Children are little creatures who can transform our existence and fill it with all the colors of the rainbow. Many parents confidently claim that it was with the advent of their child that their lives changed dramatically. And to whom, if not to them, should we dedicate best holidays in the world.
Geography of the celebration, or where it did not take root?
November 20 is celebrated annually as World Children's Day, a tradition that has existed for many years in 129 UN member countries.
For example, in Russia in some regions it is quite popular, although everyone’s favorite (celebrated has taken root here better. It is known that World Children’s Day on November 20 is dedicated to the one adopted on the same day, but only in 1989. It came into effect in 1990, and in Russia - in 1994. Already in beginning of XXI century (in 2000), another document was created prescribing the main indicators of health and population development that should be achieved by 2015 throughout the world. It is called the “Millennium Declaration”, and the main part of it is devoted to the child.
Unusual facts about children around the world
World Children's Day (November 20) was created specifically to make us think once again about the smallest and most valuable creatures in our lives. After all, children are very vulnerable.
The world of crumbs is a kind of fairy tale, on which their entire life will then depend. future life. Therefore, it should be filled with colors and magic every day. In general, speaking about children, it is important to know some interesting world facts about them, for example:
- V.A. Mozart - many do not recognize his innate genius, constantly reminding us that with him early age Father worked carefully. But classes are absolutely pointless if the child does not have perfect hearing and a sense of rhythm. Mozart composed entire works by the age of 5, and his first symphony by the age of 10.
- The intelligence of 2-year-old Oscar Wrigley had no equal. He's like this small age had an IQ of 160. At one time, such a gift of knowledge and logical thinking was endowed by A. Einstein. The kid was even a member of the club smart people planets.
- In Australia on this moment the most recorded a large number of cases of successfully born children conceived through artificial insemination.
- By the way, the moment a baby is born in some countries is not considered his date of birth. For example, in Korea, the nine months that he lived in the womb are necessarily added to the child’s age. In India, the day of conception is the starting point of a baby's life.
- The age of women who were able to give birth to a healthy baby can also be surprising. Thus, one Italian woman became a mother for the first time at the age of 63.
- The number of children born to one woman can be very large. One Russian peasant woman was able to give birth to 69 children in her 40 years.
November 20 - World Children's Day
In fact, it was thanks to this holiday that global issues related to the life of a child began to be resolved throughout the world. Organizations are being created to monitor After all, according to “terrible” statistics, in most of these cells of society, children do not live to be five years old.
Great results have been achieved in the healthcare sector: they are saving those children who were previously considered incurable. In terms of public policy, children are now not afraid to express their opinions and make decisions on their own. important decision. Throughout the year, but especially on November 20 (World Children's Day), big job for babies. The Children's Fund was founded at the base, whose activities are related to the health of children. Even pregnant women receive help, because already in the womb of the expectant mother it is so important to preserve
History of this event
Who and when was invented World Children's Day - a holiday on November 20? What are its goals? The main task was one - to protect and provide the best life for every child, regardless of his location on our vast planet. That is why, in 1954, all countries that were members of the UN received an order from the General Assembly, which was as follows: by 1956, it was necessary to prepare a project to introduce the holiday, dedicated to the Day children.
There were four main directions that world powers were supposed to follow based on this plan:
- child survival in this world: meaning physical health and his moral state;
- child development: their access to preschool institutions, schools, sports facilities, etc.;
- defence from negative influence external environment;
- participation in the life of the society to which children belong.
On international level On November 20 (World Children's Day) it is customary to celebrate a holiday called Universal Children's Day. But each country is allowed to choose its own national option. By the way, the date of this significant event was not immediately determined. But after some time the issue was raised at a UN meeting. This was done after signing some important documents:
- 1959 - Declaration of the Rights of the Child;
- 1989 - Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Holiday traditions
November 20 is World Children's Day - this is the best reason to do good deeds, such as charity. This, by the way, is what various people do on this holiday. famous people and organizations.
The popular chain of fast food restaurants McDonald΄s has been holding promotions dedicated to this day for several years. Let's say, having paid the bill for food, you automatically donate some amount from it to orphanages and for the treatment of seriously ill children. Or, by buying a toy or thing, you save someone’s life. After all, we all always need support, and little vulnerable creatures especially.
Congratulations and gifts
You, as parents, can create magic for your children, as they say, even in gray everyday life. And on November 20th (World Children's Day), do something special for them every year. Decorate your home balloons, bake a cake and spend the evening with your family. The main thing is not expensive gifts and poems of your own composition, but attention, love and care.
Any holiday for a child will be more beautiful if it is spent close to loved ones. On this day, try to fill your home with warmth and comfort, invite grandparents, set the table and constantly be with your child. It is from such a celebration that he will have the most vivid and pleasant memories.
The protection of human rights is guaranteed by the state. Exist legislative norms related to ensuring the favorable development of the child and personality formation. The prosperity of society depends on the level of his education and moral qualities. The international holiday calls for paying attention to minor members of society.
When is it celebrated?
World Children's Day is celebrated on November 20 in many developed countries. The event was established by Resolution No. 836 (IX) of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1954. The date is not a national holiday in Russia, but the actions associated with it are supported by the authorities.
Who's celebrating
For the celebrations on the occasion International Day All children are related to the child. Their parents, relatives, and close people take part in the events. Teachers, educators, human rights activists and charity organisations relevant specialization. It is celebrated by everyone who is associated with pedagogy in their profile.
History and traditions of the holiday
The event dates back to 1954. On December 14, a meeting of the UN General Assembly took place. The result was the adoption of a document recommending that countries around the world establish a similar holiday in 1956. The Organization later decided to hold events on November 20th. The selected date has symbolic meaning. It commemorates the signing of the “Declaration of the Rights of the Child” in 1959.
The event is marked by numerous actions aimed at protecting the rights of minors. In the West, demonstrations and flash mobs (collective actions according to a predetermined scenario) take place. The question of the appropriateness of abortion is raised. The discussions discuss the moral side of such operations. Supporters of the ban on abortion march through the streets with slogans and posters. They make demands on legislative level prohibit a medical procedure.
Charitable foundations collect money, things, textbooks for orphanages and low-income families. Public organizations organize educational sessions in various institutions, including schools. Listeners are told about the basic rights of minors. Mechanisms for counteracting and preventing violations of the law are described.
World Children's Day 2019 is marked by events in major cities. During these meetings, leaflets and reminders are distributed. Issues of hunger and poverty are raised. It talks about the scale of the problems and ways to overcome them. Famous cultural figures, artists, and show business stars record videos. They urge people to treat children with care and attention, and not to be indifferent to the difficulties they face.
In anticipation world day Seminars, conferences, and lectures are organized to help children. Certificates of honor, prizes, and valuable gifts are awarded to human rights activists, public figures, teachers for outstanding achievements. Many families support the tradition of congratulating their children. Facilities mass media publish stories about ongoing events. Programs dedicated to education issues are broadcast. The plots tell stories about the lives of orphanages. Their adoptive parents become the subjects of interviews.
In Russia, it is more widely celebrated, set on June 1. Senior officials usually mention in their speeches memorable date. Authorities organize sports competitions, exhibitions of photographs, crafts, and drawings. Cultural institutions hold performances creative teams with song and dance numbers.
World Children's Day is celebrated on November 20 in 125 countries, including Russia. The event was established by Resolution No. 836 (IX) of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1954. The date chosen has a symbolic meaning. It commemorates the signing of the “Declaration of the Rights of the Child” in 1959. On November 20, 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted, which currently has international status legal document. That is why the name of the holiday is sometimes referred to as International Children's Rights Day.
The main goal of World Children's Day is to focus public attention on the problems existing with the birth rate and the education of new citizens. And also emphasize that one of the most important tasks of the state is to protect minors from all types of violence and respect their legal rights and interests.
Regulatory framework for the protection of children's rights
The main UNICEF international documents related to children's rights include:
- Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959)
- UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
- World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children (1990)
Declaration of the Rights of the Child is the first international document. The 10 principles set out in the Declaration proclaim the rights of children: to a name, a nationality, love, understanding, material support, social protection and providing opportunities to receive education and develop physically, morally and spiritually in conditions of freedom and dignity.
The Declaration pays special attention to the protection of the child. Based on the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, an international document was developed - the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Based on the Convention, they are developing regulatory documents federal and regional levels.
To create and develop a mechanism for the implementation of the child’s rights to protection, declared in the Convention and guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, our country has adopted whole line legislative acts - Family Code of the Russian Federation, Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation”, Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”.
Family Code of the Russian Federation - legal document family relations based on the current Constitution of the Russian Federation and new civil legislation.
Section IV of the Family Code of the Russian Federation is entirely devoted to the rights and responsibilities of parents and children. Of particular interest are Chapter 11, “Rights of Minor Children,” and Chapter 12, “Rights and Responsibilities of Parents.”
The Family Code of the Russian Federation legislates generally recognized principles and norms international law“a child to life and upbringing in a family, to protection, to the opportunity to freely express his opinion.”
In order to “create legal, socio-economic conditions for the realization of the rights and legitimate interests of the child” provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in Russian Federation" This law identifies a special category of children in need of protection from the state (children with disabilities, victims of armed and ethnic conflicts, children with behavioral problems, children whose livelihoods are disrupted as a result of current circumstances and who cannot overcome these circumstances on their own or with the help of families).
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child gives a definition of the concept " cruel treatment"and defines measures of protection (Article 19), and also establishes:
ensuring to the maximum extent possible the healthy development of the child (Article 6);
protection from arbitrary or unlawful interference in the personal life of a child, from attacks on his honor and reputation (Article 16); ensuring measures to combat disease and malnutrition (Article 24);
recognition of the right of every child to a standard of living adequate for physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development(v. 24); protection of a child from sexual assault (Article 34); protection of the child from other forms of abuse (Article 37);
measures to help a child who is a victim of cruel treatment (Article 39).
The Criminal Code provides for liability:
for committing physical and sexual violence, incl. and in relation to minors (Articles 106 - 136); for crimes against family and minors (Articles 150 - 157).
“Family Code of the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 1995 No. 223-FZ guarantees:
The child’s right to respect for his human dignity (Article 54);
The child’s right to protection and the duties of the guardianship and trusteeship authority to take measures to protect the child (Article 56);
The measure “deprivation of parental rights” as a measure to protect children from abuse in the family (Article 69);
Immediate removal of a child in the event of an immediate threat to life and health (p. 77).
Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” asserts the right of children studying in all educational institutions, to “respect for their human dignity” (Article 5) and provides for administrative punishment teaching staff for physical and mental “violence against the personality of a student or pupil” (Article 56).
The following can be considered a violation of the rights of a child:
Deprivation of freedom of movement.
A parent leaving home for several hours and leaving the child alone (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation suggests that locking someone out for a long time is qualified as a failure to fulfill the duties of raising a minor).
Use of physical violence against a child.
Humiliation of the child’s dignity - rude remarks, statements addressed to the child (instills in the child embitterment, self-doubt, inferiority complex, low self-esteem, isolation, cowardice, sadism)
Threats against a child.
Lies and failure by adults to keep their promises.
Lack of basic care for the child, neglect of his needs.
Lack of normal food, clothing, housing, education, medical care.
Childhood is a wonderful and carefree time. The child studies and learns new things, and, of course, parents should always be with him, support his first steps towards adult life. After all, children are the future of any state; a lot depends on how they grow up. And I want to do everything possible so that there are fewer children in the world who are deprived of family warmth and are forced to live in inhumane conditions. And the events of World Children's Day will only help in this important mission.
This holiday was first proposed to be celebrated back in 1954. General Assembly became interested in creating a special day that would improve the well-being of children around the world. A few years later, on November 20, 1959, the UN signed the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Since then, “World Children’s Day” has been celebrated on November 20, which is becoming more and more popular every year. different countries peace.
Despite the fact that enough time has passed since this holiday was organized, the problem of children in the world has not ceased to be relevant. High mortality among children continues to be one of the most important problems of all humanity. According to the UN, every year 11 million children die before the age of five. The main causes of death of children are disease, poverty, discrimination, and violence. Children, who are defenseless in the world of adults, need their help like no one else. No less acute problems for children in many countries of the world are: abuse in families, lack of education, homelessness.
On World Children's Day it is customary to celebrate various events, which are dedicated to the problems of children, charity events aimed at helping orphanages, orphanages medical institutions, sick children, children from poor families. Charity concerts and festivals, as well as donations from everyone, are a significant contribution to the development of a society that takes care of all children without exception. And, of course, this holiday is designed to cultivate among parents and all people love for children and the importance of a reverent attitude towards them.
Child rights video
A large selection of books for adults and children can be found in electronic library. Visit the library website
Scenario
class hour
Target.
Introduce students to the traditions of the holiday.
Tasks.
1. Summarize children’s knowledge about the basic rights of the child, show the unity of rights and responsibilities.
2. Encourage children to protect their rights and cultivate respect for the rights of other people.
2. Contribute to the formation of an active life position.
Equipment.
1. Presentation.
2. Phonograms of songs.
3. Posters.
Quotes.
1. “Every child is to some extent a genius and every genius is to some extent a child” A. Schopenhauer.
2. “Childhood - when everything is surprising and nothing is surprising”
A. Rivarol.
3. “Children are holy and pure. You can’t make them the plaything of your mood.”
A. Chekhov.
Scenario.
I
. Greetings.
Autumn day in November -
Holiday on the calendar!
Day of gifts and flowers,
Are you ready to meet him?
Extend your hand with a smile
German, Russian, Yakut,
To an Englishman, an Estonian -
Let the sun shine brighter!
So that we can live peacefully
People in joy, love,
Adults all over the planet
Today they give a holiday to children!
Natalia Maidanik
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Guys, November 20 is International Children's Day.(Universal Children's Day) , Children's Rights Day. The date November 20 was not chosen by chance. It is noteworthy because it was on this date in 1959 that the General Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. The document combined 10 fundamental principles and declared its ultimate goal to “provide children with happy childhood".
And in 1989, also on November 20, the Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted, which obliges all countries to provide children good life. The Convention entered into force on September 2, 1990.
November 20 is also International Children's Rights Day. Did you know that from birth you have your rights, which are protected by the most main organization on our soil - the United Nations. (show a slide with the UN emblem and a link to the official website
). This is authoritative international organization arose after the Second World War, which deprived tens of millions of people of their main right - the right to life. To prevent a third world war, the peoples of the whole world united in the United Nations.
Unfortunately, our world has not become safe: wars, terrorist attacks, crimes, accidents, natural disasters, famine and epidemics. Even adults strong people cannot withstand these dangers, but children are the most defenseless. They are even in peaceful life need special care and attention from adults.
II. Children's rights.
1. Game "Right to a name."
Today we will talk about your rights.
How many of you know your rights? The guys call:
The right to live.
The right to a name at birth.
Right to medical care.
Right to education.
The right to rest and leisure.
The right to have property.
The right to freely express your views.
Right to free movement.
The right to freedom and upbringing by parents.
Right to comprehensive development and respect for human dignity.
Right to privacy, family life, inviolability of home, secrecy of correspondence.
Let's dwell on Right to a name at birth and let's play the game "Names". Conditions of the game.
Each of you in the chain must quickly rise from your seat, say your name and add an adjective that begins with the same letter (example: Anna - Neat, etc.). (Students say their name, adding an adjective to it).
Guys, do you have the right to your names? How do you think?
Can you prove that your name is exactly that and not another?
Your first and last names and dates of birth are recorded on the birth certificate. What else is written there, who knows? ( Conversation with students). Your parents' names are written there. And also the fact that you are citizens of Russia. This means that the state protects your rights, including your right to a name.
2. Mini-lecture “Convention on your rights.”
- Where are all the rights of children written down? ( Conversation with students).
Guys, all the rights of children around the world are written down in a special document, the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This document was adopted on November 20, 1989 by the United Nations.
A convention is an agreement. This means that all states that have signed this Convention have agreed to protect the rights of children.
- I suggest you pay attention to the cards that were distributed to you. This is a reminder of your fundamental rights as reflected in the Convention.
3. Game “Determine which of the fairy tale characters is deprived of the following rights” . (Prepare slides depicting fragments from fairy tales)
1. Right to life (“Kolobok”)
2. Right to inviolability of home (“The Three Little Pigs”)
3. The right to freedom of marriage (“Thumbelina”)
4. The right to live and be raised in a family (“Morozko”)
5. The right to rest and leisure (“Cinderella”)
6. Cruel, inhumane treatment, exploitation of minors (“The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Pinocchio”)
4. Make up a word.
(show a slide of an encrypted word and call a student ready to answer)
Make up a word:
Nokevnitsa - Convention
gousardtsov - State
life - life
rboazoavine – education
5. Competition “Songs about rights”.
(Prepare musical fragments of songs)
A song is performed for each subgroup. Players must say what rights it refers to.
1. “Song of the Bremen Town Musicians” (right to freedom of movement).
2. “What they teach at school” (the right to education).
3. “On a steep bank” from the cartoon “The Adventures of Leopold the Cat” (right to rest).
4. “Song about Parents” from the film “Pippi Longstocking” (the right to be raised in a family).
- Concluding the conversation about children’s rights, I propose to listen to the poem - a wish and think about the implementation of what right of yours it talks about.
On this day I want to wish,
So that every child in the world
Both father and mother were waiting at home,
They looked after, cherished, loved.
Let there be no abandoned guys,
To everyone - a family, father and mother,
A house in which there is always peace and harmony,
A house where there is no fighting.
Let children's laughter flow from the windows,
Let children's smiles shine.
I congratulate everyone today,
From the bottom of my heart, from the bottom of my heart, congratulations!
(Right to family upbringing).
III. Responsibilities of children.
1. Analysis of situations “Rights and responsibilities”.
Guys, every person has rights. But they can only be used when the rights of other people are not violated. Respecting the rights of other people is the responsibility of every person. Do we always do this?
Discussion on the topic “One person’s rights end where another person’s rights begin.”
I suggest you watch a few scenes and evaluate the behavior of the characters. Whose rights are they violating? What duties are not fulfilled?
(sketch performed by representatives of each subgroup)
Scene 1
Mother. Turn the music down immediately! It's already midnight, you'll wake up the whole house!
Son. And I have the right to rest and leisure! I'm used to relaxing with loud music!
Leading:- Please help the child figure out who is wrong here.
The students answer.(Example: The son violates the neighbors' right to rest in silence. He does not respect the rights of other people).
Scene 2
Teacher. Olya, you are on duty today, please wipe the board and water the flowers.
Olya. You have no right to force me to be on duty! The Convention on the Rights of the Child prohibits violence against children!
Leading:- Please explain to Ole what she is wrong about.
The students answer.(Example: In addition to rights, Olya also has duties - as an attendant (like all children in the class). In addition, there is an obligation to respect the rights of other people to cleanliness in the classroom. Her rights are valid if the rights of others are not violated!), etc. .
Scene 3
Teacher. Ivanov, you painted the desk in the math room again! After all, the children just washed it!
Ivanov. What's wrong with that? I have the right to do my favorite thing - drawing!
Leading:- Who will explain to Ivanov his rights and obligations?
The students answered ut (Example: other students have the right to sit at a clean desk. Ivanov must respect the rights of other students).
Scene 4
Teacher. Petrov, why did you run around the classroom during recess?
Petrov. So what? I have the right to freedom of movement!
Leading:- Is Petrov’s reasoning correct?
Students. His classmates have the right to rest. And he ran around and violated their rights. Petrov does not respect the rights of other people.
Scene 5
Mother. Son, why didn’t you take out the trash can and go get some bread?
Son. Because the United Nations prohibits the use of child labor!
Leading:- What a fighter for children's rights! Maybe he's right?
Students express their opinion.
Conclusion.
-
What is more valuable than anything in the world? Ask this question to any adult and you will certainly get the answer - our children.
“We wouldn’t agree to part with you for any treasure in the world. You know that yourself.
- And even for one hundred thousand million crowns? - asked the Kid.
- And even for one hundred thousand million crowns!
- So, am I worth that much? - The Kid was amazed.
“Of course,” mom said and hugged him again.
The kid began to think: one hundred thousand million crowns - what a huge pile of money! Can it really cost that much?” (Malysh and Carlson).
There are many holidays in the world,
Can't count them all!
Loved by adults and children
Meet them together!
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