Teaching competent speech. Correct speech is the key to successful communication

Many consider competent speech to be a talent that is given to a select few and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all, good diction makes you listen to to the talking person and trust his opinion more. In addition, such a skill often contributes to career growth, especially if to perform job responsibilities you need to communicate with people often.

Basic techniques and exercises for speech development

Below we present the most effective exercises to improve diction. Clear speech and a well-trained voice are the result of long and hard work on oneself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not occasionally, because this is the only way you will make progress in the development of your speech.

Warm-up for the articulatory apparatus

Before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction, short warm-ups will help you to prepare yourself for clarity of pronunciation. One of her options is to tightly clench a pencil with your teeth and say a phrase approximately 10-15 words long. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about choosing a text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.

Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help you begin to speak better and strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, these are the characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.

As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. That's why most of gymnastics is connected precisely with him. There are many exercises, the regular implementation of which will eliminate the need to think about the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach it first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, as if using a brush, use smooth movements to draw lines from the teeth to the larynx.

Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation

Tongue twisters for developing diction are considered a classic training option. With their help, you can practice clearly pronouncing different consonants in a calm environment. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to devote at least 5-10 minutes to exercise every day. However, to develop good diction there is one thing important rule: Each phrase must be pronounced at a slow, medium and very fast pace.

You can start training with the simplest sentences, which teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, these could be:

All beavers are kind to their beavers.

Skinny, weak Koschey is dragging a box of vegetables.

Klim pounded one damn thing with a wedge.

The thunderstorm is threatening, the thunderstorm is threatening.

A harrow was used to harrow an unharrowed field.

Mow, mow, while there is dew, away with the dew - and we are home.

Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass; Don't cut wood on the grass in your yard.

Whether the fox sat near the village, or at the edge of the forest.

The census rewrote the census results three times.

There are also more complex phrases that help you understand how to learn to speak words clearly and quickly, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:

• The talker said to the talkers: “I said, don’t tell the talker that the talker has started talking,” the talker has a talker. The talker began to speak, and the talker’s throat began to talk slightly, and then the talker said finally: “Stop talking, talker talker.”
• The commander spoke about the colonel and about the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and about the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and about the lieutenant, about the second lieutenant and about the second lieutenant, about the ensign and about the ensign, about the ensign, but was silent about the ensign.
• There is firewood in the yard, firewood behind the yard, firewood under the yard, firewood above the yard, firewood along the yard, firewood across the width of the yard, the yard cannot accommodate firewood! We'll probably move the wood from your yard back to the wood yard.
• The cap is not sewn in the Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured in the Kolokolov style, the cap needs to be re-packed, re-capped, re-forged, re-capped.
• The snake was bitten by the snake. I can't get along with the snake. From horror it has become narrower - the snake will eat it for dinner and say: “Start over.”

Pronouncing tongue twisters

There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. Good way figure out what exactly needs to be corrected - listen to your own speech from the outside. Once the problems have been identified, you can begin to work on developing your diction.

First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve differentiation in speech of similar sounds, for example, “s” and “sh” or “r” and “l”. A significant help in correcting your speech can be pronouncing special phrases, for example:

• Lara played the lyre.
• Forty mice walked and found forty pennies, and two poorer mice found two pennies each.
• The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
• A Cossack with a saber galloped towards Sashka to play checkers.
• Sasha walked along the highway and sucked on a dryer. Beavers wander into the cheese forests. Beavers are brave, but they are kind to beavers.
• The bull is blunt-lipped, the bull is blunt-lipped, the bull has a white lip and is blunt.
• There was a white-winged ram, which killed all the rams.
• I was at Frol’s, I lied to Frol about Lavra, I’ll go to Lavra, I lie to Lavra about Frol.

You should move on to working on the next sound only after you have achieved correct pronunciation first sound.

Reading aloud

In addition to speaking tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a voice recorder can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, would not want to improve it. By reading passages from books and making audio recordings, you can practice your pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.

How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change your intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and speed of reading, learning to highlight the most important moments with pauses. important points. But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.

Also, do not lose sight of the fact that a calm and confident voice is best perceived by others. Whether he will be like this depends largely on his mood and internal state a person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country while sitting in front of a mirror?

Vocabulary expansion

Another important aspect that needs to be taken into account is the need for constant intellectual development and vocabulary replenishment. Fine developed person in any situation he can carry on a conversation and find the right words. To become just like this, you should read more, solve crossword puzzles more often and attend various trainings on.

If you devote even a few minutes every day to working on improving your diction, within a few months you will begin to speak well, and your voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. Moreover, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.

Diaphragm training

In the question of how to deliver a speech, a very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text may be interrupted by pauses and breaths in places where this violates its meaning or worsens its emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.

Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop proper breathing:

• Place your feet shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, place one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your stomach forward. Then calmly exhale air through a small hole in your lips, returning your chest and stomach to their original position.
• To start speaking better over time, you can make the exercise more difficult. To do this, try to maintain proper breathing and at the same time walk, run in place, imitate chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
• You can improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, hold out any vowel for as long as possible. When you can hold a vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of your voice.

Main causes of speech problems

Impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction, if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only rarely are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal jaw structure or a short frenulum of the tongue.

For many people, speech problems are caused by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the “L” or “R” sounds, or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulatory apparatus may also be the cause.

Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, especially significant situations his speech may become slurred and unclear. After all, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus needs to very quickly switch from one movement to another. This can only be achieved through active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, by regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.

However main reason slurred, quiet speech is a person’s shyness and lack of self-confidence. In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight complexes.

In order to become respected and successful person, you need to speak competently and beautifully, have an ideal reputation and look brand new. The last two factors are easier to implement than the first. Seriously: if you have suffered from silence and tongue-tiedness since childhood, how can you learn to speak competently? If you really want something, then nothing is impossible, just learn our advice and you will become a real speaker who will be recognized by everyone and everywhere.

What is competent speech?

Before starting training, we advise you to decide what constitutes competent speech. After all, it consists of many points that you might have missed while being bored in Russian language lessons and sitting at school. And if you think that competent speech is just the correct construction of sentences, then you are deeply mistaken; in fact, everything is much more serious. A well-constructed speech is

• According to the plan, a logically structured speech, and not a jerky, chaotic speech without end and beginning.
• A well-formed sentence.
• Correctly combined words: you should understand that fun should not be fun and butter.
• Use word forms correctly: what do you say - five socks or five socks?
• Put the emphasis correctly: do you know, for example, that you need to say not blinds, but blinds?

So get ready for the fact that you will need to repeat morphology, syntax, vocabulary, phonetics - almost the entire Russian language course. Even if in this moment All these terms are a dark forest for you; if you study regularly, you will be able to understand all the nuances and master the norms of the Russian language. But how to comprehend this science and embrace the immensity?

How to learn to speak competently on your own?

If you still have basic knowledge Russian language, then you can learn to speak competently, without outside help. It is important to set aside a couple of hours a day and have the desire to study. Where to start, you ask. Here's what to do:

1. Start reading fiction, preferably in prose: Pasternak, Bulgakov, Solzhenitsyn, Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and other Russian writers. This should be done for at least an hour a day, and more if you can. Methods for constructing artistic, beautiful Russian speech will be stored in your head. You yourself will involuntarily begin to build your speech more competently and beautifully, similar to those that you read.
2. Go to the store educational literature and purchase a guide to speech culture. Now the most popular author in this field is D.E. Rosenthal: He explains everything in very detailed and accessible language. At the same time, buy a spelling dictionary, which you will refer to regarding the correct placement of stresses.
3. Plan your lessons according to the table of contents of the purchased reference book: Practice word forms for a week, stress for a week, and so on.
4. Practice making small speeches every day: any topic will do (for example, about the benefits of your own activities) and come up with a speech for 5-10 minutes. Be sure to record everything on a voice recorder, then listen and sort out all your mistakes. Very quickly you will see for yourself that mistakes are becoming fewer and fewer every day, and your speeches are successful among your friends and work team.

If you feel that classes are difficult, or you are afraid to resort to training on your own, then you should seek help from professionals.

Professionals will deliver a competent speech!

If you cannot do without a speech culture specialist, do not hesitate to look for a good teacher. Well, we can’t even talk about saving money in this option, since all teachers now charge an hourly wage. Who can work with you?

• If possible (money, acquaintances, connections), conduct lessons with a teacher who specializes in rhetoric: nowadays this discipline is offered in most schools, and in philological faculties you can find people with academic titles on this issue.
• Any Russian language teacher (philologist) has teaching skills competent speech, so you can ask almost anyone for help.
• Talk to your former teacher Russian language: this is the most best option, because he knows you and your abilities, and therefore will find the most optimal training option. And it will be easier for you to communicate with him.

If you decide to work with a professional, then be prepared not only to spend money, but also to conduct regular difficult practical exercises that will require additional effort and time from you.

Now you know how to learn to speak competently and be able to stay on top in any situation. You will see how your authority begins to grow in the company of friends and at work. You will quickly get the hang of it and will be happy to talk on all sorts of topics.

Correct, beautiful speech is one of the main signs characterizing a developed, cultured person. Unfortunately, it should be noted that in our time such speech has noticeably lost its ground. However, you can learn to speak beautifully and correctly.

How to learn to speak beautifully

Brevity, clarity, literacy - the foundations of correct and beautiful speech

People have forgotten how to speak correctly and beautifully (for a number of reasons, starting with the general decline of culture in the 90s of the last century). This needs to be learned again. At a minimum, because such speech not only characterizes a person positively, but also helps him communicate with other people and achieve success in work and personal life. Imagine this situation. You are communicating with a person who uses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue the conversation with him? Of course not.

Not all people are gifted with oratory skills. However, with desire and diligence, almost every person can learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Moreover, the Russian language is extremely rich. It makes it possible to describe any object, characterize any person, express an attitude towards a particular event, natural phenomenon, work of art, etc. with utmost clarity and imagery. With the help of its features, you can emphasize the slightest nuances, highlight this or that detail, character trait. In this regard, few languages ​​can compare with Russian.

It is not necessary for such a description or expression to be verbose. After all, a speech that is too long, even beautiful and figurative, tires listeners, and sometimes can cause irritation. As a result, the expected effect from the spoken words will not be achieved.

Therefore, it should be remembered that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech, – brevity. We must quickly move on to main point question, without delaying the introduction, without being distracted by extraneous details. Then they will listen to you carefully, and your arguments will have the desired effect.

Of course, there is no need to go to the opposite extreme, following the example of the ancient Spartans, who became famous for their brevity. She's pretty good too

It is necessary to speak clearly and convincingly. No matter what the conversation is about, the words of the speaker should be clear to anyone, even those who do not have a high level of intelligence. The whole effect of the speech will be lost if the listeners are constantly trying to understand: “What does he mean?” Therefore, you should not use specific terms that are familiar only to a narrow circle of specialists, for example. It is also necessary, if possible, to refrain from consuming too frequently. foreign words. After all, in most cases they can be replaced with Russian analogues.

And, of course, you need to speak competently. A very unpleasant impression is made by a person who makes mistakes in accents or uses words incorrectly. For example, the entire effect of a convincing and beautiful speech can be spoiled by the word “lay” spoken instead of the word “put”. In the same way, the head of a company who makes mistakes in accents when pronouncing the words “agreement” or “kilometer” is unlikely to inspire respect and trust among business partners.

Make it a rule: use as little jargon as possible. They are quite acceptable when communicating in a narrow circle or in in social networks, but not in public speech.

Moreover, try in every possible way to avoid rude, vulgar expressions (not to mention obscene). They are not in the best possible way characterize the person who uses them

And rightly so. Read the works of these masters and after a while you yourself will notice that your lexicon enriched, and you want to speak, imitating their heroes.

Attend performances based on the works of masters classical literature, or watch them on TV. This will also help you learn correct and beautiful speech.

You can also read an explanatory Russian dictionary and write down the words you like most. But remember that some of them may be unfamiliar to your listeners, so try not to use them when communicating with opponents.

I don’t think anyone will argue with the fact that the ability to speak beautifully is the most valuable human quality.

A person who speaks competently makes a favorable impression, he more often achieves his goal, he is more successful in professional activity, it is easier for him to adapt to any life situation.

Correct speech has an almost magical effect. I want to listen and listen to her; and from another - close your ears and run away.

Mastery of the art of speaking beautifully and competently, unfortunately, is becoming less and less common.

People who think masterpieces sometimes do not know how to express themselves as clearly in words. Many find it difficult to express their thoughts, feelings, or retell anything interesting they have read, seen, or experienced.

But behind the artless speech of such people sometimes hides a magnificent intellect, interesting person. But it takes time to recognize this. And time is something that we constantly lack.

From here there is only one way - you need and can train your speech. After all, the ability to speak beautifully is not a natural gift, but an acquired skill that can be brought to perfection. Even if you do not intend to become a professional speaker, the ability to speak beautifully and use speech correctly will be extremely useful both in work and in everyday personal life.

Following some rules can significantly improve the quality of your speech.

First, read more. Newspapers, magazines, high-quality fiction. In this sense, our domestic classics, which we have all studied in school years(or they didn’t study, which is sad). Read or re-read the classics! And out loud, without rushing. Such reading will have a colossal effect. It will teach you the correct construction of words in a sentence and increase your vocabulary.

Thirdly, watch the pace of your speech. It shouldn't be monotonous. Pause to highlight the main points of the conversation. It should be appropriate and not tight.

Fourthly, use comparisons, metaphors in colloquial speech, conversation, figurative expressions, sayings, finally. This will enliven the speech and make it more interesting. And of course, a win-win- humor. Appropriate self-irony and jokes will add shine to your speech. After all, words are only means for transmitting information, and the way you compose and pronounce them will either sink into your soul or not.

Fifth, speak, practice your speech as much as possible. This is easy to do if you have a wide social circle. If it is not there, then a TV or radio will help. Choose the TV presenter you like best and try to imitate him. Repeat phrases out loud (!) after him, also copying his voice intonations. It's not easy, but after some time you will certainly see progress. In addition to developing melodic speech, you will expand your vocabulary.

There is another fun, and only difficult exercise at first. Choose a simple household item, such as a floor lamp or slippers. Give yourself a time limit in which you will talk about this subject in a beautiful way. literary language. At first it will be difficult to talk for 5 minutes about some banal floor lamp. But it will get easier with every workout. By increasing the time limit and complicating the topic, you will soon overcome uncertainty, timidity in front of words, and inability to choose them. As a result, you will be able to enthusiastically talk about your slippers for an hour without repeating yourself. It is better to do this in a group or with your family, turning the training into a kind of game. In turn, everyone becomes both a performer and a listener.

You will not notice how you fall in love with words: you will feel your power over them, they will give you confidence, and they will serve you.

When expanding your vocabulary, get information from everywhere - from books, articles, films. Memorize bright phrases, phrases, interesting figures of speech. Write them down in a notebook and use them in everyday speech.

Find out the meaning of unfamiliar words, paying attention to the correct stress, and practice their pronunciation.

Incorrect pronunciation and inappropriate use of words can make your speech funny, instantly devaluing it. Make up new phrases and sentences yourself. Avoid vocabulary clichés, use speech imagery.

Ideally, after several months of systematic (!) training, you will develop a melodic, memorable and vivid speech. you are easy simple sentences you can explain the essence of complex things. Your speech will be like the babbling of a stream. It will flow easily and freely. From now on, such speech will always and everywhere be with you.

Excellent command of your native language will give you self-confidence. Moreover, it will change the quality of your life - you will be able to communicate with people without difficulty and fear. You will always be on top!

I wish you prosperity.

Competent speech is the key to success in life. After all, people are judged not only by their clothes, but also by their ability to correctly convey thoughts and write correctly. A person who knows how to express his thoughts simply, concisely and clearly, and construct sentences correctly, is always perceived more positively. Interlocutors, listening to competent speech, automatically assign a completely different, more high level life competence.

Have you ever lost or not gotten a job because large quantity writing mistakes or needing to clearly explain why you are the right person for the job? The development of competent speech is one of the basic tasks of every self-respecting person. Even if you don't speak in public, the ability to speak beautifully and clearly is valued by everyone. So, how to develop competent speech?

Read fiction

Reading high-quality fiction can hardly be called a waste of time. IN modern world We are exposed to a very large flow of information, mainly listening to the news or reading it on the Internet. But the network, entertaining reading and business literature cannot replace good books recognized domestic and foreign authors.

Reading novels helps you intuitively value the right ones, beautiful offers, develops a sense of language. Reading fiction, science articles in special publications, a person expands his horizons and vocabulary. If you want to make your speech more lively and imaginative, read poetry. Identify the rhythm, metaphors and figures of speech that you would like to use.

Use dictionaries

Look for new words. If you hear or read a word whose meaning is unfamiliar to you, feel free to take a dictionary and find out what it means. The origin of words is very interesting science. What if this becomes one of your hobbies?

In addition to the usual dictionary, there are dictionaries of metaphors, foreign words, special terms, even dictionaries dedicated to a particular science. Use them all - and your vocabulary will begin to grow quickly. You can always find the most accurate word and apply it in conversation.

Play educational games

As you know, children acquire almost all their knowledge of language before the age of seven. A child develops competent speech with the help of the people around him. There are also many games and techniques that allow you to develop your imagination, expand your vocabulary and learn to speak beautifully.

If possible, listen to yourself from the outside. Make an audio or video recording of your voice. If you are afraid to speak into a voice recorder or get an inaccurate result, ask someone close to you to record you during a normal conversation.

Evaluate your speech. Competent speech is always free from all unnecessary things. How accurately did you convey your message to others? Was she clear? Could it have been said shorter, clearer, more understandable? Are you pausing in the wrong places? Are you constructing your sentences correctly? Are your thoughts confused, are you jumping from thought to thought, confusing your listeners?

Watch the accents. Incorrect accents (call, jalousie and other tricky words, of which there are many in the Russian language) reveal an illiterate and ill-mannered person. There are two options: do not use these words or open the dictionary, textbooks and remember them firmly.

Edit what you've written

Have you written a letter, a message to a friend, a report to management or an artistic essay? Whatever it is, review the text as carefully as possible and try to give it a critical assessment. This is great speech training. If you practice “cleaning” your writing, you will see results very soon. Besides, Speaking will also change significantly!

Once you've written something, try to "switch" to something else (at least go and make yourself a cup of tea), and then return to the text with fresh eyes. Imagine that this is someone else's text. Does it have errors? How accurately is the thought expressed? Is everything clear to you as an outside reader? Is it possible to formulate this idea more clearly and concisely?

Correct speech and competent speech are always bright, expressive and understandable. Get rid of words that do not carry any semantic meaning. They often take up a third of the text, which is why your idea definitely loses. If you can use a simpler and shorter word, use it. You can also try reading it out loud (be sure to do this if you are preparing a speech that you will give).

Develop your voice

Not only grammatically and lexically correct speech is important for communication. Proper communication also includes using your voice. If you have applied all the methods outlined above, but at the same time express your thoughts in a monotonous voice, devoid of any intonation, listening to you will be unpleasant and not very interesting.

It's worth developing your voice. Do exercises, listen to speakers and try to repeat after them. Sign up for a public speaking course. Even with little effort, the results will please you, and your interlocutors will stop yawning.

Results

Competent speech is not given at birth. You need to work on this constantly, throughout your life. But even if you devote very little effort and time to developing your speech, reading will become your good habit - more interesting and successful life you are guaranteed.