To conduct a lesson on the outside world in the 4th grade. The presentation tells about the Patriotic War of 1812. Consists of 41 slides.
Goals and objectives of this work:
Didactic goals:
- create conditions for the formation of an idea of the Patriotic War of 1812;
- show the general picture of the Patriotic War (who started, when, between which states it took place, the nature and results of the war),
- consider the causes of the war, its course, acquaint with the forces of both sides, tell about the most heroic personalities of that period.
- to acquaint in detail with the Battle of Borodino.
Developmental goals:
- expand the conceptual apparatus, social experience of students;
- develop the cognitive apparatus, memory, thinking.
Educational purposes:
- contribute to the education of patriotism, a sense of national pride for the glorious deeds of our ancestors, the heroic past of our people.
Accompanying material for slides
1. Soon we will celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812. It was a great test for our people and one of the most glorious pages in Russian history.
- What is Patriotic War?
- This is a just war in defense of our Fatherland.
- From whom did the Fatherland have to be defended 200 years ago?
- From the French army of Napoleon.
2. Napoleon Bonaparte is a man of unusual destiny. He was born on August 15, 1769 on the small island of Corsica, which belonged to France. The son of a poor nobleman, Napoleon graduated from the military academy in Paris when he was 16 years old. At 24, he was already a general, then became consul (ruler) of France, and in 1804 Napoleon was proclaimed emperor.
Napoleon had a phenomenal memory and capacity for work, a sharp mind, a military and state genius, the gift of a diplomat, an artist, a charm that allowed him to easily win over people.
3. For 10 years, while Napoleon was emperor, France fought almost continuously. In the end, he became the ruler of Europe, but he wanted to conquer the whole world. "In three years I will be the master of the whole world ... Russia remains, but I will crush it," Napoleon said before the invasion of Russia.
Napoleon was preparing seriously for a war with Russia. He gathered a 600-thousandth "Great Army", well-armed and trained. At the head of the troops were experienced, smart, battle-tested commanders.
The numerical superiority was on the side of the enemy. However, the Russian army was assisted by all the people of Russia who stood up to defend their Fatherland.
4. I wonder what the Russian army was like at that time?
When we talk about the Russian army, we sometimes forget that several types of troops took part in the Patriotic War: infantry, cavalry, artillery. Moreover, many regiments were called differently, wore different uniforms and were proud of it.
In the first days of the war, Bagration called on the troops to fight decisively against Napoleon who attacked Russia. “Infantry - if, cavalry - chop, trample. Let's strike together and defeat the enemy. Then honor and glory and gratitude of the Motherland to us ... "
5. Let's start with the infantry. In Russia in the XVIII - early. XX centuries. the infantry was called Infantry. Until the middle of the 20th century, the infantry was considered the main branch of the army. The infantry is divided into heavy and light. The main combat unit was the regiment. (The number of personnel of the regiment is from 900 to 2000 people).
The purpose of the remaining combat arms participating in a joint battle with the infantry is to act in its interests, ensuring its advancement in the offensive and steadfastness in defense.
The infantry had their own clothes.
Tunic tailcoat cut dark green with a red collar, cuffs, shoulder straps and fold lapels.
On the shoulder straps, the letters of the regiment's name were laid out with a yellow cord, for example, "M" - for Moscow.
6. The combat melee weapon was an infantry sword.
The total length of the sword is 97 cm, the weight (in the scabbard) is 1.3 kg.
Ordinary and non-commissioned officers of the foot troops had a cleaver in a leather sheath as a cutting and stabbing melee weapon, its total length is 78 cm, and its weight is up to 1.2 kg.
7. 25 years of service made the army professional, and then it was necessary to fight almost every year with the French or Swedes. In general, our soldiers and officers had a lot of experience in successful battles. Small arms were skillfully mastered, but the bayonet was respected. "A bullet is a fool, but a bayonet is great!" - said the soldiers after Suvorov.
8. Here they are - our fellows! The infantry was marked by the white color of the braid and fringe. Musketeers were also in the Russian army - they were distinguished by courage and a sharp eye.
Jaegers were called in to complete difficult and dangerous tasks.
The grenadiers marched in close formation against the enemy and represented the entire might of the Russian army.
The pioneers provided technical equipment for the army.
9. Cavalry or cavalry - a branch of the army in which a riding horse was used for warfare or movement. Judging by the Patriotic War of 1812, based only on the impressions of watching feature films, you might think that all our horsemen are hussars.
10. The cavalry was divided into light and heavy, respectively, there were not only hussars in it. Now we will find out everything!
11. Heavy cavalry (cuirassiers and dragoons) acted in close formation, in lines, attacking the enemy. Heavy cavalry is a kind of shock mounted troops. Thanks to the weight of their horses (not less than 700 kg), the heavy cavalry could crush the enemy infantry and light cavalry with one swoop.
12. The weapons of the cavalry were a broadsword and a saber. The broadsword was distinguished by a straight blade, and the saber - slightly curved.
13. Hussars, lancers and horse rangers served in the light cavalry. They were armed with pistols, carbines and pikes.
14. The Russian troops included Cossack regiments. They were formed during the war. Therefore, they were called the irregular army.
The Don Cossacks made a huge contribution to the defeat of the Napoleonic army. Don regiments fought as part of three Russian armies, took part in a partisan war.
15. The armament of the Cossacks at the beginning of the 19th century, as before, was distinguished by a great variety. Because the Cossacks have always attached great importance to military trophies, passed on weapons by inheritance.
16. Artillery is a special kind of troops. The gunners were divided into fireworks, bombardiers, gunners and gandlangers.
They had to have knowledge of chemistry, sharp eyesight, and most importantly, be smart and agile.
In the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian artillery was superior in quality to the French.
17. The artillerymen were armed with cannons that fired cannonballs at a distance of 2.5 km.
So, now you can imagine what the Russian army was that defended our Fatherland from the seemingly invincible army of Napoleon.
18. Napoleon was confident of an early victory. He said:
“If I take Kiev, I will grab Russia by the legs.
If I take possession of Petersburg, I will take her by the head.
Having occupied Moscow, I will strike her in the heart. "
19. On the night of June 24, 1812, Napoleon's "great army", without declaring war, treacherously invaded the territory of the Russian Empire.
20. On the western border there were three Russian armies. Napoleon hoped to break them one by one. But experienced Russian commanders figured out the enemy's plan. Dodging encirclement and battle, the Russian armies retreated to the east. The war took on a protracted nature, all of Napoleon's plans collapsed.
The Russian army continued to retreat.
The commander-in-chief of the Russian army at the initial stage was Emperor Alexander I
The failures of the initial period of the war forced the Russian emperor to start looking for a new commander-in-chief.
Under pressure from the public, Alexander I put M.I. Kutuzov.
21. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov took command of all the Russian troops. All contemporaries unanimously noted his exceptional intelligence, brilliant military leadership and diplomatic talents and selfless service to the Motherland. The soldiers said: "Kutuzov has arrived to beat the French." He has long been known and loved among the troops.
22. Kutuzov understood that with each step into the depths of Russia, the strength of the French would weaken, and the strength of the Russian troops would increase.
Arriving in the army, he decided to give a general battle to Napoleon's troops at Borodino.
23. On September 1, 1812, at a military council in the village of Fili, for the sake of saving the Russian army, Kutuzov decides to leave Moscow. Kutuzov said: "As long as the army is intact, so is Russia."
24-25. Early in the morning on September 7, 1812, the great Battle of Borodino began. For 6 hours, Russian troops repulsed the fierce attacks of the enemy. The losses were enormous on both sides - over 38 thousand Russian soldiers and 58 thousand French.
26. Emperor Napoleon recalled later: “Of all my battles, the worst thing is that I gave near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy to win in it, and the Russians - to be called invincible. "
27-28. On September 14, Napoleon occupied Moscow without a fight, and on the night of the same day the city was engulfed in fire, which by the night of September 15 had intensified so much that Napoleon was forced to leave the Kremlin. The fire raged until September 18 and destroyed most of Moscow
29.October 7, 1812, the French army left Moscow. Kutuzov planned the actions in such a way that Napoleon was forced to retreat along the Smolensk road, i.e. where you came from.
30–33. On the Borodino field, soldiers, officers and generals of the Russian army stood shoulder to shoulder, rallying in its ranks Russians and Ukrainians, Belarusians and Georgians, Tatars and Germans, united by a consciousness of a common duty and love for their Fatherland.
That is why officers and generals put equal parts of blood and valor, courage and dedication on the scales of victory: Russian Denis Davydov, Georgian Pyotr Bagration, German Alexander Figner, Russian Nikolai Raevsky - loyal sons of Russia.
34–35. Napoleon, having left Moscow, had the intention to move in such an area where it was easy to provide the army with food, and tried with all his might to avoid the Smolensk road, along which he came to Moscow, because there was nothing to get from food there. But Kutuzov thwarted the plan to break through the French troops and Napoleon was forced to retreat along the Smolensk road, i.e. according to the one on which he came.
36. The army was greatly assisted by the partisan movement, which was a vivid expression of the national character of the Patriotic War of 1812. Even in the absence of active hostilities during his stay in Moscow, Napoleon lost 1,500 people every day.
37. Denis Davydov became the initiator of the partisan movement.
This man had a special glory.
A dashing hussar, commander, at the same time - romantic, poet, military writer.
38. Grateful descendants expressed their gratitude to the soldiers-liberators of 1812.
In memory of the Patriotic War, the people immortalized the names of the heroes. In Moscow there are Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Bolshaya and Malaya Filyovskie Streets, 1812 Street, Bagrationovsky Proezd. Streets of Denis Davydov, General Ermolov and Dorokhov, Suvorovsky Boulevard, Smolenskaya Street, Borodinsky Streets (First and Second), Victory Square, Poklonnaya and Manezhnaya Streets.
“The Triumphal Arch is a wonderful symbol of victorious Moscow, imbued with the idea of the triumph of the Russian people, it is the main monument of the Patriotic War of 1812 in the capital.
39. Not far from the Kremlin, on the left bank of the Moskva River, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was erected in gratitude to God for saving Russia from the Napoleonic invasion. It was destroyed during the Soviet era, but rebuilt in 1999.
40. The Moscow Manege was built in honor of the 5th anniversary of the victory over Napoleon for parades, review of troops, drill and horse riding. Now it is the Exhibition Hall.
41. Museum-panorama on Kutuzovsky Prospect "Battle of Borodino"
Borodino - State Borodino military-historical museum-reserve.
42. So, we have now looked into one of the most glorious pages of Russian history and saw what a great test our Fatherland had to face 200 years ago.
2. Battle of Borodino.
3. Napoleon in Moscow.
1. Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
Since the late 18th century, European countries have been plunged into endless wars. Came to power in France commander Napoleon Bonaparte and proclaimed himself emperor. He dreamed of world domination. Already many conquered countries lay at Napoleon's feet. But in order to finally feel like a world master, he had to conquer Russia.
In June 1812, Napoleon's army invaded Russia. The number of Napoleon's army was 600 thousand people. The blow of the French was so swift and selenium. The Russian armies could not hold back the onslaught of the French and were forced to start a retreat. Napoleon was confident of an early victory.
The soldiers and generals of the Russian army grieved the setbacks of the first months of the war. Anxiety for the fate of the Fatherland gripped the entire people. At this difficult hour for Russia Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief.
The troops greeted with joy the appointment of Kutuzov as commander-in-chief. He already had many victories on his account and he was a student of Suvorov.
2. Battle of Borodino.
Kutuzov began preparations for a decisive battle. On August 20, 1812, at 6 o'clock in the morning, a battle took place on a wide and spacious field near the village of Borodino, 110 km from Moscow.
The defense of the Kurgan Heights became one of the most difficult moments in the Battle of Borodino. The defense of the Kurgan Heights was headed by General Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky. 400 French cannons fired at the height for several hours. And after the most severe attacks, the enemy managed to occupy the height.
Well it was a day!
Through the volatile smoke
The French moved like clouds
And all to our redoubt.
Lancers with colorful badges,
Dragoons with ponytails
All flashed before us
Everyone has been here.
(M.Yu. Lermontov)
Redoubt (fr. redoute- shelter) - a closed-type fortification, usually (but not necessarily) earthen, with a rampart and a ditch, designed for all-round defense.
Oolans - along with the hussars, a genus of lightly armed (as opposed to cuirassiers) new European cavalry, armed with pikes, sabers and pistols. A distinctive attribute of their shape was a high quadrangular headdress (uhlanka or confederate).
Dragoons (fr. dragon - " dragoon", Letters. "Dragon") - the name of the cavalry, capable of acting also on foot. In earlier times, the same name was understood as the infantry, mounted on horses.
The Russian army suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Borodino. Kutuzov gave the order to retreat to Moscow. He faced a difficult choice: to fight under the walls of Moscow or leave Moscow to the French, but save the army. Kutuzov decided to retreat.
On the terrible field of Borodinsky,
In a bloody, gigantic battle,
You showed what Ross can!
Putting faith in God,
Enemies despising all forces,
He is everywhere, always a colossus.
Fighting with your feelings
You decided to give Moscow away;
But, becoming stronger in spirit,
Only you could say:
"The capitals of the kingdoms do not make up!"
(K.F. Ryleev)
3. Napoleon in Moscow.
Napoleon entered Moscow. In the conquered cities of Europe, he was honored with the keys to the city. Handing over the keys to the city is a symbol of the voluntary surrender of the city. Napoleon believed that he was close to victory and expected such a step from the inhabitants of Moscow. But Moscow stood empty.
On September 2, a fire broke out in Moscow. It burned for several days. Moscow was almost completely burned down.
Napoleon waited in vain,
Intoxicated with the last happiness,
Kneeling Moscow,
With the keys of the old Kremlin:
No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not an accepted gift,
She was preparing a fire
An impatient hero.
(A.S. Pushkin)
During a month in the capital, Napoleon lost 32 thousand of his soldiers. Napoleon had to leave Moscow. It was the turn of the Russian army to pursue the retreating French army.
3. The role of the people in the Patriotic War of 1812.
The whole people rose to fight the invaders. That is why this war is called the Patriotic War.
Partisans inflicted great losses on the retreating French. They fought in the territory occupied by the enemy. The partisan movement was attended not only by men, but women, old people, teenagers. They armed themselves with pitchforks, clubs, thrown weapons. Small detachments of the Russian army were also partisans.
Denis Vasilievich Davydov was an officer, a talented poet and writer. He commanded one of these units.
It was the partisan detachments that inflicted tangible damage on the French army. They seized carts with weapons and food, upset discipline in the ranks of the French army, and instilled fear in it.
The war was lost by Napoleon. In December 1812, Russian troops liberated their land, helped liberate the enslaved countries of Europe. The Patriotic War of 1812 ended in April 1814 in France, after Paris was occupied.
The Patriotic War of 1812 became a lesson and example of the fact that only a united, resolute and selfless people can win a great victory.
Napoleon's army destroyed many cities and villages, many valuables perished. But Russia was able to defend its independence.
At the end of the 19th century in Moscow, in memory of the deliverance of Russia from the invaders, was erected Cathedral of Christ the Savior to"Would forever remind distant offspring of the valiant deeds of his ancestors."
The temple was blown up in 1931. In 1994, the building of Moscow, in agreement with the Moscow Patriarchate, adopted a resolution on the beginning of restoration Cathedral of Christ the Savior ... By 1997, the temple has been restored to its basic forms.
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Open lesson on the outside world (grade 4)
Theme: Patriotic War of 1812.
Target: to form an idea of \ u200b \ u200bthe war of 1812; develop cognitive interest, the ability to draw conclusions; to foster patriotism, civic consciousness among junior schoolchildren.
Equipment: photos of great people of Russia, drawings and slides depicting Alexander 1, Napoleon, Kutuzov, fragments of the battle at Borodino.
Literature:
A.A. Pleshakov. The world around us, Textbook. for 4 cl. early shk. 2 hours M., P., 2006
O.I. Dmitrieva. Lesson development for the course "The World Around": Grade 4, M., VAKO, 2008
T.A. Korneva, E.A. Schmidt. History lessons in grade 3. Lesson development. Methodological guide for the teacher. early cl. p2 - Volgograd: Teacher, 2003
L.P. Borzov. The history of Russia in pictures, stories, travels. - M: CJSC ROSMEN - PRESS, 2007
Encyclopedia for children (v. 32) History of warriors / editorial board: M. Aksenov, A. Zhelenin, S. Shokarev- M .: World of encyclopedias Avonta +, Astrel, 2009
During the classes
Organizing time.
- Today in the lesson we will continue to travel in a time machine called "History".
- What is history? (science about the past, history studies how different peoples lived, what events took place).
2. Repetition of what has been learned.
- Look before you portraits of famous people who are closely related to the history of our country, each person left his mark on the history of our Fatherland.
- Your task is to name his name and those events and dates that are associated with him in chronological order ( Dmitry Donskoy- 1380 Kulikovo battle with Mamai, Ivan 3- 1480 g Great standing on the river. Ugre, the overthrow of the Tatar - Mongol yoke, Ivan the Terrible- the first tsar, 1654, the first printing house in Moscow, Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky- 1612 the liberation of Russia from the Polish invaders, Peter 1- 1700-1721 - Northern War, the first emperor, 1703 - construction of St. Petersburg, reforms of the fleet, army).
- There are two portraits left with people with whom we are not yet familiar. The purpose of our lesson is to get to know them and find out which pages of the history of our country are associated with these outstanding personalities.
4. New topic.
- Throughout the lesson, in the course of my stories, you listen to me attentively and fill out a chronological table (see Appendix 1).
—
In 1799, General Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in France. Soon he proclaimed himself emperor and decided to conquer the west of the world. (a report prepared by a student about Napoleon, Appendix 2). Already many conquered countries lay at Napoleon's feet. But in order to finally feel like a world master, he had to conquer Russia.
By the beginning of the 19th century, Russia was a huge power,
having land from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
She had access not only to the Baltic Sea, but also to the Black Sea.
At that time, the country was ruled by Alexander1.
In June 1812, Napoleon's army crossed the borders of Russia. The forces of Napoleon were superior to the Russians (600 thousand people). The Russian army had 590 thousand people. But a little more than 200 thousand people could start a fight with Napoleon (part of the army was in the south, where the war with Turkey continued. The rest of the army was divided into three parts, standing very far from each other.
F 
The French emperor planned to defeat Russia very quickly, having fought the main battles near the border. But the cautious Barclay de Tolly, who heads the Russian army, decided differently:
it is necessary to retreat into the interior of the country, gradually exhausting the enemy and reducing his strength.
Partisan detachments were sent to the rear of the enemy.
One of the leaders of the partisan detachment was the poet and writer Denis Davydov. 
They suddenly attacked, deprived them of food and communications
together. It was true
Way to victory. But many influential people considered it cowardice. They demanded a change in commander.
The Russian troops were led by an experienced commander Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (a report prepared by a student about M.I.Kutuzov, Appendix 3). Emperor Alexander 1 called on all Russian people to unite to defend the Fatherland. Therefore, the war of 1812 was called the Patriotic War.
When Napoleon was already approaching Moscow, the numbers of the Russian and French armies were almost equal. Now the enemy could be given a decisive battle. There are events, the meaning of which is so great that the story about them lasts for centuries. The battle of Borodino is one of them.
On August 26, 1812, near the village of Borodin, near Mozhaisk, almost 300 thousand people from two hostile armies met. At dawn, the shots of thousands of cannons rang out. The French attacked the center and the left wing of the Russians. Several times the Russians repelled the onslaught of the enemy and themselves went over to attacks. The skirmish lasted until late in the evening, then Napoleon withdrew his troops to the starting lines. Huge losses in the Russian army forced Kutuzov not to continue fighting, but to retreat to Moscow.
Borodino instilled in the French a feeling of insecurity and fear of the enemy's resilience. Napoleon recalled: “Of all my battles, the most terrible is the one I gave near Moscow. The French proved themselves worthy to win, while the Russians acquired the right to be invincible. " (Lermontov M.Yu. excerpt "Borodino").
After the Battle of Borodino, the Russians retreated almost 10 km. September 1 at
a military council was held in the village of Fili (near Moscow).
- What questions could the officer decide on this council? (Give battle near Moscow or give Moscow away without a fight).
Some of the officers insisted on fighting under the walls of Moscow. Others believed that the position of the Russian army was very inconvenient, and it was impossible to give battle here. But Kutuzov reassured: “Russia is not lost with the loss of Moscow. It is necessary to save the army, to get closer to those troops that go to it for reinforcements. The very concession of Moscow will prepare inevitable death for the enemy. " On September 2, the Russian army withdrew from Moscow.
In early September, Napoleon entered Moscow. He hoped in vain that the keys to the city would be taken out to him. An empty city and a fire that destroyed more than half of all Moscow houses awaited the conqueror. Napoleon offered Kutuzov a truce. But the Russians were adamant.
Napoleon spent a whole month in Moscow. During this time, 2 thousand Frenchmen were captured and 30 thousand were killed. There was not enough food, the cold was approaching and Napoleon realized that wintering in Moscow was like death.
In early October, a battle took place near the village of Tarutino. The French suffered heavy losses and retreated.
On October 7, Napoleon withdrew his army from Moscow. While crossing the Berezina River, Napoleon's army suffered huge losses. Napoleon abandoned his army and went to Paris.
V 
In 1814, Russian troops triumphantly entered the French capital Paris. Dreaming of world domination, Napoleon spent the rest of his life as a prisoner on a distant island in the Atlantic Ocean.
In honor of the victory over Napoleon, the beautiful Cathedral of Christ the Savior was built in Moscow.
4. Securing new material.
- What are the reasons for the victory of the Russian army in the Patriotic War of 1812? (military talent, commanders-in-chief, courage, bravery and resilience of the Russian people, weather conditions).
- Why was the war of 1812 called the Patriotic War? (the whole people stood up to defend the country - the army, partisans, the people's militia).
- Find errors in these sentences.
1. Kutuzov led the Russian troops when Moscow was already given over to the French.
(Kutuzov led the Russian troops before surrendering Moscow).
2.As soon as the troops left Moscow, a council was held in Fili.
(The council in Fili was held before Moscow was handed over to the French).
- Let's check the chronological tables on the topic of our lesson.
Event | |
1799 g. | Napoleon is in power in France |
June 1812 | Napoleon's army crossed the borders of Russia |
battle of Borodino |
|
Council in Fili |
|
Russian army withdrew from Moscow |
|
early October 1812 | Battle of the village of Tarutino |
Napoleon withdrew his army from Moscow |
|
1814 year | Russian troops entered Paris victoriously |
Work in notebooks.
- we will open the workbooks "The World Around" page 41, №4
7. Lesson summary. Test.
1. Which country attacked Russia at the beginning of the 19th century?
M) France
P) Sweden
R) Germany
2
... Who was the emperor of Russia at the time?
a) o)
3. Who led the French army?
M) Mamay
H) A. Suvorov
L) Napoleon
4.Commander-in-Chief of the Russian troops
U) F. Ushakov
O) M. Kutuzov
A) A. Nevsky
5. Where did the decisive battle of the war with the French take place?
H) on the Kulikovo field
D) near the village of Borodino
G) on the Neva River
6. In what year did the Battle of Borodino take place?
I) 1811
G) 1380
E) 1812
What temple was built in Moscow in honor of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812?
F) St. Sophia Cathedral
C) Cathedral of Christ the Savior
X) Christmas temple
- You will see the correct answers if you read the word that you got (GOOD MAN!)
- Thank you for the lesson. Assessment of the work of students in the lesson.
8. Homework.
- p. 112 - 117 read., Peres., R.t. pp. 40-43. Prepare information about the future fate of Napoleon.
ANNEX 1
Chronological table
Event | |
APPENDIX 2
Napoleon Bonaparte- an outstanding French commander and statesman. He was born in 1769 in the family of a lawyer and his wife. They had 5 sons and 3 daughters, they did not live well. Under Louis 16, he was able to enter the military academy. At 24, Napoleon became a brigadier general. He would later receive command of the army in Italy and the hand of Josephine de Beauharnais.
For 10 years, while Napoleon was emperor, France fought almost continuously. In the end, he became the ruler of Europe, but he wanted to conquer the whole world.
APPENDIX 3.
Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich was born in 1745 and came from an old noble family. Having received an excellent education at home, 12-year-old Mikhail, after passing the exam, was enrolled as a corporal in the United Artillery and Engineering Noble School; at the age of 16 he received the first officer's rank, and at the age of 17 with the rank of captain he was appointed company commander of the Astrakhan infantry regiment.
Member of the Russian - Turkish wars of the 18th century. In the Russian - Austro - French war of 1805, he commanded the Russian troops in Austria and, with a skillful maneuver, brought them out of the threat of encirclement.
Kutuzov is not only an outstanding military leader, as everyone knows him. He was also one of the largest Russian diplomats, brilliantly combining military and diplomatic talents.
1. Use the textbook to formulate the definition. Patriotic War is
The Patriotic War is a war during which all the people rise up to defend the Fatherland.
2. Connect the name of the battle and the name of the commander with lines of different colors.
3. Cut out fragments of schematic maps from the Appendix and stick them in the appropriate windows.
4. Read excerpts from the poetry of 19th century Russian poets and write the answers to the questions.
1) What event is described?
Well it was a day!
Through the volatile smoke
The French moved like clouds
And everything to our redoubt.
Lancers with colorful badges,
Dragoons with ponytails
All flashed before us
Everyone has been here.
(M.Yu. Lermontov)
The poem describes the battle of Borodino
With the help of the Internet or additional literature, find out and write down what a redoubt is, who are lancers and dragoons.
Redoubt is a closed field fortification with an outer moat and an earthen embankment.
Lancers - military, armed with pikes, from the units of the light cavalry.
Dragoons are military men designed to act both in equestrian and on foot combat.
2) What moment of the Patriotic War is captured?
Napoleon waited in vain,
Intoxicated with the last happiness,
Moscow kneeling
With the keys of the old Kremlin:
No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not a foster gift,
She was preparing a fire
An impatient hero.
(A.S. Pushkin)
The poem describes the moment of the capture of Moscow by Napoleon.
With the help of the Internet or additional literature, find out which custom A.S. Pushkin mentions. Why was Napoleon waiting for the keys to the Kremlin? Write it down.
Previously, a city that surrendered after a siege would give the keys to its gates to the winner.
3) Write the name of the person in question.
On the terrible field of Borodinsky,
In a bloody, gigantic battle,
You showed how Ross can!
Putting faith in God,
Enemies despising all forces,
He is everywhere, always a colossus.
Fighting with your feelings
You decided to give Moscow away;
But, even stronger in spirit,
Only you could say:
"The capitals of the kingdoms do not make up!"
(K.F. Ryleev)
The poem speaks of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.
5. Find one incorrect statement and mark it with "-". Explain verbally.
- M. I. Kutuzov, N. N. Raevsky, D. V. Davydov - some of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 - correct statement .
- The main battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 was the Battle of Borodino - correct statement .
- Enemy troops invaded Russia in June 1812, and were expelled from the country in December 1812 - correct statement .
- Shortly before the Battle of Borodino, Napoleon's troops managed to capture Moscow - an incorrect statement.
- Foreign campaigns of the Russian army ended in Paris - correct statement .
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