “Woe from Wit” were written there; their first listener was the author’s Tiflis colleague V.K. Kuchelbecker. In the spring of 1823, Griboyedov went on vacation to Moscow, as well as to the estate of S.N. Begichev near Tula, where he spends the summer, the third and fourth acts of “Woe from Wit” are created.
By the autumn of 1824, the comedy was completed. Griboedov travels to St. Petersburg, intending to use his connections in the capital to obtain permission for its publication and theatrical production. However, he soon becomes convinced that comedy is “nothing to miss.” Only excerpts published in 1825 by F.V. Bulgarin in the almanac “Russian Waist” (the first complete publication in Russia -1862, the first production on the professional stage -1831) were passed through censorship. Nevertheless, Griboyedov’s creation immediately became an event in Russian culture, spreading among the reading public in handwritten lists, the number of which was close to the book circulation of that time (the distribution of lists was facilitated by the Decembrists, who considered comedy as a mouthpiece for their ideas; already in January 1825
I. I. Pushchin brought A. S. Pushkin to the Mikhailovsky list of “Woe from Wit”) The success of Griboyedov’s comedy, which has taken a strong place among Russian classics, is largely determined by the harmonious combination in it of the acutely topical and timeless.
Through the brilliantly drawn picture of Russian society of the pre-Decembrist era (disturbing debates about serfdom, political freedoms, problems of national self-determination of culture, education, etc., masterfully outlined colorful figures of that time, recognizable by contemporaries, etc.), “eternal” themes are discerned: the conflict of generations , drama love triangle, antagonism between the individual and society, etc.
At the same time, “Woe from Wit” is an example of an artistic synthesis of the traditional and innovative: paying tribute to the canons of classicism aesthetics (unity of time, place, action, conventional roles, mask names, etc.), Griboedov “revives” the scheme with conflicts and characters taken from life, freely introduces lyrical, satirical and journalistic lines into comedy.
Precision and aphoristic accuracy of the language, successful use of free (various) iambic, conveying the element colloquial speech, allowed the comedy text to maintain its sharpness and expressiveness; as Pushkin predicted; many lines of “Woe from Wit” have become proverbs and sayings (“The legend is fresh, but hard to believe,” “ Happy Hours are not observed”, etc.). In the fall of 1825, Griboedov returned to the Caucasus, but already in February 1826 he again found himself in St. Petersburg - as a suspect in the Decembrist case (there were many reasons for the arrest: four Decembrists were interrogated, including S.P. Trubetskoy and E.P. Obolensky, named Griboedov among the members of the secret society; lists of “Woe from Wit”, etc. were found in the papers of many of those arrested).
Warned by Ermolov about the impending arrest, Griboyedov managed to destroy part of his archive. During the investigation, he categorically denies his involvement in the conspiracy. At the beginning of June, Griboyedov was released from arrest with a “cleaning certificate.” Upon returning to the Caucasus (autumn 1826), Griboedov took part in several battles of the Russian-Persian War that began. Achieves significant success in the diplomatic field (according to N.N. Muravyov-Karsky, Griboyedov “replaced... with his single person an army of twenty thousand”), and is preparing, among other things, the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty, which is beneficial for Russia.
Having brought the documents of the peace treaty to St. Petersburg (March 1828), he received awards and a new appointment - minister plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Persia. Instead of literary pursuits, to which he dreamed of devoting himself (in his papers there are plans, sketches - poems, tragedies “Rodamist and Zenobia”, “Georgian Night”, drama “1812”), Griboyedov is forced to accept a high position. His last departure from the capital (June 1828) was tinged with gloomy forebodings.
On his way to Persia, he stops for some time in Tiflis. He has plans for economic transformations in Transcaucasia. In August he marries L. Chavchavadze’s 16-year-old daughter, Nina, and goes with her to Persia. Among other things Russian minister is engaged in sending captive Russian citizens to their homeland. The appeal to him for help by two Armenian women who ended up in the harem of a noble Persian was the reason for reprisals against the talented diplomat. On January 30, 1829, a crowd, incited by Muslim fanatics, defeated the Russian mission in Tehran. The Russian envoy was killed. Griboyedov was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. The words of Nina Griboyedova-Chavchavadze are carved on the gravestone: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”
This man's talent was truly phenomenal. His knowledge was enormous and multifaceted, he learned many languages, was a good officer, a capable musician, an outstanding diplomat with the makings of a major politician. The comedy "Woe from Wit" put him on a par with the greatest Russian writers. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov...
He belonged to a noble family and received a serious education at home. Already in early age Griboedov's multifaceted talent was revealed. His two waltzes for piano became famous in calm, merchant-like Moscow. Griboedov studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, then entered Moscow University. Having graduated from the literature department in 1808 with the title of candidate, he continued to study in the ethical and political department. One of the most educated people of his time, Griboyedov spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin, and later mastered Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. The widespread version according to which Griboedov graduated from three faculties of Moscow University and only because of the War of 1812 did not receive a doctorate has not yet been confirmed by documents.
With the beginning of the Patriotic War, Griboyedov left his academic studies and joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment as a cornet. But he never had the chance to take part in battles: the regiment was in the rear. After the war, the future writer served as an adjutant in Belarus. Griboyedov spent his youth stormy. He called himself and his fellow soldiers, the Begichev brothers, “stepchildren of common sense” - their pranks were so unbridled. There is a known case when Griboyedov once sat down at the organ during a service in a Catholic church. At first he played sacred music for a long time and with inspiration, and then suddenly switched to Russian dance music.
Having retired at the beginning of 1816, Griboyedov settled in St. Petersburg and was assigned to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Leads a secular lifestyle, moves in theatrical and literary circles in St. Petersburg. He begins to attend Shakhovsky's circle, he himself writes and translates for the theater the comedy "Young Spouses" "His Family, or the Married Bride." The consequence of “ardent passions and powerful circumstances” was drastic changes in his fate - in 1818, Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission to Persia. On July 16, Count Nesselrode notified in writing the Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Army, General Ermolov, that "The official Mazarovich is appointed charge d'affaires of Persia, Griboyedov is appointed secretary under him, and Amburger is appointed clerical employee." Nesselrode loved brevity. Not the least role in this kind of exile was played by Griboyedov’s participation in the duel.
Two friends of Griboyedov, revelers Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, competed over the ballerina Istomina. A well-known duelist in the city, future Decembrist Alexander Yakubovich fanned the quarrel, and accused Griboedov of ignoble behavior. Sheremetev had to fight with Zavadovsky, Yakubovich - with Griboyedov. Both duels were to take place on the same day. But while they were providing assistance to the mortally wounded Sheremetev, time was running out. The next day, Yakubovich was arrested as the instigator and exiled to the Caucasus. Griboyedov was not punished for the duel, but public opinion found him guilty of Sheremetev's death.
In February 1822, after three years of service in Tabriz, Griboedov transferred to Tiflis to the chief administrator of Georgia, Ermolov. There the postponed duel with Yakubovich took place. Griboyedov was wounded in the arm - for him as a musician it was very sensitive.
It was him who General Ermolov made his secretary “for foreign affairs.” Loving Griboedov like a son, according to Denis Davydov, he tried not to overload young man everyday work. And even to high authorities he boldly said that "Poets are the pride of the nation." And in general, he had a fatherly attitude towards smart and courageous youth, not at all embarrassed that the young people working for him, such as, for example, Yakubovich, Kuchelbecker, Kakhovsky, the Raevsky brothers, were considered “unreliable” at that time. Griboyedov, in his own words, stuck to Ermolov “like a shadow.” Secluded, sometimes even at night, they talked - for hours Griboyedov could listen to how the “proconsul of the Caucasus” described Napoleon, the carnivals of Venice, his date with Lady Hamilton.
It was in Tiflis that the 1st and 2nd acts of “Woe from Wit” were written; their first listener was the author’s colleague and close friend Pushkin Wilhelm Kuchelbecker. In the spring of 1823, Griboyedov went on vacation. In Moscow, as well as on the estate of S. Begichev near Tula, where he spends the summer, the 3rd and 4th acts of the immortal comedy are created. By the autumn of 1824, the comedy was completed. Griboedov travels to St. Petersburg, intending to use his connections in the capital to obtain permission for its publication and theatrical production. However, he soon becomes convinced that comedy “is not to be missed.” Only excerpts published in 1825 by Bulgarin in the almanac “Russian Waist” were censored. The first complete publication in Russia appeared only in 1862; The first production on the professional stage was in 1831. Meanwhile, the comedy immediately became an event in Russian culture, spreading among the reading public in handwritten copies, the number of which was close to the book circulation of that time. The distribution of lists was facilitated by the Decembrists, who viewed comedy as a mouthpiece for their ideas; Already in January 1825, Ivan Pushchin brought “Woe from Wit” to Pushkin at Mikhailovskoe. As Pushkin predicted, many lines of “Woe from Wit” became proverbs and sayings.
In the fall of 1825, Griboedov returned to the Caucasus, but already in February 1826 he again found himself in St. Petersburg - as a suspect in the Decembrist case. There were many reasons for the arrest: during interrogations, four Decembrists, including Trubetskoy and Obolensky, named Griboedov among the members of the secret society, and lists of “Woe from Wit” were found in the papers of many of those arrested. Warned by Ermolov about the impending arrest, Griboyedov managed to destroy part of his archive. This came especially easy for him. He was surprisingly indifferent to the fate of his creations. He could have forgotten the manuscript of “Woe from Wit” at a friend’s place or left it on the piano in some salon. During his many travels, chests of papers disappeared somewhere, and he took care of the piano, which he always carried with him. And even after his death, traces of Griboyedov’s work continued to disappear; all his papers, letters, and things were destroyed in Persia. A fire in the house of his nephew Smirnov, who had been searching for the archives of his famous uncle for many years, completely destroyed all Griboyedov’s papers.
During the investigation, he will categorically deny his involvement in the conspiracy. At the beginning of June, Griboyedov was released from arrest with a “cleaning certificate.” There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging characterization of the conspiracy: “One hundred warrant officers want to turn Russia over!” But, perhaps, Griboyedov owed such a complete acquittal to the intercession of a relative - General Paskevich, the favorite of Nicholas I.
Upon returning to the Caucasus in the fall of 1826, Griboyedov took part in several battles of the outbreak of the Russian-Persian War. He achieves significant success in the diplomatic field. As Muravyov-Karsky would later write, Griboyedov “replaced an army of twenty thousand with his single face.” He will prepare a Turkmanchay peace that will be beneficial for Russia. Having brought the documents of the peace treaty to St. Petersburg in March 1828, he received awards and a new appointment - minister plenipotentiary to Persia. Instead of literary pursuits, to which he dreamed of devoting himself, Griboyedov is forced to accept a high position.
Griboedov's last departure from the capital in June 1828 was tinged with gloomy forebodings. On his way to Persia, he stops for some time in Tiflis. There he hatches plans for economic transformations in Transcaucasia. In August he marries 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. When the young people went out into the street, it seemed that the whole city was welcoming them. In front of them was a continuous sea of flowers, from all the windows roses flew at Nina’s feet. White, red. Two days later there was a dinner for a hundred invited persons, and on September 9 the Griboyedovs mounted their horses. Their huge caravan stretched for a mile. We spent the night under tents in the mountains, breathing the frosty air. In Tabriz, the newlyweds parted: Griboyedov was supposed to go to Tehran, hand over his " high appointment"Shah of Iran.
Among other matters, the Russian envoy is engaged in sending captive Russian citizens to their homeland. The appeal to him for help by two Armenian women who ended up in the harem of a noble Persian was the reason for reprisals against the active and successful diplomat. On January 30, 1829, a crowd incited by Muslim fanatics destroyed the Russian mission in Tehran. The Russian envoy was killed. Along with him, the entire staff of the Russian mission was destroyed; only the senior secretary Maltsov, an unusually cautious and cunning man, survived. He offered salvation to Griboyedov too, all he had to do was hide. Alexander Sergeevich’s answer was the answer of a man of honor: "A Russian nobleman does not play hide and seek."
Griboyedov was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. The whole city mourned him. Residents of Tiflis dressed in black clothes; the balconies were covered with a black veil falling onto the black ground. They held lit torches in their hands. The whole city, like a black cameo, was in darkness and tears. There was complete silence...
The inscription made by Nina Chavchavadze on the grave of Alexander Sergeevich is like a cry from the soul, carved into the stone: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in rich family nobles A man of exceptional talent, Alexander Griboedov could play the piano brilliantly, composed music himself, and knew more than five foreign languages. The Russian figure graduated from the Moscow University Noble Boarding School (1803), and then from three departments of Moscow University.
On military service Griboyedov held the rank of cornet from 1812 to 1816, after which he began to realize himself in the journalistic and literary fields. Among his first works are the comedy “The Young Spouses,” which he translated from French, and “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher.” In 1817, Griboedov joined the Masonic organization “United Friends” and took the post of provincial secretary at public service. Griboedov continues to write, and the comedy “Student” and “Feigned Infidelity” are added to his work. At the same time, the gifted figure met Alexander Pushkin and his entourage.
Griboedov traveled to Persia twice on behalf of the government - in 1818 and 1820. Service in the east weighed heavily on him, and Griboyedov moved to Georgia. During this period, work began on his most famous work, “Woe from Wit.”
In 1826, the Russian writer was accused of belonging to the Decembrists. Griboyedov remained under investigation for about 6 months. But his involvement in the conspiracy could not be proven, and Griboyedov was released.
In 1828, he married Nina Chavchavadze, but their marriage was short-lived: Alexander Sergeevich was killed by a rioting crowd on January 30, 1829 during a visit of the Russian embassy to Tehran.
Biography 2
A great writer, competent diplomat, musician and composer is not full list merits of Alexander Griboyedov. An inquisitive boy of noble origin. The best scientists of that time were involved in his upbringing and training.
Sasha's abilities knew no bounds; he easily mastered six foreign languages. Since childhood, he played musical instruments and wrote poetry.
He really wanted to prove himself in combat conditions, and he enlisted in the hussar regiment, but the war with Napoleon had already begun to end, much to Alexander’s chagrin. So he was never able to take part in the fighting.
His mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, saw her son as an official, but Griboyedov did not want to serve at all, it seemed boring to him. At this time he became interested in theater and literature, writing comedies. Young and hot, he soon gets into trouble and becomes a second. Duels at that time were not only prohibited, but you could go to prison for participating in them. Anastasia Fedorovna did a lot to save her son from imprisonment. And he had to leave Russia and go to Persia.
Being in foreign lands, Alexander was very bored. After some time, he seeks a transfer to Georgia. Here he begins to write his famous comedy. At the same time, he writes poetry and plays and continues to study music.
Alexander Griboyedov not only knew Ivan Krylov, he read “Woe from Wit” to him. The great fabulist liked the work, but he said with regret that the censorship would not let it through. This turned out to be true. Moreover, the play was not only banned from being staged in the theater. But also print. It had to be rewritten secretly.
Soon Alexander returned to the Caucasus, where he continued to serve at Ermolov’s headquarters. At this time, the Decembrist uprising occurred. Griboyedov comes under suspicion and is arrested.
Before in last time Alexander got married to go on a diplomatic mission to the capital of Iran. The happiness of the young did not last long, only a few weeks. Going to Once again on a business trip, no one could have imagined that it would be the last.
It took half a century for people to start talking about Griboyedov and his role as a diplomat, writer and just a person.
Option 3
A.S. Griboedov is an outstanding Russian playwright, poet, composer and pianist. He was considered one of the smartest and most educated people of his time. He did a lot of useful things for Russia in the diplomatic field.
He was born in 1795. He was a representative of an old wealthy family. The mother, a harsh and domineering woman, loved her son very much. He answered her in the same way. However, conflicts often arose between them.
Alexander's learning abilities manifested themselves in childhood. Already at the age of six he could communicate freely in 3 foreign languages, and to teenage years mastered 6 languages. At first he received an excellent home education under the guidance of experienced tutors, then he was enrolled in the Moscow University boarding school. Further, having graduated from the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University, a thirteen-year-old teenager receives a Candidate of Science degree. Then he continued his studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he received a candidate of laws degree at the age of 15.
Interested in mathematics and natural sciences, he not only diligently attended lectures, but also took private lessons from some scientists, because he wanted to receive a doctorate degree. I managed to study and literary creativity, but, unfortunately, his early works have not survived.
In 1812 Because of the outbreak of the Patriotic War, Griboyedov abandoned his studies and literary studies and, under the influence of patriotic ideas, enlisted in the hussars. But he did not have the chance to fight, since his regiment was sent to the rear. Soon Alexander was appointed adjutant to the commander and transferred to Brest-Litovsk.
In 1814 publishes his articles for the first time. Begins to write for the theater. In 1815 resigns, and after 2 years enters the civil service at the College of Foreign Affairs.
Living in St. Petersburg, Griboyedov takes an active part in the activities of the literary and theater circle. Writes and publishes several comedies.
In 1818 receives appointment to the post of secretary of the Russian mission in Iran. Leads travel notes. Shooting with A.I. in Tiflis Yakubovich. After this duel, a finger on his left hand was forever mutilated.
In Iran, he is working for the release of captured Russian soldiers and personally accompanies their detachment to their homeland. In 1820 begins work on the play "Woe from Wit".
Since 1822 to 1823 Serves under General Ermolov. He writes musical vaudeville, which premiered in 1824. Leaves the service. He is trying to get “Woe from Wit” published and staged, but to no avail.
In 1825 returns to service. In 1826 was arrested in the Caucasus. He was accused of having connections with the Decembrists, but no evidence was found, so he was released.
In 1828 Griboyedov married, and in 1829. was killed by religious fanatics in Tehran.
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