I. General provisions

1. This Model Regulation regulates the activities of state and municipal preschool educational institutions of all types.

2. For non-state preschool educational institutions, this Model Regulation is exemplary.

3. Preschool educational institution - a type of educational institution that implements the basic general education program of preschool education.

The state status of a preschool educational institution (type, type and category of educational institution, determined in accordance with the level and focus of the educational programs it implements) is established when it state accreditation, unless otherwise provided by federal laws.

A preschool educational institution provides education, training and development, as well as supervision, care and health improvement for children aged 2 months to 7 years.

4. Preschool educational institution creates conditions for the implementation guaranteed to citizens of the Russian Federation the right to receive public and free preschool education.

5. The main objectives of a preschool educational institution are:

protecting the lives and strengthening the physical and mental health of children;
ensuring cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical development of children;
education, taking into account the age categories of children, citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for surrounding nature, Motherland, family;
implementation of the necessary correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children;
interaction with children's families to ensure the full development of children;
providing advisory and methodological assistance to parents (legal representatives) on issues of upbringing, education and development of children.

6. A preschool educational institution can carry out rehabilitation of disabled children if it has appropriate conditions.

7. Preschool educational institutions include educational institutions of the following types:

kindergarten (implements the basic general education program of preschool education in groups with a general developmental focus);

kindergarten for children early age(implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation for children aged 2 months to 3 years, creates conditions for social adaptation and early socialization of children);

kindergarten for children of preschool (senior preschool) age (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation, as well as, if necessary, in groups of compensatory and combined orientation for children aged 5 to 7 years with priority implementation of activities to ensure equal starting opportunities for teaching children in general educational institutions);

kindergarten for supervision and health improvement (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in health-related groups with priority implementation of activities for carrying out sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures);

compensatory kindergarten (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in compensatory groups with priority implementation of activities for the qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of one or more categories of children with disabilities health);

a combined kindergarten (implements the basic general education program of preschool education in groups of general developmental, compensatory, health-improving and combined orientations in various combinations);

a general developmental kindergarten with priority implementation of activities in one of the areas of children's development (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation with priority implementation of activities for the development of children in one of such areas as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic or physical);

child development center - kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups with a general developmental focus with priority implementation of activities for the development of children in several areas, such as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical).

8. Basic structural unit preschool educational institution is a group of children preschool age.

In the case of the creation of groups in educational institutions of other types that implement the basic general education program of preschool education in accordance with the license, their activities are regulated by these Model Regulations.

Groups can have a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving or combined focus.

In general developmental groups, preschool education is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation.

In compensatory groups, qualified correction of deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development and preschool education of children with disabilities is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed independently by it on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

Health-related groups are created for children with tuberculosis intoxication, frequently ill children and other categories of children who need a set of special health-improving measures. In recreational groups, preschool education of children is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as a complex of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

In combined groups, healthy children and children with disabilities are educated together in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed independently by it on the basis of the approximate basic general education program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

Groups can include both children of the same age and children of different ages (multi-age groups).

The groups also differ in the time the children stay and operate in a mode full day(12-hour stay), shortened day (8 to 10 hour stay), extended day (14-hour stay), short stay (3 to 5 hours per day) and 24-hour stay. Groups operate in 5-day and 6-day modes working week. At the request of parents (legal representatives), it is possible to organize group work also on weekends and holidays.

9. A preschool educational institution in its activities is guided by federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the relevant state or municipal body exercising management in the field of education, these Model Regulations, the charter of a preschool educational institution (hereinafter - charter), an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

10. The language (languages) in which training and education are conducted in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder and (or) the charter. In a preschool educational institution, conditions are created for learning the Russian language as state language Russian Federation.

11. In order to fulfill its tasks, a preschool educational institution has the right to establish direct connections with enterprises, institutions and organizations, including foreign ones.

12. A preschool educational institution bears responsibility, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, for:

performing the functions specified by the charter;
implementation in full of the basic general education program of preschool education;
quality of implemented educational programs;
compliance of the applied forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process with the age, psychophysiological characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of children;
life and health of children and employees of preschool educational institutions during the educational process.

13. The creation and implementation of activities is not allowed in a preschool educational institution organizational structures political parties, socio-political and religious movements and organizations (associations). In state and municipal preschool educational institutions, education is secular in nature.

II. Organization of activities of a preschool educational institution

14. A preschool educational institution is created by the founder and registered in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

15. The founders of a state preschool educational institution are federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The founders of a municipal preschool educational institution are local government bodies.

16. The relationship between the founder and the preschool educational institution is determined by an agreement concluded between them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

17. The rights of a legal entity in terms of maintaining the statutory financial economic activity arise at a preschool educational institution from the moment of its registration.

A preschool educational institution independently carries out financial and economic activities, may have an independent balance sheet and a personal account (account) opened in in the prescribed manner, standard seal, stamp and forms with your name.

18. The right to conduct educational activities and receive benefits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation arises for a preschool educational institution from the moment a license (permit) is issued to it.

19. A preschool educational institution undergoes state accreditation in the manner established by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”.

20. A preschool educational institution may be created, reorganized and liquidated in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

21. The content of the educational process in a preschool educational institution is determined by the educational program of preschool education, developed, adopted and implemented by it independently in accordance with federal state requirements for the structure of the main general education program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation established federal body executive power, carrying out the functions of developing public policy and legal regulation in the field of education, and taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

22. In accordance with the goals and objectives defined by the charter, a preschool educational institution may implement additional educational programs and provide additional educational services beyond the educational programs that determine its status, taking into account the needs of the family and on the basis of an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

Paid educational services cannot be provided in return and within the framework of the main educational activities financed by the founder.

23. The operating hours of a preschool educational institution and the length of stay of children in it are determined by the charter, an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder.

24. The organization of catering in a preschool educational institution is the responsibility of the preschool educational institution.

25. Medical service Children in preschool educational institutions are provided by health authorities. Medical personnel, along with the administration, are responsible for the health and physical development children, carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures, compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, regime and ensuring the quality of food. A preschool educational institution is obliged to provide premises with appropriate working conditions medical workers, monitor their work in order to protect and strengthen the health of children and employees of preschool educational institutions.

26. Teaching staff preschool educational institutions are required to undergo periodic medical examinations, which are carried out at the expense of the founder.

III. Staffing a preschool educational institution

27. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and is enshrined in the charter.

28. Children aged from 2 months to 7 years are admitted to a preschool educational institution. Admission of children is carried out on the basis of a medical report, application and identification documents of one of the parents (legal representatives).

29. Children with disabilities and disabled children are accepted into compensatory and combined groups of a preschool educational institution only with the consent of their parents (legal representatives) on the basis of the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission.

30. When admitting children with limited health capabilities and disabled children to preschool educational institutions of any type, the preschool educational institution is obliged to provide the necessary conditions to organize corrective work.

31. The number of groups in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder based on their maximum occupancy.

32. In general development groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the age of the children and is:

from 2 months to 1 year - 10 children;
from 1 year to 3 years - 15 children;
from 3 years to 7 years - 20 children.

In different age groups for general development purposes, the maximum capacity is if there are children in the group:

two ages (from 2 months to 3 years) - 8 children;
any three ages (from 3 to 7 years) - 10 children;
any two ages (from 3 to 7 years) - 15 children.

33. In compensatory groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the category of children and their age (under 3 years and over 3 years) and is:

for children with severe speech impairments - 6 and 10 children;
for children with phonetic-phonemic speech disorders only over the age of 3 years - 12 children;
for deaf children - 6 children for both age groups;
for hearing impaired children - 6 and 8 children;
for blind children - 6 children for both age groups;
for visually impaired children, for children with amblyopia, strabismus - 6 and 10 children;
for children with musculoskeletal disorders - 6 and 8 children;
for children with mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with mild mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with moderate, severe mental retardation only over the age of 3 years - 8 children;
for children with autism only over the age of 3 years - 5 children;
for children with a complex defect (having a combination of 2 or more deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development) - 5 children for both age groups;
for children with other disabilities - 10 and 15 children.

34. In recreational groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the category of children and their age (under 3 years and over 3 years) and is:

for children with tuberculosis intoxication - 10 and 15 children;
for children who are often sick - 10 and 15 children;
for other categories of children who need a complex of special health measures - 12 and 15 children.

35. In combined groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the age of the children (under 3 years old and over 3 years old) and the category of children with disabilities and is:

up to 3 years old - 10 children, including no more than 3 children with disabilities;
over 3 years old:
10 children, including no more than 3 deaf children, or blind children, or children with musculoskeletal disorders, or children with moderate, severe mental retardation, or children with a complex defect;

15 children, including no more than 4 visually impaired and (or) children with amblyopia and strabismus, or hearing-impaired children, or children with severe speech impairments, or children with mild mental retardation;

17 children, including no more than 5 children with mental retardation.

IV. Participants in the educational process

36. Participants in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are children, their parents (legal representatives), and teaching staff.

37. When admitting children to a preschool educational institution, the latter is obliged to familiarize parents (legal representatives) with the charter, a license to conduct educational activities, a certificate of state accreditation of a preschool educational institution and other documents regulating the organization of the educational process.

38. The establishment of fees charged to parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution is made in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

39. The relationship between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) is regulated by an agreement, which includes the mutual rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties arising in the process of education, training, development, supervision, care and health of children, the duration of the child’s stay in the preschool educational institution , as well as calculation of the amount of fees charged to parents (legal representatives) for maintaining a child in a preschool educational institution.

40. The relationship between the child and the staff of the preschool educational institution is built on the basis of cooperation, respect for the child’s personality and providing him with freedom of development in accordance with his individual characteristics.

41. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is regulated by the charter.

42. Persons with secondary vocational or higher vocational education are allowed to engage in teaching activities in a preschool educational institution. The educational qualifications of these persons are confirmed by state-issued documents on the appropriate level of education and (or) qualifications.

The following persons are not allowed to engage in teaching activities:

deprived of the right to engage in teaching activities in accordance with a court verdict that has entered into legal force;
having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for intentional grave and especially grave crimes;
recognized as legally incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by federal law;
having diseases included in the list approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare, social development, labor and consumer protection.

43. If necessary, the staffing schedules of preschool educational institutions providing education, training, development, supervision, care and health improvement of children with disabilities, disabled children, as well as correction of deficiencies in their physical and (or) mental development additional positions of special education teachers, speech therapists, speech therapists, educational psychologists, social educators, educators and other workers (depending on the category of children) within the limits of allocations allocated by decision of the founder for these purposes.

44. The rights of employees of a preschool educational institution and measures of their social support are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the charter and the employment contract.

45. Employees of a preschool educational institution have the right:

to participate in the management of a preschool educational institution in the manner determined by the charter;
to protect their professional honor, dignity and business reputation.

46. ​​A preschool educational institution establishes:

wages employees depending on the employee’s qualifications, complexity, intensity, quantity, quality and conditions of the work performed, as well as compensation payments (additional payments and allowances of a compensatory nature) and incentive payments (additional payments and allowances of an incentive nature, bonuses and other incentive payments) within the limits of budgetary allocations , allocated for wages;
structure for managing the activities of a preschool educational institution;
staffing table And job responsibilities workers.

V. Management of a preschool educational institution

47. The management of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, other legislative acts of the Russian Federation, these Model Regulations and the charter.

48. The management of a preschool educational institution is based on the principles of unity of command and self-government, ensuring the state-public nature of the management of a preschool educational institution. Forms of self-government of a preschool educational institution, ensuring state-public the nature of management are the board of trustees, general meeting, pedagogical council and other forms. The procedure for electing self-government bodies and their competence are determined by the charter.

49. The direct management of a preschool educational institution is carried out by a head who has passed the appropriate certification.

Hiring of the head of a preschool educational institution is carried out in the manner determined by the charter and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

50. Head of a preschool educational institution:

acts on behalf of the preschool educational institution, represents it in all institutions and organizations;
disposes of the property of the preschool educational institution within the limits of the rights granted to it by the agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder;
issues powers of attorney;
opens a personal account (account) in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
carries out hiring and placement of personnel, encourages employees of a preschool educational institution, imposes penalties and dismisses from work;
bears responsibility for the activities of the preschool educational institution to the founder.

VI. Property and funds of the institution

51. For a preschool educational institution, in order to ensure educational activities in accordance with the charter, the founder in the prescribed manner assigns objects of ownership (buildings, structures, property, equipment, as well as other necessary property for consumer, social, cultural and other purposes).

A preschool educational institution owns, uses and disposes of the property assigned to it with the right of operational management in accordance with its purpose, charter and legislation of the Russian Federation.

Land plots are assigned to state and municipal preschool educational institutions in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution is responsible to the owner for the safety and efficient use property assigned to him.

52. Financial support for the activities of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution has the right to attract, in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, additional financial resources through the provision of paid additional educational and other services provided for by the charter, as well as through voluntary donations and targeted contributions from individuals and (or) legal entities, including foreign citizens and (or) foreign legal entities.

A preschool educational institution has the right to conduct, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, income-generating activities provided for by the charter.

53. When financially providing small-scale rural pre-school educational institutions considered as such by state authorities and bodies in charge of education, costs should be taken into account that do not depend on the number of children.

54. Attraction by a preschool educational institution of additional financial resources specified in paragraph 52 of these Model Regulations does not entail a reduction in the amount of its financing from the funds of the founder.

55. Financial and material resources of a preschool educational institution, assigned to it by the founder, are used by the preschool educational institution in accordance with the charter and are not subject to seizure, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

When a preschool educational institution is liquidated, financial resources and other property, minus payments to cover its obligations, are directed to the development of education.

Chapter 7. General education

Chapter 8. Professional education

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education for certain categories of students

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education

new basic law on education in Russia

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law was developed in order to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education and is a fundamental regulatory legal act in the field of education.

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialty, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistantship internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various orientations and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of entities that have the right to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of “non-educational” organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law contains a separate article devoted to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs leading educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students in vocational education institutions.

The law contains separate norms dedicated to:

Credit-module system for organizing the educational process and a system of credit units;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including a mechanism for crediting the results of mastering individual parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process and others.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, the models have been updated economic activity in the field of education.

From the date of entry into force of this law, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” are recognized as no longer in force.

Russian Federation

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Duma

Federation Council

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law is social relations arising in the field of education in connection with the implementation of the right to education, ensuring state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter referred to as relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

In 2018, changes were made that help improve the quality of education and the comfort level of students. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens. This issue is quite acute today, since due to the impossibility of enrolling a son or daughter in a preschool, thousands of Russian women cannot start working and raise the material level of their family.

Law on Preschool Education 2018

The adoption of the law involves making a number of changes to the previously existing bill. The latest changes will help make preschool education more accessible and convenient for both children and their parents.

The law provides for resolving basic issues related to:

• sending children to preschool institutions,
• the right to receive certain services,
• actions in case of lack of space in the selected garden.

KEEP THIS FOR YOURSELF SO YOU DON'T LOSE:

Published in the magazines “Directory of the head of a preschool institution” and “Directory of a senior teacher of a preschool institution” important materials for heads of preschool educational institutions:

1. What should the kindergarten development program be like? 2. Social partners: who is useful to the preschool educational institution and how

Knowing all the intricacies of the new bill will help parents quickly navigate controversial situation and know the procedure for their successful resolution. The innovations also affected the procedure, the age of registration of children in kindergarten and the possibility of obtaining a place in the institution on a preferential basis. Educators will also be able to learn about their rights to provide a certain range of educational and educational services. The bill is aimed at correcting shortcomings in the preschool education system with the aim of generally improving the functioning of this area.

Law on preschool education

This bill regulates all the intricacies of the work of kindergartens - from the selection of groups to the features of educational programs. The law provides the right to receive free preschool education to absolutely all children, regardless of their place of residence and registration in the country.

Previously, only 40 percent of preschoolers received places in kindergartens. Today, it happens that the heads of preschool institutions refuse to accept the child into kindergarten. Adoption law on education of preschool institutions regulates this issue. Until recently, it was easier to design a place in the garden from the age of three. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to decide on a nursery. Gradually, this situation will be resolved by introducing new places for children from one and a half years old on a paid basis.

Since 2018, kindergarten must accept all children from the age of three to seven, if there are unoccupied places in the preschool institution.

Features that the law on the education of preschool institutions takes into account

In 2018, the bill was amended to regulate the following issues.

1. The total number of permanent groups in gardens will be reduced by 1.5 times.
2. Parents will have the opportunity to send their children to schools that operate exclusively on an educational basis, absolutely free of charge.
3. Special counseling centers will begin operating. In them, families who need support will be able to receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory assistance.
4. Kindergartens receive the right (and not exclusively the obligation) to provide care, supervision and education for children in the institution.
5. The law provides for compensation for fees in the amount of 20 percent for the first child, 50 for the second, 70 for the third and all subsequent ones. Mandatory payment for services is regulated depending on pricing in the market in full.
6. Kindergartens receive the right to refuse to provide places for children aged one and a half, two, three years and older in the event of their absence.
7. Parents of pupils have the right to wait in line for a free place in another preschool institution.

Law on preschool education provides for the possibility in the future of obtaining the right for families of children to invite educators to the home for one-and-a-half-year-old pupils. It is planned to create preschool groups at schools, as well as an increase in the number of private kindergartens.

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Who will receive preferential tuition in a preschool institution?

Innovations in the legislation provide for the design of a place in the garden without the need for the next person to get in line.

1. Orphans, adopted children, as well as those who are under guardianship or left without parental care.
2. For pupils whose families suffered due to the Chernobyl disaster.
3. Children whose parents are orphans or are without parental care at the age of 18-23 years.
4. For pupils whose parents are employees of the prosecutor's office, the Investigative Committee or the police.
5. Disabled parents, single mothers, large families, children of kindergarten workers, children who have a brother or sister studying at this institution can also receive registration without a queue.
6. Children whose parents serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When exactly will children be able to register for kindergarten?

Provides for the right to children from three to seven years old to study in preschool institutions free of charge. The opportunity to enroll in kindergarten directly depends on the availability of places in the chosen institution. Workload and admission of children into groups is carried out taking into account the rules internal regulations specific children's organization.

Actions in case of lack of space for children in preschool educational institutions

Law on preschool education 2018 allows the child’s family to write a special application for the purpose of registering the child in another kindergarten. If a parent is denied admission to his children, he can write a complaint to the city education department. This application must be considered and an appropriate decision made.

If in this department the parents receive a refusal to register their child in a preschool institution, they can go to the prosecutor’s office or write a letter to the President to get help in resolving the controversial situation.

• Innovations that provide for amendments to legislation guarantee significant changes in the field of preschool education.
• By reducing the number of children in groups, it becomes possible to provide an individual approach to each child, reducing the burden on teachers.
• Certain categories of citizens will have the opportunity to send their children to kindergarten without having to stand in line to get a place.
• Law on preschool education regulates the age of admission to kindergarten, as well as the need for reform in nurseries.

Changes in legislation guarantee an increase in commercial kindergartens, which will certainly have enough places for all pupils. Parents will not have to wait in line for years to go to work and provide quality care for their baby.

Compliance with the rules and regulations provided for by current legislation is guaranteed in both public and private kindergartens. The bill regulates the basic standards of preschool education, which all institutions must adhere to.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas government controlled. This is especially true in the preschool sector. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On Education”273 dated December 29, 2012. Behind last years The law on preschool education has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law “On Education” states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The programs provided for by law require taking into account individual and age characteristics children, the use of methods and forms characteristic of preschool children.

For this form of training, no intermediate or final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to provide their child with a so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to compliance with all requirements established by the law on preschool education, has the right to free government support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals of legislation

After the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, preschool education became an independent level common system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept and seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

The innovations are designed to ensure greater accessibility to the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that have come into force will allow many parents to navigate correctly, based on current law about preschool education.

Changes to the Federal Law address important issues:

• features of admitting children to kindergartens;
• procedure for providing educational services;
• privileges;
• operating hours of preschool institutions;
• educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first stage

Most parents (even those who have recently had a child or are still holding a toddler) sooner or later face the question of a kindergarten. Preschool education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all young citizens of the Russian Federation with their rightful place in a preschool institution.

The accessibility of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted federal law on preschool education regulates these issues to a certain extent and is intended to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Whether this is good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can enroll their baby in a nursery group starting at 2 months. The issue is being resolved with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis. A child must be admitted to kindergarten when he or she reaches the age of three. None educational institution nor has the right to refuse admission to parents (legal representatives), subject to availability of places.

Amendments

The amendments made to the federal law on preschool education (amended in 2017) involve the regulation of a number of points in the preschool education system:

1. A gradual decrease (by more than 1.5 times) in the number of permanent stay groups in a child care institution.
2. Granting the child the right to receive free education in case the parents have chosen a group operating only on an educational basis.
3. The emergence of specialized consultation centers where parents and children are provided with psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
4. Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to provide care and supervision for the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement an educational function.
5. Compensation payments for payment are provided.
6. If there are no places, the preschool institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a child aged one and a half to three years and older.
7. Legal representatives (parents) of a minor receive the right to submit an application for a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, you need to send an application at your place of residence to a special department for recruiting preschool institutions. This form indicates the most suitable educational institution for the child. After this, representatives of the commission enter an application into the database, and the minor is placed on a waiting list for a place in the specified kindergarten. It must be taken into account that the official administrative portal often indicates specific deadlines and the form for submitting an application.

Possibilities of electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the child’s legal representative. The deadlines for submission are also strictly specified on the portal.

To complete an electronic application, you must have all necessary documents electronic. Rules and features of online registration are posted on official pages Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only make an appointment, but also check your queue.

Conditions for preferential education in a preschool institution

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education concern the provision of places in preschool institutions without waiting lists to certain categories of persons.

• orphans, children without parental care, guardians, adopted children;
• minors whose parents were victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
• children with orphan parents (or left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
• children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, investigative committee, law enforcement;
• minors with disabled parents, single mothers, or from large families;
• children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother or sister studying in this institution;
• minors whose parents are serving in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Procedure if there is no space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application to transfer their child to another institution.

If parents are denied enrollment without existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time limits established by law.

If an application is refused or the decision taken not in favor of the child, parents have the right to go to the prosecutor’s office or other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for preschool fees

According to the amendments to Art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

• education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
• services regarding the care and supervision of children, which parents must pay for.

According to the law, parents have the right, when registering their child for kindergarten, to receive material support from the state or compensation to pay for these services. The amount of payments is regulated by legislative acts and decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent ones. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a specific period.

Persons eligible to receive state support, are strictly defined by the current legislation. These include:

• parents of the minor (mother, father);
• relatives in whose name a power of attorney has been issued by the parents;
• legal representatives of the child;
• specialists from guardianship and trusteeship authorities assigned to pupils.

Exemption of parents from payment

Based on amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the law on preschool education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits either complete liberation from contributions for preschool education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones exactly will be discussed using an example below.

Thus, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions implementing preschool educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

This measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors without parental care, and orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and providing support to vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of whose problems is given special attention at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education directly influence the formation of a system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed by law by removing certain restrictive measures regulating the right to provide services in the field of education.

Increasing the number of non-state institutions that are not under state care will, to some extent, reduce the waiting list for state institutions.

Ensuring high-quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and from private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of the assigned tasks will allow many parents to timely engage in social processes in society, going out old place work or gain new knowledge, retrain for a more in-demand specialty.

Amendments regarding financial security

Financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs from 01/01/2014 moved to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as the school education system).

Based on Art. 65, clause 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal government institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial support:

• It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution expenses for the basic educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
• Payment for the provision of services aimed at the supervision and care of children should not exceed the maximum amount established within the framework of regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and features of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens implementing basic preschool educational programs in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard are given the right to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New version of the law

During the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document underwent many transformations and, under the influence of critics, was reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sector.

The latest edition of the law on preschool education dated August 14, 2018, most succinctly and clearly formulates the solution to many previously not covered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided from the state for effective changes in the education system as a whole.

IN updated version Federal Law “On Education” dated January 1, 2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes regarding the basic laws of preschool education.

Law on education in the Russian Federation - 273 Federal Law, adopted State Duma On December 21, 2012, it completely regulates the education sector in our country. For managers, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all provisions. It is advisable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also become familiar with the basic provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its points. We will analyze the key, most important provisions, which can help many consumers of educational services, because. The federal law“On Education in the Russian Federation” is used in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic Concepts

Education is a single, purposeful process of upbringing and training an individual, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, and attitudes. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen with high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education is only about obtaining information. Here we are using the terms incorrectly.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), and physical development.

education requirement

A teaching worker is a person who carries out the educational process. He has an employment relationship with an educational organization, performs certain job responsibilities, and receives a salary for it. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there was no legislative level any restrictions for hiring a teacher in a school or kindergarten teacher. At school, it was quite normal to see as a teacher a person who himself had difficulty finishing school at one time. In the absence of professional personnel and low pay for teachers, few went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to connect their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes a ban on engaging in teaching activities for persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law directly establishes that a person who has graduated from a higher educational institution has the right to be an education worker. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to undergo an additional specialization in “Pedagogy” if the applicant’s university or college is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for completing the following levels of education:

1. Basic general.
2. Average overall.
3. Initial professional.
4. A professional environment.
5. Higher education - bachelor's degree.
6. Higher education is a specialty.
7. Higher education - master's degree.

Education system

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of main components in unified system education:

1. and the instructions are regulations, according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. The status of the educational organization does not matter: commercial, budgetary, government-owned - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to provide training based on standards.
2. Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
3. Federal government bodies, authorities of the subjects exercising control. the main role belongs to the Federal public service for supervision in the field of education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the regional ministries of education. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
4. Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budgetary schools. They also conduct appraisal activities in the controlled territory of all schools.
5. Associations of individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. A striking example serves as a trade union of teaching workers.

Goals of federal state standards

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

1. Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive the same level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
2. Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. You cannot completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of short-term political or economic gain.
3. Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the strict totalitarian framework of unity when receiving it. Depending on abilities, desires, and time, various options for achieving certain tasks are created.
4. Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of training

It's hard to imagine to the Soviet man, but the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of training:

1. In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
2. In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

1. In person.
2. Correspondence.
3. Full-time and part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity these days. In the century information technologies It has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, and rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” - new law. However, he does not classify distance education as a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Therefore, distance education falls under the category of correspondence education.

Alternative form

It is not necessary to send a child to school today to receive it. The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” allows for this possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Kinds

Obtaining a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:

1. Family education.
2. Self-education.

Family education involves shifting the function of education to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Arbitrage practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of involving child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still don’t see a problem with their children cleaning floors while on duty at school. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for parental consent to such involvement of a child in labor. Technology and labor training classes are mandatory. It is on them that students legally, in accordance with federal government programs, are required to engage in labor: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else is only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law “On Education of the Russian Federation”. Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, competencies local authorities authorities, forms and types of education, rules for final certifications, etc. The most interesting points We discussed this Law in the article.