Equipment for processing wood in chip. Rational use of wood waste. Where to take wood waste cheap or free

Ensure the purity and well-groomed garden or country site, everyone needs to love a country rest. And the most waste of natural origin remains precisely from the trees - this is beast foliage, dried branches, branches after crumbling or cutting off unnecessary vegetation. But wood is a valuable material suitable for further rational use (for the manufacture of compost, tooling plants, improve the composition of the soil and combating weed grasses, as well as as a good extract). In order not to dilute the valuable material, the car grinding machine will have to be very useful.

The main directions for chopping timber:

• - The process of wiring cut trees and bombs through a nozzle of a wood chopper equipped with a disk with knives, resulting in wood mass (mulch). Grinding trees are produced when clearing the territory after the emersion of the elements, when leaving for gardens and garden sites, the preparation of the territory for construction, punching requests, etc.
• - It is nothing but the wiring of cut trunks and bans through the nozzle crusher for branches. As a result, a mulch is formed, which is not recommended to throw away into the garbage containers, and it is frauded into random places with penalties. That is why it is best to use this kind of wood in more reasonable purposes.
• It is performed using rotating knives fixed in the woodcover disk. At the outlet, we obtain technological chips, which is used as a material for the production of DVP, chipboard, is a filler in building blocks, and also used as fuel in generators, boilers, heat stations working on wood waste.

Procedure for performing works on chopping wood and wood waste

All branch grinding machines require special care and use in accordance with the instructions. In the process of work, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the disdizable material, monitor the process to eliminate the ingress into the machine for grinding branches and logs of foreign objects, take special security measures. It is better to trust professionals who will take responsibility for the condition and performance of technology and professionally work work.

Initially, wood waste (better fresh) sorted, in accordance with their parameters. It is better to prepare a place for crushed waste in advance. Then they start the car for grinding branches and passes all accumulated wood waste through its nozzle. At the output of the crusher for branches, logs and trees, the flow of crushed chips is formed, which can be applied on purpose.

Advantages of renting special equipment for chopping wood

• This work implies the use of expensive technique, which is not always advisable to buy for personal use. Therefore, rent a crusher for branches is a reasonable solution.
• You protect yourself from troubles: the machine for grinding the branches is a high-risk tool, which is why when handling it is so important to adhere to the safety rules.
• You save on loading and export of branches, especially with their large cluster. The price of grinding branches will be lower.
• You do not need to delve into all the subtleties of the technical characteristics of the crusher for branches of different models, it is easier to address this work to those skilled in the art.
• Rent a crusher branches will cost much cheaper, if compared with the purchase of the necessary tool. In addition, you will be delivered from the need to carry out a technical inspection and maintain the device for grinding branches.
• Grinding services for branches that can be used two or three times a year, will help for a long time to solve the problem of the export of large wood debris beyond your site.

Wood shredders for rent

Professional specialists using innovative equipment and modern devices for grinding branches will quickly hold work on chopping branches, regardless of the level of complexity, including in areas of the large area. Trust professionals with extensive experience! We are ready to answer your questions and go on request.

Prices for lease of wood choppers

From 19,000 rubles. For 1 shift From 19,000 rubles. For 1 shift From 60,000 rubles. For 1 shift From 60,000 rubles. For 1 shift

Name	Cost
Skorpion 250 SDT Wood Shredder Rental
Vermeer BC 150 Wood Shredder Rent (The rental price by 1 shift includes: 7 hours of operation, operator, fuel, movement on the object, delivery to the object)
Morbark-3036B-WCl logs Morbark-3036B-WCL (The rental price by 1 shift includes: 8 hours of operation, operator, fuel, movement by object)
Rent of the chopper of wood waste and emerged stumps (The rental price for 1 shift includes: 8 hours of operation, operator, fuel)
Delivery to the object	from 30 000 rubles. (Does not enhance)
Rent a specialized loader for loading shredder (used in the absence of equipment from the customer)	15 000 rubles.

The tree is used in many areas of activity. This construction, furniture, various economic directions. But in the process of producing the necessary products there is a lot of waste. Their processing is not only the issue of environmental production, but also saving funds and resources. Therefore, business on wood waste today is a perspective direction.

Business relevance

Despite the fact that the woodworking business, as well as the Wood waste processing business, has long been long, Niche has not yet been filled. There are many ways to process sawdust, chips, bark and other things. For processing, only 50% of the existing material is used, and in Siberia and less - 35%. At the same time, the remains of dyeing and sawmills are not used at all. All this suggests that your business will always have raw materials for production.

At the same time, in the production of furniture, building materials, the amount of wood waste is about 45%. Moreover, not only sawdust, chips, but also a horn, bark.

Place of business organization

Under the mini-plant for the processing of wood waste must be rented or buying a room. Its area depends on what direction you have chosen. This affects the type and dimensions of industrial installations.

But most importantly, the location of production is most importantly correct. It must be placed not far from the place of delivery of raw materials. It is advisable to equip the workshop right on the woodworking enterprise.

Similarly, you need to consider sales channels. They also have to be placed not far from production, otherwise all profits will go to the logistics costs. Also should not be focused on exporting fuel produced to Europe. On the one hand, the demand for it in European countries is very high. But on the other hand, transport and customs expenses will be forced to exhibit for the goods an exorbitant price. Not to mention the fact that the goods for sale in Europe should pass a lot of inspections for compliance with all local standards. The optimal distance to which the goods can be treated from wood waste and receive good profits - no more than 100 km.

Types of wood waste

There are several types of wood waste. They can be divided into density:

• lump (solid);
• sawdust and chips (soft);
• bark.

Also, they are classified according to the method of obtaining:

• primary or secondary wood processing;
• using roundabout;
• deforestation.

From the type of wood waste depends on the technology of their processing, equipment that will require your business, sales markets and so on.

The processing process of waste

Wood recycling begins with sorting waste by wood, cutting, ferry processing, removal of fallen sections. Then the raw materials are treated with salts solutions to remove possible harmful components from wood, which could penetrate from wastewater or contaminated soil.

The next phase of processing is a mechanical crushing on special machines with gear discs. Before this stage, wood is sometimes treated with steam to alleviate grinding.

Equipment for processing

Depending on what direction you have chosen, the market offers separate specific equipment. But there is a whole list of aggregates that will be needed with any direction of activity. These include:

• screw conveyor;
• press forms;
• hand traamies;
• drying chamber;
• pinching machine;
• gas generator;
• mixing station;
• woodcuts and coarse cars;
• cumulative bunker;
• carbohylic furnaces;
• remote Control.

Scope of Waste Waste

First of all, the revised wood wastes are used in construction. For example, in the construction of houses on the Canadian system, plates are used, which includes chips, chips that glued with eco-friendly resins.

In addition, from wood waste do:

• chip-cement and chipboard;
• brick;
• gypsum sheets.

Also, waste is used on hydrolysis factories and paper factories, for the production of paper and cardboard.

Briquette production

Waste recycling business can be focused on the use of wood balances. As already mentioned, it can be building materials: brick, plates, gypsum sheets. But the most promising direction is the manufacture of fuel briquettes. The fact is that their thermal conductivity is approaching the thermal conductivity of coal. For example, if the heat combustion of the coal is released on 22 mJ / kg, then when combustion of wood briquettes - 19 MJ / kg. For comparison, the usual firewood gives 10 MJ / kg. In addition, after burning briquettes, the minimum amount of ash and gas CO2 remains.

Equipment for this production will require investments about 1 million rubles. least. In this case, the business plan includes the purchase of such equipment:

• warehouse;
• packaging;
• molding press;
• aggregates for grinding, waste drilling.

As practice shows, it is the production of wood briquettes that helps to bring this business to payback faster. Additionally, waste can be sold in other directions. For example, agriculture is an active consumer of wood sawdust.

Pellet production

They are used for heating both private houses and in industrial production. The level of thermal conductivity depends on the source material. The most demanded - wood sawdust. To establish the production of pellets, the business plan should provide for the purchase of such equipment:

• for packaging and packaging;
• cooler;
• press granuner;
• drying machine;
• equipment for crushing raw materials (up to 1 mm and less).

It is from 400 thousand rubles. and more. You can purchase special installations of European production, oriented specifically to make briquettes from sawdust. It is permissible to use wet sawdust - the unit conducts simultaneous drying. Works apparatus on dieselopliva and gas.

During the production of pellets, it is permissible to use straw, grain waste, but the higher the percentage of their content, the lower the quality of the final product. Pellets with low content of other impurities are used for home heating boilers. With high - for industrial, as well as for feline trays. But in any case, the percentage of additional impurities should not be above 5%.

Manufacture of fibrous plates

They are used both in the construction of buildings, finishing works and in the manufacture of furniture. In this case, the production plan is implemented in such stages:

• cleaning and chopping wood;
• steaming;
• second stage of grinding;
• drying;
• molding;
• pressing;
• grinding;
• decorative finish.

Today you can buy special lines for the manufacture of products such as foreign and domestic production.

Fuel production

If your business is focused on the production of fuel, it is worth buying a pyrolysis installation. It consists of such main nodes:

• node of the preparation of raw materials;
• pyrolysis boiler;
• gas pipe power station.

They are produced in Russia for more than 80 years, but foreign equipment can be bought. The domestic unit for 10 tons of sawdust per day costs about 30 million rubles. And it works partly on electricity, partly on fuel. Of 18 tons of waste, approximately 3 tons of fuel are obtained: gasoline (40%), diesel fuel (40%), fuel oil (20%).

Additional directions

Business can be built not only on the processing of sawdust. During the cooking of the bark and sawdust of coniferous trees, and their greenery remains condensate, which is also called a cubic residue. It contains water-soluble biologically active substances, organic acids, chlorophylls, carotes, provitamins, vitamins, and so on. From it you can prepare a useful coniferous extract, which is used in the manufacture of cosmetic preparations, medicinal drugs for animals, as well as feed additives for animals and birds.

The remaining after cooking is solid greens of coniferous trees can be recycled to the feed flour for animals. This is another direction that your business can use for additional sources of income. Especially since such flour has a bactericidal effect and is used as the prevention of tuberculosis in animals.

Another area that business can use is the production of fertilizer. This uses the composting method. It will be necessary to make special trenches and lay in them spent woody. During the ripening, it accumulates nitrogen. Such fertilizers are used for environmental and driving soils.

Opening costs

The expense plan at the initial stage will require considerable investments - at least 150 thousand dollars. They will go to repair the premises, the purchase of equipment, raw materials. The cost plan must include such items.

Arrangement of the room:

• alarm system, fire extinguishing system (2.1 thousand dollars);
• lighting ($ 500);
• power supply (1.8 thousand dollars);
• total ventilation ($ 800);
• ventilation technological and air ducts (4.5 thousand dollars);
• creating conditions for workers (2.5 thousand dollars).

Equipment costs (on the example of the production of fuel briquettes):

• commissioning work (10 thousand dollars);
• briquette production machine (110 thousand dollars);
• machine for facility (12 pieces, 1 thousand dollars);
• equipment for packing and warehousing (1.7 thousand dollars).

Other expenses:

• production costs (7.1 thousand dollars);
• consumables (2 thousand dollars);
• salary (3 shifts of 4 people, about 6 thousand dollars).

Monthly expense plan

The cost plan is formed on the basis that the production of briquettes will work at 20 o'clock per day and served by three brigades of 4 people each. Total per month on wages will leave about $ 300 per person and another 50% of taxes - approximately $ 5.5 thousand dollars.

Electricity costs are necessarily included in the cost plan. Equipment operating capacity will be 80 kW. It will work in a month about 600 hours, that is, pulls about $ 4.7 thousand.

Also need to include various additional costs. Thus, about 240 tons of briquettes will be carried out per day (equipment performance - 400 kg / hour). For them, 240 Europolot will need. For this purpose, about 2 thousand dollars must be laid into the expense plan.

Please note that the basic equipment of the equipment includes four screws auger. But they are wearing already in 80-90 tons of products produced. The cost of the nozzle is about $ 300. Used nozzles can be restored for $ 100. Then the cost plan will decrease. Of the additional materials you will need a stretch film, which will be treated with folded pallets. Total plan of monthly expenses will be about 8.9 thousand dollars.

Revenue plan

One ton of wood briquette costs $ 115. Taking into account the operation of the installation at 20 hours per day and the volume of production of 0.5 t / h, per month can produce products by $ 34.5 thousand. From this amount, it is necessary to take place the production costs and costs Consumables - approximately 9.1 thousand dollars. Total per month can be obtained up to 25.4 thousand dollars.

Possible investments can already six months, which is quite a good indicator for a small production. If you have enough funds to organize such a business, it is quite possible to establish promising and high-yield production.

The topic of recycling branches is relevant not only for enterprises whose activities are formed by wood waste, but for each amateur enjoy the beauty of their country area. Dispose of branches with the help of purchased aggregates or specialized companies are expensive, so fantasy and skills of masters of homemade are going to move.

In the process of improving the plantings of urban parks, under logging, during work on the household plot, etc. Wood waste is inevitably formed, the lion's share of which is ordinary branches. Their disposal today assumes one of the following ways:

1. Export of branches on the landfill. Extremely irregular and outdated method, but which still has a place to be.
2. Burning. The method is widely used by all gardeners. It requires compliance with special safety regulations, it allows the process of obtaining wood ash, which finds use as a good fertilizer.
3. Recycling. The most economically and environmentally friendly way. Includes several different methods that are successfully implemented in industrial enterprises, and on the scale of personal subsidiary farm.

Note! Burning of branches and leaves on household plots can lead to large fires. In this regard, when delivering from this way, it is necessary to follow the rules established by the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

Processing methods

Recycling branches and other wood waste includes methods shared conditionally into several groups.

1. Physico-chemical. The essence of this group of processing technologies is to effect on the initial raw materials with chemical reagents and physical factors. This includes, for example, hydrolysis (decomposition of polysaccharides in sulfuric acid for ethanol production) and pyrolysis (preparation of pyrolysis fuel from wood waste in an airless medium under high temperatures).
2. Mechanical. Impact on branches and other wood residues with different types of equipment in order to change the volumes and size of waste for their further use.
3. Biological. Decomposition of the organic component of wood by microorganisms (worms) to obtain compost (composting). Extremely slow process and therefore on an industrial scale is infrequent.

The most simple and accessible is the mechanical method, namely the processing of branches in the chip with the help of special equipment, more about which is described below.

Equipment for processing

Equipment for obtaining chips from branches and other woodwastes is represented:

• low-speed shredders are used in the production of chips with a size of 0.8-1 cm;
• industrial shredders equipped with special cutting knives;
• horizontal shredders equipped with tightening rolls, the supply of raw materials is carried out by the vibroconveor.

After grinding, wood undergo a series of transformations. For example, fuel briquettes are obtained from it (for this purpose chips, sawdust) are used). To implement this process, a briquetting press is required.

Currently, garden shredders are popular - apparatuses for processing branches in sins used to clean country areas. The functioning of such aggregates is based on the principle of operation of meat grinders. All varieties of household choppers are equipped:

grinding system;

the engine with which the entire mechanism is performed.

Similar machines for recycling branches can be purchased in specialized stores. However, they are either excessively expensive or "affordable", but with insufficient capacity and far from the best quality. In this regard, the actual decision becomes an independent assembly of the chopper of the branches.

The appearance of the purchased unit, the grinding branch in the chip, its work and the result of processing can be viewed in this video.

His shredder with her own hands

The homemade chopper of the branches does not have significant structural differences from purchased aggregates. The homemade bunker can be an unnecessary decent capacity of metal tank. Some craftsmen use the old saucepan or barrel for this purpose. Based on the future bunker, a hole for a device will be drilled at the preparatory stage, which will drive a homemade knives. In a simple way, the use of the Bulgarian engine is considered.

Photo of homemade chopper branches from Bulgarian

The cutting mechanism can also be constructed personally or buy in the store. In the first case, a metal plate with sharpened edges is used.

In our example, such a design is proposed:

• the direct grinders of the branches - the bunker, to which the Bulgarian and the knife mechanism is properly attached;
• carrying construction made of metal to which the unit is installed;
• protective bunker cover.

Find detailed instructions for creating shredders at home can easily be easily on the Internet. On different sites are drawings of simple and not very homemade installations, one of which can be seen below.

Drawing of a knife disk chopper (most popular on the Internet)

The work of the self-made unit for chopping large branches in the country and the result obtained in this is the following video.

Recycling branches, both on an industrial scale and in its own summer cottage, has unconditional benefits. Recycling such waste at the enterprise, specialists receive valuable products, for example, in the form of fuel. Cashing the grinding of branches in the chip on the cottages, gardeners save themselves from smoke and excess time and money.

Being a publicly accessible and easy-to-current natural resource, known people since ancient times, is a universal and practical raw material, from which a person learned to make a huge number of a wide variety of things, including semi-finished products, finished products and other products.

In the world, technologies and new methods of processing of this material are constantly emerging, allowing it to be used as rationally as possible with respect to all. Moreover, for this purpose, not only the main parts of the trees shafts are used, but also wood waste, such as trimming, chips, sawdust, etc.

In order for wood to become suitable for, it needs to go through appropriate processing and processing using special technologies and equipment.

In the process of preparation for further use, wood can be exposed to various types, including biological, mechanical and chemical processing.

Under biological processing of wood It is customary to understand the process, as a result of which products used in various sectors of the national economy are produced from low-quality raw materials. These are feed protein yeast and other valuable microbiological synthesis products. In addition, in such a way it produces ethyl alcohol, furfurol, xylitis.

Mechanical recycling It is a complex of operations aimed at changing the shape and volume of the feedstock without the transformation of its content. Most often, this process is accompanied by a breakdown between fibers as a result of its sawing, planing, milling and other operations.

Chemical processing It is to effect on wood raw materials with chemical compounds of various types.

It includes several main industries:

• Pulp and paper (manufacture of cardboard and paper);
• Hydrolysis;
• Pyrolysis (or dry distillation);
• Panfield and turpentine production.

As with their own hands you can make a chopper for wood processing, tells the video:

Pyrolysis

Under the term "pyrolysis" it is customary to understand the process of "dry distillation", the decomposition of wood when it is heated to 450 degrees in the airless space, to obtain liquid, gaseous products and solid residue - charcoal.

The wood pyrolysis technology is the sequential execution of the following steps:

• Brokes of used raw materials into pieces.
• Drying wood subject to cutting.
• Pyrolysis itself itself.
• Cooling and stabilization of coal masses in order to prevent its ignition.
• Condensation of vapors formed volatile compounds.

In an industrial scale, this method of processing wood began to practice in the 19th century, and, to obtain a final product, which in this case was acetic acid, the raw material of the deciduous tree of the tree was used.

And today, the pyrolysis of wood is carried out, mainly using wood deciduous trees (for example, birch). Much less often, with comprehensive processing, the raw materials of coniferous breeds are used. At the same time, as a result of pyrolysis of birch with a moisture content of 10-15%, about 25% of wood coal, 50% of liquid (so-called residents) and about 23% of gaseous products are formed.

Sketchy image of the process of pyrolysis of wood

The resulting charcoal is sorted depending on the size of its fractions and is sent directly to the customer or is further recycling. As a result of settling the liquid residue, a resin is obtained, from which a large number of valuable products is produced, including acetic acid, methanol, aldehydes, ketones, esters, etc.

The composition of gaseous products resulting from the pyrolysis of wood include dioxide (45-55% of the total mass), carbon monoxide (28-32%), methane (8-21%) and other hydrocarbons.

Implementation of the process at home

Wood pyrolysis technology is used both on industrial scales and at home. One example of the individual use of this method of wood processing is home-made pyrolysis installation designed to utilize wood waste and obtaining free energy for heating greenhouses, utility rooms and residential buildings.

The efficiency of such a heating device, which can be collected with your own hands, is about 90%! It works on environmentally friendly fuel, it has an economy and practicality in operation.

In this case, estimating wood as a source of energy according to a generally accepted scale of five points, this material can be assigned "excellent" for availability, low cost and practicality.

Gasification of wood

One of the options for processing wood is its gasification - the process consisting in the conversion of solid raw materials into gaseous fuel. Unlike combustion, this technological operation is performed with limited air intake in the gas generator unit, sufficient only to form carbon oxide.

Gasification includes two main process: direct and addressed. When the first movement of gases in the gas generator occurs in the bottom direction upwards. That is, the air passes into the installation through a special hole - pushed, located under a grate grid, and through the upper part of the device, products obtained as a result of gasification are displayed.

In the installations operating on the proof principle, the movement of gases is carried out in the opposite direction: from top to bottom. Air supply is performed through a hole above the grate grille, and gasification products are out of the lower part of the generator.

The main purpose of this type of processing is to obtain a combustible gas used to obtain energy with simultaneous disposal of forest waste disposal. The most common examples of the practical application of gasification are gas-generated solid fuel boilers, as well as internal combustion engines, etc.

Principle of operation of the gas generator boiler for long burning "Traian":

Hydrolysis

One of the common methods of wood processing is its hydrolysis, a specific process, during which woody raw materials are exposed to weak acids. At the industrial production of the hydrolysis reaction proceeds in special devices - autoclaves, wherein the initial raw materials, sulfuric acid and steam are placed.

In the autoclave, certain conditions are created (elevated temperature and pressure level), as a result of the combination of which, with the effects of acid, the cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition occurs, which are the main components of the wood. When this process proceeds, solutions of simple sugars are formed, in solid state containing lignin and volatile substances.

The solid part of the wood, lignin, is a by-product of this type of processing. It is separated from the mass of the overall solution, which is sent to the evaporator, where the furfurol, vinegar and formic acids and methyl alcohol and methyl alcohol are distinguished from it.

After that, the remaining part of the solution is injected with a hawed lime, neutralizing sulfuric acid, resulting in the formation of gypsum sludge and purified sugar substances. These substances are sent for further processing, subjected to fermentation, after which ethyl alcohol is allocated 1.2-1.6%.

From the remainder of the "Introduction" from the remaining part, which is used to produce the most important product - feed yeast and performing the role of the binder component in the manufacture of casting forms, etc.

Wood processing and grinding equipment

To obtain a finite product from raw materials, equipment of various types is used, including:

• Safety shredders used to produce chips with dimensions from 8 to 10 mm.
• Shredders serve to grind wood waste of various sizes. Special cutting knives are used as the main element.
• Horizontal shredders. Processing long and short waste.
• Briquetting presses. Used for the manufacture of briquettes intended for heating.
• Silos. Designed for storage, transportation and unloading.

This looks like a standard machine designed to grind wood in chip

Shredders

Wood choppers are devices, the main purpose of which is the processing and its waste type, rail, as well as sections and branches in the chip of technological purpose.

By the type of structure of the working body, these aggregates are divided into the following groups:

• Drum shredders. (Includes machines of a knife, incisive and hammer type).
• Disk.
• Rotary.

By download type:

• Machines with horizontal
• and inclined loading.

By type of unloading:

• With top
• and lower unloading.

By the nature of the use:

• Mobile
• stationary.

Hammer crushers

The hammer crusher is called the mechanical machine of the crushing type, which serves to destroy the starting wood raw materials through the blows of the hammers recorded on the rotor rotating at high speed or the destruction of the tree tissue due to the strikes of its pieces about the device housing plate.

This unit is distinguished by a variety of positive characteristics, including:

• Universality (can work with waste of any type).
• Power. (It is possible to recycle borons with a diameter of up to 46 cm).
• Departure.

Crushing machines

Wood crushing machines are called special equipment used for crushing and grinding wood and wood waste. The result of such processing is chip - wood particles of small sizes ,.

Inpatient and mobile type crushers are distinguished in woodworking shops or export. They may have different power, allowing these aggregates to produce a final product of various composition and fractions. Next chips are used as fuel or for the manufacture of other products.

The video shows the work of wood chopper in chip:

Disposal of wood

One of the most important stages of woodworking production is the processing of wood waste. Most often by-products of its production are used as an inexpensive energy source. This processing industry is very promising and is actively developing at present.

In addition, other methods are used to dispose of wood. These include:

• Production of charcoal and chicken briquettes.
• Briquetting of waste woodworking small size.
• Gasification.

The process of logging, woodworking and secondary production is associated with the formation of wood waste. The volumes of dilution of woody production are commensurate with the volumes of finished products. An additional source of wood waste is forestarms and green cities planting, which are periodically subjected to sanitary cutting and cleaning. However, it finds useful use of not more than half of the remains of wood. The valuable natural material simply rotates without attempts to dispose. Therefore, the processing of wood waste and the secondary use of raw materials remain relevant.

The following types of raw materials remain on the procurement polygons:

• roots and stumps;
• branches and branches;
• small woody greens;
• sawdust and chips;
• bark and tops.

In sawmill production, the fifth part of the brought material is classified as non-flame wood or firewood, and part goes into sawdust. In combines for the production of furniture, plywood, veneer The share of waste is 35-60% of the volume of lumber.

It is worth noting that wood residues are a valuable source of raw materials for recycling in order to obtain products and materials for various purposes. Their recycling will serve to save natural resources and solving environmental problems.

Classification of wood raw materials

Wood waste is classified by density:

• bark and lob;
• soft - chips and sawdust, dust, woody greens: needles and leaves;
• solid or lumpy - here include stumps, hill, roots, branches of trees, trimming.

By method of obtaining:

• when cutting the forest: stumps, vertices, branches, bark, trimming, firewood;
• when processing rounded or primary sawmill;
• residues from veneer production and: chips and sawdust, cutting non-thendition, rail, hill, bark;
• secondary waste furniture factories: cutting board, chips and sawdust.

Methods of use

Woodworking waste is widely used, they are in demand in many branches of the economy:

• building;
• chipboard;
• cement-chipboard;
• arbolit;
• brick;
• gypsum sheets;
• paper production
• paper and cardboard;
• source of thermal energy;
• fuel briquettes and pellets;
• firewood;
• agriculture;
• compost to increase the level of fertility of sublibious soil;
• additive from sawdust in the soil of greenhouses and greenhouses;
• petty for animals;
• recycling of solid waste after digestion of the extract into the feed flour with an antibacterial property.

Sawdust of all species is in demand in hydrolysis and brick production, for heating and manufacturing sheets on a plaster basis, to obtain opilk concrete and organic fuel.

In private farms, women and cellars are insulated with wooden sawdust. Under the conditions of industrial sawdust enterprises are necessary for filtering waste. A mixture of sawdust with serves as an excellent beytole filler.

On paper mills and agriculture use wood waste. Small and large chips, especially coniferous trees, are needed to obtain a special construction material of Arbolit. Recycled chips after special treatment are laid in wood-chip and cement-chip, which are necessary in housing construction.

Wood grinding equipment in chip

Methods of processing

Waste waste recycling is carried out in two main technologies:

• the hydrolysis chemical method is obtained as a result of turpentine, acetic acid, coal;
• mechanical - after grinding wood leaves chips for the manufacture of construction stoves, granules and briquettes for heating.

Turning wood starts from separation over the varieties and rocks of the tree. Then the raw materials are separated, purified from the areas of rot, treated with steam.

For cleaning from harmful impurities, penetrated from the soil or wastewater, treated with saline solutions.

At the next stage, the material passes crushing on machines with gear discs. In order to facilitate the process and reduce the load on the drive, the crusher is subjected to steam-paper.

Processing technology and necessary equipment are selected based on the type of wood waste.

Specialized hardware processing equipment is selected depending on the selected processing method.

In any case, you will need:

• press forms;
• screw conveyor;
• hand traamies;
• pinching unit;
• mixing station;
• woodcuts;
• shredder shredders;
• separators;
• briquetteers;
• gas generator;
• bunker drive;
• furnace for burning coal;
• control station;
• transporters.

Getting charcoal

Effectively utilize wood waste with the manufacture of charcoal. Charcoal is used as a secondary component in metallurgical and chemical production.

In construction technologies, it is used for thermal insulation. How the overproduction product serves as an additive to the feed mixture for livestock and poultry.

Characterized charcoal with high caloriness and lack of toxicity, it completely consists of carbon. In the process of combustion does not emit poisonous substances, as well as it is suitable for cooking.

Organic fuel processing

In European countries are concerned about the issues of ecology and try to reduce the minimum environment as much as possible. One method is the development of green technologies and the use of environmentally friendly fuel on an organic basis. Development is successfully used after processing as fuel.

Cheap types of organic fuels derived from groundwater waste:

Briquettes

Made from woodworking residues. Can support burning within 8 hours due to high density. With minimal carbon monoxide release provide persistent heat.

Fuel material in the form of granules with high caloriness.

The production of cheap energy carriers is to solve the issue of utilization of sawmills, protecting the natural environment and obtaining an alternative type of energy.

Making fuel briquettes

One of the promising areas for processing woodworking waste is. The popularity of solid fuel boilers is growing, because they are economical and effective. And the calorific value of the briquettes is comparable to stone coal.

The amount of heat selected when coal combustion is 22 MJ per kilogram, and wood briquettes - 19. For example, the calorific value of firewood 10 MJ / kg. Ecological material for heating is characterized by low ashivity, and the feedstock serves as a sector.

Due to the permanent increase in prices on, the need for alternative heat sources will increase.

To equip processing production, it will be necessary:

• warehouse and transport equipment;
• installation for grinding recycling;
• molding press;
• packing unit;
• drying unit.

Pellet production

The demand for used in everyday life and in production is held at a high level. The duration of burning and calorific value depend on the feedstock. In most cases, sawdust apply.

Production line includes:

• crusher;
• drying equipment;
• coolers;
• granulators;
• packaging machines.

Shipping production

The progressive technology of solid waste processing is the receipt of chips. Ships are needed as technological raw materials for other industries and fuel. In accordance with the appointment, it is divided into technological chips and fuel.

Of the practical observations it became clear that the active combustion in the furnace is observed after laying a crushed material with a size of 25-100 mm. The use of large wood residues does not give effective incineration, because the dense layer is not formed.

Grinding recyclable occurs on choping machines.

Drumboard

Their design is different for various types and size of recyclable residues and requirements for the quality of finished chips.

Machines are embedded in the technological line. Taking into account the individual characteristics of production, they are produced with a horizontal and inclined location of the loading cartridge, the upper, lower and lateral tap of chips, left and right-hand. This allows you to create the best working conditions and increase productivity.

The dimensions of wood waste affect the location of the cartridge and the magnitude of its passage section. The processing plan and technology applied determine the choice of machine performance.

The second equally important mechanism for processing chip is the sorting of a giracy type. The feature of its design is that a box with several sieves makes a circular motion in a horizontal plane.

During the processing of sawmage waste at modern installations, the main production is obtained by a huge amount of additional raw materials. Thanks to the timely disposal of wood waste, the ecological situation of the region is improved, where production is located. Therefore, the issue of wood waste disposal is made on the administrative level of any edge.

Video: Production of wood processing