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On this page, I post links to everything you need (in my opinion) to learn modern Greek on your own. There are a lot of websites, books, programs, but they all repeat each other in some sense, or the material is presented there only partially, or without examples, or something else. I understand all the greed when you want to download as many courses, self-study guides, grammar reference books, etc. But chasing the number of books found is not an option in language learning, it is better to use less literature, but better quality. And instead of reading three tutorials in parallel, it is better to go through at least one to the end. Therefore, below I give the links that I consider the most useful for beginners, basic, basic, although they can be useful for those who have been studying the Greek language for a long time and deeply:
Self-instruction manuals
Rytova M.L. Practical course. It was once the only Greek textbook in Russian. And although the topics of the lessons are Soviet, often even boring, but the sequence of presentation of grammar I like most of all is from Rytovoy, because the rules are given in a comprehensive manner, without gaps.
Borisova A.B. Greek without tutor. (Try to download pdf hopefully the link is still valid. Also the most commonly used tutorial compared to Rytovoy I like the themes there more, simpler and more modern words, expressions, easier to remember. The book is often found in stores, on the Internet you can also find an archive consisting of djvu and mp3 files, I can not give a permanent link, because the files are constantly deleted for copyright infringement. But finding it and downloading it for free isn't that hard. And on VKontakte you can find audio files "Greek for Beginners".
G. Feller, M. Vorobyova. Self-study book of the Greek language. A modern method of learning Greek in 25 lessons. I didn't really understand why this method is modern, for me they still haven't invented another method of learning a foreign language than to work: listen-read-memorize-write. But also a good tutorial, with modern easy expressions.
Reference books
Greek Verbs is a great site for verbs in Modern Greek. It is very convenient to check and find out how verbs are conjugated, how they change in numbers, persons, there are all tenses, voices, moods and participles. For convenience, conjugations are shown in colors, verbs are conveniently divided into types (similar endings / similar conjugations). And although there are about 800 verbs, there are enough of them to grasp the rules of conjugation. Well, sooo useful thing.
A guide to Greek grammar. Second part. One of my favorite reference books, I especially like the fact that there are many (dozens, not two or three, as usual) examples of declension of nouns and adjectives in the Greek language.
Tresorukova I.V. Greek language. A grammar reference. This is the second guide, which I really like, there is a lot of information, everything is of high quality and convenient, sooo useful. The paper version can be bought in stores, but I have never seen it in my city. Therefore, links to this directory on the Internet constantly appear and are deleted, but with sufficient persistence it can be found and downloaded for free relatively easily. I highly recommend it!
Pronunciation
Internet polyglot: pronunciation of Greek words. Reading and pronunciation of Greek words at the initial stage causes certain problems, and when studying on your own, sometimes there is no one to ask. In this case, you can turn to the site "Internet polyglot", the Russian pronunciation of some words there is often strange, but the Greek - quite nothing, the words are divided into topics, you can play a memory game with pictures. But the best option for controlling the correctness of the reading of words is songs. Here on site Songs of Hellas there are enough of them - you can listen and read =)
A separate section with Greek grammar on the Songs of Hellas website, with tables of declension of nouns and examples of their use in songs. Perhaps I am getting closer to implementing my original idea - to create a website that helps you learn Greek through music. In the section, nouns are divided by gender and into groups depending on the type of declension, the rules by which nouns are declined are described. And examples are taken from songs, you can always listen and remember. It is very convenient to memorize a phrase from a song, then it comes by itself (even when it is not necessary :)). So far, this section is made only for masculine and feminine nouns, but this is just the beginning!
Additionally
Greek language with song: texts. When learning a language, it is important to read, a lot, but it is difficult to find your level when you know a little. They say that for comfortable reading it is necessary that the text contains no more than 40% of new words. On this site you can find many small and large texts, simple and not so, as well as parallel translations, which is also very convenient. And in general there is a lot of things there - proverbs, aphorisms, poems, comics, etc.
Ambar-Ellada is a large barn of Alexei Potrosov's Greek stuff, there are many links to useful resources, one way or another related to Greece and the study of the Greek language - this is music, radio, television, newspapers, and programs, and translations of Greek songs, etc. etc. etc.
Tests
Greek language proficiency tests. Simple tests to test your knowledge in the field of modern Greek, there are many tests, although they are the same.
Tests on the site "Songs of Hellas" for practicing declension of nouns on the machine.
When you move to another country as a child, learning a foreign language is easy, and, more recently, someone else's speech quickly becomes native. But, if you are already 18 years old and you do not possess special abilities for languages (and this was exactly the case in my case), then learning a foreign language can be a difficult task, especially if you need to learn Greek ...
Today I want to tell you how I learned the Greek language, perhaps my experience will come in handy and help someone in difficult times (yes, I even threw my notebooks, in full confidence that Greek is practically Chinese, and I will never master it).
How it all began.
Moving to Greece was not a spontaneous decision: I knew in advance that, one way or another, I would transfer to this wonderful country. Therefore, I decided to start preparing for the move by studying the Greek language. And then a problem arose: I don’t know how it is now, but 7 years ago there were simply no tutors or Greek language courses in Belarus. I had to start learning the language on my own. The means available to me included a few online language lessons and several Greek textbooks. I've written about the best books for learning Greek. Is it any wonder that by the time I moved, I had mastered only the alphabet and a few elementary grammatical constructions.
Yasu Malaka.
My integration into the language environment began with the building of the Athens airport, where I heard and learned my first two words in Greek. “Native speakers” pronounced these words so often that it was a sin not to remember. Guess what popular Greek words are you talking about? Of course, "yasu" is the Greek greeting / farewell and "malaka" - (uh, how to translate so that not to express) a curse. The word "malaka" in Greece has a kind of magical, almost sacred meaning.) The Greeks managed to give a completely ordinary meaning to the word, which originally meant a curse, and amicably use it in the company of friends or at work, to describe emotions or characterize things and events. And no one is offended by anyone. But I would not advise immigrants to use it, at least in the first couples.
From the ship to the ball.
Naturally, with knowledge of the alphabet and as much as 2 whole words in Greek, my path could only lie in group A (for beginners) of the Philosophy of the Shkholi University of Athens.
Exactly how to learn the language: independently or in courses, everyone chooses based on their preferences and capabilities, but I just needed () a diploma of knowledge of the Greek language, so my choice was predetermined.
During the courses, we were often repeated a phrase, the meaning and correctness of which I understood only some time later: "If you know the grammar of the Greek language, everything else will follow." At that time, I strongly disagreed with this statement. Years of studying the English language affected: taught, taught grammar at school, but what's the point? I began to speak and communicate freely in English only when I got into the language environment, and there was no one nearby who could understand Russian. Here, if you want, if you do not want, you will speak. At school, I, like other guys from the class, could not clearly connect several phrases in English with each other, despite the long hours spent learning grammar rules. Therefore, I did not believe the teachers in Greece, and I taught grammar solely because of the grammar test included in the upcoming exam.
As time has shown, the teachers were right. When you are in a linguistic environment (and not outside of it, as is the case with school English), knowledge of grammatical subtleties helps a lot. Within a year, I spoke Greek better than some foreigners who had lived in Greece for more than a dozen years. And all because even having a small vocabulary, but a good grammatical base, I clearly understood the "formula": how, what and why to say.
Thorny path.
If we talk about the very process of learning Greek, it was very difficult. The exam time was rapidly approaching, and knowledge and skills were accumulating very slowly.
Five days a week I attended courses, spent hours in the evenings doing huge homework, learning words. The clock was ticking, the deadlines were running out, and at some point bad thoughts crept into my head: I will never learn "THIS", I do not understand anything, and in general, I’m probably not a very capable student. If you are not "pressed" by the time and there is no certain fixed term, day "X", by which you need to know everything, everything, then learning the Greek language will be much easier and more enjoyable. If there is no time, then you will have to gather all your strength into a fist and “cram” further.
At some point, when my vocabulary expanded significantly, and in grammar I was already orienting myself like a fish in water, all the pieces of the puzzle came together. Everything went somehow unexpectedly quickly easily, very easily. I began to understand colloquial speech, speak Greek myself, read - all this began to be given without much effort, as something taken by itself. From this I drew an important conclusion: the main thing, when you are just starting to learn Greek, is to overcome yourself and in spite of the fact that many things still do not work out, that you do not understand something - just continue. And at some point, when the "skeleton of the language" is formed in your head, all subsequent knowledge will come by itself, without much effort on your part.
What helped me.
Undoubtedly, being in a language environment, the language is much easier to learn. But, even in Greece, many foreigners manage to stretch this process for decades. I want to give some recommendations that helped me and my friends to learn Greek faster.
No Russian channels! Especially at the beginning of the study of the Greek language, Russian television should be strictly prohibited. I have one friend who has lived in Greece for 15 years and can hardly connect 2-3 words in Greek. And if not for her love of programs and films in Russian, everything could have turned out differently.
Watch Greek TV series and foreign films with Greek captions. For me, this point was one of the most difficult, since I do not like serials in general, and even more so Greek. But, Greek TV shows are the key to understanding colloquial speech, so I had to watch. While TV shows improve listening comprehension skills, films with Greek captions will enrich your vocabulary and help you make fewer spelling mistakes when writing.
Greek songs. To be honest, I disagree with the fact that listening to songs will help you understand spoken language faster. Let me explain why: in order to hit the notes (and indeed the melody requires) the singer is forced somewhere to pull words, and somewhere to "eat" their parts. This is permissible for a song, but not for life. So it turns out that TV series or radio is much more effective. This is just my point of view, many argue that they learned the Greek language thanks to the songs.
Read on. Read as much as possible, try to find the kind of literature that you like: it can be Greek myths, children's stories, fiction, fashion magazines, and even just signs on the roads. The more you read, the faster your vocabulary will grow.
Ask. Feel free to ask what the unknown word means. Ask friends to point out your mistakes in speech. The fact is that when a foreigner at the very least has learned the Greek language and begins to speak with mistakes, they correct him, but exactly the first half hour. Then the Greeks begin to understand your speech even by mistakes, they get used to understanding you anyway, and stop pointing out mistakes. What happens next: making the same mistake 3-4 times a foreigner begins to think that since he is not being corrected, it means that he speaks correctly, and the word with a mistake "sticks" into his memory as a correct option. It is very difficult to retrain later.
Try to avoid communicating in English. I know from my own example that sometimes it is very difficult to do it. Especially when you want to quickly convey your idea to the interlocutor, and the vocabulary in Greek is still not enough. It turns out that it is much easier and faster to say a phrase in English than to “strain” the brain and fish out a word in Greek from the bins of memory. As a result, the study of Greek will drag on for an indefinite period.
PRONUNCIATION
- An initial course of phonetics based on the Rytova textbook http://www.topcyprus.net/greek/phonetics/phonetics-of-the-greek-language.html
- Description of phonetics http://www.omniglot.com/writing/greek.htm
- Details and features of Greek pronunciation with detailed tables and examples that you can listen to online (page in English): http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grphdetl.htm
GRAMMAR
6. View all forms of any word, find the initial form of the verb: http://www.neurolingo.gr/el/online_tools/lexiscope.htm
7. Portal Lexigram: dictionary of declension and conjugation of words http://www.lexigram.gr/lex/newg/#Hist0
8. Verbs and their forms, translation into English. language http://moderngreekverbs.com/contents.html
9. Conjugator - verb conjugator (all forms, 579 verbs) http://www.logosconjugator.org/list-of-verb/EL/
TEXTBOOKS
9. Textbooks and other study guides in Pdf format, registration is required on the site, then you can download books for free (100 points are allocated, one book costs about 20-30 points, further points can be replenished): http://www.twirpx.com/search/
For beginners (level A1 and A2): Ελληνικά τώρα 1 + 1. There is audio for it.
- Level A1 and A2 - Επικοινωνήστε ελληνικά 1 - Communicate in Greek, audio and workbook with grammar exercises separately. This is a fun textbook with funny cartoons and excellent conversational skills. He has part 2 - for levels B1-B2
- For levels C1-C2 - Καλεϊδοσκόπιο Γ1, Γ2 (here you can only download samples http://www.hcc.edu.gr/el/news/1-latest-news/291-kalei ..
- For levels A1-B2 (released before the classification by levels): Ελληνική γλώσσα Γ. Μπαμπινιώτη and Νέα Ελληνικά γα ξένους, it has all the audio
- Self-study book in Russian: A.B. Borisova Greek without tutor (levels A1-B2)
- Textbook Ελληνική γλώσσα Γ. Μπαμπινιώτη - there are the best tables in grammar and syntax (although it is completely in Greek).
Podcast
10. Excellent audio podcasts with Pdf transcript and download. The language level is gradually getting more complicated: http://www.hau.gr/?i=learning.en.podcasts-in-greek
RADIO ONLINE
AUDIO BOOKS
DICTIONARIES AND SPEAKERS
16. Explanatory dictionaries online http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/index.html
17. Russian-Greek Dictionary http://new_greek_russian.academic.ru
18. Greek-English dictionary online with voice acting http://www.dictionarist.com/greek
VIDEO LESSONS
19. BBC Greek - Video Tutorials http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/greek/guide/
YOUTUBE CHANNELS
20. Video tutorials Greek from scratch. You need to listen and repeat ready-made phrases in Greek. Topic: everyday communication, cafe, restaurant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irvJ-ZWp5YA
21. Greek from the project Speak Asap - Greek in 7 lessons. Vocabulary, grammar at A1 level. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm65v4IPsl8
22. Video project Greek-for-you https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5WtE8WrpLY
23. Easy Greek Channel - from level A2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtmBaIKw5P4
24. Audiobooks in Greek: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvev7gYFGSavD8P6xqa4Ip2HiUh3P7r5K
25. Channel with Greek Instructional Videos for Greek Primary School Students https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUUoWRBIEcCkST59d4JPmg
FILMS
BOOKS
30. The Open Library includes copyright-free works of classical literature as well as contemporary works contributed by the authors themselves. All books on the list of Open Literature are distributed freely and legally. http://www.openbook.gr/2011/10/anoikth-bibliothhkh.html
31. E-books for free http://www.ebooks4greeks.gr/δωρεανελληνικα-ηλεκτρονικαβιβλια-free-ebooks
32. Interactive Greek secondary school textbooks by grade and subject - suitable for learners of Greek as a foreign language at levels B1-B2.
EXAMS AND TESTS
37. Portal of the Greek Language Center, which conducts, in particular, exams for the CERTIFICATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE. Here you can:
Determine your level of knowledge of the Greek language
- Find Exam Centers for the Certificate of Proficiency in Greek (required to study and work in Greece)
- Download materials to prepare for the Certificate exams
DIFFERENT SITES
38. A site with a variety of information about the Greek language, many links to resources:
LESSON-1: After the first lesson, you will learn to say hello in Greek (say “Hello!”, “Good morning!”, “Good afternoon!”, “Good evening!”); learn to speak Greek "coffee" and "tea"; be able to say "Please"; learn to ask for something in Greek. After your first Greek lesson for beginners, you will know 8 new words.
LESSON-2: In this lesson you will learn to speak Greek “Menu”, “Counting”, “and”; learn how to ask the waiter to bring you something; learn to say goodbye; you can say "Thank you" in Greek.
After two lessons, your vocabulary will be 14 words.
LESSON-3: In this lesson you will learn how to ask someone “Would you like to?”, Learn to speak Greek “We would like to”, learn new words “Lemon”, “Sugar”, “Milk”, how to say "Tea with lemon", "Coffee without milk", etc., learn the conjunction "or". Your vocabulary is 21 words.
LESSON-4: After the 4th lesson, you will learn how to say in Greek "I am going to ...", "I am flying to ..."; learn to speak Greek "Moscow", "Athens", "Crete"; you will learn how “Reis” is in Greek; you can ask the interlocutor "Where are you going?", "Where are you flying?". By the end of the lesson, you will have known 29 new words.
LESSON-5: In this lesson you will learn how to say “Place” in Greek (on an airplane, train, etc.); learn to say "Window seat", "Aisle seat"; learn how to apologize in Greek. After five lessons of Greek for beginners, you will already know 33 new words.
LESSON-6: In this lesson we will study the phrases “This (this, this) is” and “This (this, this) is not”; further you will learn what the Greek word for “Two” is; learn to speak Greek "Beer" and "Bottle". After this lesson, you will already know 42 new words.
LESSON-7: In this lesson you will learn the Greek word for “Ticket”; be able to say “I want to buy” and “We want to buy”; learn to ask "How much does it cost?" in Greek. After seven lessons of Greek for beginners, you will already know 46 new words.
LESSON-8: In this lesson you will learn the Greek words for "Water", "Wine", "Glass", "Juice"; be able to say “you want to buy”; learn to speak “Yes” and “No” in Greek; you can ask a question with the word "What". Your vocabulary after this lesson is 54 words.
LESSON-9: After the 9th lesson, you will learn how to speak Greek "My", "Your". Learn to ask a question with the word "Where". Learn phrases with the words "Baggage", "Here", "I can get". After nine lessons of Greek for beginners, you will already know 60 words.
LESSON-10: In this lesson you will learn the Greek words for "Taxi stand", "Bus stop". You can ask for a one-way ticket or a round trip. After the lesson, you will already know 65 new words.
LESSON-11: In this lesson you will learn to speak Greek “I know”, “We know”, “I don’t know”, “We don’t know”. You can ask your interlocutor "Do you know?" After the lesson, you will already know 70 new words.
LESSON-12: After completing the lesson, you can ask the interlocutor how to get / get to the city center, you can find out where the pharmacy, tavern, hotel is. You can ask to show you where these objects are. You will already know 78 words.
LESSON-13: The topic of this lesson is "In a tavern." In this lesson, you will learn how to name popular dishes in Greek, and you can ask if a particular dish is available. After 13 Greek lessons for beginners, you will already know 87 new words.
LESSON-14: In this lesson we will learn phrases related to checking into a hotel. You can book a single / double room in Greek for one or two days. After this lesson, you will already know 94 new words.
LESSON-15: In this lesson, we will continue to explore phrases related to the hotel. You will find out what the Greek word for "Room with breakfast" is. You can say that the TV, telephone, Wi-Fi are not working in the room. You will know how to ask for a Wi-Fi password. You will be able to find out at what check out time from the hotel. After 15th Greek for beginners, you will already know 102 new words.
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The topic of the lessons is perfect when preparing for a trip to Greece (Topic of all lessons: "Greek for tourists and travelers").
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