Many types of snails fall from the type of softwood (Mollusca) in the winter hibernation (for example, all land snails). Garden snails encountered in Bulgaria (Helix Pomatia and N. Lucorum) fall into the winter hibernation in October, and it lasts before April. After a long preparatory period, during which they accumulate in their body the necessary nutrients, the snails find or dig minks so that several individuals can together to be deep underground, where the temperature will be maintained at 7-8 ° C. Well blocking the mink, the snails are descended to the bottom and bow the shell hole up. Then they close this hole, releasing the mucous membrane, which soon hardens and becomes elastic (similar to the film). With a significant cooling and disadvantage of nutrients in the body, snail are riveted even deeper into the ground and form another film, thus creating air chambers playing the role of an excellent insulator. It was established that during a long wintering snow losing more than 20% of their weight, and the biggest loss accounts for the first 25-30 days (up to 10%). This is explained by the fact that all metabolic processes gradually fade in order to achieve a minimum in which the animal flows almost into anabyosis with hardly catchy life functions. During winter hibernation, snail does not eat, heart reductions are extremely slow, breathing almost stops. In the spring, when the first warm days and the soil temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm reaches 8-10 ° C, when vegetation begins to develop and the first rains fall out, snails get out of their winter shelters. Then it begins intensive activities to restore exhausted food reserves in their organism; This is expressed in the absorption of the amount of food in a huge compared to their body.
Water Snails Prudoviki also fall into the state of the hibernation - most of them are breaking into il at the bottom of the reservoir in which they live.
Some animals are sleeping very special. An ordinary person needs at least 8 hours of sleep per day to restore forces for a new day. Excessive sleep duration is smoothly like a non-sleeping sooner or later lead to health problems. Animals also need a dream to stay healthy and strong. And each view has its own preferences, frequency and sleep duration. But from thousands of animal species there are those who sleep very special way.
1. Giraffe.
Giraph needs the shortest sleep time among mammals. In order to sleep, he needs only from 10 minutes to 2 hours of sleep per day. On average, the giraffes sleep about two hours a day.
2. Brown bat.
This bat lives up to 33 years and sleeps usually 19 hours a day.
3. Tolshita Dwarf Lemur.
This lemur is the first tropical primacy, which flows into the hibernation in the summer, contrary to the modern laws of biology. The temperature in which the dwarf lemur flows into the hibernation is about 30 degrees Celsius. At the same time, during hibernation, Lemur does not control the temperature of its body, as a result of which it changes in accordance with the ambient temperature. The duration of his hibernation is 7 months a year.
4. Guinea Pavian.
He sleeps on his heels on the top of the tree. What allows him to be alert in case the enemies will be nearby.
5. Sonya.
This mouse is therefore called Sonya, because it also flows into a hibernation for 6 months in a year or even longer if the ambient temperature remains cool enough. Sometimes Sony wake up for short periods of time to eat the food that they are in advance somewhere nearby.
Sonya has a subfamily - Forest Sony. Their peculiarity is that they can sleep for a long time on the tree branch, ready to awaken at the same moment as the branch albeit even very slightly moving away from the blow of the wind.
6. Reptiles.
Reptiles fall into a special shape of hibernation, in a kind of native. Her difference from hibernation is the features of metabolism. Reptiles periodically wake up to drink water.
7. Frogs.
They are among the most outstanding animals flowing into a hibernation. The northern leopard frog, for example, flows into the winter hibernation at the bottom of the deep lake, far from its ice surface. The body of the frog contains a kind of natural antifreeze in itself, so some species can survive in fade frozen state, without heartbeat and respiration in the course of whole weeks.
8. Swanson Drozd.
This bird is sleeping hundreds of times per day, during flights. Moreover, each such sleep lasts several seconds.
9. Ordinary goat.
The usual goat is known for being the only bird capable of falling into a stupor for long periods of time (from weeks to months). So he spends winter time. Such a long period of discharge is very similar to the hibernation that has not been observed among the birds.
10. Albatross.
These birds are known for sleeping in flight. Even during the flight at their cruising speed of 25 km / h. In addition, Albatrosse is still known to their largest living birds in the wings, reaching 3.7 meters.
11. Ducks.
Ducks and many other birds sleep with one open eye, which allows them to protect themselves from a sudden attack of predators.
At the same time, wild ducks are singing differently, gathering into the group. So that the birds are inside could sleep more deeply, while on the edges ondo the watch.
In total, there are more than 30 different types of frogs. The most common wood frog, leopard frog and frog bull. Frogs are very numerous form of amphibians, so no wonder of many interested in the question where and how winter frogs.
Frogs are different sizes, shapes and coloring. There are even poisonous frogs, but fortunately they are found only in tropical forests. There are very small frogs that live on a tree. Their sizes are not more than 2.5 cm long. The leopard frog happens from 5 to 10 cm. The largest bull frog often has a length of 20 cm and 25 cm. Inappropriate instance of the bull frog has preferably dark green or brown color, so it is difficult to notice among algae or on the orstand.
So the winter frogs
What frogs make in winter? In the regions where cold air prevails with the onset of frosts, the frogs are sealed in the reservoirs, buried in il and there remain throughout the winter. The reservoirs do not freeze entirely, even in the most severe frosts, so the frogs are burned, being as if in the thermos.
Why frogs don't freeze in winter
Frogs refer to cold-blooded, which can live both in water and on land. When the body temperature of the frog becomes the same as the air temperature, the need for oxygen is noticeably reduced, the frog does not eat anything. That is why the frog is capable of staying under water with almost no air.
Do not forget that water also has some oxygen content, which is quite winter enough for frogs. Oxygen penetrates the respiratory system through the skin. Often the frogs are in the hole, which is found on the shore or hide under the stones.
All famous herbal frog is in a hibernation about 160 days. The wintering period depends on the duration of the cold. According to the rewards of research of zoologists, frogs can fall asleep for the winter even for 6 months. But in the last decade, if there is a significant cooling, when the night temperature in March minus 20 degrees, the time of winter hibernation at the frogs reached 200 days. If even the animal and wanted to get out of the pond, the top layer of ice would not give him to do this. The duration of winter hibernation frog depends on the duration of colder. In the north of the frogs, the frogs are 8 months old, in the south - 4.
Do you know the fact that some types of frogs live on trees? These are small wood frogs, which nature has endowed suction cups or small sticky discs on their paws that allow winter water to climb along trees, even in winter.
When you read or hear about amphibians, it becomes interesting how do they carry low temperatures? For example, where the frogs are winter? There are many ways to help amphibians to wait for frosts and keep vitality. They are not able to change and adjust the temperature of their body, but can adapt to environmental conditions. With this task, the frogs cope with "excellent." Each family, kind and type of amphibians have their own set of adaptive changes to help move the cold, frost, drought.
Frogs - inhabitants of water bodies and raw seats
The zoological family of real frogs belongs to the detachment of the elderly amphibian, amphibian class. In rivers, ponds, lakes and swamps of a moderate belt, on wet meadows, in gardens and gardens live a few common species belonging to the Ranidae family (frogs real), genus Rana (frogs):
- L. Lake - R. Ridibunda;
- L. Pond - R. Lessonae
- L. Ostomordaya - R. Arvalis;
- L. Herbal - R. Temporaria.
To find out how the frog is preparing for winter is preparing, you need to find out the preferred habitats of the view of other seasons of the year. For reproduction, all amphibians need water bodies, where the eggs are laid and the development of tadpoles.
Features of breeding frogs
The marriage from most amphibians begins in February-March and lasts until the beginning of June. At this time, males frogs, being in the water, make loud sounds. After fertilization, each female is able to postpone several thousand iconic. In the form of spherical clusters and ribbons, they float at the bottom or surface of the reservoir. From eggs in a week, tadpoles appear. A full cycle of development from eggs to the headstuffs or an adult individual takes several months. Some species are getting warm only on the second or third year of life. The number of sedrated by one female eggs can be from 1000 to 12000. Their mass is killed even before the appearance of tadpoles. Caviar and young are becoming prey of many aquatic animals. Where is frogs and tadpoles? The choice of shelter depends on the behavior of these amphibians.
Lifestyle frogs
Water amphibians are not removed from their habitats all year. Land almost all the time spend in swampy terrain, near the ponds and lakes, in the meadows and in the valleys of rivers. Sometimes they can be found far from water - in the settlements, parks, in the fields. Land frogs are sent to the water bodies mainly during spawning. After his end, adults leave the ponds and go to the places, the richest insects and other invertebrate organisms. In summer, some species go only on the night "hunt". In the spring and autumn it becomes cooler, therefore the day activity increases. What makes a frog in winter on land when the air temperature is significantly reduced? Cold-blooded amphibian tries to climb deep into the ground, under the leaves, where there is more chances to freeze.
How is the frog preparing for winter?
Many amphibians inhabiting in water are at the bottom of the non-freezing places where the cold season can spend. The largest frogs, wintering in the reservoirs of Europe, belong to the form R. ridibunda. The area of \u200b\u200bspreading a lake frog extensive - from the Rhine to Iran. The female body reaches 17 cm long, males are 5 cm shorter. Green and brown and large black and brown spots prevail in coloring. A light strip passes on his back, and a marble pattern is well noticeable on the trouser. Lakey frogs are all the time in reservoirs, even inhabit deep rapid-aunts. What makes a frog in winter? The behavior of the cold-blooded animal depends on the climate of the terrain and weather conditions. The lake frog begins to prepare for hibernation at a water temperature of about 6-9 ° C. With further cooling, adult individuals and tadpoles are buried into the bottom Il. At the bottom of the lakes, rivers and deep ponds they spend the whole winter, and breathe through the skin.
Where is the frogs living on land?
The land lifestyle is a frogs of herbal and pointed (swamp). The view of R. Temporaria in size is inferior to R. ridibunda. Its length does not exceed 11 cm, brown painting on top with dark stripes, belly - grayish-white. This is one of the most common amphibians in the northern and middle lane of Eurasia. How is a frog ready for winter with a land lifestyle? At the occurrence of autumn cold, the search for a secluded place begins. For wintering frog suitable:
- pits with a bunch of foliage;
- mink rodents and emptiness in the ground;
- pipple stumps;
- big stones;
- lowly located hollow trees;
- cellars.
How to spend the winter amphibian from the Kvakshi or Wood Family (Hylidae)?
Kvauckles are small-sized tailless frogs, usually green. Delivered on trees and shrubs, clinging behind the irregularities of the bark suckers on the paws. At night, Kwakshi descend from trees down in search of food, but for breeding preferred moisture accumulations in the hollows of trees, leaf outlets. Wintering tree frogs differs from wintering water amphibians. In terms of living, they are more reminded of land representatives of the Ranidae family. The most common types of quacshy genius are most common in the middle lane: K. Ordinary, K. Najaiai, K. Far Eastern. In the fall of the wood, they break into the forest litter, hide in the dupes, badges, under the stones. Before the beginning of wintering, the painting of amphibians darkens, in their body there are more carbohydrates, which protects from death in the frost. Spring quanks are thawing and sent to seek spawning places.
Why cold-blooded amphibians do not die from frosts?
Where do they disappear for the winter frogs living on land and in water? Land in the fall is trying to climb deep into the ground, under the leaves, where no more chances do not freeze. Some amphibians fall into deep hibernation. Before the frogs go into rest mode, they must find a suitable place for hibernation both on land and in water. In the cold months, they lie motionless in their asylums, being in peace. In sleep mode, all the processes of vital activity in the body slow down. The temperature in winter shelter can drop to minus marks. Woods sometimes remain alive even after freezing. In the role of "antifreeze" carbohydrates in the blood and urea. Representatives of other families may die from frost. With the onset of the first heat at the end of winter and at the beginning of the spring, the frogs, which were at rest, begin to return to their usual life.
Value of wetlands for frogs
For winter shelters, the amphibian uses bottom yl, squigs, plants clusters. Land frogs in winter in a temperate belt fall into the hibernation, finding for this secluded places. In the spring and summer they need water for breeding. After winter peace, when it becomes warmer, they are sent to lakes and ponds. The process of mating, spawning and the development of tadpoles takes a large period of time. Many land species of the marriage starts on the road from wintering places to spawning. Interestingly, females sometimes help the males move the journey, carrying them on the back. Frogs are molded to caviar in reservoirs with standing water, choosing for this purpose any suitable places: ponds, ditches and puddles. The name of the "amphibian" class is reminiscent of the role of habitat for this group of animals. Many types of amphibians live in lakes, rivers, swamps. They feed on insects, which are found in the reservoirs, they themselves are food for larger animals. Thus, frogs are an important part of the power circuits.
Adaptive mechanisms of amphibians
Finding out what makes a frog in winter, it can be argued: adaptation to environmental conditions for them is very important. Especially great endurance are distinguished species living in the northern part of a moderate belt. In the organisms of winter species of amphibians, significant changes occur:
- the content of glucose in the blood increases;
- the concentration of urea in the body increases;
- organ systems slow down or stop their work;
- motor activity stops;
- no breathing;
- the heart is not beating.
The role of urea in adaptation scientists is assessed high. Increasing its content can perform the role of the "starting mechanism" to go to the hibernation state. Devices in the form of deep peace are found not only in species living in forest and steppe zones. Just like frogs winter in a moderate belt, spend hot and dry season tropical amphibians. There are advantages in this lifestyle. Amphibians do not have to spend energy to combat cold or heat.
Not so important where frogs are winter. Almost all of them after the state of rest retain vitality and immediately begin to reproduce.
Frogs, more precisely, the real frogs of the elderly amphibian family are distributed almost everywhere: they can be found on all the continents of the planet with the exception of South America and part of Australia. The distribution area also includes the zones of the Polar Circle, where the average annual temperature is extremely low.
In addition, there are some representatives of this species that dwells exclusively in those areas where there is a sharp continental climate. This is confirmed by Siberian charcoles. These frogs are resistant to low temperatures: they can lead a normal lifestyle at T -15 C without slowing the metabolism.
The possibility of existence under conditions with low temperatures provides unique substances in blood based on glucose. They have the effect of "antifreeze", not allowing to make freezing vital organs.
Frogs are reserves in the warm season a large amount of glucose. As noted above, this secret and allows you to survive the winter without severe consequences for the body.
If the level of glucose level is exceeded in the blood of a frog, it flows into someone, thereby staying in anabyosis when all processes begin to flow very slowly. To the question of what makes a frog in winter, you can safely answer that it "slows down" all its processes associated with the metabolism, being in a state close to coma.
It should also be noted that when choosing a place for wintering a frog prefers the soil. These types of amphibians are burned to a depth of 5-10 cm. In addition, some species are able to easily winter in the reservoirs, provided that there is a sufficient amount of oxygen in water.
The ability of frogs to adapt in various harsh climatic conditions is truly very unique. Representatives of some animals with fur cover are not as successful in how to overweight the cold season, compared with frogs.
Despite its fragile appearance and harmless behavior, frogs can survive in the most severe climate of the planet. They live for the polar circle, in the deserts, in wet rainforests and almost everywhere. Some of the ways of their survival are quite ingenious. Various types of frogs fall into summer and / or winter hibernation to cope with extreme conditions.
Winter hibernation is a reaction to a cold winter in a temperate climate. An animal finds or creates a "living space" (Hibernacles), which protects it from winter cold and predators. After that, the metabolism of substances in the body slows down significantly, and the animal "sleeps" all winter using its own energy reserves. When spring comes, the animal "wakes up" and chooses from Hibernaculaum to work in search of food and reproduction.
Water frogs, such as a leopard frog and a large North American bull frog, usually winter under water. A widespread misconception is that these frogs spend the winter under water, as well as water turtles: drowning into the rod at the bottom of the pond or stream. In fact, the winter frogs will begin to suffer from a lack of air if they go to IL for a long time. The metabolism of winter turtles slows down so much that there is enough small amount of oxygen in Tine to maintain life. However, most wintering frogs are needed by oxygen-saturated water, so they spend most of the time lying on the bottom or half jerking into the ground. They can even slowly swim from time to time.
Ground frogs are usually winter on land. American toads and other frogs, being excellent farms, buried deep into the ground, below the level of soil freezing. Some frogs, such as wood and quaches, are not adapted to digging, and instead they are looking for deep cracks and cracks in logs or rocks or ripped in a bunch of leaves. Such a shelter does not feel so well from the cold and can freeze along with its owner.
And nevertheless, the frogs do not die. What is the riddle? The answer is simple: antifreeze! Ice crystalline is truly formed in body cavities, in the bladder and under the skin, but the high concentration of glucose in living fabrics prevents freezing. A partially frozen frog will stop breathing, and her heart will stop fighting. And look like this condition from the side will be like death. But when the place of the hibernation starts to heat and frozen pieces of the frog will start thawed, her heart and lungs will earn again!
It turns out, "life after death" exists!
Summer hibernation reminds winter. In such a dormant state, the animal is immersed in response to changing environmental conditions, in which case there is already a long drought in some tropical regions. It is known that several types of frogs fall into summer hibernation. Of these, the two most famous are the North American bull frog and the South American slingshot.
When the dry season begins, these frogs are buried in the soil and "fall asleep". During a long drought, which can last a few months, they create a skillful case. It is formed from exhausting whole layers of the skin and completely envelops the body of the animal. Only nostrils remain unclipped to breathe. The frogs remain in their coccoints throughout the drought, and with the arrival of the rainy season, they are exempt from "shackles" and choose through the wet soil to the surface. Such a mechanism saves them from extinction.
The seed reproduction of the habitual strawberries of Sadovaya, unfortunately, leads to the emergence of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries is an alpine strawberry, you can successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this culture, consider the main varieties and features of agrotechnology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether to allocate her place in the berry.
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One of the most amazing large-flower Cudbolas Dominican is fully justified by the status of a tropical miracle. The heat-loving, slow-growing, with huge and in many ways unique bells of flowers, Kubola - a fragrant star with a difficult character. It requires special conditions of maintenance in the rooms. But for those who are looking for exclusive plants for their interior, the best (and more chocolate) candidate for the role of indoor giant does not find.
Curry from chickpeas with meat - satisfying dish for lunch or dinner, cooked based on Indian cuisine. This curry is preparing quickly, but requires pre-training. You need to pre-dunk in a large amount of cold water for several hours, better for the night, water can be changed several times. The meat is also better to leave for the night marinade so that it is juicy and gentle. Then you should boil the chick to readiness and then prepare recipe curry.
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3 delicious sandwich - sandwich with cucumber, sandwich with chicken, sandwich with cabbage and meat - an excellent idea for fast snack or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little seasoning. In these sandwiches, there is no Luka, if you wish, you can add pickled on the balsamic vinegar in any of the sandwiches, this taste will not spoil. Quickly cooking snacks, it will stay to gather a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.
Depending on the varietary group, the age of seedlings suitable for landing into open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, medium ripening time - 55-60 and later deadlines - at least 70 days. When planting tomatoes seedlings in a younger age, its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But the success in obtaining high-quality yields of tomatoes also depends on the thorough fulfillment of the basic rules for disembarking seedlings in open ground.
Unpretentious "second plan" plants of Sansevieri do not seem boring topics who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative-deciduous stars suitable for collections that require minimal care. Stable decorativeness and extreme endurance only in one type of sanseviercy are also combined with compactness and very rapid growth - the sockets of Sanseseieri Khan. Collectable sockets of their hard leaves create striking groups and patterns.
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Meat with mushrooms in a frying pan - inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for ordinary lunch and for the festive menu. Pork will prepare quickly, veal and chicken - also, so this meat is preferably for the recipe. Mushrooms - Fresh champignons, in my opinion, the most successful choice for homely stew. Forest gold - Boroviki, butter and other youths are better to harvest for the winter. The boiled rice or potato mashed potatoes is perfect as a side dish.
I love decorative shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial coloring foliage. I have a different Japanese spirea, Barbaris Tunberg, black elderberry ... and there is one special shrub that will tell in this article - a bubbler Kalinoliste. To implement my dream of a garden that does not require much care, he, perhaps, is suitable. At the same time, it is capable of very diversifying a picture in the garden, and with spring and to autumn.
How preparing for the winter frog and how the frogs will find out from this article.
How is the frog getting ready for winter?
The frog in the winter goes into the hibernation. Like other animal frogs before hibernic, do focus on food and accumulation of relatively large nutrient reserves. Before you fall into the winter hibernation, the amphibians begin restructuring the operation of the hormonal system.
Frogs garlic They begin to prepare for winter in September-October. They, buried deeper, and even in general, they are in other people's asylums. Very often they can be seen wintering in wells and cellars.
Lake Frogs With a decrease in temperature reduce their activity and go into hibernation. They winter such frogs at the very bottom of the reservoirs, migrating in the fall there. Winter amphibians are very often assembled under hanging shores or carefully hidden in underwater vegetation.
In different climatic zones, they go to wintering not at one time. For example, in the mountains, the winter hook begins much earlier than on the plain. Some lake frogs remain active even in the cold. By the way, in the non-freezing source, the spring in Baghery, waking frogs are not rare even at the minus air temperature (up to -4 °) throughout the year. Most of the lake amphibians flow into a shallow sleep - they are sluggish, but at the same time they are not deprived of the ability to jump and swim. If the animal is disturbed - it moves without much difficulty and is covered elsewhere.
Herbal frogs We are overwhelmed in flow streams, rivers, dutches, and the like. And sometimes overcome the path to the wintering place long distances. At the same time, one of the main requirements is the saturation of water oxygen. There are herbal frogs at the bottom, in the thickets of water vegetation themselves, or not far from the shore in the sand.
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