Thanks to a pleasant and gentle taste, winter is actively used in culinary purposes. Their fruit bodies are marinate and solid, add to soups and sauces. Although after thermal processing, the mushrooms become smaller, the taste qualities do not change.
Exterior Winter Way
The second name of mushrooms, indicating their external features - flamemulina velvety-alopeco. The diameter of the flat-circular hat is from 2 to 10 cm. The surface layer is smooth, naked, mucous. Color is yellow or with the addition of orange or brown shade. With high humidity, the center becomes noticeably darkened by the transparent striped edge.
Young specimens are wrapped in the edges, which are straightened while growing up the mushroom. An interesting feature is that the color palette of the fruit varies depending on the master-owner.
Plates of white or light-hidden color can be free or connected to the leg. The older is the fruit, the temperatures of the plates are darker and wider. The flesh of a fleet of a light yellow, excessing a pleasant mushroom fragrance. The leg of the cylindrical shape, has an elastic and dense structure. As the fetus adults are slightly bent. The base is velvety with a dark brown color. At the top noticeably lighter.
Where the winter is rigged in Russia
The fabrics of the hats during freezing turn as if in glass, but with a spring thaw thaw, losing its fragility. Disputes ready for germination are formed on the revollable plates. The wind spreads a dispute powder, contributing to the russet of mushrooms, forming new colonies on damaged sections of the bark. Infection of garden trees has a destructive effect on the whole garden, so it is recommended to destroy the affected parts of the tree or shrub, and the spaces of sleep and cracks to process with the help of Garden Wara.
Where to collect winter widespread (video)
Season and Winter Collection Rules
Flammulina is found all year round. However, in the warm season, it fertures less often. The gathering peak falls on the coldest months: from November to February. There are cases when the yield of mushrooms is observed in May.
They love chosen and rainy weather. In the frost time, the fruits freeze, and when thawing continues to grow, and the fatal fruits do not lose elasticity and taste.
Bright orange accumulation of fruits of different sizes is often found at an altitude of more than 3 m, which makes it difficult to collect. It is most convenient to tear mushrooms growing on the stump.
Before you go to collect winter trophies, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the important rules:
- No need to tear completely small mushrooms.
- The fruit body must be cut off at the very base without damaging the fungne.
- Torn mushrooms should be cleaned from garbage before laying in a basket or bucket.
- It is impossible to take fruit, the body of which is spoiled because they contain dangerous and poisonous substances.
- It is better to fold the mushrooms in the basket of the hats down.
The composition and taste of winter wish
Despite the fact that the ways belong to the conditionally edible category of fungi, they are known for their useful properties. Their composition contains:
- vitamins;
- amino acids;
- minerals.
Thanks to phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and a large amount of protein in the fruit body, the use of mushrooms helps in the treatment and prevention of many aids. The content of healing components contributes to the prevention of oncological diseases.
The flesh of mushrooms is tender, and the taste is pleasant. They are great for salting, pickling, roasting and boiling. Winter mushrooms can be used as a filling for pies, add to meat and salads. Although mushroom dishes are very tasty, some cooks do not like them due to an unpleasant slippery appearance.
How to distinguish winter dumps from false species
Going to a quiet hunt, important to rememberthat there are inedible and poisonous types of fungi, similar to edible representatives. In order not to choose Doubles, they should have certain knowledge that will help to distinguish a false mushroom from a fetus suitable for use.
- The edible view has a film ring at the top of the leg, similar to a skirt.
- Young edible walls have small balls on the hats, which disappear while growing up.
- The color of false copies is much brighter.
- The smell from the winter okey is more pleasant than from his false representative, which smells of mold.
- The creamy color of the plates under the Hat in edible mushrooms differs from greenish or olive-black plates of inedible species.
The main feature that distinguishes the winter duct from its twins is fruiting time.
Features Winter Way (video)
Primary processing and features of cooking winter
First of all, it is necessary to clean the mushrooms from the garbage. In order to make it easier to separate the sticky leaflers and herbs, they should be poured with cold water and cover with the press. Water needs to be saturated, then the larvae and insects will leave the fruit. In salt water, fruits must be no more than three hours. Then you should rinse them with clean water. In order to avoid deformation, they need to be pulled out from a container using a colander. The garbage that remains on fruit bodies must be removed with a knife, as well as cut off damaged and dark areas.
Thermal processing of winter mushrooms should last at least 40 minutes. For soup, it is desirable to use only hats containing protein. Frozen or dried vegetable product perfectly transfers long-term storage. Salted mushrooms can not be stored for more than a year, as the risk of infection with botulism increases. For the salting you need to use only hot marinade.
Features of the cultivation of winter Ways on the garden plot
Contrary to the opinion that for independent cultivation they will need to make a lot of effort, they are very easy to breed.
In view of this, in the garden plot it is necessary to create conditions as close as possible to natural. Because the erases will not fall on all the rocks of the trees, you should prepare stumps from alder, birch, beech, aspen, willow, maple, poplar, oak, ash. The most suitable dummy or slightly fired stumps with cracks on the crust. Such wood will allow disputes better to root.
How to cook myself (video)
If the barrel without chips, they should be made using the ax at the top and sides. Low hemps (up to 30 cm) must be placed in the water for a couple of hours, after which it is shocking on the site planned for. The place is better to choose the shaded and with high humidity. Depending on the length of the barrel, the discharge depth is selected. You can bury half or almost a whole stump to the top.
For breeding, you can purchase in specialized outlets or prepare yourself. For these purposes, copies with massive hats are suitable. Mushrooms should be soaked in water and leave for several hours. Then you need to handle stumps with water and lay out the caps. Top to lay moss or sawdust. The crop will appear only after 2 - 3 years. In summer, wood needs to moisturize, otherwise mycelium dries off. Sometimes can grow with the complete absence of lighting. In this case, their color will become white, but the taste will remain the same.
Winter is capable of withstanding the enormous pollution. This hatch is considered the only one capable of growing in the central part of a large city or on the sidelines of the highway. But collecting such mushrooms is prohibited because they accumulate harmful elements.
Wormworms can be found almost everywhere in our country. This species belongs to the family of robes. Such mushrooms can be distinguished from others due to characteristic appearance and habitat: they grow on a damaged surface of the crust of deciduous trees.
Exterior of mushrooms
Winter mushroom has a fruit body and a hatch of the central location. Other features:
- flat or convex golden shade hat;
- brighter hats;
- edible mushrooms have a thin flesh of white;
- saturated pleasant mushroom taste;
- tubular leg of a dense structure, golden-brown color.
On the surface of the mushroom there are surprised plates of ohlogen color. Spores have a cylinder form.
Places of Growing
With the onset of autumn, you can proceed to the collection of winter science. If the temperature is still not high enough, and the level of humidity is high, the fruit bodies of these mushrooms are formed quickly. Search for a winter mushroom is needed in deciduous forests. It is desirable that the most adult deciduous breeds. On trees, fruit bodies can grow intensively and feel as comfortable as possible. Especially often mushrooms come across on the trunks of the fallen trees. Sometimes it is possible to notice this mushroom and on the living wood of hardwood.
The main feature that winter mushroom was found is the presence of a leathery ring sitting on the leg right under the hat. In false leaves, such an uneven and rather noticeable ring has fragmentary parts. In addition, the leg and the hat for real is always covered with clearly "battered" scales.
False species are missing. All this should be remembered by conducting, because among the real things they can get caught false, which are very poisonous. Distinctive signs of false asses:
- frequent location under fallen leaves and on the soil;
- bright staining of various pieces of mushroom;
- darker and intensive staining of the plate on the inside.
Mushroom harvest is made by cutting the leg with a well-sharpened knife. You can also do it with your hands, unscrewing the gradually fruit body made of mushrooms - this method is preferable, since it minimizes the pathogenic microbes into the mushrooms. The rules that must be observed when collecting mushrooms:
- Collect only familiar mushrooms. If there are no doubt, you should not take the instances interested.
- Old, rotten mushrooms, like animal copies, are not scored.
- Ignore young fruit bodies, ripe not enough.
Where and on what trees there are rashes in the forest
Winter mushroom is put in the basket, which guarantees maximum ventilation, a hat down or slightly tilting the side. The collected mushrooms cannot be stored for a long time, you need to quickly go through and recycle them to prevent rotting. Cut mushrooms that lie more than 1 day can accumulate toxins.
Useful properties and composition
Winter lies contain a whole complex of valuable substances, vitamins and minerals. That is why they are highly appreciated:
In therapeutic purposes it is allowed to use tinctures, infancy and decoctions. Affordable and verified means of combating symptoms of impotence.
False twins
You can select several types of false twins, which externally remind the winter wow. In order not to confuse them, you need to remember the signs of mushrooms. False believes brick-red oen. It grows entire groups and differs in the round shape of the hat. It is at the expense of it that it is easy to distinguish the ceremony from edible oops.
The top surface is smooth, dry, has a brick shade. The plate is yellow or olive, sometimes differ in dark chocolate tone. The leg is curved and empty from the inside.
The appearance of him is usual and does not have any characteristic raisin. But even if you met in the forest under the layer of snow to the poisonous and inedible at first glance, you can discard these thoughts. Almost 100% confidence can be said that this is a bench, since besides him at such a time of year, nothing else is equal.
Use in medicine
Winter Mushroom Opelok (Flammulina): Photo, description
Winter Wall or Winter Mushroom (Flammulina Velutipes)
I would prefer the name "Winter Mushroom" - a more accurate - winter poles, because There are still mushrooms growing in winter.
Mushroom from the tricholome family (TNcholomataceae). Hat with a diameter of 2-9 cm, honey-yellow (see photo), in the center is darker, flat-convex, later flat, smooth, mucous. Gimentoor plate, yellow-white, plates are rare, wide, slightly grown to the leg.
The leg is 3-10 cm high, a thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm, cylindrical, in the upper part of the light yellow, in the bottom - brown, durable. The taste and smell are pleasant.
Lathe: How to find, basic views, useful properties + 70 photos
It is found in large, close groups on living and dead trees, stumps, in the place of cutting, in parks and gardens, on fruit trees, lime, aspen, topolate and, especially often, on IWA. Fruit from December to March. The fungal of the winter okey lives dozens and even hundreds of years, so in the same places you can harvest for many years. In our country, its artificial breeding on a mixture of sawdust and bran is mastered. Winter mushroom is delicious. His caps are boiled, marinate, dried.
The need to look into the falling winter forest occurs over the years, experience and dissatisfaction with the briefness of the Miga Communication with the Forest, Nature.
Somewhere since the end of the 70s I became attentive to inspect the winter forests of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the nearest areas. Running somehow on winter fishing through the fishing line, I noticed a tree trunk generously mowed with brown mushrooms with dark to black with a leg, and the mushrooms were "from the ground" to the "heaven" - throughout the trunk. Despite the frost, these mushrooms do not lose sightseeing and taste - they simply "fall asleep" and again go to growth at the first thaw. Since winter in Ukraine is often "rotting", the mushroom season does not end.
Winter wields prefer deciduous breeds coniferous, growing "bushes" more often than one by one. It is necessary to look for on old or dying trunks, although they are happy to hide under pieces of damaged or detached bark on quite a bit of healthy trees. Frequently growing within the city feature, especially in parks, sometimes right on the soil on the trash.
Look around! Sometimes the "winter" surrounds out of turn - ahead of the autumn real estimates, they grow from September (if cold) in March. Especially pleased to please yourself and friends with mushroom "frescintinki" - when frost and snow is in the courtyard.
You need to take a hat and a third of the legs (stiff below), small goes entirely. Dye 10-15 minutes to drain-wash up-salt and with a loaf of a frying ground, a pleasant appetite!
Excellent Assorted Weshes with thighs. In the marinade, the winter "ordinary", nothing special. Literate similar poisonous false brick-red sills are not tolerated, so - good luck!
The avid mushroom is always upset when the season of "quiet hunting" ends. Fishermen can smile quietly, rejoicing that their favorite business is all-season. But the mushrooms are not lucky. But, not everyone knows that there are late types of mushrooms that grow even in a cold winter. One of these species is a winter okey. And in this article we would like to provide a description of this mushroom, photo and tell about its unique medical properties.
Description OPY
In our market, it is more famous called "Inoka". The thing is that mushroom comes from Japan to the Russian market. Therefore, if you saw the pickled buildings, know, this is a regular winter bench.
In a number of Asian countries, these mushrooms are almost the most favorite species.
In Russia, the habitat of winter is generally limited to northern latitudes.
The most important feature of the winter okey is that this kind is really winter.
Mature the fruit body begins at the end of autumn, and by early winter you can collect a decent harvest them.
With all this it is worth noting that if the winter is warm, it will be fruiting the whole quarter.
With severe frost, the open's body is damaged, however, as soon as the temperature rises to zero degrees Celsius, they are immediately restored.
The appearance of him is usual and does not have any characteristic raisin. But even if you met in the forest under the layer of snow to the poisonous and inedible at first glance, you can discard these thoughts.
Almost 100% confidence can be said that this is a bench, since besides him at such a time of year, nothing else is equal.
Young specimens have a small hemispheric hat. As the fruit body agrees, it straightens and acquires an urban shape.
The surface color can be both light brown and honey. It is worth noting that the central part of the head is always darker than its edges.
On old mushrooms, dark spots appear very often. Often they have a characteristic brown shade.
The diameter of the Hat is small - an average of up to 10 centimeters.
Because of the frequent contact with water, the flesh has gained a watery character. But despite this, still taste quality mushrooms at the proper level. Color pulp dark beige.
The plates are quite rare planted. Have the same color as the flesh. Attached to the surface quite firmly. When aging, often acquire a dark color.
The leg is very thin, and in view of the habitat (stumps, rotten trees), often has a deformed shape in relation to the hat. From above, the leg has identical surface color. Closer to the base acquires a darker shade. On average, the length of the leg does not exceed 8 cm. In the thickness of 0.8 cm.
The pulp legs are rude even in the young fetus. There is nothing about old at all. Because of this, food is mostly young fruits.
Asians generally like practicing traditional medicine. And the winter okey is a frequent guest in the notebook of the national healer of the Asian country.
In itself, the fruit body is rich in proteins, zinc, potassium, iodine and other vital for man by trace elements.
Japanese scientists even discovered the ability of the Inka to withstand the formation of malignant and benign tumors. They even amounted to a map in which the percentage of the possibility of cancer is possible when using fungus. Naturally, the more often it is present in the diet, the mortal probability is to face oncology.
Also, it is worth noting its antiviral qualities.
Winter Opel - Snow Mushroom
Its consumption leads to an increase in immunity, which in the winter period of time, when viruses are in the air, is an indispensable quality. Also, the mushroom has a restoring effect on the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
Also, did not bypass his side and cosmetology. On its basis, we produce many creams, lotions, masks that allow you to rejuvenate the skin.
Mushroom Winter Openers: Where and when to collect, useful properties
Each mushroom knows that the best time to collect mushrooms is autumn. Sometimes summer is still added to this temporary segment, especially Augustus, which is considered one of the most mushroom months. But not everyone is aware that the mushroom season is not at all limited by warm times of the year.
And the best example of this is the winter mushroom - flamemulin, or a winter okey. As it is clear from the title, "hunt" on it, as a rule, open in cold time of the year.
Collect winter widespread is best in the period from November to February, since it is then that they are especially common and in large quantitiesAlthough they can grow throughout the year. And this is a wonderful reason to leave a warm house and go to the forest in search of this unusual mushroom.
Distinctive features of the mushroom
Flammulina velvet ideas is a relatively small edible mushroom with a hatching stratum. Hat size fluctuate From 2 to 10 cm, young mushrooms have it convex, while mature becomes flat. A characteristic feature of a winter ooo is the mucous surface of a hat, which can be painted in various shades of yellow, orange and brown, depending on the tree of the tree on which it grows. At the same time, the edges of the caps are usually a brighter middle.
Winter Opel: Growing in various conditions
The pulp is distinguished by a pleasant taste, it is thin, light shade: from white to yellowish.
Plates are rare, often grown to the leg or shortened. Color can fluctuate enough: from white or cream to oath.
The fememuline leg is thin and long, reaches from 2 to 7 cm depending on the size of the mushroom.
As a rule, a brown shade, and the lower part of the leg is darker than the upper, characterized greater yellow. Ring, it is "skirt", absent.
Areas of use
Flammulina is widely used in cooking: in the compositions of second dishes, salads, sauces, pickles and marinades. But before you to let the found mushrooms in food, you must consider that they must pass qualitative thermal processing. The fact is that they are part of the fourth category of edible mushrooms (conditionally edible) due to the fact that it contains weak unstable toxin. In case of heat treatment, in particular during cooking, which is at least 20 minutes, the poison is destroyed, and the fungus becomes completely suitable for eating.
Someone may ask, why bother with such a dubious mushroom, if there is a huge amount of no less tasty, but significantly simpler in processing? There are several answers to this question:
- Useful properties of flimmulines. Japanese scientists in the middle of the last century have discovered the amazing quality of the winter mushroom: it contains a substance called Flammulin, which prevents the occurrence of cancer and helps to deal with already existing. Further studies have only increased the list of the valuable properties of the Winter Opener. As it turned out, he has a beneficial effect on the stomach and the liver, helping the prevention of diseases and stimulation of immunity.
- The season in which Flammulina is collected. It is impossible not to recognize that in the winter to pamper yourself with fresh mushrooms is difficult: you can only buy in the store. And the personally collected winter widespread, possessing the same festive bright color, turn out to be a very pleasant addition to the standard diet. In addition, the fact that the most active flimmuline in winter helps to avoid meetings with dangerous twinsInherent to other types of type.
There is not so many mushrooms with which you can convert Flammulina. In connection with the time, when it begins to be plentifully fruit, it practically does not have false twins. However, there are still several types of mushrooms, which are very similar to Flammulina, and understand their similarities and the differences will be useful. So, with whom you can confuse it and how dangerous it can be?
Doubles of the Winter Opel and their differences:
- Summer Opel. This edible mushroom is quite difficult to confuse with Flammulina due to what he meets, as a rule, from April to November. As a difference, you can specify a subtle film ring on a leg of a summer okey, as well as a non-discovered dark border along the edge of the hat.
- Collibia Veretonogaya. Chance to confuse this low-spirited mushroom with a winter okey is rather small: his fertility time falls for the summer and autumn. The collibia is distinguished by a characteristic red-brown hats, her leg is long, spine-shaped and often twisted.
- Gallery bordered. One of the most dangerous false asses, since this mushroom is very poisonous. You can distinguish it from the winter okey by the ring on the leg, as well as the addiction to coniferous trees, while Flammulina prefers deciduous. The leg gallery is covered with a white bloom. However, the chance to meet at the same time and the gallery, and the winter mushroom is rather small, especially if they collect them in winter: Galerina is fruitful in the period from July to October, sometimes capturing and November.
- False Opel. This twin brother is found almost all types from July to October. Coloring can be any: pink, yellow, bright orange shades or red. Characteristic is nasty smellcoming from mushroom pulp, and a bitter taste that does not disappear even with heat treatment.
As can be seen from this list, the winter mushroom is quite difficult to confuse with others, but it is impossible to forget the most important rule regarding mushroom fees: if for some reason the mushroom found seems suspicious, it is better to leave it in the forest.
I call one of the varieties of edible lamellar mushrooms. These are the most damned and collected whales, from the common wheel Summer and winter. Scientific name of mushroom "Openers real" or "Autumn Outook" (Armillariella Mellea). Usually autumn widespread the mushroom season. In Central Russia, they are often called "Assumption" for the mass appearance at the end of August, just for the holiday of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin (August 28). On this day, the experienced mushrooms are sent to the forest for the first autumnal thumbs, which are fruiting from this pore for two or three weeks. In the arid summer, the first wave of fruiting will be called not to be noticed or shifted to a later date. In some regions, it is common in the entire northern hemisphere in except for permafrost and tropical latitudes, and even the third wave of fruiting is observed, depending on the weather and climatic conditions of the area. There, autumn is collected up to mid-October.
In the photo: Autumn Wallow (Owls Real, Armillariella Mellea). On the following pages, see other photos of the autumn.
When and how to assemble autumn sides.
The generosity with which the forest gives us these fragrant mushrooms, can satisfy everyone, so the appearance will be waiting with impatience. Collect your true pleasure. They meet with families, so you immediately manage to score a lot of mushrooms, sometimes at a time and not to carry out. For my thumbs, there is a real "quiet hunting" - who is the first? Dipped on a mushroom place - cut off all mushrooms immediately. Returning again, they can not be caught - a lot of "hunters". And cut and stacked under the bush, sprayed with grass and branches, will remain unnoticed and wait for your second arrival. But this, if there is a desire to then process as many mushrooms, and you can navigate in the forest.
Love are well transported. Large baskets, vendors, bags, trunk cars and in everything that is at hand at this moment, they are safely delivered to the place of processing. The main thing is to bring them and scatter them so that they do not "burned".
Winter Mushroom (Flammulina, Winter Opel): Description, Application, Photo
In cooking more often use hats and legs of young people. However, some mushroom skins prefer to collect mature hats with a big hat. "There is something to pick up a fork!" - They say. Large scores are gathering only hats, their legs are rigid and not suitable for food. Overgrowns or collected in protracted rainy weather partially lose their attractive appearance, mushroom fragrance and taste, but still good and fried, and boiled and pickled. Inexperienced mushrooms can confuse autumn, with like false hassle. Therefore, you need to know them features.
"Site about plants" www.pro-rasteniya.ru
Fruit bodies of some mushrooms (for example, perennial dams) can be found on trees trunks at any time of the year. But there are among them and such that just in the winter form their fruit bodies on the trees deciduous trollers and settle down by large colonies. However, all the mushrooms of this kind are unsuitable.
Among the mushrooms there are those who cannot overcome their passion during the cold season! They bypass their landmarks, discover the remains of some mushrooms and marry these places for the future season. They find on old stumps, for example, brown spongy shells of raincoats who have thrown their disputes, or some non-fermented legs. In the cold forest it is often possible to see the mummified fruit bodies of black cheesecakes. Of course, all these mushrooms falling on the way of an inquisitive person have long been inconsiderable. But there are two excellent mushrooms that can seduce anyone: this (oyster mushroom) and. In Europe, their fruit bodies are formed from late autumn to spring, unless, of course, it is not very cold weather.
(Pleurotus Ostreatus) feels at home in any deciduous forest. With a special hunt, she settles on treeshealous dry trees. In the cracks of old trunks - predominantly beech - sometimes grown with close colonies on a meter height, and one sole such trunk can provide us for several weeks with fresh mushrooms outside the mushroom season. Most often found on poplas, willings and larchs. Probably, the number of these mushrooms near those farms, where they are bred as "vegetable veal", constantly increases with the assistance of wind.
But Flammulina Velutipes (Flammulina Velutipes) prefers soft wood - IVI and poplar. This is an excellent edible mushroom; By the way, in the people, it is called winter mushroom and in many areas they collect with a big hunt. True, it can be confused with poisonous (!) Sulfur-yellow, since he also forms his fruit bodies in winter, if warm enough. The false bearing of brick-red, and false-pointer seroplasty are also coming. The first of them is tasteless, and the second is an excellent edible mushroom (it settles only on the stump of coniferous trees).
Mushrooms growing in the natural environment in winter
- Winter Rutovik (Polyporus Brumalis) - meets from October to May on deciduous trees. Tableful mushroom
- - grows from autumn in spring on deciduous trees. Edible mushroom
- - Colive from autumn in spring, the mushroom grows on deciduous trees. Tasty
- Sulfur-yellow false bench (Hypholoma Fasciculare) - a poisonous mushroom, grows all year round on all types of trees
- Little-colored brick-red (Hypholoma Lateritium) - inedible mushroom, grows on deciduous trees from autumn in winter
- Falconocent Serezoplated (Hypholoma Capnoides) - grows from autumn in spring on coniferous trees, edible
Loading...
