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Presentation on the topic: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS

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The concept of "biological weapons" Biology is a wives - these are pathogenic microorganisms or their disputes, viruses, bacterial toxins, infected animals, as well as their means of delivery (rockets, managed shells, automatic aerostats, aviation), intended for massive damage to the enemy's living force, Agricultural animals, crops crops, as well as deterioration of certain types of military materials and equipment. It is a weapon of mass lesion. The affecting effect of biological weapons is based primarily on the use of the pathogenic properties of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic products of their livelihoods. Biological weapons are used in the form of various ammunition, it uses some types of bacteria that excite infectious diseases that take appearance of epidemics. It is intended to defeat people, agricultural plants and animals, as well as to infect food and water sources.

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For the use of BS, the enemy can also use: aviation bombs and aerosol generators, artillery shells and mines, rockets of near and long-range action, as well as other unmanned drugs, equipped with liquid or dry bacterial recipes; various land-based specially equipped transport vehicles and instruments for infection with arthropods; Aviation bombs, containers, equipped with infected arthropods; Various devices and special equipment for divergent infection of water, air of closed rooms, food, as well as to spread infected arthropods and rodents.

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Features of damage to biological weapons When damaged by bacterial agents, the disease does not occur immediately, almost always there is a hidden (incubatory) period during which the disease does not exhibit oneself by external signs, and the affected does not lose their combat capability. Some diseases are capable of transmitted from a sick person healthy and, quickly spreading, cause epidemics. To establish the fact of the use of bacterial agents and determine the type of pathogen is quite difficult, since neither microbes nor toxins have neither color, no odor, nor taste, but the effect of their action can manifest itself through a large period of time. Detection of bacterial agents is possible only by conducting special laboratory studies, which requires considerable time, and this makes it difficult to carry out measures to prevent epidemic diseases. Modern strategic means of biological weapons are used by mixtures of viruses and spores of bacteria to increase the likelihood of deaths when applied, however, as a rule, strains are not transmitted from person to person to geographically localize their impact and avoid due to this own loss.

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The basis of biological weapons and properties The basis of the striking effect of biological weapons is biological tools (BS) - biological agents specially selected for combat use capable of calling for people, animals, plants massive severe diseases (lesions). Biological agents include: individual representatives of pathogenic, i.e. pathogenic microorganisms - causative agents of the most dangerous infectious diseases in humans, farm animals and plants; The products of the vital activity of some microbes, in particular from the class of bacteria with regard to the human body and animals extremely high toxicity and cause severe lesions (poisoning) when they are injected into the body. To destroy crops of cereals and industrial cultures and undermining the economic potential of the enemy as biological agents, one can expect deliberate use of insects - the most dangerous, pests of crops. Pathogenic microorganisms- pathogens of human infectious diseases and animals depending on the size of the structure and biological properties are divided into the following classes: bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, spirochetes and the simplest. The last two classes of microorganisms as biological means of defeat, according to foreign specialists, do not matter.

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As bacterial agents (BS), for the defeat of the personal composition of troops and the population, the enemy can also use: bacteria of plague, Siberian ulcers, tularemia, brucellosis, spa, meloid, cholera et al.; rickettsia ku-fever, spotted fever of rocky mountains, raw title, etc.; Viruses of natural smallpox, psittakosis, encephalomyelitis of horses, tick-borne encephalitis and other arboviruses; fungi pathogens of coccidiodioodomicosis, knocardiosia and histoplasmosis; botulinical and other tank. Toxins.

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The external signs of the use of bacteriological weapons include: less harsh, unknown ordinary ammunition sounds of aviation bombs, rockets, shells and mines, accompanied by the formation of cloud, fog or smoke at the surface surface; The appearance of a quickly disappearing strip of fog or smoke for an opponent aircraft or on the way of movement of balloons; The presence in the places of gaps of ammunition on the soil and the surrounding objects of droplets of a turbid liquid or powdered substances, as well as fragments and individual parts of ammunition; the appearance on the area of \u200b\u200bthe remains of unusual bombs, rockets and shells with piston and other devices for creating aerosols; The presence of insect, ticks and corpses of rodents is unusual for this area near the place of falling bombs or containers.

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The manifestations of the opponent's attack: under the use of bacteriological weapons, the possibility of infectious diseases is not excluded, the possibility of infectious diseases earlier than the fact of bacteriological attack will be established, and earlier than the bacterial agents-pathogens of diseases will be discovered in the external environment. Under these conditions, the medical service is obliged to conduct a detailed epidemiological survey of the hearth disease and organize the necessary complex of anti-epidemic events. As a means of general emergency prevention, the antibiotics of a wide range of action are used, active in respect of all or most of the pathogens. The duration of general emergency prevention is determined by the time necessary for the selection, intention and determination of the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics. On average, it is 5 days.

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The main sign of the use of biological weapons is symptoms and manifested signs of mass disease of people and animals, which is finally confirmed by special laboratory studies. Infection of people and animals occurs as a result of inhalation of infected air, contacting microbes or toxins on the mucous membrane and damaged skin, eating contaminated food and water, bitees of infected insects and ticks, contact with infected objects, injured by fragments of ammunition equipped with biological agents, as well as as a result of direct communication with patients with people (animals). A number of diseases are rapidly transmitted from sick people to healthy and causes epidemics (plague, cholera, typhoid, influenza, etc.). The main means of protecting the population from biological weapons include: vaccine-serum drugs, antibiotics, sulfamed and other drugs used for special and emergency prevention of infectious diseases, means of individual and collective protection used to neutralize causative agents Chemicals. The main sign of the use of biological weapons is symptoms and manifested signs of mass disease of people and animals, which is finally confirmed by special laboratory studies. Infection of people and animals occurs as a result of inhalation of infected air, contacting microbes or toxins on the mucous membrane and damaged skin, eating contaminated food and water, bitees of infected insects and ticks, contact with infected objects, injured by fragments of ammunition equipped with biological agents, as well as as a result of direct communication with patients with people (animals). A number of diseases are rapidly transmitted from sick people to healthy and causes epidemics (plague, cholera, typhoid, influenza, etc.). The main means of protecting the population from biological weapons include: vaccine-serum drugs, antibiotics, sulfamed and other drugs used for special and emergency prevention of infectious diseases, means of individual and collective protection used to neutralize causative agents Chemicals.

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The focus of biological damage is considered cities, settlements and objects of the national economy, exposed to the direct effects of bacterial (biological) funds that create a source of distribution of infectious diseases. Its boundaries are determined on the basis of data from biological intelligence, laboratory testing of samples from objects of the external environment, as well as identifying patients and distribution of infectious diseases. Armed guard is established around the focus, prohibit entry and departure, as well as the removal of property. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases among the population in the lesion, a complex of anti-epidemic and sanitary and hygienic measures is carried out: emergency prevention; Sanitary processing of the population; Disinfection of various infected objects. If necessary, destroy insects, ticks and rodents (disinsection and deratization). The focus of biological damage is considered cities, settlements and objects of the national economy, exposed to the direct effects of bacterial (biological) funds that create a source of distribution of infectious diseases. Its boundaries are determined on the basis of data from biological intelligence, laboratory testing of samples from objects of the external environment, as well as identifying patients and distribution of infectious diseases. Armed guard is established around the focus, prohibit entry and departure, as well as the removal of property. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases among the population in the lesion, a complex of anti-epidemic and sanitary and hygienic measures is carried out: emergency prevention; Sanitary processing of the population; Disinfection of various infected objects. If necessary, destroy insects, ticks and rodents (disinsection and deratization).

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"Gas attack" - the most common in battle gases were: chlorine, phosgene and dithosgen. For the first time, phosgene was applied by the Germans in December 1915 on the Italian front. Nastrodamus about the first application of chemical weapons. Physiological impact. The history of the use of chemical weapons. Gamer was in the service of the German government.

"Saber and Dagger" - the Cossack Regiment, Klych L.-GV. Dagger is one of the oldest types of cold weapons, which appeared in the era of Neolith. They were made of handles from the bone or horns, sometimes they were filled with metal. The greatest distribution was the dagger type "Kama" with a straight blade. XX century, usually steel. In 1700-1711 Sabls, along with the Palash and swords, were armed with dragoons.

"Automatic grenade launcher" is a targeted shooting range. Purpose of parts and mechanisms. Radius of continuous lesion. The combat properties of AGS-17. General view of AGS-17. Appointment of AGS-17. Main parts and mechanisms. Mass of boxes with shots. Mass of a grenade launcher with a machine and an eye. The pace of shooting, shots \\ min. Automatic grenade launcher AGS-17.

"Weapon Calibr" - the automatic rifle of Degtyarev has a fastening for a bayonet. Cooling the trunk at the Machine Machine Machine Maxim - Water. Metal parts of Mosina rifle, except shutter, oxidized black. Weapon samples. Kalashnikov shortened machine. At the caliber Zlin shock mechanism of curricular type.

"Machine gun guns" - a submachine gun consists of the army of Finland's army. The sight is unregulated, with three contrast points (one on the fluff and two in the whole). Lining and cheek can be adjusted. Pistol-machine "Bizon-2". For shooting from the machine gun used 5.56 mm standard cartridge of the NATO World Court. Sniper rifle "Hecler and Koh" MSG 90.

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classes №1 "Nuclear, chemical, bacteriological and incendiary enemy weapons" section of discipline: radiation, chemical, bacteriological protection (RHBS) Questions: 1. Agrowing factors of nuclear explosions and their impact on personnel, weapons, military equipment, ways to protect against them . 2. Chemical weapons, classification and characteristics of poisoning substances, their striking effect, means of application, methods of protection against them. 3. Types affecting the properties and means of using biological weapons, ways to protect against it. 4. The affecting effect of incendiary weapons, means and ways to protect against it. (For students VUS -461000, 461100, 461200, 461300 Topic number 6: "Basics of radiation, chemical and biological protection"

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The weapons of mass lesion (OMP) include:

Nuclear weapons - Chemical weapons - biological weapons - incendiary weapons. Recent achievements in science and technology make it possible to create weapons of mass lesion based on qualitatively new principles: radiological, infrasound, radiation, ethnic, meteorological and other weapons.

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Types of nuclear weapons: nuclear is called a weapon, affecting the actions, which is due to the energy allocated as a result of the flow of nuclear reactions of explosive type - nuclear (atomic) weapon - thermonuclear weapon - neutron weapons The principle of operation of nuclear weapons is based on a chain fission reaction. In a piece of uranium (U235) or plutonium (PU239), with neutron bombardment, the first nucleus cleavage occurs and 2-3 neutrons are exempt, which in turn split the following 4 kernels with the release of 8-12 neutrons, etc. When the cores are clever for the fraction of a second, the number of split atoms, which means the amount of energy selected at the same time, increases avalanche-like. This process is called a chain reaction. In order for the chain reaction to occur, the minimum mass of nuclear fuel (U235) or (PU239) is needed - critical mass. The critical mass for U235 is 23 kg (sphere ọ \u003d 13 cm), and for PU239 is 5.6 kg. The principle of operation of thermonuclear charge is based on a chain reaction-synthesis division. Ammunition with a high yield of neutron flux in the composition of penetrating radiation is called neutron 1. Nuclear weapons

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types of nuclear charges Depending on the methods of formation of the supercritical mass, nuclear charges of the cannon and implosive type are distinguished.

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Ultra-low - up to 1 thousand tons; (Trotil equivalent) Small - from 1 thousand tons to 10 thousand tons; Middle - from 10 thousand tons to 100 thousand tons; large - from 100 thousand tons to 1 million tons; Super-broom - over 1 million tons. Depending on the power of the nuclear explosion, nuclear ammunition shall be divided into 5 calibers: the USSR from 1949 to 1990 produced 715 yv with a total energy release of 285 MG. (247-atmospheric, 38-underground) USA from 1945 to 1992 produced 1056 yav with a total energy release of 193 MGT. (155-atmospheric, 38-underground)

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types of nuclear explosions depending on the properties of the medium surrounding the nuclear explosion distinguish: air jaw (low and high) up to 30 000m high-altitude 330 000m and more - grounded javis - underground yav - surface yav - underwater yav

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photo of nuclear explosions 1958 8.9 Megaton 21 Kilotonne 1952 10 Megaton 1962 Arkansas 1 MGT. 1955 21 Kilotonna

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1. The shock wave (is 50% of the explosion energy) 2. Light radiation (is 35% of the explosion energy) 3. penetrating radiation (5% of the explosion energy) 4. Radioactive infection (amounts to 9% of the explosion energy) 5. Electromagnetic pulse (is 1% explosion energy) 1.1. Agrowing the factors of a nuclear explosion: in the explosion of a nuclear or thermonuclear ammunition, a huge amount of energy is distinguished for millions of shares of seconds, which leads to the formation of the striking factors of the nuclear explosion, such as:

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film "Agrowing Factors of Jav"

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The initial moment of JAV is characterized by an exceptionally strong short-term (1-10 second) flash of the brightness of which several times exceeds the brightness of the sun. The light from the outbreak is observed over several tens and cells (with air joint) kilometers. A shielding area appears in the form of a sphere or hemisphere (with ground yav), which is a source of powerful light radiation. At the same time, a powerful flow of gamma radiation and neutron-penetrating radiation is distributed from the explosion zone to the environment. Under the action of instant gamma radiation, the ionization of the atoms of the environment, which carries out the occurrence of electrical and magnetic fields. These fields due to their short-term action is called electromagnetic pulses of Jav. In the center of the nuclear explosion, the temperature instantly rises to several million degrees, as a result of which the charge substance turns into a high-temperature plasma emitting X-ray radiation. The pressure of gaseous products at first reaches several billion atmospheres. The sphere of hot gases of the luminous area, striving to expand, compress the adjacent air layers, creates a sharp pressure drop on the boundary of the compressed layer and forms a shock wave, which extends from the center of the explosion in various directions. Because The density of the gases constituting the fireball is much lower than the ambient air density, the ball quickly rises up. At the same time, a mushroom-like cloud is formed, containing gases, pairs of water, fine particles of soil and a huge number of radioactive explosion products. Upon reaching the maximum height, the cloud under the action of air flows is transferred over long distances, and radioactive products are scattered onto the surface of the Earth, creating a radioactive infection of the area The formation of affecting nuclear explosion factors

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ΔРФ -Fug pressure is the difference between atmospheric pressure in front of the shock wave front and maximum pressure at the front of the shock wave. PCT-high-speed pressure is the dynamic pressure generated by air moving behind the front of the shock wave, when it is braked to the barrier. 1.1. Corecuting actions of the shock wave The shock wave of a nuclear explosion is one of the main affixing factors, 50% of the energy of the explosion is consumed on its formation. It is an area of \u200b\u200bsudden compression of air propagating in all directions from the explosion center with supersonic speed. As the speed is removed from the center of the explosion, the shock wave weakens the damage to the shock wave are caused by both the action of overpressure and its violent action (high-speed pressure) caused by air movement in the wave. Personal composition, weapons and military equipment located in the open area are affected mainly as a result of a damage to the shock wave (see injuries), and the objects of large sizes (buildings, etc.) - the action of overpressure

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1. Light arising at Δpf \u003d 0.2-0.4 kgf \\ cm2, which are characterized by bruises, dislocations, general contusion 2. Average-arising at Δpf \u003d 0.4-0.6 kgf \\ cm2, which are characterized by a serious contusion , damage to hearing organs, bleeding from ears and nose, strong dislocations and bruises. 3. Heavy-arising at Δpf \u003d 0.6-1.0 kgf \\ cm2 is accompanied by strong contusions. fractures of limbs, strong bleeding from the ears and nose. 4. Extremely severely arising at Δpf \u003d 1.0 kgf \\ cm2, leads to a fatal outcome of injury derived from shock wave:

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air shock wave protection

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The light radiation of the nuclear explosion is electromagnetic radiation in ultraviolet visible and infrared spectrum areas. The source of light radiation is the luminous explosion region consisting of up to 8-10 thousand degrees Celsius of products of explosion and air particles. The light radiation is consumed up to 35% of the energy of the nuclear explosion. 1.2. Light radiation of the nuclear explosion The time of action of light radiation depends on the power of the ammunition. So, when the charge is exploded with a power of 20 kg \u003d 3 seconds; 1 mGt. \u003d 10 sec. The affecting effect of light radiation is determined by a light momentum, i.e. The amount of light energy falling on 1 cm.2 surface located perpendicular to the spread of the rays. Rain, snow, fog, dust, smoke, absorbing light radiation, reduces the magnitude of the pulse and its affecting action several times. So with a light haze, the magnitude of the light pulse decreases by 2 times, with a small fog, smoke 10 times, and with a thick fog, 20 times compared with clear weather. People have light radiation can cause the burns of open areas of the body and damage to organs of vision.

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1 degree is characterized by redness and skin edema, healing occurs within 2-4 days. 2 degree is characterized by the formation of bubbles, the skin around them is swept. After 3-4 days, bubbles fall. 3 degree of skin deficiency occurs. Healing of such sites occurs within 1-2 months. 4 degrees are affected by fabrics, tendons, muscles, deep wounds appear on the burn site, which, as a rule, do not heal without treatment. Dependes to the depth of lesion, burns are divided into 4 degrees:

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Penetrating radiation is a flow of gamma rays and neutrons emitted from the nuclear explosion zone. Its time is 10-15 seconds, for which approximately 5% of the explosion energy is consumed. Gamma radiation and neutron radiation in their physical properties differently, and the common for them is that they are distributed in the air in all directions to a distance of up to 2.5-3 km. Passing through biological tissue, gamma rays and neutrons ionize atoms and molecules included in the composition of living cells, as a result of which the metabolism is violated and the nature of the vital activity of individual organs and the organism systems is changed, which in turn leads to radiation sickness. The affecting effect of penetrating radiation is characterized by the value of the radiation dose, i.e. The amount of energy of radioactive radiation, absorbed by the unit of mass of the irradiated medium. The dose of penetrating radiation depends on the type of nuclear explosion, power and type of explosion, as well as distances to the center of the explosion. The degree of damage to the body penetrating radiation is determined mainly by the value of the dose obtained by the person, the time of the set of this dose and also depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the general state of it at the time of irradiation (called radiation disease) 1.3. Permissive radiation

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1 degree (lung) is a radiation doses of 100-250 glad. It is characterized by general weakness, increased fatigue, dizziness, nausea, which is usually disappeared in a few days. In most cases, special treatment is not required. 2 degree (average severity) - develops with doses of irradiation 250-400 happy. It is characterized by the same signs as the radiation disease of 3 degrees, but expressed less sharply. The disease in most cases ends with recovery. 3 degree (severe) - develops with irradiation doses of 400-600 happy. It is characterized by the fact that a strong headache appears, elevated temperature, weakness, a sharp decline in appetite, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (often with blood), hemorrhage in the internal organs and under the skin, changing blood composition. Recovery is possible under conditions of timely and effective treatment. 4 degree (extremely heavy) - develops with radiation doses Over 600 is happy. In most cases, it ends with fatal. The degree of radiation sickness:

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The zone of moderate infection 40 Rad.-400 is happy. The base of strong infection 400 Rad.-1200 is glad. The zone of dangerous contamination of 1200 Rad.-4000 is glad. The g-zone of extremely dangerous infection of more than 4000 is pleased with the zone of an infected area along the following clouds: 1.4.Adioactive contamination

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The electromagnetic pulse is called a set of short-term electrical and magnetic fields of air molecules arising from ionization in the zone of nuclear explosion and spatial separation of positive and negative charges. AMY. Distorted the magnetic field of the Earth, which leads to a deterioration or disappearance of radio communications. Under the influence of E.M.I. The currents of the force of up to several thousand amps and a voltage of 10-15 thousand volts of air, terrestrial, underground lines of wired communication, alarm and power supply, located at removal up to 300 km from the explosion area. This may lead to the conclusion of the equipment, cause melting of wires, isolation trifles, in some cases to the damage to the service personnel and subscribers. Protection from E.M.I. It is achieved by shielding of power supply and management lines, as well as equipment. All outdoor lines must be two-wire and well isolated from land with minority arresters and fusible inserts. 1.5. Electromagnetic impulse (AM)

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The radii of the immediate failure of personnel with the explosions of neutron ammunition, km.

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2. Chemical weapons Chemical weapons are weapons of mass lesion, the action of which is based on the toxic properties of the substance of their means of use. Chemical weapons, classification and characteristics of poisoning substances, affecting them, means of use, methods of protection against them.

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Currently, the use of chemical weapons is prohibited by the Geneva Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Accumulation and Application of Chemical Weapons and its destruction since 1993. At the 1st Peace Conference in the Hague in 1899, an international declaration was adopted, prohibiting the use of poisoning substances for military purposes. France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan agreed with the Hague Declaration of 1899, the United States and the United Kingdom joined the Declaration and adopted its obligations at the 2nd Hague Conference in 1907. Despite this, cases of the use of chemical weapons Lastly were noted repeatedly: the first World War (1914-1918; both sides) April 22, 1915 IPR (Belgium) Reef War (1920-1926; Spain, France) Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1941; Italy) Japanese War (1937-1945; Japan) War in Vietnam (1957-1975; United States) Civil War in North Yemen (1962-1970; Egypt) Iranian Iraqi War (1980-1988; both sides) Irako-Kurdish conflict (the rules of Iraq during the operation "Anfal") Iraq war (since 2003; rebels)

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The poisoning substances (s) are chemical compounds that, when used, can cause defeat unprotected alive or reduce its combat capability. In their afflicting properties of OEs differ from other combat: they are able to penetrate with air into various structures, tanks and other combat techniques and to defeat people who are in them; They can maintain their affecting effect in the air, on the ground and in various objects throughout some, sometimes quite a long time; spreading in large volumes of air and on large areas, they defeat all people who are in their field of action without protective equipment; Couples of theses are capable of spreading in the direction of wind at considerable distances from areas of direct use of chemical weapons. Chemical weapons are distinguished according to the following characteristics: - the nature of the physiological effects of the human body - the tactical purpose - the speed of the upcoming effect - the resistance of the used resources and methods of application 2.1. Poisoning substances

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All poisoning substances are classified:

** Physico-chemical properties of poisoning substances to learn independently on the self-preparation of tactical action - persistent poisoning substances - non-resistant poisoning substances - poisonous poisoning substances of toxic effects - neuro-paralytic effects (Zarin **, Zoman **, Vi-X) - Skin-disruptable Actions (Iprit **, Luzit) - Solid Action (Sinylinic acid **, chlorocian) - choking action (phosgene **, dithosgen) - psychochemical action (bi-zet **) - annoying action (CI-ES **, chlorpicrin , Chlorocyphion -Chelch) according to the classification of the US accepted in the USA, it is customary to call combat toxic chemicals (BTHV)

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BTHV Classification Depending on the nature of the affecting actions, combat toxic chemicals are designed for the death of the enemy or withdrawal of its failure for a long time (Zamen, Zoman, Wi-X, Iprit, Sinyl Acid, Chlorocian, Phosgen) Temporarily disabling psychochemical substances which act on the nervous system of people, causing temporary mental disorders (BI-ZET) annoying (police) are intended to defeat sensitive nerve endings, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract and eye effects (SI-ES, SI-AR, Adamsit , chloroacetophene)

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Classification of combat toxic chemicals on the action of a person's combat toxic chemical (BTHV) - a chemical compound that can affect unprotected people and animals at large distances, penetrate various structures, infect the terrain and reservoirs. Neriva-paralytic action (GB-Zarin, GD-Zoman, VX-VX-X) is affixed by the nervous system, acting on the body through the respiratory organs, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Signs of lesions: Sluting, narrowing of pupils (MIOS), difficulty breathing, nausea, shuttle, convulsions, leather-disruptive action paralysis Technical Iprit-H, distilled Iprit-HD, nitric Iprit-HN in drip-liquid and gaseous condition affect skin and eyes , when inhalation, steam-intensive pathways and light, when feeding with food and water, digestion organs. Signs of lesions: Redness of the skin, the formation of small bubbles on it, which are then merged into large and two-thro three days burst, turning into employment ulcers. Cause the general poisoning of the body, which manifests itself in increasing temperature, ailments. Choosing actions (phosgene-CG, dithosgen-CD) affects the body through respiratory organs. Signs of lesion: Sweetish, unpleasant taste in the mouth, cough, dizziness, the total weakness of the shaded Agdeal Agdeas (Sinyl Acid, Chloroqian) amazed a person only when inhaling air infected with them. Signs of lesion: Metallic taste in the mouth, irritation in the throat, dizziness, weakness, nausea, sharp cramps, palsy of psychochimic action (BZ-BZ-ZET) act on the central nervous system and cause psychological (hallucinations, fear, depression), or physical ( blindness, deafness) irritating disorder (SI-ES, SI-AR, chlorpicrin, chlorocyphion (cherry) cause burning and mouth pain, throat and eyes, severe tear, cough, difficult breathing.

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characteristic OV

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"poisoning substances" film

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The characteristic features of the use of BTHV is less sharp, the sound of bombs gap, shells and mines. Cloud of gas, smoke or fog in places of breaks or moving from the enemy. Dark disappearing strips behind airplanes. Oil drops, stains, puddles, leaks on the ground or in funnels from the breakdowns of shells, mines and bombs. Breathing and eye irritation: decrease in visual acuity or loss of it; Foreign odor, unusual data. Withering vegetation and change its coloring.

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consequences of applications OV

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For translation O.V. In combat condition, jet shells, artillery shells, airbabs, bulk airborns, chemical funds, aerosol generators 2.2 were used, on the time of combat use of OB, can be in a drop-entertainment state, in the form of steam (gas), fogs and smoke . Air, infected with pairs, smoke or fog, with favorable weather conditions, can spread over the wind a few kilometers from the application. Some sides in a drop-woofer can infect the terrain for a long time, forming infected areas (NPSK)

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Bacteria (single-cell microorganisms are pathogens of such dangerous diseases as plague, cholera, Siberian ulcers) - viruses (a group of microorganisms capable of exist in living cells. Are causative agents of yellow fever, smallpox, influenza) - Ricketsia (microorganisms that occupy an intermediate position between viruses and bacteria. Call a rack title, spotted fever of rocky mountains - fungi (multicellular microorganisms of plant origin, cause severe infectious diseases, such as blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, etc.) 3. Bacteriological (biological) weapons Methods of use Bo: - Mechanical generator accommodates 190 Litres of biological formulation and infects an area of \u200b\u200b60 square meters. km - VAP accommodates 600 kilograms of substances. Biological weapons are weapons of mass destruction of people, farm animals and plants. Its action is based on the use of the pathogens of microorganisms (bacteria, rickettsius, fungi, and also produced Songs mi bacteria toxins). The bacteriological (biological) weapons also include insects, the most dangerous pests of agricultural crops. (Colorado Flashing Beetle, Saransch, Hesse

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Characteristics of the most likely human diseases when using biological weapons.

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Characteristics of infectious diseases

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Application 1934 German saboteurs caught when attempting to infect the metro in London. 1939-1945 Japan: A Manchurian detachment of 731 against 3 thousand people - within the framework of development. As part of the tests - in combat operations in Mongolia and China. Also prepared plans for use in the districts of Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, Ussuriysk, cheats. The data obtained was based on the basis of developments in the bacteriological center of the US Army Fort Detriton (Maryland) in exchange for protection against the persecution of the staff of the detachment 731. (Encephalite tick) 1951-1952 USA against North Korea. 1956-1959 USA against the USSR (Colorado Site) 1980 - USA against Cuba. All population of pigs and up to 80% of sugar cane landing (main types of export products) were destroyed. To deliver bacterial (biological) funds, the same carriers are used as for nuclear and chemical weapons (aviation bombs, shells, mines, rockets, aerosol generators and other devices). In addition, bacterial (biological) formulations can be applied by a sabotage. The main method of the use of bacterial (biological) means is considered to be an overhaul air layer. When an explosion of ammunition or triggered generators, an aerosol cloud is formed, along the path of propagation of which the formulation particles infect the area. It is possible to use bacterial (biological) means with the help of insect-sensitive microbes, ticks, rodents, etc. The direct protection of the personnel during the bacteriological (biological) attack of the enemy is ensured by the use of personal and collective protection, as well as the use of emergency prevention tools available in individual aid kidts. Means of use Bo.

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Depending on the composition, it is divided into: - unguarded incendiary mixtures based on petroleum products for the ranked flamets: (gasoline + dt + lubricating oils) - thickened (viscous) incendiary mixtures based on petroleum products (Napalm) develops temperatures up to 1200 degrees (90 + 10 ) - thickened petroleum products with the addition of powdered metals (pichel) develops when combustion temperatures up to 1600 degrees - solid metal pyrotechnic mixtures (Tina Termitite, an electron thermite develops when combustion temperatures up to 3000 degrees, the electron develops when burning temperatures up to 2000 degrees - white phosphorus (in air Self-proposal) Develops when burning temperatures up to 1200 degrees, incendiary weapons are a means for damage to the living force and military equipment of the enemy, the action of which is based on the use of the incendial substances. 4.1. Instrumentation 4. Incendiary weapons

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4.2. Means of an incendiary weapon Heavy flamethrowing system TOS-1 Jet infantry flamethrower "Bumblebee" Light infantry flamethrower LPO shooting from a flamethrower tank combat shooting from RPO-A Main characteristics of BM TOS-1 "Buratino" Calibr, mm 220 lesion range, m 400-6000 The zone of the lesion, sqm 1 or 3 Weight BM, T 42 (46) * Mass of the rocket / BC, kg 175 / 24-30 Volley time, from 7.5 (15) * Maximum speed, km / h to 65 reserve Highway, km 550 grenades caliber - 93 mm. Weapon mass - 11 kg. Mass of the rocket - 6.5 kg. Mass of the combat part - 2.1 kg. Weapon length - 920 mm. Rocket flight speed - 125 m / s. The maximum range of flight is 1000 m. Aiming range - 600 m. The range of valid fire is 400 meters. Covers an area of \u200b\u200b55 sq.m. Volume -90 cubic meters

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The main characteristics of NATO flamethos

Slide 53.


individual means of protection

Slide 54.


individual protection means

Slide 55.


Antiragonal shelters (PRU) provide protection of people from ionizing radiation during radioactive infection (pollution) of the area. In addition, they protect against light radiation penetrating radiation (including from neutron flow) and partly from the shock wave, as well as directly entering the skin and clothing of people of radioactive, poisoning substances and bacterial agents. PRA is organized primarily in the basements of the buildings and asylum structures - it is special structures designed to protect people who cover them from all the affecting factors of nuclear explosion, poisoning substances, bacterial agents, as well as from high temperatures and harmful gases formed during fires. Protective facilities 1 - protective hermetic doors; 2 - Gately chambers (tambura); 3 - Sanitary and household compartments; 4 - the main premises for the placement of people; 5-gallery and emergency leaving; 6-filter orentification chamber; 7-storey for food; 8-medical room cellar adapted under the shelter shock

Slide 56.


Explore the nuclear, chemical, bacteriological and incendiary weapons of the likely enemy and ways to protect against them. LITERATURE: Preparation of the Officer of the stock of St., Milivdat, 1989, p. 354-383 Protection against OMP., Milivdat, 1989, p.24-58, p. 81-90, p. 142-163, p. 359-392 Nuclear weapons, Milivdat, 1987, the website of the chemical troops. http://himvoiska.narod.ru Task for self-preparation:

Slide 57.


1. What are the types of nuclear explosions? 2. What are the types of nuclear charges: 3. What kind of nuclear explosion is the luminous area in the form of a sphere? 4. What kind of nuclear explosion is the glowing area in the form of a hemisphere lying on the ground? 5. What kind of nuclear explosion is the luminous area in the form of a hemisphere, soaring over the earth? 6. When undermining the nuclear ammunition of which caliber is highlighted equivalent to 1 thousand tons of TNT. 7. When undermining the nuclear ammunition of which caliber is distinguished by an equivalent energy from 10 thousand to 100 thousand tons of trotyl? 8. When undermining a nuclear ammunition of which caliber is highlighted with an equivalent energy from 100 thousand to 1 million tons of trotyl? 9. When undermining the nuclear ammunition of which caliber is distinguished by an equivalent energy from 1 thousand to 10 thousand tons of trotyl? 10. List the affecting factors of low air explosion? 11. How many percent of the energy of the nuclear explosion falls on the formation of such an amazing factor as a shock wave? 12. How many percent of the energy of the nuclear explosion falls on the formation of such an amazing factor as penetrating radiation? 13. How many percent of the energy of the nuclear explosion falls on the formation of such an amazing factor as light radiation? 14. How many percent of the energy of the nuclear explosion falls on the formation of such an amazing factor as a radioactive contraction of the area? 15. How many percent of the energy of the nuclear explosion falls on the formation of such an amazing factor, as an electromagnetic impulse? 16. How are the injury obtained from the shock wave at an overpressure Δpf \u003d 0.2-0.4? 17. How are the injury obtained from the shock wave at an overpressure Δpf \u003d 0.4-0.6? 18. How are the injury obtained from the shock wave at an overpressure Δpf \u003d 0.6-1.0? 19. How are the injury obtained from the shock wave at an overpressure Δpf \u003d 1.0? 20. What degree of radiation sickness is developing with irradiation doses of 100-250 Rad: 21. What degree of radiation sickness develops with irradiation doses in 250-400 is happy: 22. What degree of radiation sickness develops with irradiation doses in 400-600 is happy. : 23. What degree of radiation disease is developing with irradiation doses over 600 happy: 24. Area of \u200b\u200bmoderate area infection? 25. Are the area of \u200b\u200bstrong area infection? 26. Area of \u200b\u200bdangerous area infection? 27. Are the area of \u200b\u200bextremely dangerous locality infection? 28. Poisoning substance of neuroralitic action? 29. Devices of the skin_nolenic effect? 30. Medium-action poisoning substance? 31. The poisoning substance of choking action? 32. Psycho-action poisoning substance? 33. An annoying substance? 34. The incendiary substance Napalm develops the combustion temperature? 35. The incendiary substance Pirogel develops the combustion temperature? 36. The incendiary substance of Tina Termitic develops the combustion temperature? 37. The electron of the electron develops the combustion temperature? 38. The incendiary substance is plasticized white phosphorus develops the combustion temperature?

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1 Slide

2 Slide

HIS HISTORY OF HO CHEMICAL Weapon used: World War II (1914-1918) Reef War (1920-1926) Second Italian-Ethiopian War (1935-1941) Second Japanese War (1937-1945) War in Vietnam (1955-1975) Civil War in North Yemen (1962-1970) Irano-Iraq war (1980-1988) *

3 Slide

The definition and properties of chemical weapons by chemical weapons are poisoning substances and means by which they are used on the battlefield. The basis of the affecting effect of chemical weapons is the poisoning substances. The poisoning substances (s) are chemical compounds that, when used, can cause defeat unprotected alive or reduce its combat capability. According to their amazing properties of OE differ from other combat: they are able to penetrate with air into various buildings, in combat techniques and cause defeats in them to people; They can maintain their affecting effect in the air, on the ground and in various objects throughout some, sometimes quite a long time; spreading in large volumes of air and on large areas, they defeat all people who are in their field of action without protective equipment; Couples of theses are capable of spreading in the direction of wind at considerable distances from areas of direct use of chemical weapons. *

4 Slide

Chemical ammunition properties are distinguished according to the following characteristics: the persistence of the applicability of the physiological effect of the physiological effect of the human body to the means and methods of applying the tactical purpose of the upcoming impact resistance, depending on which time after use, the poisoning substances can maintain their affecting effect. Subdivided into: persistent (IPRIT, LUISIT, VX) Unstable (phosgene, blue acid) The resistance of poisoning substances depends on: their physical and chemical properties, the methods of application, the meteorological conditions of the nature of the area on which poisoning substances are used. Resistant s retains their striking effect from several hours to several days and even weeks. *

5 Slide

Types of OI according to physiological influence on man nervous-paralytic stem-blasting Skidovy-sighted psycheous Psycho gem chicient tear annoying *

6 Slide

Types of Nervo-paralytic effects cause a damage to the central nervous system. The main purpose of the use of Nervo-paralytic effects is the rapid and massive output of the personnel of the system with perhaps a large number of deadly outcomes. The skin-disruptive effects are defeated mainly through the skin, and when they are used in the form of aerosols and vapors - also through respiratory organs. Soldier Actions are amazed through respiratory organs, causing cessation of oxidative processes in the body tissues. Onts choking action are striking mainly light. Psychochimic effects are able to disable lively enemy strength for a while. These poisoning substances, affecting the central nervous system, violate the normal mental human mental activity or cause such mental disadvantages as temporary blindness, deafness, fear of resting the motor functions of various organs. The deadly outcome is possible at a very high concentration *

7 Slide

Methods of use of OS can be applied to: - lesions of the living force for its full destruction or temporary conclusion, which is achieved by the use of mainly paralytic effects; - suppressing a living force in order to force it for a certain time to take protection measures and thus make it maneuver, reduce the speed and accuracy of the fire; This task is performed by the use of stem-disruptive and neuro-paralytic effects; - Scroll (exhaustion) of the enemy in order to make it difficult for his fighting for a long time and cause losses in personnel; This task is solved by using persistent OB; - Infection of the area in order to force the enemy to leave the positions occupied, to reveal or make it difficult to use some areas of the terrain and overcoming barriers .. *

8 Slide

9 Slide

The characteristics of the main oh Nervical Paralytic OB ZARIN GB is a colorless or yellow liquid with almost odorless, which makes it difficult to detect it by external signs. Resistance in summer - how many hours, in winter - a few days. Zaror causes defeat through respiratory organs, leather, gastrointestinal tract. When exposed to Zarina, the affected observed salivation, abundant sweating, headaches, vomiting, dizziness, loss of consciousness, attacks of strong seizures, paralysis and, as a result of strong poisoning, death. Zoman GD is colorless and almost odorless liquid. On many properties, it is very similar to Zarin. The durability of zomane is somewhat higher than that of Zarina; On the human body, it acts about 10 times stronger. VX VX is a little bitten colorless liquid with a resistance of 7-15 days in summer, and in winter, infinitely. V-gases at 100 ± 1000 times toxic than other neuro-paralytic effects. They are characterized by high efficiency in action through skin. Human droplets in the skin of small droplets of V-gases, as a rule, causes the death of a person. *

10 Slide

Representatives: Iprit HD, Luisit L, Iprit - Dark Brown Oil liquid with characteristic odor, garlic or mustard. Its durability on the ground is: in summer - from 7 to 14 days, in winter - month and more. The action of the Iprit is manifested after the period of hidden action. If you get into the skin, the IPRIT is absorbed into it. After 4 - 8 hours on the skin, red and itch appears. After a day, small bubbles are formed, which merge into single large bubbles. The occurrence of bubbles is accompanied by ailment and increasing temperature. After 2 - 3 days, bubbles break through, leaving ulcers that do not heal for a long time. The organs of view are affected by the iprite with insignificantly small concentrations of it in the air and the time of exposure to 10 minutes. Then the lights and tear appears. The disease can last 10 - 15 days, after which the recovery comes. Digestive organs are infected through food. The period of hidden action (30 - 60 minutes) ends with the appearance of pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting; Then the overall weakness occurs, headache, weakening reflexes. In the future, paralysis, sharp weakness and exhaustion. With an unfavorable course, death occurs on 3 - 12 days as a result of a complete decline of forces and exhaustion. *

11 Slide

Scented AC Sinyl Acid and Hlorcian SC, arsenic hydrogen, phosphorous hydrogen. AC Sinyl Acid is a colorless liquid with a smell resembling the smell of bitter almond. Sinyl acid is easy to evaporate and acts only in a vapor state. Characteristic signs of damage to blue acid are: Metal taste in the mouth, throat irritation, numbness of the tip of the tongue, dizziness, weakness, nausea. Dyspnea, slows down the pulse, loss of consciousness sharp cramps. Convulsions are observed relatively long; To change, it comes to complete relaxation of muscles with loss of sensitivity, a drop in temperature, in the oppression of breathing with a subsequent stop. Heart activities after stopping the breath continues for another 3 - 7 minutes. *

12 Slide

Choosing phosgene CG and diphosgen CG2 phosgene - colorless, volatile liquid with a smell of a heavy hay or rotten apples. Resistance 30-50min. The period of hidden action 4 - 6 hours. When inhaling phosgen, a person feels a sweetly unpleasant taste in his mouth, then casing, dizziness and general weakness appear. When leaving the infected air, signs of poisoning quickly pass, the period of so-called imaginary well-being occurs. But after 4 - 6 hours, a sharp deterioration of the state occurs: the blurry of the lips, cheeks, nose is developing rapidly; Overall weakness appear, headache, rapid breathing, strongly pronounced shortness of breath, painful cough with a separation of liquid, foamy, pinkish color sputum indicates the development of pulmonary edema. The process of phosgene poisoning reaches climax within 2 - 3 days. With a favorable course of the disease, the state of health gradually began to improve, and death comes in severe cases. Diffogen has an irritating effect *

13 Slide

Irritating cs, cn, cr. The CS in low concentrations has an irritant effect on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract, and in large concentrations causes burns of open areas of skin, in some cases - palsy of breathing, heart and death. Signs of lesion: strong burning and pain in the eyes and chest, strong tear, involuntary clamp, sneezing, runny nose (sometimes with blood), painful burning in mouth, nasopharynk, in the upper respiratory tract, cough and chest pain. Tears - chloroacetophenone "Cherrych" (named so according to the characteristic odor, bromobenzyl cyanide and chlorpicrin. Toothing occurs at a concentration of 0.002 mg / l, at 0.01 mg / l it becomes intolerable and accompanied by irritation of the skin of the face and neck. At a concentration - 0.08 mg / l and Expositions of 1 min. A man is construed for 15-30 minutes; a concentration of 10-11 mg / l is deadly. It does not act on the eyes of animals. Pirachetative s to this group includes DM agents (adamsit), DA (diphenyl chloroarsin) and DC (diphenyl cyaninsin) ) The defeat is accompanied by irrepressible sneezing, cough and stubble pains. Such concomitant phenomena as nausea, urged to vomiting, headache and pain in the jaws and teeth, a feeling of pressure in the ears, indicate the damage of the nasal sinus. In severe cases, the respiratory tract is possible. leading to a toxic lung edema. *

14 Slide

PsychoChemical Action Representative: Dimethylamide Lizerginic Acid, BI-ZET (BZ) Dimethylamide Lizerginic Acid. When a person gets into the body after 3 minutes, light nausea and the expansion of pupils appear, and then - the hallucinations of hearing and vision, ongoing within a few hours. BI-ZET (BZ) When the action of low concentrations occurs drowsiness and reduction of combat capability. Under the action of large concentrations at the initial stage, rapid heartbeat, dry skin and dryness in the mouth, the expansion of pupils and reduction of combat capability are observed within a few hours. In the subsequent 8h, the stupor and the inhibition of speech occur. Then follows the excitation period, which is ongoing up to 4 days. After 2-3 days. After exposure to 0, the gradual return to normal state begins. *

Subject lesson: Mass lesions and their amazing factors, activities for the protection of the population

• Questions Classes:
• Mass media
• Defeats and them
• Factor striking
• Protection Events
• Population

• Lecturer-organizer
• Korshev Mikhail Valerevich

• Objectives:
• formation of knowledge in the field of civil defense
• application of knowledge and skills in practice

• Graphic dictation
• Control questions:
• Flooding, one of the types of natural disasters of geological nature (yes / no).
• Earthquake, one of the types of hydrological disasters (yes / no).
• Fraud is a manifestation of a terrorist action (yes / no).
• Capturing hostage is a manifestation of a terrorist action (yes / no).
• In December 1994, a unified system of preventing and elimination of emergencies (RSCS) was created (yes / no).
• RSCS is a single system consisting of state levels, which in turn are divided into functional and territorial subsystems (yes / no).
• The RSCS is designed to combine the efforts of government bodies to ensure safety from mass riots (yes / no).

• Currently, of all existing means of defeat to the degree of their impact on the living force of the enemy, its technique and structures are distinguished by weapons of mass lesion (nuclear, chemical and bacteriological) and ordinary weapons.

• Nuclear weapon. The nuclear is called a weapon that affects the action of which is based on the use of intracender energy, which is distinguished by the chain reaction of the separation of heavy nuclei of some isotopes of uranium and plutonium or with thermonuclear fusion reactions of the synthesis of low hydrogen isotopes.

• Agrowing factors of a nuclear explosion. The nuclear explosion is accompanied by a shock wave, light radiation, ionizing radiation (penetrating radiation), radioactive contamination of the terrain and electromagnetic pulse.

• Shock wave - the main striker of the nuclear explosion. The striking effect of the shock wave is characterized by the magnitude of overpressure.
• Light radiation - The flow of radiant energy, which includes visible, ultraviolet and infrared rays. It is able to cause skin burns (skin), the defeat (constant or temporary) organs of the vision of people and the fire of combustible materials and objects.

• Ionizing radiation (penetrating radiation) There is a flow of gamma rays and neutrons. It lasts 10-15 s. Passing through the living fabric, gamma radiation and neutrons ionize molecules included in the cells. Under the influence of ionization in the body, changes occur in biological processes, leading to a violation of the vital functions of the body.
• Fig. Three types of radiation and their penetrating abilities

• Radioactive locality infectionThe surface layer of the atmosphere, airspace, water and other objects occurs as a result of the fallout of radioactive substances from the cloud of the nuclear explosion.

• After the level of radiation level, the main danger for people and animals will be the consumption of food, feed and water contaminated with radioactive substances.
• This danger will be effective years and decades (Fig.).

• Electromagnetic impulse There is a short-term electromagnetic field arising from the explosion of a nuclear ammunition as a result of the interaction of gamma rays and neutrons emitted with a nuclear explosion with an environment atoms. The consequence of its impact may be brave or tributes of individual elements of radio-electronic and electrical equipment.

• Events on the protection of the population from the nuclear explosion
• The most reliable means of protection against all afflicting factors of the nuclear explosion are protective structures (Fig.). In the open area and in the field it is possible to use durable local items, reverse rises of heights and markets.

• Chemical weapons - weapons of mass lesion, the action of which is based on the toxic properties of chemicals.
• Chemical weapons were prohibited by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. Currently, measures are being taken to fully prohibit chemical weapons.
• Chemical weapons include poisoning substances (s) and their means of applying. Rockets, aviation bombs, artillery shells and mines are equipped with poisoning substances.

• Fig. Application using an injalized aviation device (VAP)

• Fig. Means of application of poisoning substances

• According to the human body, OS is divided into:
• neriva-paralytic - VX (VI-X), Zarin,
• skin-disruptive - Iprit et al.,
• suffocating - phosgene, etc.,
• skidovoy - Sinyl Acid and Chlorocian,
• annoying - CS (SI-ES), Adamsit, etc.,
• psychoChemical - BZ (BI-ZET), etc.

• Events on the protection of the population from the use of chemical weapons

• Protection of respiratory and skin bodies

• Protection of respiratory authorities

• Bacteriological weapons are intended for massive damage to the living force, farm animals and crops of crops. The striking effect of this weapon is based on the use of the pathogens of microorganisms - causative agents of diseases of people, animal and agricultural plants.
• As bacterial agents, pathogens of various infectious diseases can be used: plague, Siberian ulcers, brucellosis, supa, tularemia, cholera, yellow (and other species) fever, spring-summer encephalitis, raw and abdominal typhoid, influenza, malaria, dysentery, natural Ose and others.

• Fig. Characteristic features of the use of bacteriological weapons: the deaf gaps of ammunition with the formation of smoke, the corpses of animals, droplets of the liquid near the funnels, sick animals

• As a result of the use of biological weapons and distribution on the area of \u200b\u200bpathogenic bacteria, zones of biological infection and foci of biological lesion can be formed.

• Fig. The characteristic consequences of the use of bacteriological weapons: an unusual cluster of insects (left) or rodents (right)

• Ordinary weapons and its amazing factors
• Conventional weapons are based on the use of explosives and incendiary mixtures. These include artillery, rocket and aviation ammunition, small arms, fugas, mines and other means.
• The most common ammunitions of ordinary means of lesion, which can be used for blows around the cities and settlements, there may be fragmentation battleships, fuzasny air bones, balls of air bombs, an ammunition of a bulk explosion, incendiary weapons.
• We will get acquainted with some kind of ammunition of ordinary weapons and their random factors.

• Shard air bombs Apply for the defeat of people and animals.

• Fugasal air bombs Designed to destroy all sorts of facilities. In comparison with nuclear ammunition, their destructive power is small.

• Ball airbags We are equipped with a huge amount (from several hundred and several thousand) fragments (balls, needles, arrows, etc.) weighing up to several grams.

• Small explosion ammunition Reset off the plane in the form of cassettes. In the cassette there are three ammunition containing about 35 kg of ethylene liquid oxide. In the air there is a division of ammunition.

• Incendiary weapons Depending on the composition, it is divided into: incendiary mixtures based on petroleum products (napalms), metallized incendiary mixtures, thermal compositions, white phosphorus.

• High-precision weapon (WTO) - This is a lesion controlled means, the effectiveness of which is based on the high accuracy of entering the goal.
• The WTO includes:
• - combat missiles of various purposes;
• - managed shells;
• - managed aviation bombs, etc.

• Events for the protection of the population
• from ordinary weapons
• Implementation of civil defense measures aimed at protecting the population, i.e. Training of the population measures for the protection and provision of self-help, carrying out rescue and urgent emergency and restoration work in lesion foci. Although these events are far from exhausting all the activities of civil defense on the preparation of the population to protect against weapons of mass lesion, they constitute its main content.

• PRACTICAL WORK
• Task number 1.
• Agrowing factors of a nuclear explosion.
• Wearing a gas mask.
• Task number 2.
• Means of delivering poisoning substances.
• Wearing a gas mask.
• Task number 3.
• The striking effect of bacteriological weapons. Wearing a gas mask.
• Task number 4.
• Types of ordinary weapons ammunition.
• Wearing a gas mask.
• Report form:
• - Preparation of an answer to theoretical question,
• - Practical testing of gas mask.

• It should be noted that the task of ensuring the security of the country and the population from the hazards arising from the conduct of hostilities or due to these actions remains relevant. Of particular relevance is the need to have and create qualitatively new means of protecting the population and ensure the security of the state.
• Control questions:
• 1. What amazing factors of nuclear weapons do you know?
• 2. List the main types of poisoning substances.
• 3. Name the striking factors of bacteriological (biological) weapons.
• 4. Prepare a message on the topic "The overall characteristic of modern conventional means of lesion."