Hero Mongolia Suke Batar. "Father of Independence" Mongolia still competes with Genghis Khan himself? In Urgin underground

Xxxii. Return to Moscow. - Recent letters to native and friends. - Conversation with O.M. Bajansky. - Death of Ms. Homyakova. - Gogol's disease. - Cheering. - Burning manuscripts and death. From Odessa Gogol for the last time he moved to his anemone village and spent the last time the most

In Urgin underground

People's Revolution

Immediately after the congress, the temporary government and the Central Committee of the MNP decided to break the Chinese garrison of the Maimachene-Kyakhtinsky. On February 15, the Chinese were sent by ultimatum about the delivery; March 18, the folk militia ( ardyn Juraht Tserag) under the command of the Sukh-Bator took the city where the government moved, starting the formation of ministries; However, due to the fact that the city has suffered greatly during the assault and from fires, soon the government moved to the neighboring Altan Bulak.

In Kyrgyzstan

• • in Bishkek - Suche Bator street
  • in New-Kourbe, Suke Bator Street

In Kazakhstan

• The name of the Suke Bator is the streets called:
  • almaty - Suke Bator street
  • in Taraz - Suke Bator Street
  • in Shymkent - Suke Bator Street

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing Damdin Suke Bator

Kutuzov, through his own carcutcher, received the news on November 1st, who had the army commander in almost a hopeless position. The Lazutchika brought that the French were in great power, going through the Viennese Bridge, headed for the path of Cutuzov with troops who were sown from Russia. If Kutuzov decided to remain in Kream, then the semi-resistant army of Napoleon would cut it from all messages, surrounded his forty-fighter extended army, and he would be in the Poppies under Ulm. If Kutuzov decided to leave the road to reports with troops from Russia, he should have joined without a road to unknown edges of Bohemian
Mountains, protecting against the superb enemy's forces, and leave any hope of a message with Buksghevden. If Kutuzov decided to retreat on the road from Krems to Olmyuz to connect with the troops from Russia, he risked to be warned on this road by the French, who passed the bridge in Vienna, and thus be forced to take the battle on the campaign, with all the gravity and interspair, and Having a job with an enemy, three times superior to him and surrounding it from two sides.
Kutuzov elected this last exit.
The French, as the belt came, while moving the bridge in Vienna, the reinforced march went to the Tsnaym, lying on the way of the retreat of Kutuzov, ahead of him more than a hundred miles. To achieve a tanima before the French - meant to get much hope for the rescue of the army; To give the French to warn yourself in Tsnimeh - it was probably to subjected to the whole army of a shame like Ulmsky, or the overall death. But to warn the French with all the army was impossible. The French road from Vienna to Tznime was shorter and better than the Russian road from Krems to Tznime.
On the night of receiving the news of Kutuzov, a four thousandths of Bagration was sent to the right mountains with a crespy center road to Vienna Znamimskaya. Bagration was supposed to go without resting this transition, to stop the face to Vienna and the back to the century, and if he could have warn the French, he had to delay them as he could. Kutuzov himself moved to the valve with all the gravity.
Having passed with hungry, sinking soldiers, without a road, in the mountains, in a rapid night forty-five miles, lost the third part of the backwards, Bagration went to Hollabrun on the Vienna, a few hours before the French, who were approaching Holwalen from Vienna. Kutuzov had to go still a day with his intersenas to achieve a tank, and therefore to save the army, Bagration was supposed to with four thousand hungry, exhausted soldiers held in the continuation of the day all the enemy army, meeting him in Hollabrune, which was obvious , Impossible. But strange fate made an impossible possible. The success of that deception, which without a fight gave the Viennese Bridge into the French hands, prompted Murati to try to deceive the same Kutuzov. Murat, having met the weak squad of Bagration on the Tsenum Road, thought it was the whole army of Kutuzov. To undoubtedly crush this army, he waited for the troops on the road along the road and the goal with this goal offered a truce for three days, with the condition that those and other troops do not change their provisions and did not touch. Murat assured that the negotiations about the world are already coming and that therefore avoiding the useless blood shedding, he proposes a truce. The Austrian General Count Nostizz, who was standing at the advance people, believed the words of the Parliamentant Murata and retreated, opening the squad of Bagration. Another parliamentant went to the Russian chain to declare the same news about peace negotiations and to propose a truce by Russian troops for three days. Bagration answered that he could not accept or take a truce, and with the report on his proposal made him sent to Kutuzov his adjutant.
A truce for Kutuzov was the only tool to win time, give a rest to the exhausted squad of Bagration and skip the sumports and gravity (the movement of which was hidden from the French), although one excess transition to the tank. The disposition of the truce gave the only and unexpected possibility to save the army. Having received this news, Kutuzov immediately sent the General Adjutant to Vitrengerene in the enemy camp immediately. The Vitrengerene was supposed to not only take a truce, but also to offer the conditions of surrender, and meanwhile, Kutuzov sent his adjutants back to rushing how much it is possible to move the traffic of the entire army in the creamy centuries. Exhausted, the hungry squad of Bagration One was supposed to cover this movement of the sumports and the whole army, to stay motionless before the enemy eight times the strongest.
Kutuzov's expectations came true as about the fact that the propilization proposals, nor obliging anything, could give time to some part of the sumports, and as to the fact that Murat's mistake should have been opened very soon. As soon as Bonaparte, who was in Schönbrunne, in 25 versts from Hollabrune, received a reporting of Murat and a project of a truce and surrender, he saw a hoax and wrote the following letter to Murata:
Au Prince Murat. Schoenbrunn, 25 BRUMAIRE EN 1805 A HUIT HEURES DU MATIN.
"II M" EST IMPOSSIBLE DE TRUUVER DES TERMES POUR VOUUS NE COMMANDEZ QUE MON AVANT GARDE ET VOILE N "AVEZ PAS LE DROIT DE FAIRE D" ARMISTICE SANS MON ORDRE. Vous Me Faites Perdre Le Fruit D "UNE CAMPAGNE . Rompez L "Armistice Sur Le Champ et Mariechez a L" Ennemi. Vous Lui Ferez Declarer, Que Le General Qui A Signe Cette Capitulation, N "Avait Pas Le Droit De Le Faire, QU" Il N "Y A Que L" Empereur De Russie Qui Ait Ce Droit.
"Toutes Les Fois Cependant Que L" Empereur de Rautie Ratifierait La Dite Convention, Je La Ratifierai; MAIS CE N "EST QU" UNE RUSE.MARIECHEZ, DetRuisez L "Armee Russe ... Vous Etes En Position De Prender Son Bagage et Son Artiller.
"L" AIDE DE CAMP DE L "EMPEREUR DE RUSSIE EST UN ... LES OFFICIERS NE SONT RIEN QUAND ILS N" ONT PAS DE POUVOIRS: CELUI CI N "EN AVAIT POINT ... LES Autrichiens Se Sont Laisse Jouer Pour Le Passage du Pont De Vienne , Vous Vous Laissez Jouer Par Un Aide De Camp de L "Empereur. Napoleon".
[Prince Murata. Schönbryunn, 25 Brother 1805, 8 am.
I can't find words to express you my displeasure. You are commanded only by my avant-garde and have no right to make a truce without my orders. You make me lose the fruit of a whole campaign. Immediately tear the truce and go against the enemy. You declare him that the general who signed this surrender did not have rights to it, and no one had, excluding only the Russian emperor.
However, if the Russian emperor agrees to the condition mentioned, I will also agree; But this is nothing but a trick. Go, destroy the Russian army ... You can take her calls and her artillery.
General Adjutant of the Russian emperor Deceiver ... The officers do not mean anything when they do not have the authority; He also does not have it ... The Austrians gave themselves to fool at the transition of the Viennese Bridge, and you give yourself to deceive the emperor's adjutants.
Napoleon.]
Adjutant Bonaparte in full horses hung with this formidable letter to Murat. Bonaparte himself, not trusting with his generals, with all the guards moved to the field of the battle, fearing to miss the finished sacrifice, and 4.000 bagration detachment, having fun shaking fires, dried, heated, cooked for the first time after three days porridge, and none of the people squad I knew and did not think about what was to be.

In the fourth hour of the evening, Prince Andrei, insisted at his request from Kutuzov, came to the ground and appeared to Bagration.
Adjutant Bonaparte has not come to the detachment of Murat yet, and the battle has not yet started. In the Bagration detachment, they did not know anything about the general course of affairs, talked about the world, but did not believe in his opportunity. They spoke about the battle and also did not believe in the proximity of the battle. Bagration, knowing Bolkonsky for his beloved and trusted adjutant, accepted him with a special primary difference and condescension, explained to him that it would probably be a battle today or tomorrow, and provided him with full freedom to be with him during the battle or in Ariergard to observe the order of retreat "What was very important too."
"However, this is probably no case," said Bagration, as if calming Prince Andrew.
"If this is one of the ordinary staff of Frantikov sent to get the cross, he and Ariergard will receive a reward, and if he wants to be with me, let ... it is useful, if a brave officer", I thought Bagration. Prince Andrey did not responding anything, asked the permission of the prince to drive around and learn the location of the troops so that in the case of the order to know where to go. The duty officer of the squad, the man is beautiful, shoely dressed and with a diamond perrsect on the index finger, bad, but who willingly spoke French, caused Prince Andrew.
From all sides, wet, with sad parties officers, something as if searched for, and soldiers, who were trapped from the village of doors, shops and fences.
"We can't, prince, get rid of this people," said the headquarters officer, pointing to these people. - Disseminate commanders. But here, - he pointed to the sprawling tent of the Marcanta, - let's come together and sit. Today in the morning they drove everyone: see, it is full. It is necessary to drive, the prince, bug them. One minute.
"Saw, and I will take cheese from him and a bun," said Prince Andrei, who did not have time to eat.
- What didn't you say, prince? I would suggest your salt bread.
They came out with horses and entered the tent of the Marcanta. Several people of officers with painted and intense persons were sitting behind the tables, drank and fir.
"Well, that's, the Lord," said the headquarters of the officer to reproach, as a person, repeatedly repeated the same thing. - After all, it is impossible to leave like that. Prince ordered no one. Well, here you are, G. Stum Captain, he turned to a small, dirty, thin artillery officer who was without boots (he gave them to dry the markanthate), in some stockings, got up before the included, smiling not quite naturally.
- Well, how do you, Captain Tushin, is not ashamed? - continued the headquarters officer - you would seem like an artillertist to show an example, and you are without boots. Drome alarm, and you will be very good without boots. (The headquarters smiled.) Excuse me to go to my places, gentlemen, everything, everything, I added it primarily.
Prince Andrei involuntarily smiled, looking at Captain Tushin's headquarters. Silently and smiling, Tushin, crossing the barefoot legs, questionfully looked big, smart and good eyes to Prince Andrew, then at the officer headquarters.

Suke Bator

The street of Suhe Bator (Kirovsky district) is historically closely connected with Kirov's Square. In XVIII - early XX centuries. The street was named Kremlin (at the end of her, on the banks of the Angara, was the Irkutsk Ostrog-Kremlin). The area was called Spasskaya, Epiphany, or Cathedral, Little, or Trading, Parade (Military, Staff), Speransky. With the construction at the beginning of the XX century. The Tikhvinskaya (or Resurrection) stone church was called Tikhvin, and the street received the same name. November 5, 1920 Square was namedIII International, and the street - the Red Star. Since 1935 - Square named after Kirov, Street in 1963 began to be called Suche Bator (in honor of the Hero of the Mongolian people). Square on the squarey. In 1960-1961 From the ancient buildings, the Spasskaya Church (1710) is now - now in it a branch of the Museum of Local Lore; Cathedral of the Epiphany (1746) -In the branch of the Art Museum; Polish Church (1883) - Now the organ of the Philharmonic Hall; The craft-educational institution of the Trapsenikova is now the Bio-Soil Faculty of State University. Street, as before, is the administrative center of the city.

In Ulan-Bataror, the capital of the MPR, on the central square, which bears the name of the legendary leader of the People's Revolution of the Sukhche Bator, is the majestic monumental monument: the granite rider rises on the granite rock with a highly raised hand. Near the Mausoleum of the Suke Bator. The monument is erected in place, where the Suke Batar on July 11, 1921 solemnly proclaimed the victory of the People's Revolution. Old revolutionaries, fighting partisans, remember the death pungent of the hero, the words of which gold letters are carved on the pedestal: "If we, our whole people are united in a single pursuit, in a single will, then there is nothing in the world, whatever we have achieved, nothing will happen What would we not know what we would not be cleaned. " On this main square, the working people of the republic annually celebrate the date of victory of the People's Revolution.

The Life Path of Suke - Bator is the path of the Mongolian People's Revolution and the People's Republic.

In the Arms of February 1893 in Yurt on the outskirts of the Maimachene, the third son was born on the outskirts of the poor Arat Damedin. Damdin served as a guard, sometimes passes someone else's cattle. On that day, February 2, he, having bought firewood, found a paint in the forest (in Mongolian dry). The parents of the newborn considered the find of the lucky admission and called the Suke's boys. Soon, Damina's family moved to ULRA (now the city of Ulan-Batar), and his father began to work as a stroke in the aimaic office .. here a broken little Suke often played with Russian children from the consular settlement and learned to speak Russian.

Damina's family was typical for Mongolia then. For more than two hundred years, the external Mongolia moaning under the yoke of the Manchurian dynasty. But taxes and grade collected not only for the occupiers, but also for local feudalists, for the head of the Buddhist Church of Bogda Gagan. If there is nothing to pay, the poor has taken cattle and rolling property. The country of the felt Yurt was chosen by non-payment. Mongolia had 700 monasteries and a single secular school. In the monasteries at the expense of the fortress Arata, 100 thousand las lived - half of the country's men's population. With the help of the Lamisian Church, Manchura wanted to kill the freedom-loving spirit of the Mongolian people.

Such since childhood faced injustice, oppression and humiliation. At the age of 14 began to work. After some time, on the mail tract of Urga-Maimachen Suke, they considered the best pot, the most endless, bold and brave rider. On all holidays, he took the first places. Smoked young man stretched to knowledge. It noticed a neighbor and began to deal with him. Soon dryly wrote and read.

In 1911, a revolution occurred in China. Mongolia was freed from Manchurian yoke and became autonomous. The head of the state was Bogjo Gagen Jebdzundamba Eighth - a drunkard and a depravant. Only Princes and Higher Lama entered the new government. Naturally, the position of the Aratah has not changed. They remained powerless, serfs still lived in poverty ...

In 1912, Suke called to the army and determined ... Power. But the young man was deft and Silen, his military affair attracted him. At this time, at the request of Mongols, the Russians sent their military instructors. The restructuring of the army on the European sample began. The persistent, the intelligent young man-Mongol was noticed, determined in the system part, soon appointed the platoon commander, then - the senior team of machine gunners. Cirins (warriors) loved their commander, ready to always come to the rescue, and affectionately called him "Bagsh", that is, a teacher.

Such at that time already freely read the newspaper, started talking to political topics with Russian instructors. He knew the truth about the revolution of 1905 in Russia, about Lensky execution and believed that waiting for freedom from kings, princes and khanov - an empty case. When the February Revolution took Russia in Russia, Suke was already a Wahmistrome, an assistant commander of a machine-gun company. Communicating with the Russians, he saw that their colony in Urge was divided: some wanted to continue the war to the victorious end, others - the world.

But other stunning news came from Russia: the proletarian revolution was accomplished. Irkutsk recalled the group of students of the Mongols, who knew Russian, were aware of revolutionary events in Russia. Suke sought to get acquainted with them. But at that time, other cases carried away Suke. In the east of the country made gangster ruins of Mongolian prince-traitor, Japanese Agent Babudzhab. Military Minister, a person with progressive views, X. Maksarzhav decided to teach and pacify the adventurer, sent a squad of curses led by Sukh. The commander was appointed Deputy Military Minister Bayara.

People and horses were exhausted by a thousandthricular transition through hills and oriental deserts. Suke stopped the company for rest for low respect. Cirins immediately fell asleep, did not sleep only dry. According to intelligence, the enemy had a large numerical superiority, more than a thousand riders. Circii and Suke rushed into battle, alone Bayar was in no hurry.

You, Suke, a skillful bazer, he had a flattened voice. "All hopes for you ... just do not hurry.

Suche decided to still step. Using overgrown valleys and high river beds, he silently removed the protection of the enemy.

Forward! Behind me! For Mongolia! - Completed Suke. An unexpected laid caused a panic in the enemy. But by the morning, using its superiority in the power, the enemy began to crowd curses. At this alarming moment, the resourcefulness and courage of the Sukh was saved. He rolled up a machine gun on a steep barhalan and from there Coolingly and gladly began to beat on the bandits. They could not stand and rolled back. Cyrices on the horses, pursuing the enemy, broke into Barga. Babudzhab was broken by headlong. But the glory of Victory and all the trophies assigned to the bayar. Maksarzhav found out the truth and appointed an investigation. Bayar was amized. At the receipt built all the personnel. Maksarzhav caused the dryness, hugged it.

You, Suche, with a handful of people committed a heroic feat, defeated the main forces of Babudzhaba, "said the military minister." Everybody is delighted with you. For infinite love of the Motherland and the people you are assigned the honorary title of Bator. From now on, all of you will be called the Suke Bator. The minister attached to the head of the hero of the hero of the fourth degree ball jeans.

Among the military, the Suke Bator became a recognized leader. But Bogdo Gagan and his click did not please the victory of the Suke Bator, the commander from the people. Their October Revolution was frightened in Russia, her infectious example, and they went on collusion with Chinese militarists. Chinese invaders eliminated Mongolia's autonomy, dismissed the army, in all Mongolian cities introduced their troops. Suke Bator turned out to be not with cases. He began his friends with young Mongols, who returned from Irkutsk, they involved him in political struggle. These are like-minded people, they understood that the path of the Arata to national liberation would be difficult and long, but it was believed that if the Mongolian people would fight for the independence of their country in the Union with the workers and peasants of Soviet Russia, will create their revolutionary batch, it will definitely achieve success.

In 1920, the Suke Batar was headed by a revolutionary organization, which was formed as a result of a merger of several illegal political circles and which was an embryo on the future Mongolian People's Party. Russian Bolsheviks living in Urge, Tsibektar doctor, Kucherenko Mechanic, employees of Popov, Gambarzhevsky helped Mongolian revolutionary. They acquainted them with the liberation ideas of V. I. Lenin, they advised Suques Batar to contact Russia. With a letter to Russian Bolsheviks, he reached the border. A letter of Suke transferred to a familiar Arata, and he returned to Urga himself.

Several months have passed. Once the Tsibektar doctor invited the Suke Bator to himself. When he came to meet the low gloss of blonde.

Meet, "said Tsibektar Suche Batar, is a particularly authorized Far Eastern Secretariat of the Comintern of Socialists.

The conversation was dragged over night. At the end of it I. A. Socokovikov invited the Mongolian delegation to Moscow, to Lenin,

In the summer of the same year, a meeting of the revolutionary organization took place on the shore of Toltu. It took the "oath of the parties" written by the Suke Bator. It was the first program of the People's Party. It said that the main task of all revolutionaries is to raise the aracy to the struggle, to clear the country from the enemies, to return it independence, strengthen the national state. We decided to send a delegation to Lenin with a letter.

Under the guise of the merchant Tumura, the Suke Bator switched the border. His wife Yangzhe and son Galsen remained in Urge. A day later, the entire Mongolian delegation gathered in Irkutsk. Part of it went to Moscow, to Lenin, the Suke Bator and several associates remained in our city.

From tomorrow, the Suke Bator said, "we will attend the school of red commanders. Need to master military art. The day of contractions with the enemy is nearing.

Suke Bator, as a military specialist, put on a commander office. Lived in the hotel "Amur Pozwan". Suke Bator was improved in Russian.

On the banks of the hangars, at the landfill, Suche trained the Red Army teams skirtfully own a checker, to overcome barriers to complete the barriers, to disseminate the clay scarecrow. There were no equal in the cavalry classes. Shot without mishai. Among the commanders and fighters, Suke Batar used respect. And evenings studied, took an active part in the public life of the city.

In September, in the first Soviet house took placeIII The provincial conference of the Bolsheviks. With greetings, the chairmen of the Communist sections - Hungarian, German, Czechoslovak, Polish, Korean. The word was provided to dry-batter.

Our revolutionary party, he said excitedly. "It originated among the shepherds of Mongolia. From them I carry hello from the Irkutsk Conference of the Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the party, which was the first to raise the banner of the uprising against world capital. The appeal of your party has reached the shepherds of the steppes of Mongolia, challenging three times: and their feudalists, and Chinese militarists, and global capital.

In Moscow, the Mongolian delegation adopted V. I. Lenin. In conversation, he stressed that the struggle for independence and freedom cannot be disparate, it is necessary to create a party of Arats, this is an indispensable condition for the victory of the revolution. You need to have your party newspaper.

Suke Bator together with comrades began to develop an armed uprising plan in Mongolia. With the assistance of the Mongol-Tibetan section of the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Comintern, with the help of Irkutsk Bolsheviks, as well as the head of the international department of the 5th Red Army of the 5th Red Army, on November 10, 1920 in Irkutsk under the slogan of "proletia of all countries, connect!" The first issue of the Mongols Ukin newspaper ("Mongolskaya Pravda") was published, six newspaper numbers were published in Irkutsk. The newspaper secretly shipped to Mongolia and played a role in the political wake of the people.

Suke Bator with friends stayed in Irkutsk for about 4 months. They were in the thick of the events, they saw how the life of the city was rebuilt into peaceful creative work. For young Mongolian revolutionaries, it was a good school.

Soon from Urga, Suke Bator received an anxious letter from his wife from his wife, in which she informed the sad lead: revolutionary circles were defeated, Russian Bolsheviks Tsibektar, Kucherenko and Gambarzhevsky are shot, Maksarzhav arrested. The White Guard Dummies of the Japanese Island Baron Unrgenta move on Urga.

It was necessary to hurry. On November 18, the Mongolian revolutionaries went to the Border Districts of Mongolia. On March 1, 1921, the first congress of the Mongolian People's Party took place in the Border Russian city of Troitskosavsk. The congress received the first program, elected the Central Committee of the Party.

The main task was the first program of the party to conquer the national independence and the establishment of democracy. It said that "by approving the power and rights of workers of Mongolia, the elimination of exploitation and enslavement, the elimination of the bitter suffering of the masses of the masses, seeks to create peaceful life for them, achieving power and spiritual heyday, and prosperity with other nations and nations."

The Mongolian People's Party, based on the experience of A and the support of Soviet Russia, led Arata to the assault of the Optota of colonialism and feudalism.

A few days after the party congress, a temporary national government was created. Superstator became a military minister and commander-in-chief of the People's Army. The Suke Batarman has developed a detailed operational plan for the capture of the Maimacheny (now the Altan-Bulak), he himself led the curses on the assault. After two attacks, the city was taken. Chinese militarists fled. The Provisional People's Government asked for help from the Soviet country. And the help immediately came. The 35th Infantry Division, P. E. Schetkinin, as well as the regiments of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic helped the Mongolian People's Army to break the numerous detachments of Russian White Guards and on July 6, 1921, were taken by URGA. Adventurer Ungern, dreaming of creating an Eastern Empire, was sent to Novosibirsk, where he was convicted and shot.

All the streets of the capital were damaged by the people. Ahead of the curson column on the White Kone Garcel Subeatator. Split naked blades tied up with blue motors. Behind the connants followed machine-gun taccans, guns. July 10, a permanent folk government was formed. It confirmed the purpose of the Sukh Bator by the Military Minister and Commander. Considering the situation in the country, the new power left Bogdo Gagan as the head of the church power.

After the anti-impeller, the anti-imperialist revolution, the People's Government began to carry out social and democratic reforms in the interests of the aracy. A revolutionary youth union was created.

In November 1921, the Suke Bator went with a delegation to Moscow, to Lenin. The head of the Soviet Republic very warmly met the leader of the Mongolian revolution. Lenin gave a number of valuable advice, how to make Mongolia Socialist, bypassing capitalism. To do this, it is necessary to create an industry, grow your working class, to carry out a cultural revolution and propose its national intelligentsia. Now you need to fight for economic independence, for the rise of the economy in the Union with the working people of Soviet Russia.

On November 5, 1921, the Soviet state signed with Mongolia the first equal agreement on recognizing each other, about friendship and cooperation. The correct principles of Leninsky politics, the Soviet government of the Special Article of the Agreement confirmed its refusal of special rights and privileges used in Mongolia Tsarist Russia, granted a young neighbor's property previously owned by Poccii, canceled a pre-revolutionary debt in the amount of about 5 million rubles in gold. The Soviet government highly appreciated the talented leaders and their role in the defeat of Gang Ungerna. Suke Bator, Choibalsan and Maksarzhav were awarded the highest Soviet awards of the Red Banners. Noting the merits of the Suke Bator in the struggle for the liberation of the Mongolian people from the national and social oppression, the Government of Mongolia appropriated to him the title of Hero and the three-point peacock feather (the sign of recognition of large military merit).

By 1922, all external Mongolia was released and merged into the People's Democratic State. But the fight against the enemies was not completed. It follows one plot after another. The former prime minister Bodo and his accomplices were exposed and punished. To protect the conquests of the revolution, state internal protection is created.

On February 20, 1923, Mongolia's labor aracy suffered a heavy loss: a dry-bat fleece died. Death was unexpected for everyone. Indeed, quite recently, the country noted his thirty years.

Former Active Participant of the Civil War, Military Specialist A. G. Nesterov, speaking on Irkutsk Radio, recalled:

I arrived at work in Mongolia in 1924. From conversations with Mongols from different layers of the people, I was convinced that the Suke Batar was highly read as the genuine leader of the labor nation. The military spoke about him as a brave of brave, about his iron will, about the talent of the commander. Simple people noted the concern of the Suke Bator's about the poor, his justice and accessibility. They are simple, but with a big sadness they said that the evil demons took away the dry-bat fleece. In the yurts for a cup of tea or Kumys, I have more than once heard about him: "After all, our, as we - from the shepherds, was a man of truth, was strong and brave, became a banator."

They talked about the dry-battamore as an enemy of lies and injustice that his life was very difficult and full of deprivation, but this life hardered him and raised, from the shepherd-poor brave fighter for the happiness of Mongolia's ordinary people.

A small scene comes to memory, indicative for the relationship between the Mongolian people to the Sukh-Bataror. Somewhere in the middle of the way from Altan-Bulak, our car stopped at Yurt, the light machine arrived there, from which a woman came out. And suddenly, Mongols ran out of Yurt to the arrivals. Women were excitedly repeated: Yang, Yang, and one of the women gave her her baby. Arriving with tenderness pressed the boy to him. It was seen that this beautiful woman, full of modest dignity and some kind of tight sadness on his face, was not a random person here. Skood-Mongol with pride and respect said in Russian: "This is Yang, the wife of the Suke Bator." I also wanted to look at the pleasant face of Yanzhima, but the joyfully twittered women took her to the yurt, and we were driving on the road ...

In 1924, Mongolia was proclaimed by the People's Republic. Now it has become an agrarno-industrial country with developed culture and science.

Mongolian people honor the memory of a glorious revolutionary. The name of the Suke Bator is called the city, squares and streets, museums are created. Do not forget the leader of the Mongolian revolution and Irkutsk.

On the building of the Pedagogical Institute, which is located on the Suke Bator Street, a memorial plaque is attached. On it framed by the Mongolian bump baself the Suke Bator. At the top of the Order of the Red Banner, the inscription is lowered: "Suke Bator. 1893-1923 The founder of the People's Revolutionary Party and the People's Revolutionary State. In 1920 he lived and studied in Irkutsk. "

During negotiations on the conclusion of the Mongol-Soviet Treaty on Friendship. Moscow, November 1921

Previously, during socialism, on February 2, Mongolia was noted on a national scale and significant events were organized. Now the holiday is celebrated in the circle of MNP (Mongolian People's Party), fans and relatives of the commander.

In honor of the 122nd birthday, D.Suhe-Batar on the central square of G. Yulaanbaatara, the leadership of the People's Party brought flowers to the monument to D. Oshe-Bator

In honor of the 122nd birthday of D.Sushe-Batar on the central square of G. Yulaanbaatar, the leadership of the People's Party brought flowers to the monument to D. Oshe-Batar. On this day, the merits and the historical importance of the identity of D.Suhe-Batar, and the historical conferences and exhibitions are organized.

The public of Mongolia (on the initiative of the MNP) often discusses and criticizes the name of the central square of the capital of Mongolia - the former "dry-baut fleece" - on the "Square of Genghis Khan".

Recall, in mid-2013, the administration of G. Yulaanbaatar decided to change the name in honor of D.Sushe-Bator Central Square of the capital, where since 1946 there is a legendary monument. The area was called the name of Chinigishaan. However, residents of the capital note that they are still not accustomed to a new name.

Now, on the central square of the capital of Mongolia, there are simultaneous monuments and Genghis Khan, and Suke-Bataror, which often leads to the confusion of residents and guests of the city.

So ... The future leader of the Mongolian revolution was born on February 2, 1893 in Kerolen's southern bank. When his parents moved to the capital of Mongolia - the city of Urga (now Ulan-Bator), his father served as a supervisor in a local prison.

Host "Maxim"

When Suke was six years old, the family moved to the area of \u200b\u200bthe Russian consulate. There, playing with Russian children, Sukh learned Russian well, that later played an important role in his political and military career.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the political situation in this region was very complex. Most of the territory of Mongolia was the province of China. But the Board of the Chinese did not suit the majority of the Mongols, who sought independence.

"Great Khans" at the dawn of the Soviet era in Mongolia - in the first row of D.Suhe-Batar (left) and the future legendary marshal. It is worth - V. A. Huva. Urga. 1921 photo dnevnik.bigmir.net

In 1911, the bourgeois revolution began in China. Taking advantage of this, the Mongols separated from the metropolis, forming an independent state. A great economic and military assistance in this process was provided by Tsarist Russia, which hardly tried to loosen powerful China.

After the declaration of independence, dry immediately entered the service to the National Army. In 1912, with the assistance of Russian military advisers, the Khuzhir-Bulance School of Junior Commanders was founded, and Sukh became one of its first listeners. Well-owning the Russian language, he was better than other cadets mastered the foundations of military tactics, perfectly learned to shoot from the Maxim machine gun. He also brilliantly rode, successfully passed all the sports standards and was generally in sight of the bosses, which a year later appointed his machine-gun company commander.

After the end of the military school, the Suke Batar participated in the protection of the eastern borders of Mongolia, rushed with his detachment of local smugglers and for several years the service won credibility and fame among their compatriots.

In 1914, Suche even headed the uprising in the Khuzhir-Bulance garrison. The reason to the speech was the fierce meat, which the authorities tried to feed the soldiers. The military ministry in Urge was stated protest, and government officials replaced the products to high-quality.

In 1918, the Military part of Suke defeated in the Khalkhin-goal area of \u200b\u200bthe Bargutov relene tribe, spoke out against the Central Government of Mongolia. For this operation, Suke received the title "Batar" (that is, the "hero") and became referred to as the Suke Bator since then.

In 1919, China, taking advantage of the fact that the bloody civil war began in Russia, once again occupied Mongolia. The central Mongolian government was overthrown, and the National Army dissolves. Shortly before that, the Suke Bator returned to Urga and settled to work in a local typography.

Fighting Unger

After the occupation of Urga, the Chinese troops arose in the city, the underground anti-Chinese groups arose, and the Suke Bator joined one of them. These groups had close contact with Russian Bolsheviks who lived in Urge.

Depicted, of course, with the "Chief of the October Revolution" V.I. Lenin

The Bolsheviks convinced the Urgin underground to send the Mongolian delegation to the red Irkutsk busy. Such a solution was based on the considerations that on their own armed uprising in Mongolia it was impossible, and for this required the help of the Red Army.

In the middle of 1920, the Suke Bator with a group of comrades arrived in Irkutsk, illegally crossing the state border.

In the meantime, the events in Mongolia took a completely unexpected turnover. The White Guard Cossack Division under the command of Baron von Ungerna invaded Mongolia from the territory of Transbaikalia and the headlong defeated the Chinese occupation case. Having completed Urga, Major General Ungern stopped submitting to higher white commanders and declared himself an independent ruler of Mongolia.

In his division, he actively gained soldiers of the former Mongolian National Army, and then announced a "crusade against Bolshevism". At the same time, according to Baron Unrge, the main role in this campaign should play the warriors of the "yellow race" - that is, Buryats and Mongols (there is a version that the Asian division has received its name for this reason). It was a dangerous adventure, so the Bolsheviks decided to seriously engage in Unnown.

On February 9, 1921, the Suke Bator was appointed commander-in-chief of the Mongolian revolutionary army and began recruiting soldiers. On March 1, the 1st Congress of the Mongolian People's Party was held in Troitskosavsk (now Kyakhta). It was formed by the Temporary People's Government of Mongolia.

Suke Bator in this government took the position of headquarters headquarters and commander-in-chief. His efforts, the People's Army grew quantitatively, qualitatively and on Mongol standards was real strength.

Simultaneously from Central Russia in Transbaikalia, weapons and ammunition were smoothed. In May, for helping the profits and regular parts of the Red Army - the former partisan detachment of Schistinkina, the Rifle Division of Nimanan, the 35th Cavalry Regiment, who commanded the future Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky.

In early June, the Union of the Asian Union's Asian division was repulsed by a bristle in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Zhelatyrinsky village. Attempts to whites to break through the railway on the left bank of the Selenga River also failed. But the decisive events were played by Kyakhta, where the "Mad Baron" and the Sukh Batar came together. The first skirmishes between the "Red Mongols" and Ungernoves occurred on the Orkhon River. Then the Mongolian part of the Asian division appeared to Kyakhte, headed by the prince of bayargun.

Suke Bator decided to give a defensive battle and arranged its soldiers around the city. The battle began on June 5th. At first, artillery of the red, blotters joined the case, and then the Sukh-Bator led his Carian (soldiers) to the equestrian attack. Bayargun was crushed. The main forces of Ungerna restored the "status quo", but on June 13, the Division of Neumanan and a detachment of Schetinkina, who finished the Asian division, was joined on June 13.

Dust-Bator's detachments remained only to pursue the retreating opponent. Winners moved deep into Mongolia, and as their promotion began a peculiar Mongolian civil war in miniature.

Part of the princes was firmly behind the whites, and the other moved to the side of the Suke Bator. Baron Ungern was captured by his Mongolian bodyguards and issued red.

Mysterious death

On July 6, 1921, parts of the Red Army and "Red Cee-Rica" entered the URGA. The country's management passed to the People's Government of Mongolia. Suke Bator received the post of military minister in it, and under his leadership began to create a regular army. A mandatory military service and a single military form were introduced, a school on the preparation of national personnel and hospital for military personnel opened.

In fact, all power in Mongolia belonged to the Soviet Bolsheviks who decided to bring medieval Mongolia from feudalism directly to socialism. In September 1921, the Plenipotentiary delegation was headed to Soviet Russia, which included the Suke Bator. In Moscow, she met Lenin and signed an agreement on friendship and cooperation with the RSFSR.

The Mongolian People's Party, headed by the dry-bauator, due to its explicit "immaturity", was not allowed to be called the communist, but allowed to enter the Comintern on the rights of sympathizing.

Dvow D. Suche Bator Yapers and Son Galsen. Ulan Bator, October 1939

Upon returning home in the People's Government, Mongolia broke out the squabbles, began a fierce struggle for power.

With its opponents, the Suke Bator quickly dealt with the brutal repression. In winter, 1923, having received the news about the preparation of the Japanese and the White Guards of the next conspiracy, the Suke Bator entered the military situation in the Urge. He regularly climbed around the capital, checking the guard. During one of these trips, the Suke Batar was very cold and died on February 20, 1923.

The people said that thus came true to curse Buddhist Lam, which hated revolutionaries that closing temples. The versions and the poisoning of the Suke Bator with political opponents have been put forward. In any case, his sudden death remained an unsolved mystery.