"Tahtai"
The state biological reserve of the regional value with a total area of \u200b\u200b14367 hectares is located on the territory of the Ermakovsky district. The main goal of its creation is to protect the mass reproduction of mammals (moose, maral, roe), moose crystal clusters and maras, as well as spawning places of valuable salmon fish.
In addition, the main objectives of the Takhtai reserve includes the maintenance of optimal conditions for breeding and migration of animals, the preservation and reproduction of the plant world, including the types listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as environmental monitoring and research work .
Creating the reserve "Tahtay" was announced back in 2004 as part of the WWF shares "Gift Earth". Then the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Alexander Khloponin promised to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe PAs in the edge of two times.
"Zhura"
The reserve is located in the central part of the Balahtinsky district. Its area is 27.5 thousand hectares. The purpose of the organization is to create conditions for the reproduction of hunting resources, the preservation of rare and under threat of extinction of animal and plants.
14 species of animals live on the territory of the reserve and six species of plants listed in the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main ways of migration of Kosley are also located within the boundaries of the protected area. Every year there are over 100 individuals.
"TIBINSKY"
Located on the territory of the Irbean district. The area of \u200b\u200bthe protected area is 60 thousand hectares.
On the territory of the reserve there are Sapsan, the taughty, black stork, gray crane, taimen, elk, maral, kabagra, lynx, sable, mink, dehumiere, Tewer, Harius. Employees of the reserve ensure the protection of wild animals and their habitats, systematically conduct accounting of the number of protected animals, feed them, save their distressive animals and assist them.
The reserve is prohibited by hunting and fishing, the collection of eggs, construction, ameliorative work, including the drainage of the marshes and the hide of the river bed, the use of nadochymiruses, the disintegration of land and cutting down. Visiting the reserve without a special permission is also prohibited.
"Kandat"
Educated in 1974 on the territory of the Tujtetsky, Bigulus and Byrilus districts in order to preserve, restore and reproduction of river beaver, as well as other valuable hunting and fishing species of animals and fish together with their habitat. Since 2013, the goal of the reserve is to preserve and restore the number of rare and endangered species of animals and plants, protection and reproduction of hunting resources, animal species, valuable in economic, scientific and aesthetic relations, as well as the protection of their habitats.
"Mashukovsky"
Located in the territory of Motginsky and Taseyevsky districts. Created in 2004 to protect and reproduce the hunting and fishing species of animals, preserving and restoring the number of rare and endangered species of animals and birds, as well as their habitats.
The reserve is the most important link for the protection of Siberian roeblers and a particularly significant habitat of a large group of elk during migration and wintering.
Reserve "Agap"
Sapsana's nesting place and urban barrels. The reserve is located on the territory of the Taimyr municipal district, on the left bank of the River Tileyna. Area - 90 thousand hectares.
Educated in 2013 in order to preserve rare and endangered species of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Here are inhabited in special attention: Blinding Gagara, Red Country Casher, Small Swan, Steppe Lun, Orlan-Belochpów, Sapsan, Chernozey Gagara, West Tund Humenik, Sick, White Owl, Zimnyak, East Clum.
Among the plants, the security is subject to: Necessacre Arkosibirsk, Single-Flood, Pyreneik, High Arctic, Goldistorette, Karlov Skiptere, Northern Squeezer, Montalipis Asian, Dandelion Koryakov and other species.
Representatives of the indigenous small peoples of the North are allowed economic activity within the boundaries of the allocated areas, as well as the traditional fishery, except for the types of animal and birds listed in the Red Book.
The employees of the reserve take care of the preservation of the natural complexes of the Agap River Valley, in particular, the nurses that are potentially suitable for the nesting of the Sapsana and the Red Corrigs, support optimal conditions for the preservation, restoration and reproduction of the objects of the animal world.
Reserve "Krasnoyarsk"
The PAs is formed in the territory within a radius of 50 km around the regional capital. The Krasnoyarsky reserve is located on the lands of Berezovsky, Balachtinsky, Emelyanovsky, Mansky districts, the city of Divnogorsk and the suburbs of Krasnoyarsk. The total area is 348,314 thousand hectares
Krasnoyarsk was formed on April 20, 2010 in order to preserve the biological and landscaped diversity of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as forests around the city.
Under the protection of birds and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. These include: Kabarga, Koslie Siberian, Maral, Lynx, River Otter, Black Stork, Swan-Clikun, Berkut, Motley Drozd, Gray Duck and about 40 species of birds. In addition, fish is guarded: Valek, River Sig, Tait, about ten species of insects and 20 plants.
In the reserve it is forbidden to clog the earth with waste, burn grass, lead the hunt, wash vehicles within the coastal strip of rivers, streams and lakes, cut down a forest on an industrial scale. At the same time, it is allowed to relax here, put tents, collect berries and mushrooms for your own needs.
Reserve "Turukhansky"
Under the special protection there are swan-clikun and an eagle-whiteoker. Turukhansky is located on the territory of the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its southern, southeast and southwestern borders take place on the borders of the Central Siberian State Reserve. From other sides, the reserve is limited by the banks of the North River, includes basins of the rivers of the Varlamki, the fork and the birch river. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 126.9 thousand hectares.
The Tourukhan reserve was organized in 1981 for the protection and reproduction of hunting and fishing species of animals, preserving and restoring the number of rare and endangered species of animals and birds, as well as to protect their habitats.
On the territory inhabit: inhabit, orlan-Belochvost, Filin, Swan-Clikun, North Forest Deer. The reserve the hunting and fishing species of animals are also found, which are also protected: elk, sable, deaf, Ryabchik. Elovo-cedar forests predominate in the reserve, birch and larch are found.
It is forbidden to hunt here, and you can only fish on a specially designated area under the control of huntsmen. Tourism and other forms of organized holidays on the territory are prohibited.
Reserved zone - These are special areas of the territories on which the disappearing types of flora and fauna grow and live. All terrain of this territory retains its pristine habitat: soil, relief, reservoirs, natural landscape. This is a checked and protected area where it is impossible to hunt and arrange picnics with fires. Any activity: cutting down forests, planting cultivated plants, fishing and other things here is prohibited. Often in reserves just so independently move it is possible and cannot be possible, but there are separate territories in which the wildlife is allowed to pass and admire. In order to make something like this, it is necessary to obtain permission from the Ministry of Environment of the Russian Federation or the leadership of the protected area. Our country is rich in beautiful untouched natural places, one of which is the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Large Arctic Reserve, which is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
It was founded by the protected zone in 1993 and is the leader in Eurasia among protected natural territories. The area of \u200b\u200bterritory is 2,007, 069 thousand hectares. The reserve includes a part of the Taimyr Peninsula, near the Wild Islands, sea spaces, bays, rivers and bays in this area. The protected area is divided into 35 contours.
It is a reserve two natural sides: the Arctic deserts, as well as the Arctic tundra, in which most occupies a long-term Merzlot from 0.200 to 0.900 km. Nine months a large arctic area of \u200b\u200bnature is covered with snow cover, which falls in October and completely thaws only in June.
More than 162 species of higher wild plants grow here, 89 species of moss, fifteen species of mushrooms, among which there are white fibers, seventy types of lichens. The fauna is also diverse, but behind the numbers by type of flora.
Poohoral reserved Krasnodar region
The Square of the Poohoral Reserve is 1887,000 hectares, it is located in the Polarian of the Krasnodar Territory, in the northwestern part of the Meshnessism Plateau, which is the south of the Taimyr Peninsula. Named the territory of the reserve in honor of Plateau Putorano. Created it to preserve the beauty of nature in natural form. Here dwells, recorded in the Red Barman of the Russian Federation. Also, these places are known for the most incredibly large population of northern wild deer. The reserve is listed by the Natural Monument of UNESCO World Heritage Site, thanks to the richest and beautiful connection of the Taiga, the Arctic desert, the mountain range, Fondra, virgin lakes, rivers and waterfalls in one place. 
Krasnoyarsk Territory
The territory in the area is relatively not a large 47.2 thousand hectares, the reserve was created at the request of the Krasnoyarsk, who wanted to keep the poles - cliffs of an unusual form.
Poles are allowed for visiting tourist brigades. It is allowed to spend time among the indescribable beauty of wildlife, and even do climbing. Clean air, a beautiful environment has excellent communication and new acquaintances. This type of tourism even appeared the name - "Pulbness". In this reserve, in more often the forests are still "wild pillars", to which the passage is prohibited.
The protected zone is also rich in various kinds of animals, birds and plants, some of the bottom are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Someone will certainly be lucky to see the rarest birds and mammals in a wild natural environment. 
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rich in the reserves, there are eight of them:
- Central Siberian Reserve;
- Pillars;
- Petoral State Natural Reserve Zone;
- National Park "Shushensky Bor";
- Krasnoyarsk big Arctic reserve;
- Taimyr Reserved Zone;
- Biosphere Reserve "Sayano-Shushensky" on the State Store;
- Tungus Reserve.
Krasnoyarsk Territory is unusual and beautiful, rich in natural fossil, Flora, fauna. In the reserves of this edge, nature has retained its virgin beauty. Each at least once in life should visit these luxury untouched places.
The State Natural Reserve "Krasnoyarsk pillars" is located close to the city feature. On three sides, the natural boundaries are the right tributaries of the Yenisei. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve covers 47, 2 thousand hectares. The first data on pillars are dated to the 80s of the 18th century, but only a century, the Krasnoyarsk nature lovers began to visit these edges not only for hunting, but also for climbing. And at the end of the XIX - the beginning of the twentieth century it was a favorite place of recreation of residents of the city and came here travelers. And in 1925, the reserve was created on the initiative of residents of the city. Thus, the Krasnoyarshs sought to preserve the unique and richest natural complexes around amazing "pillars", representing volcanic shenitic remains.
There are about a hundred cliffs on the territory of the reserve, each of which the people gave a talented names, such as the "lion gates", "Gemini", "Grandfather", "feathers", "Mittens" and others. Rocks are divided into two categories - the "pillars" actually open for tourists, as well as "wild pillars" - located in the remote corners of the Rock Reserve, access to which is limited.
Nowadays, like 150 years ago, the residents of Krasnoyarsk are happy to visit the "pillars" in order to rest or work out with mountaineering and other sports. In many years, the existence of the reserve has developed a whole public movement "Pulpism", whose representatives are engaged in climbing and communicate in natural conditions in an informal setting. Out of doubt, having visited here at least once, you remember these places for life.
Poohoral reserve
The reserve was founded in 1988. Scientists have long investigated the territory of Plateau Putorano. They were interested in a variety of flora and fauna, whose representatives exist perfectly in the area where the large accumulation of mountains, canyons, tectonic lakes and waterfalls. These are mainly rare species listed in the Red Book.
Only in the Poohorana Reserve can only be found a white burglar, a snowy sheep, Berkut, a small swan, cream and many other disappearing animals and birds.
Excursions are often held in the reserve and lectures are arranged. It is impossible to approach the animals, it is allowed to observe only from afar. This is one of the touches to the wild. To get to the reserve, you must familiarize yourself with the rules of your stay, which is on the official website, and also make an excursion by phone.
The Poohoral State Natural Reserve is located on the territory of the two districts of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug - Khatanga and Dudinsky, as well as in Ilimsk district. The center of the reserve is fully occupied by a Phaioral mining system. Realities have a total area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 1.8 million hectares.
This protected area includes 3 cordon today: Lake Dupkun, Lake Dog and Lake Manumakli. As well as 2 hospital for scientific purposes: lake Ayan and Lake Kutaramakan.
History of the Reserve
The Poohoral Reserve (map above) was formed from the reserve with the same name only in 1988, despite the fact that the question of his organization was considered back in 1970. In 2001, a significant event occurred - the reserve received a nomination for the assignment of status, allowing it to be among one of the objects of natural and cultural heritage of the UNESCO World Organization.
Poohoral Reserve: Climate
In the Poohoranian Reserve, the climate is distinguished by a sharp continentality with a high amplitude of temperatures. This indicator in the East is 100 ° C, and in the north - 86 ° C. Polar day lasts 74 days (May 16 - July 29), and the polar night - 56 days (November 25 - January 13).
In a Power Plateau, the geographical zonality is very clearly visible, which cannot be said about other regions of Russia. In different parts of the plateau, their landscapes were formed, significantly differing among themselves, despite the fact that this territory has the same geological and morphological structure. The plateau is located in the place of crossing the long-lasting and latitudinal areas. It is characterized by moderate and subarctic climatic belts, which means the passage of the main boundary of the two types of landscape belonging to the highest taxonomic rank.
Human activity
Poohoral mining system, especially if we talk about its southern, northern and eastern parts, very widely indigenous inhabitants of the region were used in the past for conducting fisheries, hunting and breeding of reindeer. Such methods of using natural resources, traditional for the Far North, have been influenced in a certain way on the vegetable and animal world of the mining plateau. Very clearly, such an anthropogenic impact affected the change in the number of inseparable species, which in the first of all refers to the population of the Phaluchno Snow Barman.
Negative impact of human activity
In the Poohoranian reserve, the charming wild was never exposed to a strong effect of man, which allowed the surrounding natural world to leave practically in untouched. In this region, the human activity was manifested only in the occupation of indigenous people in fishing, hunting and breeding of reindeer.
However, as a result of such an influence, the number of local endemics - a pilo snow ram, a slightly less, the population of moose, wild reindeer, wolves, Mornostayev, Sobolov, Wolves and Pestzov became not much less decreased.
Industrial enterprises in this region are a bit. Among them, the main object that affects the nature of the surrounding zone in a negative way, is a large mining and metallurgical plant located in Norilsk. It is located near the western border of the Poohoral Reserve, at a distance of approximately 150-200 kilometers from her. It is engaged in this enterprise of the extraction of metal ore and smelting of metals, so there are always emissions of dirty air, in which heavy metal oxides, sulfur, carbon and dust are contained.
All this very negatively affects nature and ultimately leads to a change in the vegetation cover in the western part of both the Phaluoric reserve and the security zone. In the scientific literature, you can find a lot of information about the impact of industrial emissions to local plants, while the employees of the reserve do not conduct their own studies. The exact size of the area is still not fixed, which is exposed to harmful industrial emissions. According to some preliminary estimates, the operation of the Mining and Metallurgical Combine in Norilsk is negatively reflected in about 1/10 of the Square of the Poohoral Reserve and 1/3 of the Security Zone.
Natural objects
In the reserve, the central natural object is considered an extensive plateau of the Puratorna, which covers an area of \u200b\u200babout 2.5 million hectares. In medium Siberia, it is considered the largest trapping basalt plateorem. In the post-Soviet space, there is no more relief of this type anywhere. It is worth noting that economic activity has not been done on the plateau never in history.
Hydrological objects are presented in the reserve the river-having fun rivers - Khatangi, Tileyans and the largest - Yenisei.
The Puritan reserve has many waterfalls that give it an incredible beauty. Here is the highest waterfall in Russia (108 meters).
The numerous lakes of the Poistoral Reserve are famous for its uniqueness and great depth, within 180-420 meters.
Vegetation
In the Power Reserve, where the wildlife of Russia is revealed in all its glory, there are 398, which is 61% of the entire plateau flora. Among them is to celebrate rare plants, for example, the poppy white, the shoe spotted, Rhodiola pink and a swimsuit Asian. Endemics of Pouotnian - Mac Movetroy, Kaluzhnitsa Late and Ostrodeller Poorator, among endemics of the Mountain Surrague systems and Poooran - oatmeal, and endemics of the Siberian North are represented by the dandelion of the long-legged, the ostrichnik, Taimyr and Slices, long-term.
Ground animals
The Poohoral Reserve unites vertebrate taiga, tundra, forest and other widespread animals living in the mountains. Plateau is the northern border of the distribution of many species, including a sable, lynx, proteins of ordinary, moose, supervisators, forest lemming, row-pot, cooper and ordinary deaf, dyatlov, hawk, deaf and ordinary cuckoo, many types of sparrows, cuckoo detits other animals.
This region of the northern part of the Central Siberia is the main place of nesting Orlana-Belochprot and Dresset. For the southeastern part, the nesting of the Krischnepa-Baby, and in the center of Plateau Putuan, most of the population of the Poohoral Snow Barman lives. Here are found in large quantities of bears, wolves and wolverines, playing local biocenoses far from a latter role.
Seasonal migrations of a large number of wild reindeers are considered a unique and very bright phenomenon of the animal world of the Poorinsky Reserve. An important part of the array of migration paths is a Poyoral Plateau, through which almost the entire population of Taimyr deer passes (about 450-480 thousand individuals). On the plateau throughout the year they are about 5-6 months. It takes a non-trap front from 100 to 150 kilometers, so it can be concluded that there is a so-called migration channel here, which permits every year to 220 thousand wild reindeers.
Amneremen: Siberian Angle
This is the only animal from the class of amphibians, presented on a PLAUTA. A characteristic view for the entire Taiga region of Russia, common to the northern regions to the Zone of Forestandra, almost to its northern borders. Nevertheless, the Siberian corner is very rare is for the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and is often found only in the upper reaches of the river River Tunguska in pine forests.
In the center of the Poohoran Reserve of this representative of amphibians, they found back in July 1982 on Lake Harpich. Therefore, the case of finding the Siberian coal from the number of four individuals in the center of Pamporal mountains at an altitude of 481 meters is a very important event and is a certain interest in the point of view of zoogeography.
Endemic Reserve - Petoral Snow Baran
The Poohoral Reserve is the only region where one of the biggest little intricate animals in the world lives - a polar snow ram, or a fat man. It is highlighted here in a separate subspecies and is included in the Red Book of the Soviet Union, and now Russia. His living range is the central region of the Power Mountains, at a distance of hundreds of kilometers from the region of distribution of the remaining subspecies of the Snow Baran.
Water world Puratorna
There are 36 species of fish in the water reserve in the waters of rivers. There are many endemic species, such as Siberian Harius, Sigov Fish and Goltsy. Most of them have been studied still not enough, their taxonomic status is not defined. The presence of many intravidal forms to a large extent increases the variety of fish of this protected zone.
Main protected species
The following types are protected from mammals most carefully protected: snow ram, elk, ermine, reindeer, ondatra, sable, lynx, brown bear. From birds - Greets, Piskulka, Owl hawk, Orlen-Belochvost, Burfold, and Stone, Crane black, Hawk-aunt, swan small.
The most protected fish species are represented by the Harius Siberian, Muksun, Sigom Ussuriysky and the Arctic Goltz, and as for amphibians, it is protected only by the coal corner of Siberian.
Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
In total, seven reserves were created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Russia in August last year it was decided to unite the Krasnoyarsk reserves. Poistoral, Taimyr, large Arctic reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were combined.
Taimyr reserves have a lot of tourist attractions. These are lakes, gorge, plateau and mountain caves. Despite the remoteness of this place, the number of visitors is constantly growing. The Directorate of Taimyr Reserves has developed the following projects of tourist excursions: Environmental, event, cognitive and ethnotourism.
Introduction
1. Especially protected natural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2.1 State Natural Reserve "Pillars"
2.2 Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve
2.3 Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve
2.4 Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve
2.5 Poohoral Reserve
2.6 Big Arctic State Natural Reserve
2.7 Tungussky Reserve
2.8 National Park "Shushensky Bor"
2.9 Natural Park "Ergaki"
Bibliography
Introduction
Since 1600, about 150 species of animals have died out on our planet, moreover, over the past 50 years. In the 20th century it became obvious that it was necessary to take special measures to save the animal and plant world. No one should prove to anyone how modern people are able to influence the live nature. Less and less remains untouched corners of nature. Each year, the Red Book is replenished with disappearing representatives of the animal and vegetable world.
The reserve - the USSR-specific form of PAs, practically no analogues in the world, only in Russia the reserve is not only protected by territory, but also by a scientific institution. Education and activities of state nature reserves are regulated by Section 2 of the Federal Law on the PAs, according to which (Article 1.2) "on the territory of state natural reserves is fully covered from the economic use of specially protected natural complexes and objects (earth, water, bowel, vegetable and animal The world), having environmental, scientific, ecological and educational importance as samples of a natural environment, typical or rare landscapes, places of preserving the genetic fond of the vegetable and animal world.
State nature reserves are environmental protection, research and environmental-educational institutions that have the goal for the preservation and study of the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, a genetic foundation of plant and animal peace, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique environmental systems. Earth, water, subsoran, vegetable and animal world, located in the territories of state natural reserves, are provided for use (possession) of state natural reserves in the rights provided for by federal laws. "
In this paper, consider the main protected areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the features of their position.
1. Especially protected natural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
For the protection of wild animals, protected areas are created - reserves, reserves, national parks. Here animals are protected by law.
Reserves (reservations) are one of the most effective forms of preservation of landscapes in immunity - these are areas of sushi or water spaces, on which any human activity is prohibited. In the reserve, all natural objects are subject to protection, ranging from rocks, water bodies, soils and ending with representatives of the animal and plant world.
Reserves serve as peculiar wildlounds of wildlife, and also allow its unique phenomena or rare animal and plants in the original form.
Reserves play a huge role in the salvation of nature, including rare animals. They also act as scientific centers for the study of nature. They develop methods for preserving, restoration and rational use of valuable fishing animals (sable, beaver, deer, elk).
State natural reserves, are areas that are of particular importance to maintain or restore natural complexes or their components and maintaining an ecological balance. According to status, they are divided into reserves of federal and regional importance, according to the profile on;
complex (landscape) intended to preserve and restore natural complexes (natural landscapes);
biological (zoological, botanical) intended to preserve and restore rare and endangered species of plants and animals, as well as valuable species in economic, scientific and cultural relations;
paleontological intended to save fossil objects;
hydrological (marsh, lake, river, marine), designed to preserve and restore valuable water objects and environmental systems, and geological.
To save the fauna, in addition to reserves and reserves, national (or natural) park are created, which, unlike the reserve, part of their territory opens to visit tourists and holidaymakers, but in the park there are completely protected areas.
Krasnoyarsk Territory is a huge territory located in the East Siberian region of Russia. The geographical position of our region in many ways can be called unique. On its territory there is a geographical center of Russia - Lake Vivi, located in Evenkia. The location of the center of Russia is approved by the Federal Geodesy Service and Cartography of Russia. The very northernmost point of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Cape Chelyuskin - is the extreme polar tip of Eurasia and the northernmost point of Russia and the mainland parts of the planet.
Six reserves are organized on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, three of them are biosphere, i.e. Work on a special program of the United Nations; This is Sayano-Shushensky and Central Siberian and Taimyr reserves; State sample reserves are also: poles and a Puorator. The most modern reserve is a big arctic.
In total, seven reserves were created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Table 1), as well as the National Park "Shushensky Bor", Ergaki Natural Park.
In total, three state-owned natural reserves of federal significance and 27 state natural reserves of the regional importance were created. It is planned to create another 39 state natural reserves.
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory 51, the object has the status of a monument of the nature of the region.
Table 1 - State Natural Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2.1 State Natural Reserve "Pillars"
Purpose. Preservation of unique geological formations and natural complexes around them. The most valuable and well-known natural complexes around the picturesque rock formations - the Senitite Ostans are "pillars" who gave the name to the reserve, as well as karst and caves.
Currently, its area is 47154 hectares.
The reserve is located on the right bank of the Yenisei, on the northwestern spurs of East Sayan, bordering a medium-grained plateorem. The natural borders of the protected territory are the right-hand tributaries of the Yenisei River: in the northeast - the Bazaja River, in the south and south-west - the River Man and Big Sliznev. From the north-east, the territory borders on the suburbs of Krasnoyarsk
On the territory of the reserve, a tourist-sightseeing area was allocated to meet the recreational needs of the residents of Krasnoyarsk and guests of the city, for which the provision of the reserve was set by a special mode.
The vegetation of the reserve is diverse. On the northern outskirts of the reserve, steppe vegetation is replaced by forests. The northern borders of the reserve on a very small area have several copies of Linden Siberian - Pride "Pillars" have been preserved. Fir and cedar grow in the reserve. Cedar is the precious tree of the Siberian Taiga, but, unfortunately, it resumes weakly. Heavy cedar nuts are not spread by the wind, and fall from ripe cones immediately, under the tree, but, falling on thick moss, they, as a rule, can not exist without any help. Such an assistant cedar is the bird - Siberian cede. During the ripening of nuts, she, knocking down a bump, flies to a deck or stump, timing seeds and with goiter, filled with nuts, flies to hide them. Kedrovka prefers to hide its reserves in places with a shallow snow cover, quickly freed from him in the spring. Thus, the cediculture helps the cedar settlement through the reserve.
The "pillars" reserve is at the junction of three botanic-geographic areas: Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, mountain taiga of Eastern Sayan and underground of the medium-Siberian plateau. Flora Reserve has a 1037 species of higher vascular plants, of which 260 species - mugh-shaped, more than 150 species belong to the category of specially protected.
On the territory of the reserve, there are 22 species of fish, 130 species of birds and 45 species of mammals. The precious predator Taiga is sable. By the time of organizing the reserve, he was completely extermined in these places, but in the 60s he again became the usual inhabitant of the Taiga Reserve. Very rich in the reserve wild hoofs. Extremely favorable conditions here are maral and kabagra. Bird kingdom in the reserve represents such birds as a ripper, a deaf, a three-pailed woodcut, a coding, a deaf cuckoo, a foam-korole, a frozard, a synehvostka, Far Eastern and blue nightingale, starfish, small and white-spinned woodpecker, a cheeky oatmeal, lentil. From fish in the reserve, Sig, Harius, Chebak, Elets, Shipovka, Perch, Pike, Plis, Karas and others live in a nature reserve.
In addition to the vegetable and animal world, the reserve is famous for its rocks. Poles - the pride of Krasnoyarsk. Almost all rocks of the reserve have names - outlines resembling birds, animals and people, which has reflected in the names: Sparrows, Berkut, Kabarga, Grandfather, Monk. The height of the rocks forming 80 groups, places reaches 104 m. Some individual stones and fragments (parts) of rocks are also named. Rocks can be solid or form groups. The rocky array always has several named individual vertices.
The rock called "feathers" is the 4th magnificent Sorotmeter sheer stone plates stuck to each other. Each plate, pointed at the top, resembles the feathers of the Giant Bird. From the west side of the rock is a pretty smooth sheer wall. At an altitude of 15-20 meters, a horizontal gap was formed. When tourists and heads will be raised into it, as if the teeth, the gap becomes like the mouth of a predatory animal, hence the name of the lion's mouth.
Fifteen meters from feathers worth a low rock. She resembles a big lion head. From the west side there are two colossal stone stands, blocked into the exposure of a huge monolithic stone. When you look at them, it seems that the stone under the action of its own weight is about to spread the rocks and collapse to the ground. This cliff got the name of the lion gate. At the top of the lion gate to rise easily. The gaps, ledges and gentle plates are freely overcome.
In five hundred meters from feathers, through a log, a massive rock "Grandfather" is towers - an amazing product of nature. If you look at the post of hassle, you can see the head of courageous and harsh, about something conceived old man with an open forehead, on which the cap is granted. The straight nose and the beard lowered on the chest enhance the impression. From the opposite side of the cliff looks like a laughing grandfather.
2.2 Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve
The Sayano-Shushensky Reserve was founded in 1976 in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the central part of Western Sayan instead of the former Sayan Reserve. The history of the reserve is related to the need to preserve a sable as the most valuable fur beast.
In the 1970s, the rapid development of the industry (Sayansky TPK, uniting Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP and a number of plants) and the growth of the population, and therefore the number of settlements, has become environmental shock for the region. Therefore, in one of the few corners of Siberia, where the human influence has not yet affected, it was decided to create a reserve. In nine years, in 1985, the UNESCO decision reserve was included in the international network of biosphere reserves. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 3904 km.
Purpose. The preservation and study of typical and unique natural complexes, landscape and biological diversity of the central part of Western Sayan, located in the contact zone of boreal forests of Siberia with dry steppe and semi-desert plateales of Central Asia.
This area is the only one in Russia, where you can save the snow leopard, Siberian Capricorn, Berkut, Skop, as well as the population of plants introduced into the Red Book.
Also in the reserve, the impact of the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir for natural ecosystems is studied.
Since the reserve is located at the point where the Siberian Taiga and the Central Asian Steppe are found, and the relief is mountainous (the highest point - 2735 m), the vegetation is very diverse: from Venerine Bashman, made to a red book, to huge deciduous and cedar forests. Flora Reserve has more than 1000 species of only higher plants. Here presented the vegetation of forest, forest-steppe, steppe, subalpine belts. Among the herbaceous plants are a lot of relics: Crowning fabric, anemone Altai, Mattik Siberian, Prince Siberian, Kandyk Siberian, beautiful Sayansky. Of particular value are represented by Drumen Siberian, the Absorbent of a leafless and Rhodiola pink. Among the trees, the Siberian cedar is a special value of the protected taiga. In the reserve, the larch Siberian and, to a lesser extent, Siberian, spruce, spine, pine, birch, oxne, is also growing.
The animal world of the Sayano-Shushensky Reserve has more than 50 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 18 species of fish, 5 species of reptiles and 2 types of amphibians. Of these, about 100 species are rare, disappearing and included in the Red Book.
The animal peace of the reserve is diverse. So, next to the wise northern deer and partridges, you can meet the extraordinary Altai Ular, a deft Siberian goat, a provind hamster, a snow leopard, and a sable, brown bear, a cabgari, which are characteristic of Siberian taiga.
The chief representative of the bird kingdom of the reserve is thruster. Within the edge there are two subspecies - black and red. Frames for the reserve and synehvostka, and a straw redish.
Under the control of the protection service of the reserve, there is a biosphere polygon "Gray Sayany" with a total area of \u200b\u200b218.8 thousand hectares, created by the Decree of the administration of the Ermakovsky district in 2000
2.3 Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve
The State Reserve "Taimyr" was established in 1979, and in 1995 he was given the status of a biosphere. It is an environmental, research and economic and educational institution. This is one of the largest reserves of Russia, located in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Taimyr Peninsula - the most nomed mainland sushi in the world. Therefore, the organizers of the reserve were striving to cover the greatest variety of zonal natural landscapes - arctic, typical and southern tundra, as well as timber tundra.
The territory of the reserve is the reference plots of the earth's surface, which contain almost all the natural zones of Taimyr: the Arctic ("Arctic branch"), typical ("main territory"), the southern (part of the Arya-Mas ") Tundra and Festothundra (Lukunsky plot "), as well as unique mountain tundra xp. Byrranga (Table 1).
The Taimyr Reserve is the most visited reserve in Russia. Every year, thousands of scientists from all over the world, ecologists, tourists and coming are visited by East Taimyr. Most of them attract the excavations of the fossil mammoth and the population of the shebity. Also, the center of the village of the village of Khatanga is used as a springboard to achieve the North Pole.
Table 1 - Reference sections of the Taimyr Reserve
On the territory of the reserve it grows 430 species of higher plants, 222 types of moss and 265 - lichens. One of the most common lichens of the tundra zone is the coladonia (Moss or, Yagel). Olenia Moss occupies extensive polar territories, but often meets in dry forests, located significantly south of the TundR stripes. Among the plants growing on the territory of the reserve, there are those that are listed in the Red Book, the wormwood Arkosibirskaya, Brillian, Single, Solid, Krupki Field and Taimyr, Ostromotor Telted, Culnizes Goroda and Byrrangskaya, Motinty Woolly, Rhodiola pink.
An countless lakes and low water bodies are covered with stagnant moisture tundra located on permafrost. Merzlot power is up to 500 meters. In Arya-Mas, the most southern part of one of the three sections of the reserve, you can observe the most northern larches. Trees Here in a few centuries barely reach the height of human growth.
We will begin to get acquainted with the fauna of the Taimyr Reserve with one of the smallest, but very important inhabitants of the reserve - lemming (Siberian and hoof). The hoof lemming has received its name due to the fact that in the winter period on the front paws, two medium claws grow and remind the hoof. The next representative of the fauna of the reserve is the northern deer. The population of reindeer on Taimyr is the most numerous in the world.
The status of the security zone under the control of the reserve is the reserve of the district subordination "Bikada". The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 937760 hectares, this is a separate cluster that is not contacting the territory of the reserve. On its territory, the employees of the Far North, the International Program Reacmirmatization of North American Ovsebik is underway. Ovezbiks are preserved from prehistoric times: they lived at the same time with mammoths, but unlike the latter they continue to live until now. The Taimyr Ovzebiik was brought in 1974 from the Arctic regions of Canada and the United States. Currently, he "mastered" a very significant territory.
Belyaky hares in the reserve are adjacent to such common polar predators, like sandy and wolf. Polar wolves are especially numerous in the Taimyr Reserve. This is due to the fact that in the region there is the largest Taimyr population of reindeers, which are the main prey of these predatory animals. From representatives of Kunih in the reserve live Ermine and Wolverine. Belukha, ringed nerve and walrus live from marine mammals. In the Taimyr Reserve there are 116 species of birds belonging to 9 units. Summer and waterfowls are nesting here in more than anywhere else in other tundra areas of the Earth. Gaga-comb, chernozey and blonding gagars, tundra swans, goose-gemnik. Of the rare species of birds there are a small swan, the Red Country Camera, Orlan-Belohvost, Berkut, Greet, Sapsan.
2.4 Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve
The reserve was created in 1985. The reserve is located in the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the square of 424.9 thousand hectares and the Baikitsky district of the Evenki municipal district on the square of 595.0 thousand hectares The total area of \u200b\u200bthe PAs is 1019.9 thousand hectares. The reserve is located on the territory, including the average r. Yenisei between PP. Podcamine Tunguska and Bakht, the ninesession parts of the West Siberian Plain and the Tungus-Bakhtinsky Siberian Plateau Middle-Siberian Plateau.
The main goal of the Organization of the Reserve is to preserve and explore the diverse ground and aquatic natural complexes of the siberian Siberia in its central part, the landscapes of the floodplain and the Valley of the Yenisei, the river itself and its tributaries. The plant of Yenisei within the reserve is of great value as the spawning area of \u200b\u200bmany valuable fishing species, as well as the area of \u200b\u200bwintering urching and sterlidi. This is the only reserve in Russia, where there are both shores of one of the great rivers of Eurasia at a great distance (60 km) of those of Eurasia. The floodplain of her wetlands, has many lakes-old men. The river network consists of the tributaries of the Yenisei and the podcaming tunga.
For the reserve characterized by the average vegetation. Of the plants listed in the Red Book, are characteristic of: Large-flowered, real and Calypso bully.
From representatives of Ornithofauna to the Red Book, black stork, Sapsan, Skop, Berkut, Orlan-Belochvost and Greets are listed. The plant of Yenisei within the reserve is of great value as the spawning area of \u200b\u200bmany valuable fishing species, as well as the area of \u200b\u200bthe wintering of sturgeon and sterlidi.
The State Ecological and Ethnographic Reserve of the Federal Magician "Yeloguisk" is under maintaining GPBZ "Centralnosibirsk". Ethno-environmental studies are carried out on the biosphere polygon of the reserve, where special attention is paid to the small people of the North - Ketam. Tourukhan Kets - the latest representatives of the ancients paleo Asian tribeswho settled on the shores of the tributaries Yenisei. Sometime they lived on south, in Minusinskaya brand, as well as on the territory of modern Khakassia. Ketic names of rivers and mountains have survived there to this day. Then the kats were gradually pushed north, settled the southern part Turukhansky region, in the XVII century, advanced to Lower Tunguso, later - to river Kureika. The origin of the kets is not fully clarified. Linguists pay attention to the similarity of the Ketsky language with separate isolated language groups: for example, a number of languages caucasian Highlanders, Spanish Basque and north American Indians. Some see in kats descendants of ancient tibetsky The population from which occurred north American Indians - Atabasi. Kets are of great interest to the science of an isolated linguistic position and features of anthropological data. A large collection of objects of Keta culture is located in the Museum of the Yeniseisk Museum.
2.5 Poohoral Reserve
The reserve was founded in 1988 for the protection of unique mining and taiga landscapes and rare species of flora and fauna. The Poohoranian reserve is located in the north of Central Siberia, on the territory of the Dudinsky and Khatang regions of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug and Ilimsk district of the Evenki Autonomous Okrug: its main part, Plateau Pouotnian, lies south of the Taimyr Peninsula and occupies most of the rectangle between the Risks of Yenisei, Heta, Kick and Lower Tunguska (650 km from north to south and from west to east). This is the most extreme reserve of Russia. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 1887, 3 thousand hectares.
The goal of creating a GPZ "Poorochny" is to preserve the most unique mountain biocenoses of the North of Central Siberia, a peculiar plant world and rare species of animals, restoring the historical area of \u200b\u200bthe Poohoral subspecies of the Snow Baran, as well as the protection of the world's largest Taimyr population of the wild reindeer.
As a result of the movement of the glaciers of the Puratorna Plateau, the height of the walls of which reaches several hundred meters, and narrow lakes, the most deep in Russia after Baikal (Hantay Lake - up to 520 m in depth); Mountain rivers - spinners, the height of some waterfalls reaches 100 m. On the territory of the reserve, the highest density of waterfalls per unit area on the planet is noted.
Of the historical and cultural facilities, the remains of the attributes of shamanism on the ancient capital of the Tungus (Evenks) and the Dolgan chapel more than a century ago are of the greatest interest. On the territory of the Poorinsky Reserve are the unique exposures of the Basalt Basalt (Natural Mineralogical Museums Open Sky).
In the landscape, mountain tundra and gentlemen are dominated. Numerous rivers and lakes. In total, on the territory of the reserve 381 type of plants, 35 - mammals, 140 - birds.
The plateau is the only habitat of one of the largest low-earned mammals of planets - snow ram (fat man). International importance is the protection of a piskly. It is Russia that carries a significant share of responsibility for the preservation of this type of geese.
In 2003, Plateau Putuan is attributed to UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites. Tourists here are very small due to the high cost and increased complexity of routes. Directly to the border of the reserve suits the excursion heat route on Oz. Lama.
In the buffer (security) zone, together with the GNU of the Nizhh of the Far North, with the active material support of the Polar branch of Norilsk MMC, Norilskgazprom and a number of other organizations, a substantial monitoring station was built - Keta biostation (Oz. Keta) and "Mikchand" (OZ . Lama) for the integrated study of the unique biocenoses of the plateau. Since 2007, work under the Global Environment Facility is underway (GEF): "Preservation and sustainable use of biodiversity on the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia: maintaining the relationship between landscapes."
2.6 Big Arctic State Natural Reserve
The "Great Arctic" reserve, the largest in Russia and Eurasia and the third largest in the world (4169222 hectares, including 1 million - the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic seas), was established in 1993. It is located on the Taimyr Peninsula and on the Islands of the Arctic Ocean. Its coast is washed by the Kara Sea and the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev. This is the largest reserve of Russia.
The purpose of creating a reserve is to preserve and study in the natural state of unique arctic ecosystems, rare and disappearing species of plants and animals of the northern coast of the Peninsula Taimyr and the adjacent islands. On the islands of the Northern Earth are "maternity hospitals" of Taimyr White Bears, in the coastal tundra they are saved from the Gnus of the Et of Wild Reindeers. Save the nesting of birds that migrate the north-Atlantic way: Black Case, Kulik, etc. - and be able to study in natural state unique arctic ecosystems.
A significant part of the reserve is practically not visited by a person, but recently the routes (rafting, fishing, ethnographic tours) are being developed, which will allow tourists closer to get acquainted with the Arctic nature.
The large Arctic reserve consists of seven cluster sites (Table 2) and two reserves: the state natural reserve of the federal value "NORMOZEMELSKY", located within the boundaries of the reserve and the State Natural Reserve of the regional value "Brechov Islands".
The main type of vegetation tundra is lichens. They stall tolerate the harsh conditions of the Arctic, painting the tundra in various colors from bright yellow to black. Since the conditions of this northern region are not easy, then for a number of higher plants it is impossible annual flowering. In this regard, there are no bulbous plants and there are practically no annuals. From shrubs, Iva Polar is the most striking representative. Herbatous plants are represented by SSEKAMS, Puffiers, cereals, a considerable role in the vegetation of the reserve is played by Driad, or partners grass, various types of camneur, a variety of polar poppies, fornet.
Table 2 - Cluster sections of the GPZ "Big Arctic"
The fauna of birds of the Great Arctic Reserve has 124 species, 16 of which are listed in the Red Book. The characteristic inhabitants of the tundra are white owl and tundry partridge. In the reserve there are rare species of chaps: pink, viloboles and white.
Pink seagull is a rare, poorly studied appearance made in the Red Book. There is only one nesting colony of these birds from 45-50 pairs on East Taimyr. White seagull - a rare Arctic view made in the Red Book. Nests on the islands of the Kara Sea. It will not be nearing on the mainland, but regularly flies on the Arctic coast of Taimyr. Cups are also the most widely common silver seagull, burgomaster and polar paint. But one of the main security objects are waterfowl. Here are four types of geese, a small swan (a rare species included in the Red Book) and four types of ducks. Among the birds there are predators: Sokol-Sapsan, a shaggy-legged Knucking and DRIKN.
If you go to walk around the reserve at night, you can hear screams with a glitter, chernozemoe or a white bullion. Also in the reserve you can meet a long-dead, medium and short-castness, white and marsh owl, Sparrow (the most numerous detachment of birds of the reserve - 41 views), horned lark, red-made skate, white wagtail. And finally, one of the representatives of the bird kingdom of the reserve is a punch, which is fairly considered an arctic spring symbol. Sometimes this prostodder spring arrives even in March, although mostly - at the beginning, and even in mid-May.
Among the mammals of the reserve, it is possible to note such animals as lemmings (Siberian and hoofed), sands, a shaggy cannuk, a sorry, a wild northern deer (a unique island population of these animals lives on the island of Sibiryakov), the polar bear (entered in the Red Book) and Nerpe.
In the water area - habitat of a polar bear, a walrus, a marine hare, a collected nerve, whites. On the coast of the ocean and in the delta rivers are taken under the protection of the place of mass nesting and molting of a white-headed goose, black and redness of the Cases, Ducks and Kulikov.
The territory of the reserve also includes historical and cultural monuments associated with the names of polar studies - A.F. Middondorf, F. Nansen, V.A. Rusanova, E.V. Toll, A.V. Kolchak, etc.
2.7 Tungussky Reserve
The Tungus Reserve is located on the site of the fall of the Tungus Meteorite. The reserve is located in the Evenki municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve 296562 hectares.
The purpose of creating a reserve is the study of the unique natural complexes of Evenki and the consequences of the influence of the global cosmo-ecological catastrophe.
The reserve is a conservation, research and economic and educational institution. It was created to study the effects of the meteorite fall. The highest peak of the reserve is located on the springs of the Lacura Range - 533 m above sea level. The second top of the top - Mount Farrington - is located near the place of the Tungus phenomenon.
The territory of the reserve is typical, practically unnecessary to local anthropogenic effects of the Northern Eastern Eastern Taiga with landscapes and biosenoses characteristic of it, at the same time the territory of the reserve is unique, as it stores the prints of the mysterious "Tungusian catastrophe" on June 30, 1908. On this day, there was heavy duty (10-40 megaton) an explosion of the space object of an unidentified nature, known as the "Tungusky Meteorite", 70 km to the north-west of Vanavara's village, 70 km northwester from Vanavara.
Larch and pine forests are common here. As a result of the fall of the alleged meteorite, the taiga on the square was more than 2 km and was burned, but in the last century it completely recovered. Evenkaya Taiga to this day keeps the secret of one of the wonders of our century, which called the Tungusian meteorite. In the animal world, the bear, the Bear, Sobol, the Core, are a badger, Lynx. About 30 species of fish dwell in the subframe Tunguska, most of which relate to valuable rocks.
Along the boundaries of the reserve, a security area is formed by a width of 2 km, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 20241 hectares. The security zone is assigned to such tasks as an improvement of the living conditions of the protected animals of the reserve, carrying out measures for the protection, restoration of valuable wild and rare plant species growing onto the POPT, the creation of demonstration sites, showcases, stands and other forms of propaganda of the nature reserves for the purpose of ecossal.
Echo of the Tungus Catastrophe sounded around the globe. In a huge space limited from the east Yeniseem, from the south of the line Tashkent - Stavropol - Sevastopol - North Italy - Bordeaux, from west - Western coast Atlantic Ocean, night disappeared. For 3 days, from June 3 to July 2, 1908, there were bright nights, reminiscent of white nights in the northern regions of Europe. It was possible to read newspaper text, read the readings of hours or compass, while the main lighting proceeded from extremely bright clouds that were at an altitude of about 80 km. The huge field of these clouds hung over the expanses of Western Siberia and Europe, in addition, there were other abnormal optical phenomena on this territory - bright "motley" dawns, halo and the wints around the Sun, and in some places - a decrease in the transparency of the atmosphere, which has reached in August California and explaining Apparently, dusting atmosphere products of the Tungus explosion. There is reason to think that the fall of the Tungusian meteorite touched even the southern hemisphere: in any case, it was on this day that an unusual polar radion was observed in Antarctica, described by the participants of the English Antarctic Expedition of Sheklton.
The nature of the Tungusian phenomenon remains unexplained to the present, which represents an exceptional interest in the only area on the globe, having a possibility of directly studying the environmental consequences of space catastrophe. Studies of the consequences of the explosion of the cosmic body of an unexplained nature were launched in the mid-twenties anniversary of the twentieth century by expeditions L.A. Kulik, first described the effects of the explosion, and continued by scientists of Tomsk (comprehensive amateur expedition) under the leadership of Academician N.V. Vasilyeva and Doctors Biological Sciences G.F. Plekhanov, expeditions of the Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences on meteorites, many prominent domestic and foreign scientists. Monitoring of domestic changes is carried out at present. The following historical and cultural facilities are located on the territory of the reserve:
expeditionary base for the study of the "Tungusian meteorite", better known as the "Borrow" of the Kulik "or" hood ";
the expeditionary base for the study of the Tungus meteorite is a monument of the history and culture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
According to the existing provision on Russia's reserves, tourism is prohibited. In the Tungus Reserve, due to the uniqueness of the event, in order of exception, limited tourist activities are allowed to enlarge the population, familiarization with the beautiful natural objects of the reserve, the place of falling the Tungusian meteorite. There are three ecological and educational routes. Two of them are water, according to the picturesque Kimcha and Hushma rivers, the third - hiking along the "Tropez" - the famous route of the discovere room of the Catastrophe of the Tungusian meteorite. Most explanatory work is held in routes with tourists.
2.8 National Park "Shushensky Bor"
National Park "Shushensky Bor" was formed in 1995. The National Park is located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the lands of the Shushensky District, at the junction of two large geomorphological systems - the Minusinsk foothill and the mountain system of Western Sayan, almost in the very center of Asian mainland. The territory of the National Park is two separate areas of 4.4 thousand hectares and 34.8 thousand hectares, all lands are in possession of the National Park.
The organization of the National Park in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was caused by the need to find a compromise between the protection of the unique nature of the region, the economic activity of man and recreational environmental management. Shushensky Bor formed in order to preserve unique, substantially unchanged natural ecosystems representing a large range of latitudinal zonality - from alpine meadows to the forest-steppe and steppes - and having scientific, educational and recreational significance.
The northern part of the park is represented by the plain forest-meadow-steppe landscape. Pine predominates in the forests. The southern part of the territory includes mountain-taiga landscapes, where the vertical explanation is pronounced. In the foothill part there is a belt of coniferous and mixed forests represented by aspen, pine, sometimes cedar. Above is the Belt of the Cherry Taiga with the predominance of fir. Even above - the belt is a dark taiga. The vertices of the ridges are occupied by subalpiy meadows.
The black taiga ecosystems are of particular interest from the point of view of protection, as they are relic communities. The list of rare and endangered plant species in the territory of the Shushensky district includes 27 species, including the Siberian Adonis, Bruunner Siberian, Averetic Altai, Primula Pallas, Peony Maryin Root, Male Shield.
The richness of the animal world park is associated with a variety of natural conditions of the territory and a complex history of the formation of fauna.
2.9 Natural Park "Ergaki"
Ergaki is the name of the natural park located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The name of the park is given according to the eponymous ridge, which has become very popular among tourists, artists, local population by the 1990s. In addition to the Ergaki Range, the park covers its territory partially or completely mountain ranges of Kulumum, Ousky, Aradansky, Metugul Taiga, Kedransky. Pools of the largest rivers Park - Us, Kebreges, OA, Taigish, Kazzuk.
Ergaki - mountain knot, ridge in Western Sayan. Located in the sources of rivers Greater Kebreges, a large key, Taigish, the top buckbush, the middle buckbush and the bottom buck.
Bibliography
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2. Baranov, A.A. Specially protected natural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: studies. - Method. Manual / A.A. Baranov, S.V. Keenet. - Krasnoyarsk: Publisher of the CAPP NAM.V.P. Astafieva, 2004. - 240 s.
3. Wladyshevsky, D.V. Ecology and we: studies. Location. / D.V. Vladyyshevsky. - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing House of State. University, 1994. - 214 p.
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5. Nature and ecology of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: School Course Program. - Krasnoyarsk, 2000.
6. Savchenko, A.P. Annex to the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. / A.P. Savchenko, V.N. Lopatin, A.N. Zyryanov, M.N. Smirnov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: ed. Creation Center, 2004. - 147 p.
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