=Frontline love=

"...Of course, there, at the front, love was different. Everyone knew that you could love now, but in a minute this person might not be there. After all, probably when we peaceful conditions We love you, we don’t look at it from that position. Our love did not have today, tomorrow... If we loved, then we loved. In any case, there could be no insincerity there, because very often our love ended with a plywood star on the grave..."...

“Are you asking about love? I’m not afraid to tell the truth... I was a “pepage”, what stands for - a field wife. A wife at war. The second. Illegitimate.

The first battalion commander...

I didn't love him. He was a good man, but I didn't love him. And I went to his dugout a few months later. Where to go? There are only men around, it’s better to live with one than to be afraid of everyone. During the battle it was not as scary as after the battle, especially when we were resting and re-forming. As they shoot, fire, they call: “Sister! Sister!”, and after the battle everyone guards you...

You can’t get out of the dugout at night... Did the other girls tell you this or didn’t they admit it? They were ashamed, I think... They remained silent. Proud! And it was all there... Because I didn’t want to die... It was a shame to die when you were young... Well, it’s hard for men to live without women for four years...

There were no brothels in our army, and no pills were given. Somewhere, maybe they were watching this. We do not have. Four years... Commanders could only afford something, but ordinary soldiers could not. Discipline. But they are silent about this... It is not accepted... No... For example, I was the only woman in the battalion who lived in a common dugout. Together with men.

They gave me a place, but what a separate place it is, the whole dugout is six meters. I woke up at night because I was waving my hands - I would hit one on the cheeks, on the hands, then on the other. I was wounded, ended up in the hospital and waved my hands there. The nanny will wake you up at night: “What are you doing?” Who will you tell?
The first commander was killed by a mine fragment.

Second battalion commander...

I loved him. I went into battle with him, I wanted to be close. I loved him, and he had a beloved wife and two children. He showed me their photographs. And I knew that after the war, if he remained alive, he would return to them. To Kaluga. So what? We had such happy moments! We experienced such happiness! Here we are back... A terrible battle... And we are alive... This won’t happen to anyone again! Will not work! I knew... I knew that he wouldn’t be happy without me. He won’t be able to be happy with anyone the way we were happy with him during the war. Can't... Never!..

At the end of the war I became pregnant. I wanted it so much... But I raised our daughter myself, he didn’t help me. Didn't hit a finger. Not a single gift or letter. Postcards. The war is over and love is over. Like a song... He went to his legal wife and children. He left me his photograph as a souvenir. But I didn’t want the war to end...

It's scary to say this... Open your heart... I'm crazy. I loved! I knew that love would end along with the war. His love... But still I am grateful to him for the feelings that he gave me, and I got to know him. I loved him all my life, I carried my feelings through the years. I don't need to lie anymore. I'm already old. Yes, throughout my life! And I don't regret it.

My daughter reproached me: “Mom, why do you love him?” And I love... I recently found out that he died. I cried a lot... And I even quarreled with my daughter because of this: “Why are you crying? He died for you a long time ago.” And I still love him. I remember the war, how best time my life, I was happy there...
Just, please, no last name. For the sake of my daughter..."

Sofia K-vich, medical instructor

“We were alive, and love was alive.... Previously, it was a big shame - they said about us: PPZh, field, active wife. They said that we were always abandoned. Nobody abandoned anyone! Sometimes, of course, something is wrong It happened, and it still happens, now even more often. But mostly the cohabitants either died or lived out the rest of their days with their legal husbands.

My marriage was illegal for six months, but we lived with him for 60 years. His name was Ilya Golovinsky, Kuban Cossack. I came to his dugout in February 1944.
-How did you go? - asks.
-Usually.
In the morning he says:
-Come on, I'll take you with you.
-No need.
-No, I'll take you with you.
We went out, and all around it was written: “Mines, mines, mines.” It turns out that I walked towards him through a minefield. And it passed."

Anna Michelet, medical instructor

“We arrived at the First Belorussian Front... Twenty-seven girls. The men looked at us with admiration: “Not laundresses, not telephone operators, but sniper girls. This is the first time we see such girls. What girls!" The sergeant major wrote poems in our honor. The idea is for the girls to be touching, like May roses, so that the war does not cripple their souls.

Leaving for the front, each of us took an oath: there would be no romances there. Everything will be fine, if we survive, after the war. And before the war we didn’t even have time to kiss. We looked at these things more strictly than today's young people. For us to kiss was to fall in love for life. At the front, love was, as it were, forbidden; if the command found out, as a rule, one of the lovers was transferred to another unit, simply separated. We took care of it and kept it. We did not keep our childhood vows... We loved...

I think that if I had not fallen in love during the war, I would not have survived. Love saved. She saved me..."

Sofia Krigel, senior sergeant, sniper

"But there was love?
- Yes, there was love. I've met her with others. But excuse me, maybe I’m wrong, and it’s not entirely natural, but in my heart I condemned these people. I believed that this was not the time to deal with personal issues. There is evil, death, fire all around. We saw this every day, every hour. It was impossible to forget about it. Well, it’s impossible, that’s all. It seems to me that I was not the only one who thought so."

Evgenia Klenovskaya, partisan

I forgot a lot, I forgot almost everything. And I thought that I wouldn’t forget. I will never forget.
We were already walking through East Prussia, everyone was already talking about Victory. He died... Died instantly... From a shrapnel... Instant death. Second. They told me that they had been brought, I ran... I hugged him, I didn’t let him be taken away. Bury.

During the war, people were buried quickly: they died during the day; if the battle was quick, they immediately gathered everyone, brought them from everywhere and dug a big hole. They fall asleep. Another time with just dry sand. And if you look at this sand for a long time, it seems that it is moving. Trembling. This sand is swaying. Because there... And I didn’t let him be buried right there. I wanted us to have one more night. Sit next to him. Look... Iron...

In the morning... I decided that I would take him home. To Belarus. And this is several thousand kilometers. Military roads... Confusion... Everyone thought I had gone crazy from grief. "You need to calm down. You need to sleep." No! No! I went from one general to another, and so I reached the front commander Rokossovsky. At first he refused... Well, she’s kind of crazy! How many have already been buried in mass graves, lying in foreign soil...

I once again managed to see him:
- Do you want me to kneel in front of you?
-I understand you... But he’s already dead...
- I don’t have children from him. Our house burned down. Even the photographs were gone. There is nothing. If I bring him home, at least there will be a grave left. And I will have somewhere to return after the war.

Silent. Walks around the office. Walking.
- Have you ever been in love, Comrade Marshal? I'm not burying my husband, I'm burying love.
Silent.
“Then I want to die here too.” Why should I live without him?
He was silent for a long time. Then he came up and kissed my hand.
They gave me a special plane for one night. I entered the plane... I hugged the coffin... And I lost consciousness..."

Efrosinya Breus, captain, doctor

“The commander of a reconnaissance company fell in love with me. He sent notes through his soldiers. I came to him once on a date. “No,” I say. “I love a man who has been dead for a long time.” He moved so close to me, looked straight into my eyes, turned around and walked away. They shot, but he walked and didn’t even duck down...


Then, this already happened in Ukraine, we liberated a large village. I think: “Let me go for a walk and have a look.” The weather was bright, the huts were white. And behind the village there are graves, fresh earth... Those who died in battle for this village were buried there. I don’t know myself, but how I was drawn. And there is a photograph on a plaque and a name. At every grave... And suddenly I see a familiar face... The commander of a reconnaissance company, who confessed his love to me. And his last name... And I felt so uneasy. Fear is so strong... As if he sees me, as if he is alive...

So I felt... As if I was to blame for him... “

Olga Omelchenko, medical instructor rifle company

“Only recently did I find out the details of the death of Toni Bobkova. She shielded her loved one from a mine fragment. The fragments fly - it’s just a split second... How did she manage? She saved Lieutenant Petya Boychevsky, she loved him. And he lived.

Thirty years later, Petya Boychevsky came from Krasnodar and found me at our front-line meeting, and told me all this. We went with him to Borisov and found the clearing where Tonya died. He took the earth from her grave... He carried it and kissed it...".

Nina Vishnevskaya, sergeant major, medical instructor of a tank battalion

“The chief of staff was Senior Lieutenant Boris Shesteryonkin. He is only two years older than me.
And so he began, as they say, to make claims against me, to pester me endlessly... And I say that I didn’t go to the front to get married or to pursue some kind of love, I came to fight!

When Gorovtsev was my commander, he kept telling him: “Leave the foreman! Don’t touch her!” and under the new commander, the chief of staff completely dissolved and began pestering me endlessly. I sent him a bad word. And he told me: “Five days.” I turned around and said: “Yes, five days!” That’s all.

The company commander went to the chief of staff, took his directions, an extract, and took me to the guardhouse. The guardhouse was in the dugout. They brought me there, and there were 18 girls sitting there! There are two rooms in the dugout, but there are only windows at the top.

In the evening the clerk brings me a pillow and blanket. She thrusts them at me in the evening and says: “Shesteryonkin sent them,” and I say: “Take the pillow and blanket back to him and tell him to put it under his ass.” I was stubborn back then! "

Nina Afanasyeva, foreman of the women's reserve rifle regiment

“We have a battalion commander and nurse Lyuba Silina... They loved each other! Everyone saw this... He went into battle, and she... She said that she would not forgive herself if he did not die before her eyes, and she won't see him in last minute. “Let them,” she wanted, “let them kill us together. They’ll cover us with one shell.” They were going to die together or live together.

I became a better person during the war... Without a doubt! I became a better person there because there was a lot of suffering there. I have seen a lot of suffering and suffered a lot myself. And there the unimportant things in life are immediately swept aside, they are superfluous. There you understand it... But the war took revenge on us. But... We are afraid to admit this to ourselves... She caught up with us...

Not all of our daughters have personal destinies. And here’s why: their mothers, front-line soldiers, raised them the same way they themselves were raised at the front. And dads too. According to that morality. And at the front, a person, as I already told you, was immediately visible: what he was like, what he was worth. You can't hide there.

Their girls had no idea that life could be different than in their home. They were not warned about the cruel underbelly of the world. These girls, when they got married, easily fell into the hands of crooks, who deceived them, because it cost nothing to deceive them..."

Saul Podvyshensky, Marine Sergeant

Field wives

They loved their homeland

General and PPZh,

They covered with their body

From the fascists in the dugout.

I wasn't afraid during the war

I'm a brave girl.

Throughout the war under the general -

My cause is just.

Wartime ditties

“As a rule, women who went to the front soon became the mistresses of officers,” recalled war veteran I.S. Posylaev. - How could it be otherwise: if a woman is on her own, there will be no end to harassment. It’s a different matter if in front of someone. Almost all officers except the platoon vanka had field wives. He is always with the soldiers, he has no time to make love.”

In the spring of 1942, political instructor artillery battery on the Leningrad Front, Vera Lebedeva explained to military journalist Pavel Luknitsky:

Unfortunately, in the army I did not meet a single exemplary friendship between a woman and a man, such that you could point your finger and say: they love you! The girls laugh: “War will write off everything!”, but they laugh artificially, they worry themselves. And when you tell her what she did, she cries.

There are still, of course, people who can be good friends. But it was enough for one person to appear in our military unit who had led the wrong way of life, and the commanders began to treat everyone differently than before.

I often want to talk, laugh, chat. At the beginning of the war I did this, now I don’t do it, because they will say: “Everything is twisting and turning its tail!”

The attitude of commanders towards girls arriving at the front was also sometimes based on objective reality. Yulia Zhukova recalls that when they (graduates of the Central Women's Sniper School in Podolsk. - Author) were brought to the reserve regiment of the 31st Army on the border with East Prussia“We were met by a major, well-fed, rosy-cheeked, dressed in a snow-white sheepskin coat with a raised collar. He walked in front of the line, looking at us critically. “Well,” he asks, “why did you come, to fight or?” The incorrigible foul-mouthed Sasha Khaidukova completed the question for him: “Fuck?” This is the reception we received. Everyone felt offended.”

Nikolai Alexandrov, tank commander:

“Once a trainload of women came to us to replenish us. The corps commander looked: “Send them back, what, should I open maternity hospitals in nine months?!” I didn’t accept it.”

The mechanized corps commander's reasoning about nine months was not at all abstract, especially in relation to girls who were directly among the soldiers. There was indeed more than enough harassment towards them.

A colorful illustration of this can be seen in an excerpt from the memoirs of medical instructor Sofia K-vich, who later became an officer’s field wife and therefore, when talking about her war, asked the writer Svetlana Alexievich not to mention her last name for the sake of her daughter:

“First battalion commander. I didn't love him. He was a good man, but I didn't love him. And I went to his dugout a few months later. Where to go? There are only men around, it’s better to live with one than to be afraid of everyone. It wasn’t as scary during the battle as after the battle, especially when we had rest and went away to reorganize. As they shoot, fire, they call: “Sister! Sister!”, and after the fight everyone will guard you. You can't get out of the dugout at night.

Did other girls tell you this or didn’t they admit it? They were ashamed, I think. They remained silent. Proud! And that was it. Because I didn't want to die. It was a shame to die when you were young. And it’s hard for men to go four years without women. There were no brothels in our army, and no pills were given. Somewhere, maybe they were watching this. We do not have. Four years. Commanders could only afford something, but ordinary soldiers could not. Discipline. But they are silent about this. Not accepted.

For example, I was the only woman in the battalion who lived in a common dugout. Together with men. They gave me a place, but what a separate place it is, the whole dugout is six meters. I woke up at night because I was waving my arms, then I would hit one on the cheeks, on the hands, then on the other. I was wounded, ended up in the hospital and waved my hands there. The nanny will wake you up at night: “What are you doing?” Who will you tell?"

It’s another matter if a woman was an officer, served at headquarters, commanded any unit (and this, although rarely, happened. - Author), performed the functions of a political worker, like Vera Lebedeva, or a military doctor, like Barnaul resident Angelina Ostrovskaya, who wrote in March 1943 home from the front: “I now live in a tent, the so-called officer’s tent, it is for four people. Two more doctors and a senior military paramedic, all men, live there. This is not particularly inconvenient, since we sleep without undressing. In general, I don’t like the simplicity of morals here - too many people adhere to the motto “war will write off everything.” Of course, conditions play a big role here. When a person’s life is not valued at all, the question of other, comparatively less significant circumstances of life inevitably disappears. In a word, they live while they live. I personally cannot share this point of view. I don’t think time and circumstances will make me think otherwise.”

In general, private women had to suffer during the war from an excess of male attention, and ordinary male soldiers had to suffer from an acute shortage of female attention. Which, of course, was a shame.

“The bosses always lived a little better. Almost everyone had a field wife, recalled Hero, a native of Kamen-on-Ob Soviet Union Mikhail Borisov. “Our division commander didn’t have one, but all the battalion commanders did.” Each medical instructor served faithfully. When we arrived at the course, we went to the front headquarters with my friend from tank brigade, an artilleryman like me, but a gun commander. Braggart. He says: “I destroyed more tanks than you.” - “It was not you who destroyed, but the gunner who destroyed.” - “I commanded!” - “Exactly what you commanded.” Well, God bless him.

We met the girls from the communications center there. They told us where they lived, and we “locked ourselves in” to visit them at about five in the afternoon. They were all well dressed and well-groomed. The stockings are not simple, but fildepers. After 15 minutes they tell us: “Guys, leave.” - "Why? We have time, you’re not on shift either.” - “Don’t you understand, or what?!” We're all scheduled. Now the working day is over, they will come for us.”

It is not surprising that among the soldiers there was a contemptuous attitude towards the “painted” girls and women, and in the attitude towards those PPJ who actively used their position, hatred was mixed with contempt. That's when these songs were born:

Now everyone is kind to you,

You have success everywhere

But I have a soldier's soul

I despise you, PPZh.

She doesn't live like a soldier in a dugout

Cheese, where the smokehouse flickers.

They've already found an apartment for her in the village,

She drives around in an Emka.

An elderly soldier who has been in battle,

Having a medal “For Courage”,

I am obliged to walk as lackeys at Paradise,

Not daring to say anything to her...

The system of field wives was widely developed not only in regular units of the Red Army, but also in partisan detachments and formations, where life was harsh and full of danger, but still much more free. Wartime documents like these can serve as further proof of this.

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There were many women in the troops at the front. There were a lot of them in medical institutions, in the signal troops, a certain number in road units and rear services. Along with men, they endured all the hardships of military campaign life, but it was more difficult for them, primarily because of their physiological characteristics; It was not always possible for them to even retire in order to perform their natural functions, and they involuntarily had to sacrifice their natural modesty.
A woman at war is big topic, not adequately covered in our literature. Most women performed their official duties honestly; but besides these duties, men, especially bosses, demanded from them intimate relationships, and it was difficult to refuse this, since not only the position, but also life itself depended on the boss. Already in the first weeks of the war, many commanders at the front acquired mistresses, who were called PPZh (field mobile wives). I was amazed when in the summer of 1941, having reported to the division commander Shvetsov, whom I respected, I saw in his dugout completely a young girl who lived with him. Commissar Shabalov, Chief of Staff Frolov, regiment commanders and other commanders had similar girls. They said that girls in the front-line areas were mobilized for these purposes. The main supplier of PPZH to our division was the doctor Mordovin, and he himself lived with the paramedic of the engineer battalion, somewhat separated from our friendly team. The women themselves, for the most part, looked at it simply: today I live, tomorrow they will kill me, and if I get pregnant or become infected, they will send me to the rear.
There were also pleasant exceptions. So in the divisional field bakery, young Natasha served as a medical instructor, beautiful girl from intelligent family. Despite the men's harassment, she remained adamant. She enjoyed great respect and love in the division.
As a result of front-line connections, many families broke up; after the war, many bosses brought young wives with them, and the old ones were given their resignations.

In the spring of 1942, instead of Shvetsov, who was appointed corps commander, our division was commanded by Zavadovsky, a rude, unrestrained man who allowed assault on his subordinates. Previously, he commanded a cavalry division. He treated rear workers with great prejudice, and we very much regretted Shvetsov’s departure.
In June, at the end of the one-year candidate period, I was accepted as a member of the CPSU (b). At the end of June 1942, an order was received for my appointment as an epizootologist in the Veterinary Department of the 49th Army. I was sorry to part with my friends at the front, with my familiar surroundings and to leave the division in which I had served for more than three years, and, although this was a promotion, on July 1, without much desire, I left for my place of new service.
The army logistics department was located twenty-five kilometers east of Yukhnov. Here in the forest, in a large dugout, the Veterinary Department of the Army was located, along with other rear services, headed by military veterinarian 1st rank Borovkov. The very next day I left for the divisions and units that are part of the 49th Army.
My wandering life began. Where on a passing car, where on horseback, where on foot from division to division, from regiment to regiment, from veterinary hospital to veterinary hospital, I traveled around this meager, war-torn Kaluga land. The 49th Army, which included four divisions (18th Guards, 42nd, 194th and 217th Rifle Divisions), occupied a forty-kilometer-wide defense along the front line. In addition to combat units, the army had many units and communications, sapper and logistics units, where there were horses and veterinary personnel. The army and evacuation veterinary hospitals were directly subordinate to the Veterinary Department. All these units and institutions were located in the rear area of ​​the army, forty kilometers deep, and all my work consisted of endless wanderings, examining horses and providing assistance to the workers of the veterinary service subordinate to me.
In our sector of the Western Front that summer there were local battles, and it was relatively calm. Mine main blow the Germans struck in the south. Having broken through the front and defeated our troops, they occupied all of Ukraine, Kuban, North Caucasus and went to the passes of the Bolshoi Caucasian ridge and to the Volga in the Stalingrad area.
With the onset of autumn cold weather, the Army Logistics Directorate moved to the nearby village of Boytsovo, where the veterinary department occupied a small, rather squalid house. By this time I had become quite accustomed to the situation in the army rear. The veterinary department team was small and friendly. The head of the department, Borovkov, was an old campaigner, somewhat fussy, with a slight stutter, and was a handsome and cultured person. I knew the therapist Shchelev from the Dretunsky camp, where he was a divisional veterinarian 5th rifle division in Polotsk. He was a modest, silent, good-natured man, and I developed friendly relations with him. Senior Assistant Chief Mushnikov - a Russified Georgian, a merry fellow, an anecdote teller - was the soul of our team; he could find an approach to everyone and knew how to get along well in life. The assistant to the head of the supply department was Shamin - a young, cheerful, sociable guy. The position of clerk was performed by a veterinary assistant, whose last name, unfortunately, I do not remember. In addition, there was a driver truck and soldiers for service.

The October holidays passed, of course, not without drinking, since the veterinary department could always get alcohol from veterinary supplies. Soon after the holiday, unexpected happiness befell me. Borovkov gave me leave for fifteen days; he had the right to do this, and we had our own stamp and travel documents. And so in mid-November I left for Novosibirsk.
I hitched a ride to Moscow with some political workers. Somewhere on the outskirts of the city I found Shchelev’s family, to whom I gave him a letter and a small parcel. Stayed overnight with them. What a joy it is to lie down in a clean bed, on a down pillow, and cover yourself with a warm blanket! In the morning, through the military commandant at the Yaroslavl station, I got a train ticket for the soft carriage assigned to me. The train to Novosibirsk took four days. I ate at large stations using coupons issued instead of rations. They fed meagerly some kind of gruel and lean porridge. The closer I got to Novosibirsk, the more impatience I became. It seemed that the train is coming too slow. My soul was yearning to go there, forward, to my beloved wife and son, whom I had not seen for a year and a half. And then this joyful day came, November 20, 1942.
A familiar city, a deep ravine in front of a military camp, a dim staircase leading to the third floor. How your heart beats, as if it wants to jump out of your chest. Hello, dear, beloved! Hello, my dear son! So I came from the war alive, unharmed, I came to see you, I brought an inescapable, unspent reserve of my love. Didn’t I deserve the joy of this meeting through the bitterness of a long separation, severe hardships, and dangerous wanderings along the roads of war?
They say that a barrel of honey can be spoiled by a fly in the ointment. And in this great happiness of my date there was a drop of bitterness. On one of these happy evenings, General Dobrovolsky, the head of the Novosibirsk Infantry School, where Olga worked, came to us, brought a bottle of alcohol, we drank and had a snack. He very soon became intoxicated, began to talk nonsense, and hinted at intimate intimacy with my wife. I said: “Comrade General, you are drunk. Please leave,” and put the unfinished bottle in the pocket of his overcoat. I regret that I didn’t push him drunk then and let him down the stairs. He not only insulted me, he insulted and humiliated my wife.
Blinded by love, I did not fully understand my offense then. I am slow-witted, I live in hindsight, and then I did not realize all this vulgar dirt that has stained our life. The next day, Zhenya, angry with his mother for something, said to her in his hearts:
- You should only kiss Dobrovolsky!
He was then thirteen years old, and for his inexperienced nature this was perhaps a deeper wound than for me. Was it not then that a crack of misunderstanding and alienation arose in the relationship between mother and son, which was reflected later? Of course, in those harsh days war, when there was a lot of hunger in the rear, in the struggle for her and her son’s life, for a cup of soup, for the right to take a sample in the cadet canteen, my wife could cheat on me. I could forgive her for this; but I cannot forgive the rudeness of this stupid general and his visit to me with a bottle of alcohol.
It’s strange that then I forgave her everything, but now it’s impossible for me to do it. About a quarter of a century has passed since that time, I remember this, and it hurts me.
These five flew by quickly happy days, and now we have to get ready to go to the front again. On the evening of November 25, Olya took me to the station. languid, long road with a half-empty stomach, cold and deserted Moscow, Kyiv station, Myatlevo - our supply station, and there it’s just a stone’s throw from our village. Nothing happened here during my absence. And again the front-line suffering began - wandering along snow-covered roads, spending the night in dugouts of the front line under the roar of artillery cannonade.

The crew of the boat minesweeper of the Volga Flotilla (from left to right): Red Navy men A. Shchebalina, V. Chapova, foreman 2nd class T. Kupriyanova, Red Navy men V. Ukhova, A. Tarasova. 1943 Photo courtesy of the author

On the role of women in the Great Patriotic War We published most often laudatory, and since 1990, denigrating materials. In any case, I personally have not come across a single competent and objective study. Although for the most part our women soldiers honestly fulfilled their military duty. But men from great commanders to journalists and party functionaries intensively compromised them. But it is very easy to discredit even the best soldier or commander by attributing undeserved successes.

A WOMAN ON A SHIP IS NOT ALWAYS UNHAPPY

From an early age I have been offended when, in anniversary photographs of Black Sea sailors, the first row is occupied by respectable ladies. Alas, there have never been women on the crews of ships of the Black Sea Fleet. But in the Caspian and Volga everything was different. In 1941, 67 women were accepted into the Kaspflot teams, in 1942 - 44, and in 1943 - 129. These were mainly the wives of sailors and people from families of sailors. Difficulties for them sea ​​life were not news, and they boldly went to work as sailors, stokers and machinists. In Kaspflot during the war, Slovokhotova and Rapoport rose to the post of assistant captain, Savitskaya, Koloday, Izmailova and Kozlova became Komsomol navigators.

Most women served in the Reidtanker. During 1942–1943, the shipping company accepted 260 women into its ships as rank and file and 85 women into command positions.

But hundreds of photos of rear Black Sea ladies were published, but I didn’t see sailors from the Caspian Sea. In the Volga military flotilla there were minesweeper boats, the crews of which consisted only of women. Many hundreds of women served on transport ships of the river flotillas of the North from Pechora to Kolyma and Indigirka. But for some reason almost no one writes about them.

According to the order of the People's Commissariat of Defense No. 0099 of October 8, 1941, three women's air regiments were formed: the 586th fighter on the Yak-1, the 587th bomber on the Pe-2 (since 1943 - the 125th Guards) and the 588th night light bomber on the U-2 (on February 8, 1943, transformed into the 46th Guards Taman Regiment).

Needless to say, poorly fighting units never became guards units.

Nevertheless, in 2005, a book appeared in which a certain “sweet couple” claimed that orders in the 46th Guards Regiment were “given through bed.”

The best answer can be the number of combat missions carried out by female pilots of the 46th Regiment who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: Senior Lieutenant R.E. Aronova – 960; senior lieutenant E.A. Zhigulenko – 968; senior lieutenant N.F. Meklina – 980; senior lieutenant E.V. Ryabova – 890; senior lieutenant N.F. Sebrova - 1004 flights. For comparison: three times the heroes Kozhedub and Pokryshkin made 330 and 650 sorties, respectively. Of course, fighter pilots have their own specifics. But, in my opinion, female pilots who have completed 800–1000 combat missions deserve even greater awards.

But about whom were numerous obscene ditties sung in the rear and at the front? The answer is simple - about the so-called PPZH, that is, field wives.

LOST TEAM FACE

PPZh in 1941–1945 became the norm in the Red Army. I foresee the indignation of the “leavened patriots” - this is, they say, slander! Well, let’s remember September 1941. The enemy is rushing towards Moscow and Leningrad, and the commander of the Leningrad Front, Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, is very concerned about the spread of PPV.

"Top secret.

Order to the troops of the Leningrad Front No. 0055

At headquarters and on command posts commanders of divisions and regiments there are many women under the guise of serving, seconded, etc. A number of commanders, having lost the face of the communists, simply cohabitate...

I order:

It is under the responsibility of the Military Councils of the armies, commanders and commissars of individual units to remove all women from headquarters and command posts by 09/23/41. A limited number of typists will be left only in agreement with the Special Department.”

It is curious that Comrade Zhukov himself in the fall of 1941 had a PPZh - Lydia Vladimirovna Zakharova ( military rank– senior lieutenant, position – Zhukov’s personal nurse). Throughout the war she relentlessly followed him. Zhukov awarded her the rank of senior lieutenant, although the nurse was not entitled to an officer rank. She was awarded 10 military orders, including the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star.

However, Zhukov’s actions did not fall under his orders. It was precisely stated there who was entitled to have PPV and who was not. The order spoke about the command posts of division commanders and below. Consequently, commanders of corps, armies and fronts were not prohibited by order from having PPZh.

But did PPZh appear in the Red Army in 1941? The answer is no.

HISTORICAL HERITAGE

Almost all famous commanders of the Middle Ages and Modern times had one or more PPZh. The same Peter the Great had several dozen of them.

The most famous PPZh early XIX century became Maria Valevskaya, the wife of the 70-year-old chamberlain Anestasiy Valevsky.

Most historians are sure that on January 17, 1807, Polish magnates literally slipped 21-year-old Maria to Emperor Napoleon. The affair, with long interruptions, lasted until June 28, 1815.

Napoleon did not hide his PPV, and in the army she was openly called the “Polish wife of the emperor.” Nevertheless, the lords' hopes were not justified; Marysya had no influence on Napoleon's politics or military plans.

Well, while Napoleon was amusing himself with the chamberlain Marysia, his future enemy Kutuzov was amusing himself in Bucharest with the 14-year-old noblewoman Alexandra (Luxandra) Guliano. Of course, Mikhailo Illarionovich did not know that in 2003 the wise Duma members would increase the “age of consent” from 14 to 16 years. I note that the father of the beautiful Alexandra, the Wallachian boyar Konstantin Filipesko, was clearly no slouch. Since 1806, there was a war between Russia and Turkey, and the boyar slipped his 11-year-old daughter to the corps commander, General Mikhail Miloradovich. The brave little Russian became interested in Alexandra and even promised to marry.

On this occasion, General Bagration on December 29, 1809 dashed off a slander to the Minister of War Arakcheev: “... He shouted and wrote - I will give an example to everyone to serve and obey, etc., in fact it turned out that he did not want to part with Mamzel Filipesko, in whom he ears in love. His love is God bless him, let him have fun, but her father is our first enemy, and he plays the first role in all of Wallachia... Our friend is madly in love, and there is no way to get along with him.”

Apparently the letter had an effect required action, and in April 1810 Miloradovich was thrown out of active army and was sent to serve as governor in Kyiv. Well, 13-year-old Luxandra was urgently married to the boyar Nicolae Guliano.

On April 1, 1811, Kutuzov arrived in Bucharest and took command of the Danube Army. The gentlemen boyars took advantage of the opportunity and introduced Mikhail Illarionovich to Luxandra. Nicolae Guliano, of course, did not object.

As an eyewitness, a Frenchman in the Russian service Langeron, wrote: “Kutuzov really liked her, and he, knowing Wallachian customs well, ordered her husband to bring her to him, which he did. The next day, Kutuzov introduced his beloved to us and introduced her to society.”

Luxandra started something like a sovereign court under the commander-in-chief, organized balls and parties. And her husband began supplying the Russian army with fodder. Well, the Russian troops, thanks to the competent command of Kutuzov, crushed the Turks, as they say, “on foreign territory and with little loss of life.” On October 25, 1811, 12 thousand Turks, dying of hunger, surrendered on the banks of the Danube near Ruschuk; 2 thousand human and 8 thousand horse corpses were found in the Turkish camp.

Napoleon's diplomats tried their best to force the Sultan to continue the war. But hunger and, let’s not lie, huge bribes given by Kutuzov Turkish pashas, played their role. On May 16, 1812, Türkiye ratified the Treaty of Bucharest. According to this agreement, Russia included the area between the Prut and Dniester rivers, that is, Bessarabia with the fortresses of Khotin, Bendery, Akkerman, Kilia and Izmail.

Thus, Kutuzov inflicted the first defeat on Napoleon five weeks before crossing the Berezina Great Army, lying on the couch with 14-year-old Luxandra.

CIVIL HEROINES

Larisa Reisner. Photo from 1920

All heroes had PPZh Civil War, including Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Vasily Chapaev, etc. The three most famous to us are the three PPJs, which have been included in dozens of books, films and performances.

So, in the TV series “His Excellency’s Adjutant”, released in 1969, a friend Soviet intelligence officer Koltsova (played by Yuri Solomin) was brought out by Tanya Shchukina (Tatyana Ivanitskaya). Moreover, their relationship was purely platonic.

In fact, the commander of the Volunteer Army, Lieutenant General Mai-Maevsky, and his gallant adjutant Pavel Makarov had the Zhmudsky sisters from the family of a wealthy Kharkov businessman as their PPZ. After spending time with the sisters, the drunken general and adjutant often drove to the front line in a car and roused the soldiers into a psychic attack. Always successful and always without a single scratch.

Later, the Zhmudsky sisters left for Belgium, and from there to the USA. Wrangel expelled Mai-Maevsky from the army, and sent Makarov to jail. The brave adjutant fled. Until mid-November 1920, he was a partisan in the army of A. Mokrousov in the Crimean Mountains. Well, 20 years later he was doing the same thing under the command of the same Mokrousov, but not against Baron Wrangel, but against Colonel General Manstein.

In the 1930s–1960s, two dozen films and performances were released in the USSR, where the main character there was a female commissar in a leather jacket and with a Mauser. Alas, her prototype Larisa Reisner preferred the most expensive fur coats, dresses and diamond jewelry, and an elegant Browning to a Mauser.

In 1916, 21-year-old Larisa began a whirlwind romance with the poet Gumilev. Well, in August 1918 in Sviyazhsk she became the mistress of Trotsky himself. Lev Davydovich publicly called her “the Valkyrie of the revolution with the appearance of an ancient goddess.” Larisa and Lev corresponded at least until 1922.

Leaving Sviyazhsk, Trotsky handed Larisa over to Fyodor Raskolnikov, whom he made commander of the Volga Flotilla. Larisa went to serve in the political department of the flotilla and occupied the cabin of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on the royal river yacht “Mezhen”.

On the Mezheni, Reisner escorted the flotilla to Astrakhan, and then Reisner, according to the plan, was supposed to go along the Caspian Sea to Petrovsk on the Kursk transport, together with the political council of the Volga-Caspian Flotilla subordinate to her. But Lyalya loved the exotic and decided to go on the destroyer “Deyatelny”. The commander of the destroyer Isakov was summoned to the Reisner mansion, to whom Lyalya capriciously declared: “That’s it, captain! I decided to go to Petrovsk with you on the destroyer!”

However, the midshipman resolutely refused for a very good reason: “There is one point in the latrine of the officer’s compartment.” So Lyala had to go to Petrovsk on the Kursk.

In June 1920, Trotsky appointed Raskolnikov commander of the Baltic Fleet. From Astrakhan to Petrograd it takes two days by train. But Fedya and Lyalya traveled for a whole month to Yaroslavl on the yacht “Mezhen”.

In Kronstadt, Lyalya took several positions in the political department of the Baltic Fleet. Reisner's toilets were not just beautiful, but defiantly luxurious. When famine reigned in Petrograd in 1919, one of Larisa’s acquaintances met her “twenty-two years old, perfumed and dressed up, coquettishly calling herself “komorsi” - the commander naval forces. The fur coat is blue, the dress is lilac, the kid glove smells of Guerlain’s “Folle Aroma.”

At the New Year's ball at the House of Arts in 1921, Reisner appeared in a super original ball gown. It turned out that the outfit was made according to the drawings of Leon Bakst for the ballet “Carnival” to the music of Schumann. On the instructions of Larisa Mikhailovna, the dress was confiscated from the costume departments of the Mariinsky Theater.

The poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky recalled that when he came to Larisa Reisner in the apartment of the former naval minister Grigorovich, which she occupied, he was amazed by the abundance of objects and utensils - carpets, paintings, exotic fabrics, bronze Buddhas, majolica dishes, English books, bottles with French perfume.

The political department of the Baltic Fleet ordered the creation of a theater named after Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov abandoned all official affairs and began promoting Trotsky’s ideas in the navy, and in every possible way discredited the party leaders who were opponents of Lev Davydovich. Larisa and her father, Professor Mikhail Reisner, actively helped him in this.

As a result, the Revolutionary Military Council had to remove Fedya and Lyalya from Kronstadt. And on time. A few days later, the Kronstadt rebellion began, to the emergence of which Raskolnikov and Reisner made a significant contribution.

Well, the third PPJ who entered literature and cinema was Nina Nechvolodova. At the end of 1919, the 20-year-old “junker Nechvolodov” became an orderly of the white general Yakov Slashchev. In March 1920, the Reds tried to break into Crimea through Perekop. On March 22, Lieutenant General Slashchev led 300 cadets of the Konstantinovsky School on the Chongarsky Bridge in a psychic attack. Next to the general was “cadet Nechvolodov.” The cadets went on the attack in tight formation, in step with the orchestra. Nechvolodov was wounded, but did not leave the line. The Reds fled.

Jealous of Slashchev's successes, Wrangel kicked him out of the army. At the end of November 1921, Slashchev and Nina returned to the USSR. The general was appointed to command the Shot course, and Nina led the theater created during the course. Through the theater, Nechvolodova met Mikhail Bulgakov and his wife.

In 1925, the Red Cinema association made the film Wrangel. In it, Slashchev was a consultant, and together with Nina they played themselves in the film. On January 11, 1929, Slashchev was killed in his apartment by the Trotskyist Lazar Kollenberg.

How it turned out further fate Nina, unknown. In any case, I found out that in 1937 it was released Feature Film“Youth”, which tells about the events of 1920 in Crimea. The author of the film's script was Nina Nechvolodova.

Well, in 1970 the film “Running” was released, based on the work of Mikhail Bulgakov. Bulgakov was unable to embody the features of Slashchev in one image and presented him in two generals - a graduate of the General Staff Academy Khludov and the desperate grunt and drunkard General Chernota. Well, Nina Nechvolodova became the prototype of Lyuska, camping wife General Blackness.

NO PUNISHMENT FOLLOWED

Since June 1941, PPZH have become the norm for the majority of Red Army command personnel. After the war, approximately half of the generals and marshals returned from the PPZH to their legal spouses, such as Marshal Malinovsky from Raisa Galperina, Marshal Rokossovsky from Galina Talanova, Marshal Zhukov from Lydia Zakharova, etc. Well, the other half of the commanders entered into a legal marriage with the PPZh. Thus, Marshal Katukov married Ekaterina Lebedeva, General Batov married Nina, whom he called Vasilko (for unknown reasons, her maiden name does not appear in numerous materials dedicated to her and the general).

However, even the abandoned PPZh did not remain unprofitable. Many illegitimate children received the surnames of famous commanders. The chest of all PPZh, without exception, was decorated with an iconostasis of orders and medals. For some reason, father commanders most often gave their mistresses the Order of the Red Star. Maybe because the name of the order rhymed well with another word in ditties?

Any secretary of the provincial regional party committee, after a call from Moscow from the marshal or even his adjutant, was in a hurry to allocate an apartment to the former PPZh. All illegitimate children of generals and marshals made brilliant careers.

None of the top military commanders were punished for their connection with one or even several PPZh. Let us recall once again Zhukov’s order, in which punishment was to be carried out up to and including the division commander. The story of complaints against Marshal Rokossovsky, who abused his connections with ladies, is widely known, not only with the “sparrow” Galina Talanova, but also with many others, including the artist Valentina Serova. When asked what to do with the marshal, Stalin replied: “We will envy Comrade Rokossovsky.”

As far as I know, of all the PPZh, only two mistresses of Lieutenant General Andrei Vlasov were unlucky. The first PPZh - military doctor Agnessa Podmazenko - became pregnant and in January 1942 was sent to the rear. There she gave birth to a son, Andrei, but soon received a 5-year sentence “for having an affair with a traitor to the Motherland.” It's interesting that legal spouse Anna Mikhailovna Vlasova received 8 years “on the horns”!

The second PPZh - cook Maria Voronova - was captured along with Vlasov. The Germans sent her to a concentration camp. Maria fled from there and tried to contact Vlasov, but he was already flirting with Agenheld Bindenberg, the sister of Himmler’s adjutant.

As we can see, the PPVs have centuries-old history, and, naturally, the question arises: is it necessary to fight them? Why can an engineer or businessman live in civilian life for decades? civil marriage and punch anyone in the face who gets into his personal life? But an officer cannot live in a service apartment with common-law wife in a military camp, and any boss who has at least a dozen mistresses has the right to demand that the officer “legalize his relationship.”

Is legal marriage always good for the officer and for the combat effectiveness of the unit? A typical example: in mid-November 1990, the 57th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment was redeployed to Norilsk from the Besovets airfield near Petrozavodsk. This flight “caused protests and appeals to the authorities and the media by wives of military personnel.” And in 2014, the reluctance of pilots to redeploy to circumpolar airfields was primarily due to the opinion of their wives.

The fighter regiment consists of only 30 pilots. The state will not become poorer if pilots in Tiksi and Belushaya Guba receive double pay and a year or two of service. In a military camp near the airfield, it is worth placing fifty young female military personnel (radar operators, electrical engineers, signalmen, canteen staff, etc.). Rhetorical question: can a qualified pilot serve for three years at this airfield without the Bolshoi Theater and “cackling hens”?

Well, as for favoritism and corruption in the army, then legal wives always give a head start to the PPJ. So, in my opinion, both categories of officers' wives should have equal rights, and their status should be determined by the officer himself and no one else. Moreover, the activities of both should not reduce the combat effectiveness of the military unit. No one is allowed to start a nightly scandal over socks thrown on the floor or a conversation with the barmaid to a missile officer taking up combat duty, or an interceptor pilot on the eve of a flight.

Well, all the awards of legal wives and PPZh or their appointment to economic positions related to the distribution material assets, should compared to ordinary women be checked three times by all authorities.