Today, for a person who has decided to learn a foreign language, especially English, everything is much easier than ten years ago. And the point here is not only in a huge number of newfangled training courses, swearing that in just three or four months a person will be able to master a new language.
Modern technologies allow you to learn a foreign language on your own. All that is needed for this is a computer connected to the Internet, desire and persistence. On the network, you can find not only all the information about English or any other language (rules and exercises), but also communicate with its native speakers on all kinds of forums and specialized sites. In addition, everyone has the opportunity to download a foreign film in the original language in order to train their ability to understand the language by ear. However, in the early stages, having not yet mastered the language being studied, you can watch films with subtitles.
What are subtitles
The very word "subtitles", or, as they are called in abbreviated form, "sabs", came from the French language from the phrase sous-titres - signature.
Subtitles are text at the bottom of the screen that displays the characters' speech throughout a movie or TV show. Sometimes subtitles do not duplicate information from the audio track, but supplement it with new ones or comments (this is more typical for TV shows and news).
In most cases, subtitles are formatted as light (most often white) typed text with a dark outline. This text is present throughout the film along with the image, in contrast to the "intertitles" (periodically appearing on the screen inscriptions used in silent films).
What are subtitles used for? The history of their origin
Having figured out what subtitles are, it is important to pay attention to how they came about and why. The need for subtitling arose at the dawn of the talkie era, as every country that made films dreamed of selling the rights to their distribution to as many other countries as possible. For this, films were brought to all kinds of film festivals and were shown to representatives of different countries. Those who liked the film signed a contract and bought the rights to show it in their country.
However, creating a dub in another language in those days was a rather long and expensive process. In addition, it was not easy to predict which countries would be interested in the “product”. Therefore, it was decided to keep the films in the original language, providing them with subtitles in a foreign language. And the translation of the film was done by the country that bought the rights to its distribution.
Over time, subtitles were often used to convey lyrics in foreign languages that were difficult to translate.
On television, subtitles have been introduced so that hearing impaired people can better understand what is happening on the screen. But more often it concerned ready-made programs or documentaries. Since it was very difficult to quickly create subtitles in news that aired in real time, sign translation was more often used here. But with the improvement of technology, in particular with the advent of digital television, subtitles have become more affordable both in price and in speed of creation.
Today, subtitling not only helps deaf and hard of hearing people know what a movie or program is talking about, but also provides additional information to all viewers about what they are watching. This is especially true of educational programs and documentaries, where using subtitles they tell about the meaning of certain terms.
With the advent of VCRs, films with subtitles are increasingly being used to learn another language. For example, in many language universities, at the initial stage of study, students are shown films in English with Russian subtitles. After they get used to distinguishing most of the phrases in films by ear, they are shown videos with English subtitles. And having mastered this, students gradually switch to films without translation and subtitles.
Subtitles are indispensable for those who like to watch new movies. Most modern Internet users, in order to quickly enjoy a recently released foreign film, without waiting for its translation, use Russian subtitles, which are less laborious than translation and appear in the public domain much earlier.
This practice also applies to popular TV shows. Usually you need to wait a couple of days until a new episode dubbed into Russian comes out. Subtitles translated into Russian can be acquired practically the next day after the premiere.
Another relatively young area of application of subtitles is everyone's favorite karaoke.
Types of subtitles
Having learned what subtitles are and what they are used for, you can consider what types of them are.
First of all, these are embedded subtitles, or hardsabs. In this case, the text is superimposed on the original image and cannot be turned off. It is worth noting that all the first subtitles were sewn in. There were several ways to apply text to film. Later, there were even machines that did this automatically. It was a laborious process, as it was necessary to put subtitles on almost every frame. Today, digital technology makes it much easier. However, due to the hardsabs, the video quality is degraded.
Much later, soft subtitles, or soft subtitles, appeared. These are separate files containing subtitles. They can be freely connected to the video file, as well as select the desired size, placement, font and even speed up / slow down their appearance. If you wish, you can find a file with subtitles in any language for almost every movie and easily install it. Moreover, almost all modern phones have the ability to embed subtitles in the video being watched.
In terms of form, all subtitles are divided into two large groups:
- Built-in subtitles (located in the same file with the video, they can be enabled or disabled by selecting the appropriate item in the context menu).
- External subtitles (separate files of specialized formats, which are also connected using the context menu).
Subtitle formats
Today, for those wishing to watch a movie with text, there is a huge selection of external subtitle formats that are perfect for the most common video players.
- SRT is the most well-known subtitle format. It is extremely easy to use and editable. In addition, SRT is able to sync with video on its own, preventing premature or late subtitles.
- SUB - was once a very popular subtitle format. But today it is being replaced by more modern formats.
- SAMI is a specialized format developed by Microsoft. It has a very clear structure. Supports the ability to change the font, color, size and location.
- MicroDVD is a subtitle format designed specifically for the MicroDVD player. In this regard, when using these subtitles in other players, there may be a discrepancy in time. After all, subtitles in this format are synchronized by the frame number of the video sequence, and not by time, like most other formats. At one time it was very popular, but today it is being supplanted by more universal formats.
- PGS is a modern subtitle format designed for use on Blue Ray discs.
- SSA is a subtitle format designed for use with Sub Station Alpha. It is a specialized subtitling software.
- ASS is an enhanced SSA format.
- IDX + SUB - graphic subtitles intended for DVD.
- TT is one of the most promising subtitle formats today.
How to enable Russian subtitles and captions in other languages
In order to download subtitles, you first need to download them. Most modern discs are equipped with corresponding subtitle files. Otherwise, the file with them just needs to be downloaded.
In most of the most widespread modern players (Media Player Classic, GOM, KMP, Quicktime player and others), you can enable subtitles, if they are embedded, using the context menu invoked by pressing the right mouse button. In the window that appears, select the "subtitles" tab. In the menu that appears, check the box next to "display / show subtitles". In the same menu, you can adjust them to your liking. If there are several, you can choose the appropriate subtitles: Russian for example.
In the absence of built-in subtitles, the same menu item in GOM will allow you to connect external subs. Just select the "subtitle manager" in the context menu and, by clicking on the "folder" icon, select the desired file on the disk.
In the KMP player, to enable external subs, you must select the "open" option, and then "open subtitles".
In Media Player Classic, you need to select the "file" item in the context menu, and then "open subtitles", and you can watch the movie.
Of course, there are other players, but they load and enable subtitles in a similar way.
Where to find subtitles
Knowing what subtitles are, how to install them and what are the most common formats, it is worth figuring out where you can find them.
If the subtitle file was not included on the disc with the movie, then you can find it on the Internet. To do this, you need to go to any subtitle library and download or purchase the required file. You should be careful with the subtitle formats, so as not to suffer later with adjusting to the video stream manually.
When searching for subtitles, it is also important to know how the title of the film is spelled in Russian and in the original - this will simplify the search. Some players, for example Media Player Classic, are able to find the subtitles for the movie themselves. To do this, you need to pause the open file, go to the "file" menu and select "subtitle base". Using this item, you can find and download the required subtitles, however, the function does not work in all versions of the player and not in all regions.
With the development of modern digital technologies, watching a foreign film with a readable translation has become as easy as translating a phrase from one language to another in an online translator. Every day more and more people use subtitles not only as an entertainment tool (watching fashionable films and karaoke), but also to develop the ability to perceive a foreign language by ear. Subtitling is the most affordable and cheapest way to do this today.
An assembly is the packaging of individual media streams into a common container. There are 3 types of containers used for remixes: MKV, TS and M2TS. Based on the M2TS container, you can also make a full-fledged file structure of a Blu-ray disc.
Container (Video Container)
Video Stream
MPEG-2, H.264 / AVC (MPEG-4), VC-1
Audio Stream
AC3, DTS, DTS-HD MA, DTS-HD HR, Dolby TrueHD, LPCM
Subtitles (Presentation Graphics Stream)
SRT, PGS TS, MKV, M2TS
A container can also contain several streams of the same type. There are restrictions on the stream formats that can be included in any given container, and the containers themselves are perceived by different hardware with varying degrees of success. For example, the MKV container is the most omnivorous of all the three currently in use, but it itself is not accepted by any "iron" player. The TS container is better perceived by stationary equipment, but subtitles cannot be included in it at all - only as an external stream. M2TS is a standard container for Blu-ray discs, all three HD-video formats, all audio formats of interest to us, and subtitles in PGS graphic format can be included in it. Which container to use is a matter of personal preference.
So, we have subtitles in SRT format, audio, in AC3 and DTS format too. It remains to deal with the video. Three codecs are currently used in HD: MPEG-2, H.264 / AVC (MPEG-4), and VC-1 from Microsoft. In addition, there is a free open-source project x264 as part of commercial H.264 / AVC. This codec is mainly used for making rips.
Note: To connect subtitles, like external subtitles in Media Player Classic, you need the subtitle file to be named the same as the movies in the same folder. Then the player will load them automatically. You can enable them in the Navigate> Subtitle Language menu. For example:
00001.ts - movie 00001.srt - subtitles
There is a problem with VC-1 video captured from HD-DVD. For compatibility with various equipment, ie. "With the best of intentions", service information (pulldown flag) has been added to the video stream, due to which a stream with real parameters 1920х1080p and fps 23.976 can be perceived by the splitter as 1920х1080i and fps 29.97. During playback of such a file, intermittent
short-term "slowdowns". If the splitter takes information about the stream from the header, problems are guaranteed, if from the stream itself, everything will be OK.
For correct reproduction, this service information must be removed. This can be done using utilities xport and vc1conv... Programs run in the DOS command line, you can also use the graphical shell eac3to And More GUI... Utility xport allows you to extract elementary streans (ES) from a container, and vc1conv performs VC-1 flow correction. The quality of the video does not suffer.
Syntax for xport: xport movie.ts 1 1 1
(the second and third digits mean the numbers of the video and audio streams, respectively) Syntax on vc1conv: vc1conv videostream.mpv videostream-new.mpv.
Then you need to change the file extension to * .VC1.
The same flow correction operation can be performed directly in tsMuxeR and in eac3to, but in earlier versions of these programs this function did not work correctly, and in the latter it was not possible to check.
Build with tsMuxeR.
tsMuxeR allows you to pack content in the following formats:
1. TS - one * .ts file (subtitles are not supported).
2. M2TS - one file * .m2ts
3. Blu-ray structure - creates a Blu-ray file system with one m2ts file, one mpls and one clpi. The menu is (naturally) absent.
It is also possible to create AVCHD (not used for remixes). The format is designed for home-video. Has a structure similar to (but not identical) to Blu-ray. The main differences from Blu-ray:
1. DVD is used as a medium.
2. Video bitrate is limited to 18 Mbps.
3. Simplified menu system.
We launch the program. Out the window Input files drag and drop the necessary files with the mouse. If you need to glue several fragments into one, then drag the first one, click join, point to the second, etc. In the window Tracks information about available streams is displayed. Buttons Up, Down and Remove you can, respectively, change the order or remove streams from the list. You can also exclude a stream from processing by unchecking the checkbox. Highlighting the stream in the window Tracks,
you can view and change its parameters displayed in the menu General track options... For example, for an audio track, you can specify the audio language and set the delay.
For TS files, that's it. We put a daw on TS muxing, specify the save path, file name and click Start muxing... In 10-15 minutes everything will be ready.
When creating Blu-ray structure from Blu-ray disc, it is better to drag and drop to window Input files not a m2ts file with the main movie, but its playlist (mpls file). You can calculate it by brute force or using eac3to by pointing it to the BDMV folder:
This will import into tsMuxeR all m2ts files of the main movie (if there are several) in the desired order, as well as import chapter information.
We remove unnecessary audio tracks and subtitles, substitute the Russian ones, change the order, specify the parameters:
Note: Chapter information is saved only when creating Blu-ray Disk.
We go to the subtitle section. Here we can select the font options and the location of the subtitles on the screen. The first time you will have to experiment, having received the desired result, remember the parameters and will use them in the future for other films.
On the menu Output put a daw on Blu-ray disk or M2TS Muxing, specify the save path (and the file name, in the case of m2ts) and click Start Muxing.
Depending on the selection in the menu Output, we get either 1 m2ts file or Blu-ray structure.
Note: Since I do not use this program all the time and am not a fan of the MKV container, the instructions are very superficial.
and is presented here solely for completeness. If someone writes and sends me a more detailed version reflecting all the advantages of the format, I will be happy to include it
in your instructions.
P.S. Found a very nice description on the rutracker.org forum:
http://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=619851 under Programs> mkvtoolnix (MKV). However, the whole topic deserves an in-depth study.
Build with MKVMerge GUI.
The program allows you to pack content in an MKV container and is a graphical interface for a set of tools MKVToolnix... A detailed description of the program can be found here: http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge.html. The method of working with this program is similar to working with tsMuxeR so let's look at the differences.
Unlike tsMuxeR, does not accept TS and M2TS as input - only MKV (from the containers of interest) or streams extracted from the container. Besides SRT, MKVMerge works
with subtitles in VobSub format. The MKV container supports external links (attachments). Let's consider the program interface.
Source materials are loaded into the window Input files, information about streams is in the menu Tracks... On the menu General track options there are several new, and most importantly useful options:
1. In the field Track name you can specify the name of the stream.
2. In the field Defaul track flag you can specify that the track will be included by default (value "yes").
3. In the field Forced track flag you can set the forced inclusion of the track (value "yes").
On the menu Format specific options, in field Delay you can set a delay, and in the field Stretch by, theoretically, you can set the stretch / compression, but you cannot use this option - the result will be depressing.
In field Output filename select the save path and file name, click Start muxing.
MKV file can also be made with eac3to... Examples will be considered in the translation of the official description of the program.
Note: translation of the official instructions. The original is here: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Eac3to/How_to_Use
Subtitles subtitles subtitles Subtitles are displayed in the form of text that appears at the appropriate time at the bottom of the screen when watching a video.
Subtitles refers to the textual accompaniment of the video in the original language or in translation. In most cases subtitles duplicate the words spoken by the characters and some of the sounds of the film. Sometimes subtitles are of an explanatory or complementary character. Subtitles are displayed in the form of text that appears at the appropriate time at the bottom of the screen when watching a video. One of the most common methods is to apply subtitles in karaoke. Subtitles are simply necessary for hearing impaired people. It is no secret that the professionalism of understudies is sometimes inferior to the professionalism of understudies, and the quality of sound and translation in dubbing sometimes leaves much to be desired, especially in cases when dubbing covers the entire sound track and most of the sounds (explosions, sound of car engines, laughter of people) are not taken from the original sound track, and from the sound library of the duplicating group. Therefore, for watching a movie with an original soundtrack, it may come in handy subtitles... In the original soundtrack, the atmosphere of the film and emotions are better conveyed, we hear those intonations and those sounds that the director of the film intended, and not the director of dubbing.
Many people know the film "Eyes Wide Shut" directed by Stanley Kubrick, which was shown in the Russian box office without dubbing and with subtitles... Thus, the filmmakers wanted to ensure that the viewer heard the skillful acting of the actors, and not the unknown quality of dubbing. Subtitles can be included in the footage or superimposed over the image when watching a movie. Subtitles that are superimposed at the time of video encoding are called embedded, and if subtitles are superimposed in real time, then such subtitles are called external. External subtitles look better and can be turned off if necessary.
Subtitles can be presented as a separate file with an extension corresponding to the subtitle format, or included in a media container, for example, in MKV. The characteristics of each media player must indicate the formats supported subtitles... There are many formats for digital external subtitles, which can be displayed when watching movies on media players. We will talk about them below.
SubRipper(SRT) is the working file subtitles programs SubRip which is one of the most popular for extracting subtitles from DVD. This format is one of the most widespread and easy to edit, it is simple and clear, synchronized with video based on time with microsecond precision. Initially, it did not support text decoration elements, but later it was expanded with support for colors and character styles (italics, bold text).
SAMI(Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange, SMI) is the format subtitles from Microsoft based on SGML. This format is well documented and has a complex, extensible structure. The standard supports changing the size, color, typeface and style of the font, as well as changing the position on the screen.
SubViewer and Submagic(SUB) - popular in the past format intended for playback in the Submagic program. Due to the proliferation of newer formats subtitles is losing its relevance. In file subtitles font settings can be specified.
Microdvd (MDV, SUB, TXT) is the native format of the MicroDVD player. It has no fixed extension, usually txt, sub or mdv. Due to the fact that MicroDVD Player has long remained out of competition among players with support for subtitles, as well as due to detailed documentation, support for variable style, font size and position, this format has gained respect among users. MicroDVD syncs by frame number, while most subtitles synchronized in time. Therefore, when such subtitles on video with changed frame rate subtitles will appear at the wrong time.
SubStation Alpha (SSA) is the working file subtitles the SubStation Alpha program, which is designed to prepare, timed, and overlay subtitles... It fully supports working with all font parameters (color, size, typeface, etc.), text placement anywhere on the screen, comments. SSA Allows you to apply complex video effects to characters (shading, movement, rotations, etc.). A set of fields defines the parameters of each phrase, for example, a special field for determining the speaker of the given phrase. In addition to text, you can insert pictures, sounds and even small video fragments.
Advanced SubStation Alpha(ASS) - a format with a cacophonous extension for those who know English is a further development of SubStation Alpha. The extended format contains features such as the use of vector graphics and text highlighting in karaoke mode.
IDX + SUB- binary format of traced graphic subtitles extracted from DVD.
SUP- binary format graphic subtitles used in DVD VOB files as well as Blue Ray discs.
Presentation Graphic Streams(PGS) is a relatively new subtitle format used in Blue Ray discs.
Timed Text(TT) is one of the most promising formats subtitles based on XML.
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language(SMIL) - the W3C-recommended markup language based on XML for describing multimedia presentations has also become widespread in application to subtitle... The correct extension for files with subtitles of this format is * .smil, but sometimes they mistakenly make the extension * .smi, which corresponds to the SAMI format.
The Bluray m2ts format allows for two types of on-screen overlays that can be used for. One is based on text but as for now I "ve seen no BluRay using this one for subs. The other one is the PGS (Presentation Grapic Stream) and consists in bitmaps (and the timeframes on which they have to be displayed). That second stream is by far the most commonly used by BluRays. As we "ll see below, tools exist to extract that stream to .sup files. It" s not the same format as .sup files that some tools extract from DVDs.
Note that HD DVD have also a .sup format which is slightly different from the BluRay one. As far as the PCH is not (yet) able to display PGS, the only way to get subs for ts or m2ts material is to use a side text file (.srt) containing the subs.
Extract PGS Subtitle from Bluray
You need the following tools:
eac3to
tsMuxer
You can find them on Google.
Open a cmd window (Run: cmd)
Be sure eac3to is accessible in your path (For instance if eac3to is installed in the C: \ Program Files \ eac3to \ folder):
"set PATH =% PATH%; E: \ Program Files \ eac3to"
Go to the folder that contains your m2ts file,
cd MEDIA \ REMUXED \ The Movie \ BDMV \ STREAM
Make eac3to tell you what streams are inside your m2ts,
eac3to 1)
Sample Output:
M2TS, 1 video track, 1 audio track, 3 subtitle tracks, 2:08:45, 24p /1.001
1: Chapters, 37 chapters
2: h264 / AVC, 1080p24 /1.001 (16: 9)
3: DTS Master Audio, English, 5.1 channels, 24 bits, 48khz
(core: DTS, 5.1 channels, 24 bits, 1509kbps, 48khz)
4: Subtitle (PGS), English
5: Subtitle (PGS), French
6: Subtitle (PGS), French
If your folder contains multiple m2ts files, execute eac3to without argument first, it will display all the files available in the form: 1) 00000.mpls, 00001.m2ts, 2:08:45 / 2) 00001.mpls ..., then choose the number you want to explore.
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