The origin of the name Danil is rooted in the distant past; history takes it to the lands of Israel and Biblical times. The biblical prophet bore the name Daniel. Owners of this name and his relatives will be interested to know about the talismans that patronize Dana, and about the man’s fate in career, love and marriage.

All Danils can undoubtedly be proud of the name, and there are reasons for this. Today, as before, a name is an integral part of a person’s personality, which is why it is so important to know what it carries, to know its translation and history of origin. A person hears it every day and several times a day, which cannot but affect his behavior and intentions.

To understand what the name Danil means, historians turn from its Slavic form to the Hebrew roots - the name Daniel. Its interpretation means God or God's judgment. The peculiarity of the abbreviated name Danya originates from the prophet Daniel, who at the court of the ancient kings was the main seer and soothsayer.

“Daniil” entered the Russian naming system full form"Danilo" along with others Christian names, according to the provisions of Orthodox canons and calendars. Despite the fact that the name originated in ancient Israel, Orthodox people accepted it and immediately fell in love with it for its melodic sound, giving it a righteous meaning.

It was the biblical roots that became the basis for the considerable popularity of the name Danil among Orthodox Christians, which today occupies a leading position in the ranking of modern names for boys.

Linguists call derivatives of Daniel following forms: Danilka and Danya, Danka and Danechka, Dusya and Danusya. But if you turn to the history of other nations, you can find other names similar to Danila:

  1. In France it is Daniel or short Dani.
  2. In Germany there is a male Daniel and a female Daniela.
  3. In Serbia, Danilo and Daniel are popular for men, and Danila for women.
  4. Ancient Greek language gave us Daniel, Danielos;
  5. In Bulgaria, the masculine Daniel, Daniil and the feminine Daniala are especially popular.

They all have identical roots and origins. Nevertheless, all of them, due to linguistic forms and peculiarities of pronunciation, historical traditions, interpreted the very first Hebrew name of the Orthodox prophet.

The very first Orthodox patron is the prophet Daniel. He served as a prophet under 6 kings, bringing the word of God and faith in Christ, rejecting paganism. After the first prophet, other saints with the same name were elevated to the rank of saints.

According to Orthodox canons, the name days of all Daniels are celebrated often. In particular, Orthodox canons highlight the following dates:

  • in January - 2-3, 12th;
  • in March - 1st, 17th, 31st;
  • in April - on the 20th;
  • in June - 4-5 days;
  • in August - on the 30th;
  • in September – 12th and 25th;
  • in October - 4th;
  • in November - 25th.

This makes it possible to celebrate name days as close as possible to the date of birth, which pleases every Danila and his parents.

To name a boy Danila means to give him not only the favor of God, but also world fame.

Among the celebrities wearing it are the following personalities:

  1. Daniil Pevtsov is a Russian theater and film actor, the son of the famous People's Artist Dmitry Pevtsov.
  2. Daniil Soldatov - famous actor Russia.
  3. Daniil Strakhov is a Russian theater and film actor, laureate of the Government Prize.
  4. Danila Kozlovsky is an actor in the Russian Federation, known to young people for the films “We are from the Future”, “Viking”, “Crew” and many other films.

Of course, this is far from full list celebrities and famous people, bearing the name Daniel.

The Hebrew Daniel is multifaceted in character and definition. Its very essence can be interpreted in different ways, changing depending on when the boy was born. For the most part, these are good-natured and calm people, friendly to everyone, with a considerable amount of optimism and sociability.

Early childhood

Danila’s character as a child is calm and balanced; for parents, he will be the quietest baby who will not cause them any special problems. Thanks to the good nature, responsiveness and gentleness that Danya inherited from his mother, he has many friends.

But in the process of upbringing, parents should pay attention to the formation of his inner world: self-confidence, respect for his needs. If this is not laid down at the very beginning, others will take advantage of his kindness.

Teenager

IN adolescence This is a very active and inquisitive child. Not yet an adult, but no longer a child, he takes on many things at the same time, but rarely brings them all to their logical conclusion. His interests are very multifaceted, but at the same time they are superficial, so a teenager should understand everything a little.

He easily adapts to change, but as a friend he is tyrannical, because he does not tolerate competitors around him. He tries to behave courteously with those around him, with a considerable amount of charm, and it is for this reason that he is eagerly awaited in many companies.

There is no point in arguing with men named Daniel - his equanimity can unsettle even the calmest and most balanced person.

Grown man

In adult life All Daniels are calm and balanced, very reasonable, distinguished by their slowness in every judgment. Pragmatism and cold calculation take the place of youthful irascibility, which has a positive effect on fate. Such people encourage others to communicate; they exude a real charge of optimism even in the most difficult situations. life situation.

TO positive traits Danila's character can be attributed to:

  • diplomacy;
  • correctness in communication;
  • sense of tact and politeness.

With the help of these traits, he successfully resolves every dispute peacefully.

If a person betrays him, Daniel simply erases him from his life.

Among other things, Danila often wonders how right he is doing due to his strong-willed and strong character. Often such questions lead Danya to a negative answer, and that is why it is so important that he is surrounded faithful friends, capable of supporting Hard time on the chosen path.

All Danilovs have been in good health since childhood; such a child rarely gets sick. But this does not mean that you should neglect your health, not take care of yourself and do whatever you want.

All Danils love very unhealthy foods and dishes that they consume in large quantities, and therefore often suffer from:

  • gastrointestinal disorders;
  • excess weight.

It is important for them to monitor their diet and join the gym.

In more mature age Danila suffers from a busy pace of life, which leads to the development of chronic fatigue, which is difficult to get rid of. Therefore, it is important for them not to bring themselves to the point of overwork and to relax more in nature, going with their family to a seaside resort.

All men bearing the name Daniel do not strive for power and supremacy, and rarely move up career ladder. They prefer creative professions:

  1. Acting.
  2. Theater stages.
  3. Journalism.

Due to the fact that Dani is excellent at communicating with people, the following professions are suitable for them:

  1. Psychologist.
  2. Lawyer.

IN own business Danila will show himself to be an excellent entrepreneur: the ability to find an approach to everyone, make thoughtful and informed decisions will make him a successful businessman.

Oh good developed intuition and the habit of taking into account the inner voice will allow you to avoid many pitfalls and not make a mistake.

Sexuality

Daniel's sexuality is hidden behind a screen of calm and poise, because he is afraid of seeming too assertive. They are constrained in bed, but more experienced partners and mentors will help Dana cope with this.

In sex, for a man named Danya, not only the physiological side of the issue is important, but also spiritual unity - this is the only way they can reach the heights of bliss.

At the same time, it is important for them not only to satisfy their needs, but also to give joy to their partner.

Love and marriage for men named Daniel are not an empty phrase. In his relationship with every woman, he values ​​sincerity, putting it in first place over carnal pleasures, as well as common interests and building a family hearth. For them, the material wealth and appearance of their spouse is not important; they are often happy in marriage.

Such a man unmistakably chooses his wife at first sight, becoming a devoted husband and loving father.

Sex comes second for the family Danila, and therefore he is unlikely to go to the left, although in bed he is active and very temperamental. He loves his children madly, but you shouldn’t expect help from him in the household.

Compatibility with female names

Due to his character, Danila can get along with any woman. However, if we talk about Dani’s compatibility with female names, That:

  • he can achieve special harmony with Anastasia and Irina, Luda and Augusta, Maria;
  • It will be harder for him with Zina and Ksyusha, Toma and Raisa.

But as they say, you can’t order your heart. With harmonious relationships in the family, Danila can be a faithful spouse and loving father.

Like any name Danila has its own astrological symbols. The following points can be highlighted in this matter:

  1. The talisman stone for all Daniels is considered to be bright blue jasper.
  2. The patron planet is Mercury.
  3. The element of life is water.
  4. Totem animal – sperm whale and squirrel.
  5. totem plant- ash or buttercup.
  6. Happy day is Wednesday.
  7. Perfect time year - spring.
  8. Year - Pig.
  9. Color – blue or yellow

To believe in them or not is everyone’s business. But all these symbols were selected from ancient times by astrologers of their times.

Name horoscope

The name Daniel is more suitable for a boy or a man if he is born under the following zodiac signs:

  1. Sagittarius. It is Sagittarius who is able to embody in him the bright and pure energy of a child, mobility and generosity, openness to everything new.
  2. Fish. Pisces will make him more peaceful and calm, reveal his creative potential, revive his imagination, awakening his romantic nature.

Modern Danila, like his glorious ancestors, is an interesting and good-natured man, with good health, capable of achieving considerable heights in this life.

Name Daniel takes its roots from the Hebrew word " Daniel", which translated means " my judge is God», « judge of God" In the Bible Daniel is a Hebrew prophet. He was a soothsayer at the king's court, right hand King Nebuchadnezzar.

As a child, Daniil is a calm, smiling child. Basically, they are like their mother, kind, sympathetic, but have some cunning. They are interested in football, tennis, wrestling, and gymnastics.

The name Daniel is quite calm, so its owner is inclined to display such qualities as leisureliness, fairly moderate activity, and the ability to concentrate. Fearing to look awkward in society, he tries to emphasize his intelligence, which is why parents should develop Daniil’s sense of taste from childhood. In the process of raising him, it will not be superfluous if you instill in him more self-confidence, as well as respect for the people around him, including yourself.

People named Daniel are not aggressive or hot-tempered; even a strong negative emotion is not able to find support in them. Indeed, what can darken his life is internal soul-searching, this is most noticeable during adolescence, but can continue right up to marriage. But after getting married, Daniel is distracted from all this, completely switching to organizing the well-being of his family.

Daniels born in winter are very talented, although it is much more difficult for them to communicate with others. Daniels born in autumn are quite pragmatic, calculating and to some extent selfish. They choose the professions of a doctor, engineer, artist, musician, administrator, teacher, driver, builder, entrepreneur. In marriage they are mostly successful. They love children very much, but they don’t want to help around the house. Very hospitable and sociable. Excessively kind towards family and friends.
Daniels, born in winter, are quick-tempered, but fortunately they are not vindictive, they are able to quickly recover from this state and go to peace. They are kind and sympathetic, and practically do not change with age. Not picky, very careful, preferentialists.

The ability for long reflection and observation can reveal qualities in Daniel a good psychologist. Therefore, in relationships with women, flashy appearance does not play a significant role, the main thing is that she is a good, kind and sincere person.
These are his spiritual qualities will help Daniil achieve success in various fields of activity. Even without experiencing any special attraction to independent independent work, he may well be good leader.

The famous Daniil is the writer Daniil Granin. He was born into an ordinary family of a forester, graduated from the Faculty of Electromechanics, then worked at a factory. During the Great Patriotic War fought in tank forces. Became a member of the CPSU, worked at a research institute, was elected people's deputy. It began publishing in 1949, its main direction is realism and scientific and technical poetry.
This man did not have an easy life, he had to endure difficult years war, but he moved forward and did not break down, achieved his goals in life, was engaged in what he loved. Received many awards and titles. Truly a strong man.

When communicating with Daniel, it’s easy to challenge him to an open argument, but give in negative emotions he will not, rather, patiently defend his point of view. He will willingly lend you a helping hand, but if some kind of trick is noticed, then here you will lose his trust and respect.

Astrology says:

Zodiac sign corresponding to the name: Cancer

Patron planet: Pluto

Character traits: Non-conflict, reasonable, direct, thoughtful

Name colors: Warm shades of brown and red

Lucky colors: Warm shade of dark blue

Patron saints of the name: Pereyaslavsky Daniel (April 20), Stylite Daniel (December 24), Prophet Daniel (December 30)

Talisman stone: Blue jasper and lapis lazuli

Names: origin and forms

Daniel- (from Hebrew) my judge is God.

Spoken: Danil, Danila.
Old: Danilo.
Derivatives: Danilka, Danisha, Danya, Danusya, Dusya.

The mystery of the name oculus.ru

Daniel- my judge is God (Hebrew).
The Russian folk form of the name is Danila.
In the 19th century, this name was a peasant one. Now it is becoming more common as a middle ground between the common, “simple” and the special, rare.
Zodiac name: Twins.
Planet: Mercury.
Name color: blue-gray.
Talisman stone: blue jasper.
Auspicious plant: ash, buttercup.
Patron name: squirrel.
Happy day: Wednesday.
Happy time of the year: spring.
Main features: calm, self-absorption.

NAME DAYS, PATRON SAINTS

Daniil Grekhozarutsky (Uglichsky), abbot, martyr, June 5 (May 23).
Daniel the Egyptian, Caesarea (Palestinian), martyr, March 1 (February 16).
Daniil Moskovsky, Prince, March 17 (4), September 12 (August 30).
Daniel (in schema Stefan) Nivertsky, Egyptian, venerable, confessor, December 30 (17).
Daniil Nikopolsky (Armenian), martyr, July 23 (10). Among the other 45 in Nikopoli, after suffering for the faith of Christ, he was burned (IV century).
Daniil Pereyaslavsky, Archimandrite, April 20 (7). He secretly left the young men parents' house and entered a monastery, devoting himself to serving his neighbors. He became famous for his ability to perform miracles (16th century)
Daniel II of Serbia, Archbishop, September 12 (August 30), January 3 (December 20).
Daniil Stylite, Rev., December 24 (11).
Daniil Shuzhgorsky, Rev., October 4 (September 21).
Daniel the Prophet, December 30 (17), one of the four great prophets (others: Ezekiel, Isaiah and Jeremiah). 600 years before the birth of Christ, he accurately indicated the time of Christ’s coming into the world. The Book of Daniel describes how he lived in the court of Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar as a captive and rose to a position of influence through his skill in interpreting dreams. The book of the prophet tells how three of Daniel's companions - Shadach, Meshach and Abednego - were thrown into a burning furnace because they refused to worship the golden statue erected by Nebuchadnezzar as a deity. But God did not allow the righteous to die innocently; He sent an angel from heaven who cooled the fire, and the three young men came out of the oven unharmed. This theme is one of the earliest in Christian art and is already found in the wall paintings of the Roman catacombs. In the book of the prophet Daniel there is a story about how he himself was thrown into the den of lions for disobedience to the religious demands of the Persian king Darius and loyalty to the true God. And here God did not leave him. Seven days later the king returned and, finding Daniel alive and unharmed, he believed in the power of the Jewish God. The courtiers who plotted against Daniel were themselves thrown to the lions, who immediately tore them to pieces. Daniel is also the personification of wisdom and justice.

FOLK SIGNS, CUSTOMS

In Rus', on the Saturday before Christmas, a “cave” action was played out in the church - “three youths in a fiery cave.”
On July 23, on the day of Daniel the Martyr, old women healers collected healing dew for healing: a clean canvas is passed early in the morning across the dewy grass until the canvas gets wet, and then they squeeze it into a vessel and store it in the cellar to heal against damage and the evil eye.

NAME AND CHARACTER

Danilka as a child is a calm, balanced, smiling child, looking at the world with curiosity. Likes to play football, is interested in tennis, gymnastics, but only for health, and not for the sake of sports results. Rarely can anyone imagine what is languishing within him creativity, therefore, it can develop only under a happy coincidence of circumstances. However, he will be an excellent specialist in any case.

The adult Daniel remains a calm person, who does not like to rush, and is reserved. His mental storms pass unnoticed by prying eyes. Outwardly, he is always smiling, friendly, and does not raise his voice. Sometimes he seems a little timid, but he has masculine strength and pride.

Daniel does not tolerate lies, he can flare up, but he quickly calms down and does not remember evil. Daniel is too deep in his inner world to focus on the negative qualities of other people.

Daniil painfully experiences the betrayal of his friends, but he himself can sometimes forget about someone, remember when it is necessary to use them.

Daniel has a highly developed imaginative perception, so he can become an actor or artist. But he can also be a scientist, designer, entrepreneur, cook, driver, builder, or work in the field of electronics. Whatever he does, work is always for him

will come first. Vivid imagination, improvisation, passion, ability to work with his hands - all together help Daniil achieve creative success.

Daniel's self-absorption and serious internal reflections make him a good psychologist, his intuition is also impeccable, so he often chooses his wife unmistakably, at first sight. At the same time, flashy appearance is not important to him, the main thing for him is to be sweet, kind, soulful person, usually a colleague. Usually the wife is more active, she manages him, guides him through life. Daniil is devoted to his family, loves children, but, due to his busy schedule, does not spend much time with them.

Daniel loves his home, treats it with care, and together with his wife he improves it, preferring antique things.

Family and family ties are important to Daniil; he spends holidays with relatives. His house is open to guests, he is sociable and hospitable, he dances well and sings in company. He drinks in moderation and sometimes gets into cards. Rarely, but Daniel has a second marriage. His union with Anna, Lyubov, Lyudmila, Nina, Olga, Polina, Tamara, Tatyana may be successful.

Surname: Daniilovich, Danilovich, Danilovna, Danilovna.

NAME IN HISTORY AND ART

Daniil Abbot (? - 1122) - the first Russian pilgrim to leave a description of the holy land. Its circulation dates back to 1106-1107. He went to Palestine to see “that coveted land and holy places where Christ endured passion for the sake of us sinners.”

He wandered around the Palestinian land for several months and described in detail everything that he saw, the places where Jesus Christ walked. He spoke about the city of Jerusalem and the Jordan River, about Bethlehem, near which Jesus was born in a cave, about Capernaum, where He healed people, about the Sea of ​​Tiberdia, about Mount Lebanon, and spoke in detail about Mount Tabor and the place on it where Christ was transfigured: “The place the Holy Transfiguration is tightly fenced around with a rocky fence. There are iron gates at that fence... And in front of that fence there is a beautiful field, it turned out wonderfully and amazingly by God that there is water here at such a height; for there is a lot of water on that mountain, on the very top; at the top of it. Therefore, on that mountain there are good fields and vineyards, and many fruit trees, and you can see from it very far.”

Daniel talks fully and in detail about the holy churches, monasteries and retells the legends associated with them. The abbot tells in detail about the topography of the area: “But this is the way to Jerusalem. From Constantinople you have to go along the seashore three hundred miles to the Great Sea. To Petola Island, a hundred miles; this is the first island on the narrow sea; there is a good bay and there is the city of Irakli. great..."

Hegumen Daniel described these places not for the sake of geographical interest, but so that people would mentally follow him through these places and receive benefits for their souls. The purpose of his journey is not geographical, but spiritual.

Daniel's "walk" was very popular and is preserved in a large number of lists, the oldest of which dates back to 1475. "Walking" wears different names: “The Life and Walk of Daniel”, “Pilgrim Daniel Abbot”, “The Wanderer”, “The Book of the Verb The Wanderer”.

Published with the kind permission of the Oculus project - astropsychology.

In early childhood, he is a calm, gentle and affectionate baby. He is very smiling and gets along well with children. The name itself largely contributes to this development of character, because Daniel even sounds soft and measured.

WITH early childhood The boy shows an acute aversion to lying, which is usually not typical for children, who often look for an opportunity to cheat or deceive. Despite his gentleness and calmness, Danya can by no means be called a quiet or withdrawn child. He loves active games and often chooses sports activities such as tennis, football, gymnastics, and martial arts.

The bearer of this name does not strive for high performance. For him, playing is simply great fun. Danikas have great creative potential, they can sing, dance, play music, so parents need to work hard to reveal and develop his incredible abilities.

As a teenager, Daniel retains his calmness, gentleness and kindness. He becomes quite impressionable, so his first love, some failures or disappointments can cause him strong feelings. Relatives should be attentive to the boy during this period.

Studying comes easy to Daniel. One of his traits is curiosity. Therefore, if he is lucky and meets a bright, talented teacher, he will be able to ignite in the boy true love to your subject and will even to some extent help you decide on an occupation in the future. But lack of contact with teachers can completely kill interest in learning, and it will become a simple chore for a teenager.

He never lets loose strong emotions, and a critical situation only forces him to concentrate and mobilize. Reasoning and well-developed intuition help him resolve even the most difficult life situations.

The man Daniel is a very fair, calm, balanced and reserved person. It is unlikely that you will ever see him shouting, harsh or aggressive. For this he is highly respected by those around him.

Even in the most crucial and exciting moments, he maintains composure, as if immersed in himself. Such behavior invariably commands respect. In a dispute, he will not put pressure on his interlocutor. His style is to methodically and convincingly defend his point of view, trying to convey his opinion in a simple but convincing form.

The name Daniel is rare and it endows its owner with traits no less rare for modern men. He is not characterized by feelings of envy or rancor, he does not get hung up on searching for negative qualities in people, he is open and good-natured.

Popular Slavic name Daniel (Daniel) has only one meaning: “judge of God.”

Origin of the name

Many people mistakenly believe that beautiful things are originally Russian male name Danila. The meaning of the name for a child clearly shows that the nickname was invented by the first Christians, which means that it was first used by the ancient Jews.

The famous prophet Daniel, who served under the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar (c. 6th century BC), is noted in biblical writings as a great predictor and clairvoyant of Jewish origin.

general characteristics

Little Danechka is a gift from fate. This lively, playful child grows up practically without illness or whims, delighting his household with a constant good mood.

Danilka has a pronounced mathematical mind: he easily analyzes the events and actions of those around him, extracting for himself important principles. The child independently builds his own value system and is sure that it is a priori correct.

IN school years Danya proves himself to be a diligent, diligent student. Often, the authority of the teacher becomes more important to him than the authority of his always busy parents, because the guy is ready to absorb all day long new information, and teachers help him with this.

Sometimes it’s hard to communicate with Danil: he likes to teach and ask questions tricky questions, boldly points out to people their shortcomings, but critically perceives comments addressed to him.

The bearer of the prophetic nickname has a talent for creativity: music, dancing, vocals, drawing, origami - he takes on any task with enthusiasm. When encouraging your son's endeavors, do not allow him to quit when the first excitement wears off. Otherwise, Daniel may develop bad trait- leaving everything halfway - and this will greatly hinder the young man in the future and will negatively affect his career.

Being a generator of ideas and a creative engine of any profession, Danila still needs patronage and a strong guiding hand. Therefore, it is better for a guy to be a performer than to become a leader large company. Or even study at all creative profession without feeling dependent on anyone.

Positive character traits

Danila is faithful to his family: he adores his mother, respects and obeys his father, educates and entertains his younger brothers and sisters while the adults are busy. He good friend, generous and selfless.

Daniel's soul is very sensitive and subtle. The boy perceives the smallest details of the invisible, spiritual universe, he takes care of bringing positive colors and emotions into the gray everyday existence. There is never a dull moment with this creative, inventive boy.

Negative character traits

Danil is characterized by excessive self-criticism. Where others will not even see a mistake, Danechka will notice a colossal (in his opinion) error and begin to torment himself, accusing himself of inattention, clumsiness and stupidity. Daniel will cope with his tendency to self-flagellation if his parents constantly praise the boy and focus on his strengths character.

Often Danila lacks self-organization, he grabs onto one task without completing another, then a third... As a result, his interest in a new activity quickly fades away, and a lot of things remain unfinished. Surrounded by young man There should always be someone who will help him not to be distracted and determine priority task, requiring Danya’s expenses more than other matters.

Zodiac sign

For the name Danila, the most harmonious combination is with the sign Gemini.
Multifaceted Mercury is the patron planet of the bearer of the name.
Pastel gray and blue tones in clothes will highlight Dani’s charismatic appearance.
Blue Jasper used as an amulet will calm the sensitive nervous system child.

Diminutive

Dan, Danya, Danechka, Danusya, Danilka, Danusya, Danik, Danyasha, Dasya, Danka, Danilushka, Danusya, Danyashechka, Dasechka.

Name options

Daniil, Danilo, Daniel, Dani, Daniel.

Historical figures

1201 – 1264 – Prince of Galicia and Volyn Daniil Galitsky.
1350 – 1428 – icon painter, monk Daniil Cherny.
Unknown - 1493 - Prince Daniil Kholmsky.
1654 – 1734 – Ukrainian military man, statesman Danilo Apostol.
1660 – 1731 – publicist, writer Daniel Defoe.
1782 – 1871 – French composer Daniel Aubert.
1881 – 1940 – Russian meteorologist, astronomer Daniil Svyatsky.
1928 – 1999 – Soviet actor Daniil Netrebin.
1974 – 2009 – Moscow clergyman Daniil Sysoev.
Born 1945 – Polish actor Daniel Olbrychski.
Born 1969 – Honored Artist of Russia, actor Daniil Spivakovsky.
Born 1973 - Duke, husband Swedish Crown Princess Daniel of Westergotland.
Born 1976 – Russian actor Daniil Strakhov.
Born 1979 – Russian actor Daniil Belykh.
Born 1981 – Russian actor, teacher Danila Dunaev.
Born 1982 - American musician Daniel Murillo.
Born 1983 – Russian serial actor Danila Dunaev.
Born 1985 – Russian film actor Danila Kozlovsky.
Born 1986 – Brazilian football player Danilo de Silva.
Born 1989 – world-class professional gamer Danilo Ishutin.