Hardsab, or we embed subtitles into a video file. What are subtitles? How do I enable subtitles? Forced subtitles

What are subtitles?
Subtitles are textual accompaniments of a video sequence in the original language or translated, duplicating and sometimes supplementing, for example, for viewers with hearing impairments, the soundtrack of a movie or TV show ( Wikipedia). In simple terms, it is the text that is written at the bottom of the video, as shown in the following image.

How are subtitles related to the video?
There are several options. The simplest and oldest is to insert subtitles directly into the video sequence. So in the era of analog video, subtitles were applied directly to video or film. This practice still takes place in cinemas using film projectors. However, in today's digital video era, there are more versatile options. The fact is that in the "analog" method it is possible to superimpose subtitles in only one language, and once superimposing them, it is impossible to remove them. You have to make several copies with different subtitle options and without them, and this is additional kilometers of tape (or gigabytes of data, if this method is used on digital media).

To avoid this, subtitles in digital formats exist separately from the video sequence and are superimposed by the player on the picture directly during playback. This allows the viewer to choose which subtitles he wants to see, and if he wants to at all, at no additional cost.

What kind of subtitles are there?
It depends on their purpose. Most often, subtitles are a description of what is happening on the screen, which helps people with hearing impairments better understand the plot: dialogues, the nature of the sounding music, noises and other sound effects that the director considered necessary to convey to the viewer. The so-called forced subtitles are also very common, which convey information to the entire circle of viewers: for example, translation of an inscription in a foreign language, or translation of a speech / song in a language unfamiliar to a potential viewer. You can use all options in your contest videos. The required minimum: if the text in the video is in Russian, then its transcription is required, as well as translation into English in the form of subtitles. If the sounding text is in another national language, then subtitles with translation into Russian and into English are needed. The national language subtitle track will also be a big plus. If there are inscriptions in the video, the meaning of which is important in the plot, it is also advisable to translate them in subtitles.

How do I create subtitles?
To create subtitles, you first need to prepare the text. You can also add text while creating subtitles, for some this option will be more convenient. To create subtitle files in the required formats (we recommend .srt) there are many programs, including free ones. Knowing the principles (synatxis) of the format, you can create subtitles even in the standard Notepad program for all computers. Let's consider both options below.

How to create subtitles in a special program?
Various programs are available to facilitate the subtitling process. Their interface is typical: video window, timeline window, and text editor window. To get acquainted with the existing programs, it is enough to type in the search engine the query "program for creating srt subtitles". Instructions and user guides are provided for most of them, many have tutorial videos on YouTube. As an example, we can offer free programs Aegisub and Subtitle Edit. The latter, by the way, has the functionality of an online editor, that is, you do not have to install the program on your computer. The choice of subtitle editors is wide enough. In contrast to the next method using notepad, subtitle editors are more visual and allow you to see the result immediately.

How do I create subtitles in standard notepad?
This is not difficult. You just need to know what the subtitle format is, in our case srt. Let's analyze it in more detail. The srt file is, in fact, a regular text file that defines the times when lines of text appear and disappear in the footage. Here's how it looks in a real example (a fragment of a file of English subtitles from a famous movie - guess which one?):

13
00:02:58,436 --> 00:02:59,604
Doc?

14
00:03:02,356 --> 00:03:03,441
Doc?

15
00:03:04,650 --> 00:03:06,694
Hello! Anybody home?

Let's decipher it.

The numbers 13, 14, 15 are the ordinal numbers of the phrases. 00: 02: 58,436 -> 00: 02: 59,604 - timecodes for the start and end of the phrase display, where 00: 00: 00,000 is the beginning of the video sequence. The first number is hours, the second is minutes, and the third is seconds with an accuracy of one thousandth after the decimal point (millisecond). Phrases between and, will be displayed in italics.

To create subtitles, you can use the standard Notepad for Windows or macOS. You need to open notepad, create a new file, fill it in and save it with the srt extension. You can download the Notepad ++ program, it is convenient to edit texts in it and save them with the desired file extension (type).

How do I fill in the file? Consider an example: if you want the first subtitle phrase to appear at the fifth second of your video and disappear after two seconds, then you need to add the following lines to the subtitle file:

1
00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Normal text cursive text

As a result, the phrase will appear on the fifth second of your video: Normal text cursive text

After two seconds, when the video reaches the seventh second, the phrase will disappear.

If you want your video player on your computer (as well as on modern TVs) to play your video with subtitles, you need to have the video and subtitle files in the same folder and have the same names. For example, if you have two subtitle tracks (in Russian and English), and the video file is named ecovideo.mp4 then the subtitle files should be named ecovideo.ru.srt and ecovideo.en.srt(for Russian and English versions, respectively). As you can see from the example, all files have a common name - ecovideo... Next comes the file extension and / or language information. Instead of "ecovideo", use the digital code you received when registering for the competition.

We hope the logic is clear. In case of questions, search engines and our contacts at the bottom of the page are at your service.

Today, for a person who has decided to learn a foreign language, especially English, everything is much easier than ten years ago. And the point here is not only in a huge number of newfangled training courses, which swear by oath that in just three or four months a person will be able to master a new language.

Modern technologies allow you to learn a foreign language on your own. All that is needed for this is a computer connected to the Internet, desire and persistence. On the network, you can find not only all the information about English or any other language (rules and exercises), but also communicate with its native speakers on all kinds of forums and specialized sites. In addition, everyone has the opportunity to download a foreign film in the original language in order to train their ability to understand the language by ear. However, in the early stages, having not yet mastered the language being studied, you can watch films with subtitles.

What are subtitles

The word "subtitles" itself, or, as they are called in abbreviated form, "saba", came from the French language from the phrase sous-titres - signature.

Subtitles are text at the bottom of the screen that displays the characters' speech throughout a movie or TV show. Sometimes subtitles do not duplicate information from the audio track, but supplement it with new ones or comments (this is more typical for TV shows and news).

In most cases, subtitles are formatted as light (most often white) typed text with a dark outline. This text is present throughout the film along with the image, in contrast to the "intertitles" (periodically appearing on the screen inscriptions used in silent films).

What are subtitles used for? The history of their origin

Having figured out what subtitles are, it is important to pay attention to how they came about and why. The need for subtitling arose at the dawn of the talkie era, as every country that made films dreamed of selling the rights to their distribution to as many other countries as possible. For this, films were brought to all kinds of film festivals and were shown to representatives of different countries. Those who liked the film signed a contract and bought the rights to show it in their country.

However, creating a dub in another language in those days was a rather long and expensive process. In addition, it was not easy to predict which countries would be interested in the “product”. Therefore, it was decided to keep the films in the original language, providing them with subtitles in a foreign language. And the translation of the film was done by the country that bought the rights to its distribution.

Over time, subtitles were often used to convey lyrics in foreign languages that were difficult to translate.

On television, subtitles have been introduced so that hearing impaired people can better understand what is happening on the screen. But more often it concerned already finished programs or documentaries. Since it was very difficult to quickly create subtitles in news that aired in real time, sign translation was more often used here. But with the improvement of technology, in particular with the advent of digital television, subtitles have become more affordable both in price and in speed of creation.

Today, subtitling not only helps deaf and hard of hearing people know what a movie or program is talking about, but also provides additional information to all viewers about what they are watching. This is especially true of educational programs and documentaries, where using subtitles they tell about the meaning of certain terms.

With the advent of VCRs, films with subtitles are increasingly being used to learn another language. For example, in many language universities, at the initial stage of study, students are shown films in English with Russian subtitles. After they get used to distinguishing most of the phrases in films by ear, they are shown videos with English subtitles. And having mastered this, students gradually switch to films without translation and subtitles.

Subtitles are indispensable for those who like to watch new movies. Most modern Internet users, in order to quickly enjoy a recently released foreign film, without waiting for its translation, use Russian subtitles, which are less laborious than translation and appear in the public domain much earlier.

This practice also applies to popular TV shows. Usually you need to wait a couple of days until a new episode dubbed into Russian comes out. Subtitles translated into Russian can be acquired practically the next day after the premiere.

Another relatively young area of application of subtitles is everyone's favorite karaoke.

Types of subtitles

Having learned what subtitles are and what they are used for, you can consider what types of them are.

First of all, these are embedded subtitles, or hardsabs. In this case, the text is superimposed on the original image and cannot be turned off. It is worth noting that all the first subtitles were sewn in. There were several ways to apply text to film. Later, there were even machines that did this automatically. It was a laborious process, as it was necessary to put subtitles on almost every frame. Today, digital technology makes it much easier. However, due to the hardsabs, the video quality is degraded.

Much later, soft subtitles, or soft subtitles, appeared. These are separate files containing subtitles. They can be freely connected to the video file, as well as select the desired size, placement, font and even speed up / slow down their appearance. If you wish, you can find a file with subtitles in any language for almost every movie and easily install it. Moreover, almost all modern phones have the ability to embed subtitles in the video being watched.

In terms of form, all subtitles are divided into two large groups:

Built-in subtitles (located in the same file with the video, they can be enabled or disabled by selecting the appropriate item in the context menu).
External subtitles (separate files of specialized formats, which are also connected using the context menu).

Subtitle formats

Today, for those wishing to watch a movie with text, there is a huge selection of external subtitle formats that are perfect for the most common video players.

SRT is the most well-known subtitle format. It is extremely easy to use and editable. In addition, SRT is able to sync with video on its own, preventing premature or late subtitles.
SUB - was once a very popular subtitle format. But today it is being replaced by more modern formats.
SAMI is a specialized format developed by Microsoft. It has a very clear structure. Supports the ability to change the font, color, size and location.
MicroDVD is a subtitle format designed specifically for the MicroDVD player. In this regard, when using these subtitles in other players, there may be a discrepancy in time. After all, subtitles in this format are synchronized by the frame number of the video sequence, and not by time, like most other formats. At one time it was very popular, but today it is being supplanted by more universal formats.
PGS is a modern subtitle format designed for use on Blue Ray discs.
SSA is a subtitle format designed for use with Sub Station Alpha. It is a specialized subtitling software.
ASS is an enhanced SSA format.
IDX + SUB - graphic subtitles intended for DVD.
TT is one of the most promising subtitle formats today.

How to enable Russian subtitles and captions in other languages

In order to download subtitles, you first need to download them. Most modern discs are equipped with corresponding subtitle files. Otherwise, the file with them just needs to be downloaded.

In most of the most common modern players (Media Player Classic, GOM, KMP, Quicktime player and others), subtitles can be enabled, if they are embedded, using the context menu called by pressing the right mouse button. In the window that appears, select the "subtitles" tab. In the menu that appears, check the box next to "display / show subtitles". In the same menu, you can adjust them to your liking. If there are several, you can choose the appropriate subtitles: Russian for example.

In the absence of built-in subtitles, the same menu item in GOM will allow you to connect external subs. Just select the "subtitle manager" in the context menu and, by clicking on the "folder" icon, select the desired file on the disk.

In the KMP player, to enable external subs, you must select the "open" option, and then "open subtitles".

In Media Player Classic, you need to select the "file" item in the context menu, and then "open subtitles", and you can watch the movie.

Of course, there are other players, but they load and enable subtitles in a similar way.

Where to find subtitles

Knowing what subtitles are, how to install them and what are the most common formats, it is worth figuring out where you can find them.

If the subtitle file was not included on the disc with the movie, then you can find it on the Internet. To do this, you need to go to any subtitle library and download or purchase the required file. You should be careful with the subtitle formats, so as not to suffer later with adjusting to the video stream manually.

When searching for subtitles, it is also important to know how the title of the film is spelled in Russian and in the original - this will simplify the search. Some players, for example Media Player Classic, are able to find the subtitles for the movie themselves. To do this, you need to pause the open file, go to the "file" menu and select "subtitle base". Using this item, you can find and download the required subtitles, however, the function does not work in all versions of the player and not in all regions.

With the development of modern digital technologies, watching a foreign film with a readable translation has become as easy as translating a phrase from one language to another in an online translator. Every day more and more people use subtitles not only as an entertainment tool (watching fashionable films and karaoke), but also to develop the ability to perceive a foreign language by ear. Subtitling is the most affordable and cheapest way to do this today.

Embedded subtitles, or "Hardsub" Is a method of overlaying subtitles, in which they are previously (that is, before the start of viewing) pasted into the video image itself and after that cannot be removed from it in any way. Unlike him external subtitles, or "Softsab" Is a method of superimposing subtitles on a picture at the time of playback, while the subtitles themselves are stored in a separate file (or in a separate video file stream).

The first thing to decide before embarking on a hardsub is: do you need it? Most often, problems associated with the playback of external subtitles are eventually solved, even if you are watching the video not on a computer, but on an "iron" player: if it does not support subtitles, try updating the firmware - perhaps the device manufacturer has already taken care of this ...

But still, sometimes there are cases when you cannot do without a hardsab: when the player is old, it cannot be flashed and is generally out of production, or you upload a movie to your iPod, mobile phone or microwave ...

Personally, my attitude towards hardsub is rather negative than positive, but users persistently continue to ask questions, and therefore I thought it better to write and post this article on the site in order to get rid of this topic once and for all.

So, since with hardsab the subtitles are embedded directly into the video image, it is impossible to do without clamping the video stream. Therefore, I will not be too mistaken if I say that its quality will definitely suffer in this case. How much is already a matter of your skill.

Preparation

Install VirtualDubMod.

Unpack the archive with VSFilter. I don’t know what will happen next, but at the time of this writing, it was supplied as a 7z archive (you can unpack WinRAR) and contained two versions of VSFilter.dll, in the “Release” and “Release Unicode” directories. We are interested in the Unicode version ...

Rename the VSFilter.dll file to VSFilter.vdf and move it to the Program Files \ VirtualDubMod \ plugins \ directory.

Overlay subtitles

Launch VirtualDubMod. Choose menu File> Open video file ...
Open the video file.
All messages regarding VBR headers are ignored.
In the "Video" menu, select "Full Processing Mode":

In the Video> Compression window, select the DivX codec:

Click the "Configure" button:

Your picture may differ from the one shown (because the controls are located and named differently in different versions of DivX). Your task is to find and set the encoding in one pass ("1-pass" or "Single Pass") and the bit rate in the region of 900 ... 1300. The higher the bitrate, the higher the video quality and the larger the file size.

Click "OK" and again "OK".

If necessary, you can also set the audio encoding options in the Audio> Stream List and other options. By the way, there is also two-pass coding, which allows you to obtain quality an order of magnitude higher with the same bitrate than with one-pass. But I will not deliberately dwell on this in detail, since our article is not about this, and those who wish can read all this in a dozen other places.

Now select Video> Filters and (after all the other filters!) Add the "TextSub" filter (this is, in fact, our renamed VSFilter.dll):

Please note that this filter supports. First, there are tons of different subtitle formats, including SSA / ASS, SMI, and others. Our SRT is among others. Secondly, there is a large list of different encodings, which, as far as I understand, are needed for those cases when the system has a locale that is different from the subtitle encoding. Let's choose our encoding ("RUSSIAN").

Click "OK".

Navigate through the file to see what the subtitles look like. Here's what we got:

Now you can encode (File> Save as ...) to get a video with embedded subtitles. Well, then you know what to do with it - into an iron player, iPod, microwave ...

(also: subtitles, from English subtitles - literally: captions below; (zarg.) Subs, short for “subtitles”) - textual accompaniment of a video that duplicates or complements the sound of a film or program. Mostly the subtitles reflect the speech of the characters.

Typically, subtitles are formatted as medium-sized text located at the bottom of the screen when watching a video. Subtitles are useful for people who have difficulty hearing sound in films or are learning the language. However, subtitles are often used to watch a movie (often: anime) with original audio without sound translation. (In some countries - for example, Israel, Bulgaria - this is the usual way of viewing, and voice translation is used only in films for children and in soap series.) Subtitles sometimes contain additional information about what is happening on the screen - for example, the director's commentary on the film and (or) an explanation of places that are difficult to understand.

Use of the term

The word "subtitles" - (from the French. Titre - quality, characteristic, TSB) is a borrowing of the English "subtitles" (subtitles). In Russian, it means a complete track of textual accompaniment to a video. In addition to the pronunciation of "subtitles", there is also "subtitle", but less often.

The singular word "subtitle" is used to distinguish one line from the subtitle.

Specifications

Subtitles can be included in the footage, superimposed over an image, or obtained from a separate file with their text. Usually DVDs with movies contain subtitles for them. The creation of handicraft subtitles, the so-called fansab, is widespread. Such subtitles are distributed either together with the video (embedded subtitles, often also hard from English hardsubs), or as separate files (external, disabled, sometimes soft subtitles).

Digital subtitles

Subtitles for digital video (DVD-video, MPEG-2, MPEG-4) can be:

sewn(from English Hard subtitles, also called hard)
- the image with the subtitle text is superimposed on the original video during the creation of the final file (encoding). Such subtitles do not impose any additional requirements on the players, but they cannot be turned off, and they degrade the quality of the encoded video due to the increase in small contrasting details in the frame. The quality and complexity of embedded subtitles can be maximized, since their creation can take much longer and more meticulous than watching them.

pre-rendered(from English prerendered subtitles)
- subtitles are ready-made images stored separately from the video (although, perhaps, in the same file with it). Such subtitles require support from players, usually of not very high quality (due to the fact that bitmap formats with a small number of colors are used to store such subtitles, which does not allow anti-aliasing of fonts), however, they have no problems with the presentation of texts in different languages , and do not place undue stress on the player. This is how subtitles are found on DVD-video.

programmatic(also called soft subtitles)
- subtitles, which are text, often with markup elements (size, color, typeface, position on the screen). They impose, in comparison with other options, higher requirements for the reproducing equipment (program) due to the need to render fonts (usually vector) and possible effects in real time. Also, some formats have problems with representing text in multiple languages due to the use of one single-byte encoding.

One of the main advantages of pre-rendered and soft subtitles is the ability to have multiple translations (for example, for several languages), as well as the ability to turn off subtitles (which is not possible for embedded subtitles).

Subtitles are also divided into two categories according to the form in which they are stored:

Built-in- are in the same file with the video.
External- represent one or more separate files, usually with a name that fully or partially coincides with the name of the video file, but with a different extension: SRT, SUB, TXT (see below for more details).

Popular external subtitle formats

srt- text format of SubRip subtitles. Initially, it did not support the elements of text outlining, later it was expanded with support for colors and character styles (italics, bold text).
smi(smil) is a text based subtitle format based on SGML. Provides almost all text formatting options supported by HTML and CSS standards.
ssa- text format of Sub Station Alpha subtitles. Provides the setting of color, position of characters, size of letters, typeface; allows you to apply complex video effects to characters (shading, movement, turns, etc.); can contain text in several different encodings.
ass- text format of subtitles Advanced Sub Station Alpha (first implemented in the Medusa program), further development of the ssa format.
sub / idx- binary format of pre-rendered subtitles for the VobSub program. Sometimes referred to as "Vobsub subtitles", although this is not very true. These are graphic subtitles extracted from DVD (for example, using DVDDecrypter).

Additional Information

sous-titres - signatures; jarg. - sabs) - textual accompaniment of the video, in the original language or in translation, duplicating and sometimes supplementing, for example, for hearing-impaired or deaf viewers, the soundtrack of a film or program. The subtitles primarily reflect the speech of people and characters in the frame. Typically, subtitles are formatted as medium-sized text located at the bottom of the screen when watching a video. The word "subtitle" means the text that is displayed on the screen at any time during viewing.

Usage

Subtitles are necessary not only for hearing impaired or deaf people, sometimes subtitles contain additional information about what is happening on the screen, for example, commentaries on a film, explanations of difficult-to-understand terms, titles, etc. Subtitles are often used to watch films with an original soundtrack. In many countries, this is the usual way of watching foreign films and TV shows, and dubbing is only used in films for children, since dubbing is much more expensive than subtitling. In Western Europe, duplication is mainly used only in Germany, Spain, Italy and France, which has historically been associated with greater possibilities for censorship. Nevertheless, subtitles are becoming more and more popular in these countries as well.

Subtitles can also be used in cases when it is necessary to observe silence when watching a TV show or a movie, or when viewing is in conditions of increased noise.

Specifications

Subtitles vary in the level of detail of events. Usually only characters' lines are subtitled. If the subtitles are used to translate the film, then they also comment on the inscriptions that appear in the frame. In the same case, when subtitles are created for people with hearing impairments, important sound events are often recorded in them: for example, at the moment when the hero of a horror film hears an ominous grinding, a subtitle may appear “ (ominous grinding)". Such subtitles are called closed captions in the United States because they are encoded for possible activation on television sets, as opposed to regular subtitles (or open captions), which are either displayed by default or can be enabled via the DVD menu.

Subtitles can be included in the footage, superimposed over an image, or obtained from a separate file with their text. Usually DVDs with movies contain subtitles for them. The creation of handicraft subtitles, the so-called fansab, is widespread. Such subtitles are distributed either together with the video ( sewn subtitles, often also tough from English hardsubs), or as separate files ( external, disconnectable, sometimes soft subtitles).

Analog subtitles

For motion pictures and home videos (VHS) recorded in SÉCAM and PAL, the only subtitle form may be hard, that is, superimposed on the image even before the recording of the medium. Closed captions are used for television broadcasting and home video in NTSC format (see above). Subtitles can also be broadcast in teletext form.

Digital subtitles

Subtitles for video in digital form (DVD-video, MPEG-2, MPEG-4) can be:

sewn(from the English. Hard subtitles, also called hard, also hardsaby- jarg.) - the image with the subtitle text is superimposed on the original video during the creation of the final file (encoding). Such subtitles do not impose any additional requirements on the players, but they cannot be turned off, and they degrade the quality of the encoded video due to many small contrasting details in the frame. The quality and complexity of embedded subtitles can be maximized: everything that pre-rendered or software subtitles can do can also be embedded (any fonts, any languages, any video effects ...).
pre-rendered(from the English. prerendered subtitles) - subtitles are ready-made images stored separately from the video (although, perhaps, in the same file with it). Such subtitles require support from players, and usually not of very high quality (due to the fact that bitmap formats with a small number of colors are used to store such subtitles, which does not allow anti-aliasing of fonts), however, they have no problems with the presentation of texts in different languages, do not create an excessive load on the player and do not take up a large share of the video stream. This is how subtitles are found on DVD-video.
programmatic(also called soft- jarg. from English soft subtitles) - subtitles, which are text, often with markup elements (size, color, typeface, position on the screen). They impose, in comparison with other options, higher requirements for the reproducing equipment (program) due to the need to render fonts (usually vector) and possible effects in real time. As a rule, the text is positioned on the screen only approximately: on the one hand, the player can vary the font or its size in order to display the subtitles by the available means, on the other, it is difficult or impossible to position the caption at a given point on the screen to translate, for example, a sign. Also, some formats have problems with representing text in multiple languages due to the use of one single-byte encoding. Many computer players can connect external subtitle files, this allows you to choose exactly the amateur translation you need for an officially not translated film. This subtitle type can also be programmatically enabled, disabled, switched. With the advent of progressive formats of video containers (mkv, mp4, ogm), it became possible to embed subtitles in a separate stream, along with streams of video, audio, etc., into a file container, without any external files.

One of the main advantages pre-rendered and programmatic subtitles is the ability to have multiple translations (for example, for several languages), as well as the ability to turn off subtitles (which is impossible for sewn subtitles).

Subtitles also fall into two categories according to the form in which they are stored:

External - represent one or several separate files, usually with a name that fully or partially coincides with the name of the video file, but with a different extension: SRT, SUB, TXT (see below for more details).
Built-in (also called internal) - are in the same file with the video.

Popular external subtitle formats

srt- text format of SubRip subtitles. Initially, it did not support text design elements, but was later expanded to support colors and character styles (italics, bold text). Ass tags are sometimes used for advanced style customization.
smi(smil) is a text based subtitle format based on SGML. Provides almost all text formatting options supported by HTML and CSS standards.
s2k- text format of Sasami subtitles.
ssa- text format of Sub Station Alpha subtitles. Provides the setting of color, position of characters, size of letters, typeface; allows you to apply complex video effects to characters (shading, movement, turns, etc.); can contain text in several different encodings.
ass- text format of subtitles Advanced Sub Station Alpha (first implemented in the Medusa program), further development of the format ssa.
sub / idx- binary format of pre-rendered (graphic) subtitles extracted from DVD using a special program. Such subtitles can be connected to the video using the DirectShow filter VSFilter (formerly called VobSub).

Perspective formats

Timed Text (TT) is an XML-based format developed by the W3C.

Non-subtitle formats

ogm- Ogg Media, a modification of the Ogg container to support video and subtitles. Usually contains built-in software subtitles that can be disabled, similar to srt.
mkv- Matryoshka, an open container capable of containing video, audio and embedded software subtitles that can be disabled srt, ass and vobsub.

Audio subtitles

A separate class of subtitle formats is LRC, which is usually used in karaoke or simply to view timed lyrics, in the original language (including hieroglyphic languages) or in translation (for cultural exchange). To use these verses use the MiniLyrics program