It is difficult to imagine a lamp without an electric cartridge. This part not only fixes the light bulb and transmits current, but also serves as an integral component for other additional elements. These parts include: lampshade, lampshade and various aesthetic items. In order to understand how to connect a light bulb socket, you need to take a closer look at all the nuances.
Cartridge
Before installing a light bulb socket, you should pay attention to its structure, GOST standards, types, connection methods and other interesting things.
Marking
If you believe GOST-R IEC 60238-99, you can see that threaded cartridges come in three different types:
- E14 is a cartridge that is called “minion”. This device is used in microwave ovens and refrigerators.
- E27 is used in the vast majority of luminaires.
- E40 is used for street lighting sources.
They all have the same principle of operation, and the differences can only be observed in dimensions and design solutions.
Important! Any device has its own markings on the surface of the body. It is needed to indicate specifications:
- The first from the list is installed only in those places where current consumption does not exceed 2 A, at 440 W.
- E27 - no more than 4 A, at 880 W.
- The latter is no more than 16 A, at 3.5 kW. All these devices operate on an alternating voltage of 250 V.
How to remove the socket from a chandelier? Let's take our time and get acquainted with the structure of this useful device.
How is the cartridge constructed?
The device boasts three main elements: a cylinder-shaped body containing a threaded sleeve, a bottom and a ceramic liner. Carving is based on Edison's principle. To transmit current, two brass contacts and two strips are used, with threads applied to them for fastening.
Important! For safety reasons, you need to apply the phase directly to the contact of the base, which is located in the center. Such measures will help minimize the chance of being affected by the human phase.
Triple cartridge
There are devices that can accommodate three lamps at once. Contacts can often fall out of the device, so you should pay attention when working with such devices.
Wires are attached to the holes located in the contact plates. You can attach them using nuts and screws, but no one forbids using a soldering iron.
Important! It will be quite difficult for a person who has never done this, so it is best to rely on the instructions, which can be found on the manufacturer’s websites or the box of the product itself.
We are already close to installing the light bulb socket.
Installing a conventional appliance
It is necessary to understand how the cartridge itself is assembled from the very beginning. Such knowledge will always be useful in case of repair:
- The brass plate is pressed tightly against the ceramic liner. The contact plate is secured with a screw that is screwed into the steel plate. This screw is needed not only to secure the central contact, but to pass current through it.
- The second brass plate is installed exactly according to the same principle. The contact located in the center must be bent to the level of the contacts located on the side. Rings are formed directly on the conductors and threaded through the bottom, attaching to steel plates.
When connecting the cartridge through a standard key, the phase must be connected to the contact that is located in the center.
Important! During assembly, all components must be checked for integrity. Take the lamp base and press it firmly against the contact. If during contact the deflection is measured in a few millimeters, then you did everything right. Otherwise, you should bend the contacts upward.
Now screw the housing itself onto the bottom, use the finished device for any lamps.
Terminals
Progress does not stand still, so the household appliance market has long boasted a new type of device, the wires of which are secured using special terminals.
Terminals help to significantly speed up the installation process for chandeliers and lamps. The body of such a device itself is made of plastic, and the contacts are held on the inside with rivets.
Important! Unfortunately, if the device is damaged, restoration work will not be possible, which will force the consumer to look for a replacement.
Screwless cartridge
How to assemble a lamp socket if it does not have a thread? Everything is very simple. The case is equipped with two pairs of holes into which the wires go. Inside the cartridge there are brass contacts, which are some kind of springs. This entire structure serves to secure the wires.
Important! Paired holes allow you to connect sockets in parallel in chandeliers and lamps that have several bulbs. One device is powered by voltage, and the rest are simply connected to it.
In order to connect a contactless cartridge, you need to take the wire and remove the insulation on it exactly one centimeter, and then simply thread it into the desired hole.
But there are nuances when working with such devices. It is no secret that the most commonly used wires are stranded, and securing them in contacts is quite problematic. Manufacturers solved this problem this way: multi-core wires are tinned in order to make them single-core.
Important! If you find it difficult to reach the wires with your fingers, you can resort to using tweezers.
How to repair a cartridge?
Have your lamp bulbs started to flicker or burn out? Most likely, the issue is poor contacts inside the cartridge. The buzzing and burning smell when turning on and off only indicates this.
To check this, unscrew the light bulb and inspect the socket. Blackened contacts need to be cleaned. The cause of such blackening may be poor contact at the junction of the wires and the cartridge. In order to get rid of this problem, you need to do the following:
- Disassemble the electric cartridge.
- Make sure good connection with a current conductor.
- Clean the contacts well if necessary.
- If the bulb moves away from the base, then it is best to unscrew it by unscrewing the device body from the bottom.
The question of how to connect a light bulb socket is far from simple.
To connect, you will need to know both the design of the cartridge and safe and high-quality electrical installation.
It will be necessary to use special tools - probes and testers.
And also know where and how the voltage is disconnected and connected to the lighting network.
Before connecting the light bulb socket , You should familiarize yourself with the design of standard cartridges.
Standard light bulb sockets are standardized in accordance with GOST R IEC 60238-99.
It defines the main types of cartridges, their electrical characteristics and plug-in light bulbs.
In standard household sockets, light bulbs are connected using an Edison thread.
Some energy-saving lamps have a different connection - using plugs and latches.
They are not discussed in this article, and usually for lighting fixtures and lamps, when the connection is made in such a non-standard manner, there are instructions from the manufacturer.
In accordance with GOST R IEC 60238-99, cartridges used in everyday life are divided into three types: E14, E27 and E40. The E14 socket is used to connect small light bulbs, used in household appliances, refrigerators, table and wall lamps. The permissible current for such cartridges is up to 2 amperes.
The E27 socket is larger in size and is the main socket for connecting incandescent lamps. Used in closed lamps and chandeliers. The permissible current for such cartridges is up to 4 amperes.
The E40 socket is used in outdoor luminaires for large lamps, which are most often installed openly. It has a permissible current value of 16 amperes; for E40 cartridges used with an operating voltage of 130 volts there is a “subspecies” that allows current values of up to 32 amperes.
E27 lampholders with a switch have limit value current up to 2 amperes. Permissible limit voltage for all cartridges – up to 250 volts.
Cartridges are available in various sizes. The main varieties are smooth, terminal, screw-in. They are used in most lighting devices.
Sometimes you can find sockets with a switch, which are used in basements, storerooms and utility rooms, as well as in temporary lighting electrical networks. The standard allows a metal insert between parts of the cartridge with a thickness of no more than 0.5 mm.
It is used to secure the cartridge in, usually has two or three holes for mounting screws. Most ceramic sockets have external connection terminals.
Any cartridge described above has two contacts for connection. One contact supplies voltage to the threaded part of the light bulb base, and the second to the end part. As a result, when the voltage in the lighting network is turned on, an electric current passes through the light bulb, and it glows if it is working properly.
A conventional cartridge is fixed in, hanging on a wire. The terminal cartridge is fixed in the same way, but it has two terminals that allow its installation without disassembling the cartridge.
The threaded cartridge has a thread on the outer part, with the help of which it can be firmly fixed in the lamp body. Separately, it is worth considering the special designs of sockets for some lamps and chandeliers, which, nevertheless, must meet the requirements of GOST so that standard light bulbs can be screwed into them without restrictions.
Connecting the cartridge to the wire terminals
Before connecting the cartridge, you should check the lighting electrical network.
You will need materials and tools - a screwdriver, a probe screwdriver, electrical tape or clamps, pliers or duckbill pliers, a wire stripper.
You can use a lighter when cleaning.
You may need an assistant, and most likely a stepladder or stool.
It is more convenient to stand on a table when working - you can not only stand on it calmly and steadily, but also spread out the tool. Most likely, you will need a tester - a device that measures resistance, and additional wires to it to the panel.
You will also need a flashlight when working in the dark or late at night. Headlamp is best suited LED flashlight, it does not need to be held in your hands.
If this is not the case, you can use a surrogate method by simply holding a small flashlight in your mouth with your teeth and shining it on yourself. Or ask an assistant to shine the light, which will be much more convenient.
First you need to check how the switch works. According to the requirements of the PUE, the lighting network must be separate from the power network. Therefore, check if the sockets are working if you have turned off the light circuit breaker.
If they work, then everything is fine. If the power and lighting networks are installed together, this is a violation of the PUE, and the installation of the electrical network must be redone.
If it opens the neutral wire, it is necessary to modify the switch so that it opens the phase wire. You can check whether the neutral or phase wire is open using a probe screwdriver - it will show the active phase wire under voltage when contacted with the tip of the probe.
In this case, the probe lamp should light up. If everything is in order, with the switch contacts open, the probe should not show voltage in any wire.
A test screwdriver is very inexpensive - within 15-20 rubles. It will be the most in demand in the arsenal of a home electrician and you need to buy it first.
According to standards, the neutral wire must have Blue colour, phase – white, red, brown, yellow. The ground wire is green-yellow in color. Try to follow these combinations when installing the electrical network at home.
Before connecting the cartridge, you must turn off the lighting circuit breaker so that there is no voltage in the network. Do not rely on the switch - someone could accidentally turn it on by entering the dark room where you are working.
Then you should disassemble the cartridge. The body of a conventional cartridge consists of two parts - the base part and the rear semicircular end part. Having disassembled the cartridge, you will see a porcelain insulator on which there are two screws with contacts for connecting wires.
You need to connect the wires to them, then assemble the cartridge and connect it. Sequence of actions for a conventional cartridge:
- Clean the insulation from the ends of the wires, approximately 1-1.5 centimeters
- Place the back part of the socket on both wires so that you can then screw the rest of the socket to it in the desired position.
- Bend the stripped ends of wires with a small diameter into rings so that the terminal screw of the cartridge fits into them with a small gap. If the wire is stranded, before bending it into a ring, it must be twisted into a small bundle so that the wire strands do not stick out to the sides.
- Wrap the exposed part of the wire with electrical tape from the un-removed one, going over it a couple of turns, all the way to the ring. In this case, this winding should pass freely through the back of the cartridge.
- Secure the wires with screws to the terminals of the cartridge insulator. The neutral wire should go to the light bulb base. The wires must be tightened not with the head of the screw, but with special square-shaped gaskets.
- Wrap the wires with electrical tape so that rear end The cartridge was put on this electrical tape with a slight tension up to the insulator. This way you will reliably protect the insides of the cartridge from moisture and dust from the rear side, and even a flood from neighbors above will not lead to a short circuit. At the front, the socket will be protected by a tightly screwed bulb base.
- Screw the base part of the cartridge.
- Screw in the light bulb, turn on the voltage and check operation.
Terminal cartridges are characterized by an external location of the connection terminals. In this case, the connection is made without disassembling the cartridge.
And for threaded ones, on the base part there is a thread on the outside, which allows them to be screwed into the lamp body. Connecting any type of cartridge is carried out according to approximately the same procedure, which is easy to understand after familiarizing yourself with the structure of a particular cartridge.
Connecting the socket to the chandelier. Connecting a chandelier or lamp
First, the functionality of the electrical network is checked, as for connecting a single cartridge. and the tools are the same, the sequence and precautions are the same.
Connecting the socket to the chandelier must be done when the chandelier is removed, placed on the table and all wires are disconnected from it.
Before purchasing, you need to remove the burnt cartridge and purchase in the store exactly the same one, corresponding in current and voltage to what you had before.
Then they check whether there are enough leads so that the cartridge can be connected to them, or whether they are burnt out longer length and there is no way to twist them.
If not, replace the wires inside the chandelier or lamp.
Sometimes this is not possible, and you will have to buy a new lamp. If everything is fine, connect the socket according to the same rules as described earlier for a regular socket, but taking into account the design of the specific socket for a given chandelier.
If there is a resistance tester, after connecting the cartridge, check whether current flows from the input wires removed chandelier to the sockets of the cartridge.
The connection of a chandelier or lamp is carried out after all the sockets inside them are connected and their functionality is checked. Usually done using compression.
This not only allows you to not strip the wires too much, but also makes the connection safer. Electrical wiring and the chandelier must have wires made of the same material - if the wiring is copper, then the chandelier wires must also be copper.
If it is aluminum, you must use a special compression adapter. In this case, connecting by twisting is not allowed.
Most often, the chandelier has several terminals for connection, so that you can use the connection to multi-keys. In this case, there is one neutral wire and several phase wires.
The neutral wire must have contact with all cartridges, the phase wires - only with those that are turned on and off with a certain key. More details on how to connect the cartridge, if there are three wires or four, will be discussed below.
Then the wires are connected using twists or squeezes. Slide the decorative protective cap onto the mounting location.
The twists must be wrapped with electrical tape; the compressions can be left open. Bare wires should not stick out from the clamps; if necessary, they should be cut off with wire cutters.
What to do if there are more than two wires
How to connect a cartridge if there are four wires , five or more? There is no need to panic.
You need to determine which of these wires are phase and which are neutral. Your true friend- sample. The test is carried out with the voltage connected.
The probe light will not light up on the neutral wires, but it will on the phase wires. You should not trust the colors of the wires - electricians often confuse the colors during installation, and it is better to check everything carefully yourself.
If you connect the cartridge to two phase wires, two cases are possible. The first is when both wires are powered from one phase of a three-phase network. In this case, the light bulb will not light, although voltage will be supplied to the socket. The second is when both wires are powered from different phases of a three-phase network.
In this case, when you turn on the cartridge, you will have not 220, but 380 volts. In this case, the network is overloaded, and it’s good if the machine works - the light bulb, socket, switch, and even the electrical wiring may burn out, and the whole thing will have to be changed.
In some cases, two wires come to the lighting network, which are registered by the probe as zero. Most likely, the second wire is ground.
Grounding must be installed on all lamps that are connected to suspended metal frames, as well as to the frame of these ceilings. You can determine which wire is grounding using a tester by measuring the resistance between the grounding input in the panel and the grounding terminal on the ceiling.
You cannot confuse the neutral wire with grounding - your RCD will immediately trip when you turn it on; the automatic circuit breaker, however, may not work. Therefore, it is also necessary to measure with a tester whether the neutral wire is truly neutral.
So, we have determined which of the wires is phase, and found out which of the switch keys opens. It is advisable to tape the other switch keys on the outside with tape in the off position in order to immediately find the one you need and turn it on. Then you need to connect the cartridge as described earlier.
How to connect a chandelier with three wires to suspended ceiling- on video:
Modern rooms cannot be imagined without lighting fixtures. But even to light a light bulb, you need a socket to connect it to the network. And to protect the lamp from external influences, a lampshade is required, which also acts as a diffuser. The luminaires may also include a reflector that redistributes the light flux in one direction.
Electrical wiring is laid inside the luminaire to connect the input terminals to the socket contacts. Disassembly of lamps is required:
- immediately after purchase;
- for replacing cartridges;
- to find damage in electrical wiring;
- lamp revision.
Checking and connecting a new lamp
Modern chandeliers, which include several sockets with light bulbs, are sold with an unassembled connection diagram inside. This is dictated by the fact that the user will independently divide the lamps of the lamp into groups and connect them as he needs. Therefore, such a lamp must be immediately opened and connections made. The wires to the light bulbs are colored, the neutral conductors are blue. They are connected together and then connected to the neutral conductor of the power circuit.
When the lamps are turned on at the same time, the phase conductors are connected together and connected to the phase conductor of the network coming from the switch. If the switch has two or more keys, then the phase conductors from the lamp groups, which will be turned on simultaneously, are combined and connected to the corresponding wires from the switch.
If there is a protective conductor, it is connected to the luminaire body.
It would not be superfluous to completely disassemble the lamp and inspect it. Check how the wires are cut (if excess insulation has been removed), tighten the connections in the sockets.
Electrical wiring in lamps is carried out with flexible wires, and in the apartment the cables are made with monocore, and sometimes also aluminum. Therefore, pay attention to connecting the lamp to the electrical wiring. Welding or soldering is not suitable for this - the connection must be detachable. If the conductors of the lamp are not tinned, then be sure to do so. Or press pin sleeve lugs onto the ends of the wires. Then connect to the electrical wiring using WAGO or ZVI terminals (more details about connection methods:). The use of PPE caps is allowed only for connecting copper conductors. No ferrules are required for this connection. But in this case, turning off the lamp to dismantle it during operation will be difficult.
Replacing the lamp socket
The weakest element of the lamp is the socket. In modern products, its lateral contact often suffers. It either breaks off or weakens, losing its springing properties. As practice has shown, bending it is useless. During the process of replacing light bulbs, the central contact sometimes breaks.
Before replacing the socket, determine the type of lamp base used in the luminaire. There are two common sizes: the larger one is E27, the smaller one is E14. If you find it difficult to determine the type of base, go to the store with a light bulb from a lamp or a removed socket. The second option is preferable, since the range of cartridges is wide.
To dismantle modern porcelain sockets, you need to unscrew two screws, and from the side of its internal cavity, where the lamp is screwed. It's easy to unscrew them; it will be more difficult to screw them back in, since there is nothing to hold them with. It is more convenient to install such a cartridge in place using a screwdriver with a magnetic tip, or magnetize the rod of a regular screwdriver. To do this, it is touched with a permanent magnet. You can hold it on the rod until the screw fits into the threads. If you remove the lamp from the ceiling to replace the socket, the process will go faster.
If the wires connected to the socket are flexible, do not overtighten them. The contact screw may cut conductors.
Replacing old black carbolite sockets sometimes requires complete disassembly of the lamp. There are many modifications: wall-mounted, ceiling-mounted or suspended.
The disassembly sequence is as follows:
- Unscrew the lamp.
- Unscrew the part of the socket into which the lamp is screwed (No. 1 in the figure). In this case, the ceramic insert with the contact group (No. 2) must be held with your finger.
- Remove the ceramic insert and disconnect the wires from it.
- Depending on the method of fastening the bottom of the cartridge, either unscrew the flat nut or unscrew the bottom if it is held on a thread. At the same time, do not allow the wires to rotate with it.
Assembly is carried out in reverse order. When installing the contact group, it must fit into special grooves in the body of the cartridge bottom. Before screwing in the outer part, hold the ceramic insert with your finger so that it does not come out of the grooves.
Replacing wires in a lamp
In most lamps and chandeliers, the conductors are laid inside the cavities of the tubes that hold the sockets. They have to be changed if, during repeated alterations, the length of the wires becomes insufficient. Or, if the insulation melts or burns as a result of exposure to the operating temperature inside the lamp when using incandescent lamps, or as a result of loose contacts in the socket.
To replace, select a wire with the same insulation thickness and cross-section. Others may not fit into the cavity instead of the old one. New wires are connected to the old ones. To do this, it is better to use soldering, using it to connect the wire strands. The old conductors are then pulled out of the cavity and new wires will be pulled in their place. If the connection is unreliable and breaks, then it will be possible to lay new wires only with the help of a conductor.
A thin steel wire is suitable for the conductor; you can use the one through which the cables are pulled into the corrugation. The wire is inserted into the conductor cavity, new wires are tied to it and pulled inside.
In my own way functional purpose A light bulb socket is a special element that is used to fix a light source inside a device connected to the network. Any repair work related to the installation of electrical equipment requires mandatory calculations of the performance of the wiring in the room. These events are often directly related to the owner’s wishes regarding design, and design projects are also taken into account. Thus, to create a home that is original in its design, it may be necessary to install different types of lighting fixtures, which will inevitably entail the need to install different sockets. Therefore, you should figure out how to connect the light bulb socket correctly, that is, in compliance with all safety rules.
What does the cartridge consist of?
When working with electricity, it is very important not to forget about clearly regulated rules that can not only ensure normal operation of the equipment, but also preserve the health of homeowners.
Therefore, before thinking about how to install a light bulb socket, you need to firmly remember several prerequisites:
- firstly, the element itself and the lamp mounted in it must correspond to each other. This means that the base lighting fixture must be suitable;
- secondly, do not forget about periodic replacement of electrical equipment, which explains the need to connect the lamp directly to the socket, and not directly from the network.
The principle of the design of this element is as follows: using a special screw, one of the wires is attached to the side contact, and the other is connected to the central one using the same screw.
The main components of this part are the sleeve, body and central contact. All of them are fixed on the insulator.
Types of sockets for electrical lighting devices
It is no secret that a light bulb socket can have any configuration, as a result of which there is a division of this element into 4 large categories.
- Threaded cartridge having a diameter of 27 mm. Most often used in standard apartments and private houses, since this sample is equipped with the most common base and is suitable for a standard lighting source.
- 14mm threaded cartridge. This type is used in devices equipped with small-sized devices. Such lighting is usually zonal, that is, not general, since the range of action of such equipment is not large.
- A cartridge with a diameter of 40 mm. The main lamps for such samples are large-sized models with high power (500 W or more). The scope of application of such equipment is outdoor lighting (streets, roads).
- A special type, called bayonet, is resistant to even the strongest vibrations. Such elements are very often used for transport; in addition, they differ from other threaded samples in that they are not screwed in according to the standard principle, but are inserted, since due to heavy loads and vibration, a standard cartridge can simply fall out.
Technical features of various lamp sockets
It is important to note that light bulb sockets can vary not only in type, but also in accordance with design features. Therefore, according to this parameter, several varieties can be distinguished, such as hanging (used for rooms with high level humidity), equipped with a special fastening mechanism, straight, inclined and others.
The cartridge cases also differ from each other. Thus, the most popular are samples made of plastic or porcelain (they are more resistant to high temperatures).
Disassembling the lamp socket
In order to accurately separate the equipment into its component parts, it is necessary, firstly, to unscrew the upper fragment of the device so that its ceramic base is visible, which, in turn, is connected to the contacts. Then this part must be taken out and disconnected from all elements adjacent to it.
It is very important to understand how the light bulb socket interacts directly with the wire. Connecting equipment to a stationary switch must be accompanied by connecting the phase cable to the central contact. After this, it is important to make sure that the resulting system works reliably. To do this, you need to apply a light source with a base to understand that the contact obtained as a result of assembly is bent to a distance of at least 2 mm. The assembly of the entire element is completed by screwing the housing into a cylinder.
Replacing the cartridge
It is extremely important to remember that the installation of a light bulb socket must be carried out in strict compliance with safety precautions.
First of all, you need to de-energize the panel, that is, turn off those circuit breakers in it that are directly responsible for lighting. After this, it is imperative to remove the lighting device in which the light bulb with the faulty socket is installed. This should always be done to avoid potential risks of harm to health.
After removing the lamp, you can begin disassembling the socket, the process of which was described above.
As a rule, this element of the light bulb is fastened to a metal tube. This type of fixation is the most popular, since with its help you can not only give the entire structure the greatest strength, but also implement numerous design solutions due to the ability of such a mechanism to withstand the heavy load that falls on the metal tube. In addition, this part can be equipped with various nuts, which allows you to fix a variety of shades and decorative lampshades on the lamp.
If the wires inside are significantly outdated, it is also recommended to replace them. This is not difficult to do; you just need to remove the old cables from the tube and stretch new ones in their place.
The work ends by assembling the cartridge in the reverse order. It is especially important to be careful here, since any, even minimal damage to the insulation can cause short circuits.
Possible repair of a light bulb socket
When thinking about how to make a light bulb socket with your own hands, owners may encounter a number of problems associated either with installation difficulties or with a simple lack of experience in such work. However, there are situations when it is absolutely necessary to dismantle or repair installed equipment. For example, the light source begins to work with less power, a specific sound (buzzing) appears, and sometimes a burning smell appears.
If any of these problems occur, you need to unscrew the device and carefully examine its cartridge. If its contacts have turned black, then simply cleaning them will be enough.
It also happens that when unscrewing a light bulb from a lamp, the bulb may peel off from the base. To correct this problem, it would be best to completely unscrew the base, while removing the cartridge body. This can be done either manually or using, for example, pliers.
One way or another, high-quality repairs require complete disassembly of the cartridge and checking all its connections. If all the rules described above are observed, the lighting equipment will last a long time and will not bother the owners with frequent breakdowns.
Types, device, connection and repair
is an installation electrical product used for detachable connection of light bulbs and other artificial light sources to electrical wiring.
Electric chuck is an integral part of any lamp or chandelier and often performs the task of not only transmitting electric current, and also a holder for lampshade, lampshade, other aesthetic items and lighting control devices.
Types, markings and technical characteristics
electric cartridges
All electric cartridges are designed in the same way according to the principle of operation and differ only overall dimensions, the material from which they are made and design.
The body of the electric cartridge is usually marked with its technical characteristics. If they are not indicated, you can find them out from the table based on the mounting dimensions of the lamp base.
Table of types of popular electric cartridges
for connecting artificial light sources to the network
Electrical sockets based on the method of connecting lamp bases are available in two varieties: screw type E series and pin type G series.
Electric threaded sockets for lamps are subject to GOST R IEC 60238-99, according to which sockets for a 220 V network are available in three types. E14 – in everyday life called minion, E27 and E40 – for street lamps.
Pin sockets for lamps are subject to GOST R IEC 60400-99, which regulates technical requirements for cartridges of type: G4, G5.3, G6.35, G8, GR8, G10, GU10, G10q, GR10q, GX10q, GY10q, G13, G20, GX23, G24, GX24, GY24, G32, GX32, GY32, GX53, 2G7, 2G11, 2G13, Fa6, Fa8 and R17d, designed for operation in a 220 V network. It is worth noting that in the marking of pin sockets, the number indicates the distance in the socket between the contact holes for installing lamp pins.
As you can see, according to GOST the lineup electric sockets are quite wide, so the table lists only popular types that are most often installed in chandeliers and lamps for indoor and outdoor lighting.
| Types and types of popular electric sockets for connecting artificial light sources | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marking | Appearance | Load current, A | Power no more than, W | Purpose |
| E14 |  |
2 | 440 | Edison round thread cartridge ∅14 mm, which is popularly called “Minion”. Designed for low power LED and incandescent lamps |
| E27 |  |
4 | 880 | A socket with a ∅27 mm Edison round thread, which until recently was installed in almost all lamps. Currently being replaced by E14 |
| E40 |  |
16 | 3500 | Ceramic cartridge with round Edison thread ∅40 mm. Designed for installation in high-power outdoor lighting fixtures |
| G4-G10 |  |
5 | 60 | Pin plug-in sockets G4, G5.3, G6.35, G8, G10 are usually installed in luminaires for connecting small-sized, low-power halogen and LED lamps. The number after the letter G indicates the distance between the cartridge contacts |
| G9 |  |
5 | 60 | The contacts in the G9 socket are made in the form of grooves designed to connect halogen and LED lamps having a base with flat contacts in the form of a loop |
| GU10 | 5 | 50 | The GU10 pin insert chuck is similar in application to G4-G10 with a pin spacing of 10 mm. Its special feature is the increased diameter of the lamp base pins at the ends, due to which the base is installed in the socket by turning clockwise and securely fixed | |
| G13 |  |
4 | 80 | The G13 pin plug-in socket is designed for connecting linear fluorescent and LED lamps. Its distinctive feature is its use in pairs and the need, after installing the lamp in the slot of the socket, to rotate it relative to the axis by 90° |
| GX23 | 2 | 75 | The two-pin plug-in socket GX23 is designed for connecting U-shaped fluorescent and cylindrical LED lamps | |
| G24 |  |
2 | 75 | The four-pin plug-in socket G24 is designed for connecting U-shaped fluorescent and cylindrical LED lamps. The number 24 indicates the distance between opposite pins diagonally |
| 2G7 | 2 | 50 | Pin plug-in four-pin socket 2G7 is designed for connecting U-shaped fluorescent and cylindrical LED lamps | |
| GX53 |  |
5 | 50 | The modern GX53 pin chuck is similar in design to the GU10 with a pin spacing of 53mm. Its special feature is its small thickness, which is important for installing LED lamps in suspended and suspended ceilings |
In the table, the maximum load current and power of connected lamps are for reference and depend on the material from which the socket is made. For example, ceramic sockets, unlike plastic ones, can withstand more current and allow the connection of more powerful lamps.
In Chinese chandeliers there are non-standard E27 electric sockets, designed for screwing in two, three or more light bulbs at once.
The socket for three light bulbs is designed and connected as follows. There are holes in the contacting plates, and you can connect wires to them using screws with M3 nuts; if you have a soldering iron on hand, you can connect the wires to the plates by soldering. The red arrow indicates the plate to which the phase wire must be connected. The neutral wire is connected to the location of the blue arrow. The dotted blue line shows the connection between the pins. This jumper need not be made, since the plates will be connected to each other through the base of the screwed-in light bulb, the green line in the photo. But then, if the right light bulb is not screwed in, then the left light bulb will also not receive power.
Design and principle of operation of an electric cartridge
Let's look at the design of an electric cartridge using the example of the widely used E-series Edison threaded cartridges.
The cartridge consists of three main parts. An outer cylindrical body in which a threaded sleeve with Edison thread is fixed, a bottom and a ceramic liner. To transfer current from suitable conductors to the light bulb base there are 2 brass contacts and threaded mounting strips.
In front of you in the photo is an E27 cartridge, completely disassembled into its component parts.
The photo clearly shows how the brass contacts touch the base of the light bulb. The photo on the right shows how current is transferred when brass contacts are attached to a ceramic liner.
In ancient times, when electricity bills were based on the number of light bulbs and sockets in an apartment, a device popularly known as the “rogue” was widely used.
The adapter cartridge that you see in the photo was screwed into the electric cartridge. On one side it has an external thread, like a light bulb, and on the other, an internal thread, like an ordinary socket. This crook had two brass tubes built into it, like a socket. The swindler allowed him to connect any electrical appliances to the chandelier. You can make such a crook yourself from an ordinary electric cartridge.
Methods for attaching electric sockets
in chandeliers and lamps
When replacing or repairing faulty electrical sockets in chandeliers and lamps, they have to be removed. To do this, you need to know how to attach the cartridge to the base of the chandelier.
The cartridge is attached to chandeliers and lamps, usually at the bottom. There is a thread in the hole where the wire enters the cartridge. For E14 – M10×1. E27 can have one of three: M10×1, M13×1 or M16×1. Lamps can be hung directly on an electrical wire or on a metal tube of any length and shape with a thread at the end.
Fastening the electric socket in the lamp
for the current-carrying wire
Fastening the cartridge to the current-carrying wire without additionally securing it is not permissible. A plastic sleeve is screwed into the bottom with a hole in the center for the passage of the electrical wire, in which a fixing plastic screw is provided.
After connecting the wires to the contacts of the cartridge and assembling it, clamp the wire with a plastic screw. Often the bushing is also used to secure decorative elements of lamps and parts for attaching the lampshade. This ensures the reliability of the connection of the electric socket, the lamp suspension and the mounting of the lampshade. Photo report on how I attached the cartridge to the current supply wire when making sconces for the hallway. A special wire with increased mechanical strength is used.
Mounting the electric socket in a chandelier on a tube
Mounting an electric socket on a metal tube is the most common, as it allows you to hang heavy lampshades and gives scope to your design imagination. He often screws additional nuts onto the tube and, using them, directly attaches any chandelier fittings, decorative caps, or lampshades themselves to the tube. The entire load is no longer carried by the electric cartridge, but by the metal tube. The wire for connecting the cartridge is passed inside the tube.
There are electric sockets that have a thread on the outer part of the cylindrical body onto which you can screw a lampshade ring and use it to secure a lampshade or other element of design and direction of the light flux.
Fastening the electric socket with a bushing
In table lamps and wall lamps, electrical sockets are often secured with metal or plastic tubular bushings to sheet metal parts. This method of fastening expands the capabilities of lamp designers, since it is enough to drill a hole anywhere in a part made of sheet material and secure the socket with a bushing.
More than once it was necessary to repair lamps with such fastening of the electric socket using plastic bushings due to its deformation. When heated by an incandescent light bulb, the plastic became deformed and the electric cartridge began to dangle.
Replaced the melted bushing with a metal one. I took it from a variable resistor type SP1, SP3. They have an M12×1 mounting thread. Please note that the thread may be different. The fact is that the connecting thread of E27 cartridges is not standardized, and each cartridge manufacturer made the thread at its own discretion. If you decide to use a sleeve from a resistor, then before breaking the resistor, be sure to check whether the thread fits the cartridge. The resistor is completely disassembled and the bushing is removed from the plastic base.
Mounting the electric socket in a chandelier
with screwless terminals
The fastening of an electric cartridge with screwless contact clamps is somewhat different from the traditional fastening due to the fact that the connection of the housing to the bottom is carried out using two latches, and not a thread.
First, the bottom is screwed onto the threaded tube in the chandelier, then the wires are threaded into the socket and finally the cylindrical body is snapped into the bottom. In the photo, the latches at the bottom are broken off; the chandelier was repaired due to this problem. Such a cartridge can be repaired; the repair technology is described in the article below.
Therefore, if you have to change such a socket in a chandelier, then in order not to damage the wires, first use a screwdriver to move the latch to the sides, thereby freeing the body from the bottom.
This photograph shows a socket with screwless contact clamps, installed during the repair of a chandelier to replace a socket that had failed. In this chandelier, the cartridge also performs a fastening function, fixing a decorative metal cup to which the glass shade is attached in the assembled chandelier.
Repair of electric cartridges
Electric cartridges of the E series can be successfully repaired, since it is possible to disassemble them. In the G series cartridges, the parts are connected using rivets and in case of breakage they have to be replaced with new ones.
Repair of dismountable electric socket E27
If the light bulbs in the lamp begin to burn out frequently or the light bulbs begin to change their brightness during operation, then one of the reasons, in addition to poor contact in the switch or junction box, is poor contact in the electrical socket. Sometimes, when the lamp is turned on, the cartridge begins to make a specific buzzing sound; in addition, the cartridge may smell bad of burning. It's not difficult to check. Just unscrew the light bulb and look into the socket. If the contacts are blackened, then you need to clean them. The cause of blackening may also be poor contact at the point where the cartridge is connected to the wires.
To properly repair an electric cartridge, you need to completely disassemble it, check the reliability of the wire connections and clean the brass contacts until they shine. Sometimes they need to be bent a little towards contact with the lamp base.
Sometimes when you try to unscrew a light bulb, its bulb comes unstuck from the base. In this case, you need to try to unscrew the base remaining in the cartridge by unscrewing the cylindrical body of the electric cartridge, holding it by the bottom. If you can’t unscrew the housing, you can try to grab the light bulb base by the edge with pliers and twist it that way.
Repair of a collapsible electric socket E14
We had to repair a five-arm chandelier in which only two bulbs were shining. The chandelier was old, Soviet-made, with dismountable E14 sockets with screw fastening of the wires.
The chandelier was used for many years with incandescent light bulbs and as a result high temperature and loosening of the wires, the places where they were clamped with screws became oxidized and burned.
The screws were stuck in the threads and it was impossible to unscrew them with a screwdriver. I had to use pliers and as a result, the fastening part for fixing the wire from the side contacts of the cartridge broke off in one of the cartridges. There was no similar replacement cartridge at hand and I had to figure out how to repair it.
To do this, a screw was screwed into the fastening part of the contact until it stops and a piece of copper wire, previously coated with tin-lead solder, was inserted, as shown in the photograph.
After assembly, the place where the copper wire was installed was filled with a large drop of solder using a soldering iron. After repair, the electric cartridge became even more reliable than it was before.
As a precaution, all five cartridges were checked and the contacts were cleaned with sandpaper. The wires were freed, the burnt ends were bitten off, the insulation was removed and tinned with solder. But I came across one electric cartridge in which, when unscrewing the screws, the heads broke off.
I repaired the cartridge using soldering, soldering the current-carrying conductors to the place where the screws broke. Now the quality of the connection will be maintained for many years.
After this Maintenance and repairs, the chandelier will last for many more decades, especially since LED filament bulbs are now screwed into the sockets.
with screwless terminals
When renovating an apartment, a neighbor had to remove a chandelier from the ceiling. When she unscrewed the union nuts from electric sockets with screwless contact clamps to remove the lampshades, all the cylindrical parts of the sockets became detached from the bottoms and hung on the wires. The chandelier only lasted six years with incandescent bulbs. It became apparent that the heat had caused the plastic to become brittle and the latches had broken off. I decided to repair the electric cartridges.
First, I sawed off the remains of the latches to the level of the pads in the cylindrical base of the electric cartridge. In the photo on the left there is a broken latch, and on the right it is adjusted to the required size.
The new latches were made from 0.5mm thick sheet brass. A cut strip of brass equal to the width of the broken latch was bent to the shape shown in the photograph. The latch can be made from any sheet metal, such as iron or aluminum.
The curved side of the strip was inserted into the bottom of the cartridge from the side of the rounded part. The straight section of the strip was then folded around the remaining holder of the broken latch, as shown in the photograph.
After installing the homemade latches, the bottom of the socket was screwed onto the decorative tube in the chandelier.
After connecting the electric leads to the cylindrical part of the cartridge, it was secured to the bottom using new latches. The self-made latches performed the task perfectly, firmly holding the cylindrical part of the cartridge. Now the latch will never break off.
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