Publications
Children's public organizations: invariant and variability
Edition: Nar. Education. - 2007.- №7.- P. 207-214
Essence of children's public organizations
The essence of children's public organizations is advisable to consider in four planes: age, socio-pedagogical, public, organized.
Age features of public organizations of adolescents are associated with accessories to one generation and age. They are determined by attributes of everyday life, general orientations, moods and expectations. The difference between the world of adults and the world of children is determined by the difference in the degree of social maturity, honors in the level of full participation in the system of social relations. The space of manifestation of the features of the children's world - culture, law and social interaction. The culture of adults is the dominant, and the children's (teenage) is a subculture. In the legal plan - adults are capable, and children are not capable, the poet of children's public organizations are associations discriminated in the legal plan of the population. In the social sense, an adult is focused on its activity on productivity, rationalism, and the child is primarily important for the child, an emotional state.
The socio-pedagogical component in children's public organizations is essentially limited in a legal aspect. Legal status of the warfare may not be higher than adolescents - community participants. A characteristic feature of children's public organizations is their autonomy in relation to the state education system.
In the public aspect, children's public organizations are amateur, the liberals themselves change their composition, ideology, forms and work method are an example of non-commercial organizations. They can potentially become a social partner of government and business bodies. In modern conditions, children's teenage public organizations are forced to engage in Findraising - search for material resources for social projects. Sponsors can be organs of state power, local self-government, commercial structures.
In organizing plan, the teenage public association has features of any social organization. Essential is the presence of corporate values \u200b\u200band symbols that regulate the behavior of the group's participants.
Characteristic features of children's public organizations
As the first characteristic feature of children's social organizations, the voluntariness of students entering them should be considered. It is associated with the need for communicating, in the new social status, in self-realization and self-affirmation, the desire to benefit society. Children's public organization offers him writing and unwritten rules regulating the behavior of adolescents and adults.
The second characteristic feature is the appointment of children's public organizations, which can be viewed as a goal that children stand in front of them and as educational tasks that the adult community solve. These tasks are components of spiritual and value orientation on: self-organization of voluntary joint activities, transformation of surrounding reality, self-improvement, implementation in social interaction of moral values.
The third characteristic feature is indirectness of education through collective activities, a system of business interaction, corporate culture.
The fourth characteristic feature is associated with the specifics of educational entities in children's public organizations. On the one hand, the subject performs the whole organization, with the other - an adult, a participant in the children's public organization play a significant role. The process of organizing activities in the community becomes the object of collaborative creativity of adolescents and adults. The activities of the counselor expediently focus on coaching, which means: advising adolescents, the use of technology development technology, the refusal of an adult from the expert position, creating conditions for adopting teenage solutions.
Variability of forms of children's public organizations
Forms of children's organizations (associations) found most often:
"Family Society" (group of those who gathered to implement similar interests); "Detachment" (militarized formation, a well-organized group combined by a romantic game); "Volunteers (a group focused on serving society); "Commune" (association to solve topical tasks at the place of residence, work or study).
Keyword for understanding the core of the "Society of Lovers"
is a hobby, passion. A public organization becomes a condition for successful classes with his favorite business. Business relations in society are liberal character, distinguished by a high degree of freedom and independence.
The second common form of children's public organizations "Volunteer Group". Volunteers, or volunteers, call persons voluntarily providing help in need. The main task of such associations is deep internal, personal. Due to the cohesion and sense of responsibility of its members, it reaches very high results in the field of declared tasks. The main thing in this group is its "Spirit". "Missionaries" appreciate decency, reliability. Business relationships are built on ideological leadership authority.
This form reflects the public children's organization "League of Young Journalists". Representatives of the League participate in festivals and competitions of cinema-tele-visoprograms, contests of children's and youthful Rado, presses, information forums. An example of such a form of associations can serve as the All-Russian Organization "Children's and Youth Initiatives" (Dimusi). At the heart of the organization's ideology is the voluntary ministry of young people in civil society.
The third form of the organization include the activities of the All-Russian Children's and Youth Society School of Safety and the Interregional Children's and Youth Organization for the Association of Vityaze, the Military-Sport and Patriotic Education. In such associations for a significant number of adolescents, the parish in a detachment is a test of themselves, self-affirmation and self-realization. The leading way to the detachment is the initiation - a specific form of promotion in social status. Participants in the association are included in the spheres of vital activity as a game, sport, knowledge. Hence the specific forms of interaction organization: line, memory watch, march.
Analysis of the program documents of numerous scout organizations allows them to be attributed to the third form.
For the fourth form of a teenage public organization "Commune", a method for jointly solving topical problems in the arrangement of the surrounding life is characteristic. The fundamental element of the life of the commune - social design. The organization prevails a democratic style of interpersonal relationships, adults fulfill the role of consultants or managers of individual projects.
In its pure form of the form of children's public organizations, it is rare, but in each of them the dominants characteristic of one or another unification can be found.
Children's organizations of modern Russia
Children's organizations of modern Russia - A combination of various public organizations, associations and informal communities of the citizens of the Russian Federation under the age of 18.
Description
Modern children's organizations are different in shape, structure, degree of coordination, goals, content and areas of activity. Children's organizations can be divided into public and informal.
Children's public organizations often suggest a complex structure and documentary, the development of the Charter, the creation of a system of governing bodies. Public organizations include associations, federations, unions, leagues, funds, etc. Informal organizations call spontaneously emerging groups of children. As a rule, they do not always stand aside from social problems, often arise on the basis of amateur interests or groups of interests, entertainment preferences. There are also antisocial informal organizations, such as criminal groups, hooligan suckers, etc.
The boundaries of the concepts of "children", "teenage" and "youth" are determined in different ways. In modern pedagogy and age psychology, researchers most often allocate childhood (earlier, pre-school, junior school) - age from 1 year to 10-12 years, Teenage age from 11-12 to 15-16 years And early youth from 15 to 18 years old. However, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Constitution of the Russian Federation They consider children of all citizens from birth to 18 years old - it is at the age of 18 the civil age is coming. Since children's organizations relate to the sphere of social activities, they apply the legal definition of children's age - up to 18 years.
Before the revolution
At the end of the XIX century, the first children's out-of-school unions began to appear in Russia. Representatives of the intelligentsia created mugs, clubs, sports grounds and summer wellness colonies for children from poor families, many of whom did not attend school, and worked in production. By 1917, there were 17 significant children's organizations in Russia.
May unions
At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries in foreign Europe, the May Unions on the protection of birds and animals actively operated, The idea of \u200b\u200bthe creation of which suggested the Finnish storyteller Zahariya Tophetius ( Zacharias Topelius.). In itself, Russia, the first May Union was organized in May 1898 in the village of Elisavtino Pskov province who returned from the Grand Duchy of the Finnish landowner E. E. Vaganova.
Thanks to publications in children's journals, after a year, May unions began to be created on the basis of many Russian schools and unite children of 9-11 years. The emblem of the Union was a flying swallow. The movement of children's May unions on the protection and protection of birds after the October Revolution ceased, but the idea of \u200b\u200bprotecting birds was caught by the organization "Young Naturalists" (Yunnists).
Setlements
In the early 1900s in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tomsk and other cities, the international retail movement was distributed, villages of cultural people among the poor (from englishsettlement.), originated in the 1860s in England. In Moscow, the Society "Setlement" organized the teacher Stanislav Shatsky in 1906.
In 1908, the society was closed by the police for the propaganda of socialism among children, and in 1909 resumed work entitled "Child labor and rest." The society was engaged in the organization of additional education, children's clubs and workshops, the country summer labor colony "Bodya Life".
Scouts
However, the official date of the founding of the children's movement in Russia is considered to be April 30, 1909. On this day, in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg, the Guards officer Oleg Pantyukhov organized the first Russian squaut detachment. Skapt movement was founded in the UK in 1907 by Robert Baden-Powell ( Robert Baden-Powell). His book tutorial scouting "Young Scout" ( english « Scouting. for boys» ) It was published in Russia in 1908.
Skapt movement has become the first massive children's movement in Russia. It has developed most intensively during the First World War. In the autumn of 1917, there were 50 thousand scouts in 143 cities of Russia. In 1910, Baden-Powell came to Russia and talked about the prospects for scouting with the emperor Nikolai II. Skapt was both Tsarevich-heir Alexey. In 1926, however, scout organizations were officially prohibited - they were replaced by pioneers.
For the upbringing of proletarian children in the first days after the 1917 revolution, children's clubs began to be created in various cities. An emergency education system originated. Children's artistic and sports schools, stations of young naturalists and young technicians were opened. Children became active participants in many social and political phenomena.
The emergence of pioneeria
In the autumn of 1918, the children's organization of young communists (Yukov) was created, but in a year it turned out to be dissolved. In November 1921, it was decided to establish an all-Russian children's organization. For several months, children's groups operated in Moscow, during the experiment, pioneer characters and attributes were developed, the name of the new organization was adopted - the detachments of young Pioneers named Spartak. On May 7, 1922, the first pioneer fire was held in the Sokolnic Forest in Moscow.
On May 19, 1922, the II All-Russian Conference of the Russian Communist Union of Youth (RKSM) decided to distribute this experience to the whole country. This day was the birthday of the pioneer organization. In the spring of 1923 in Moscow, and in the summer-autumn and in other regions of the country, a group of younger children began to emerge with the Pioneer detachments - October. On January 21, 1924, the Pioneer Organization received the name of Vladimir Lenin, and since March 1926 she became All-Union. From 18 to 25 August 1929, the first All-Union Pioneer Pioneers took place in Moscow.
Basic concepts
The general case begins with the discussion, dialogue. At the same time, the most often misunderstanding of each other is due to the fact that the use of concepts by the parties is ambiguous.
Let key concepts become a guide for the participants of the festival "The Bank of Childhood" and, we hope, in the follow-up to the organizers of children's public associations.
Children's social movement - a set of states of vital activity of public formations, ensuring the entry, adaptation and integration of the individual to the social environment (I.A.Vagayeva, V.V. Kovrov, M.E. Kulpednova, D.N. Lebedev, E.L.Rukhotskaya ).
Children's public association is the formation of children, united on the basis of community of interests for the implementation of self-development purposes on the initiative and in the pedagogical administration of adults (A.V.Volokhov).
SPO FDO - the International Union of Children's Public Associations "Union of Pioneer Organizations - the Federation of Children's Organizations", established on October 1, 1990 by the delegates of the All-Union Pioneers Fleet, unites legal entities - Children's public organizations, unions, associations and other public associations created with the participation of children or in their interests.
SPO FDO - the successor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization - is a non-commercial non-state public association, independent of any parties and political movements, and is valid on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation, legislation of foreign states, where there are members of the FDO, and the Charter of SPO FDO.
Being a part of the International Children's Movement, SPO FDO participates in the work of various international and all-Russian public associations and non-commercial organizations.
SPOO-FDO seeks to create favorable conditions for the realization of the interests of children and children's projects, the knowledge of the children of the world, education of the citizen of their country and the world democratic community, protect the rights and interests of children and children's organizations, strengthening interethnic and international relations.
SPO FDO helps children to navigate in economic reforms, live in society on democratic foundations; Combine good and justice, mercy and humanity, respectfully to each member of the organization.
SPO FDO motto: "For homeland, good and justice!" (V.N. Kochergin)
SPO-FDO Scientific and Practical Center (SPO FDO NPC) - a structural division of the Office of the International Union of Children's Public Associations "Union of Pioneer Organizations - the Federation of Children's Organizations" (SPO-FDO), designed:
- to form the foundations of the content of the activity of SPO FDO;
- stimulate the creation of new children's and adolescent associations as the basis of the development of SPO FDO;
- initiate and work out the elements of the mechanism of the State Youth Policy;
- determine the prospects for the development of SPO FDO;
- develop priority directions and new models of activity of SPO FDO;
- conduct scientific research and events; carry out orders and create scientific and methodological support of the activities of organizations - SPO-FDO subjects;
- organize the preparation and retraining of the organizers of the children's movement; establish contacts with public associations and organizations, media, strengthen and expand these ties.
On the basis of the SPO FDO created in the NPC, the "Children's Order", "School of Democratic Culture", "I want to do my own business", "The game is a serious", "Tree of Life", " The world of beauty will be saved "," from culture and sports - to a healthy lifestyle "," cooperation "," Scarlet Sails "," His Voice "," Vacation "," Leader "," Know yourself "," I and we " "Ecology and children", "Children are children", "Growth", "Golden Needle", "Alenka" and others.
The socio-pedagogical potential of children's public associations is an objective reserves capable of managing themselves, providing a qualitatively new positive result both from a state point of view, and from the position of the personal growth of a young citizen (T.A. Lubova).
Children's public organization is a voluntary, amateur, self-goverment based on the Charter (and other documents) an equal association of children and adults, created for joint activities for the implementation and protection of the interests of united (A.V.Volokhov).
The functions of children's organizations are those homogeneous tasks that determine the content of children's organizations, reveal and develop a goal implemented by the participants of the association.
Socio-pedagogical functions of children's organizations are functions governing the social relations of children and contributing to the creation of conditions for their social well-being.
Socially pedagogical functions include:
- social protection function;
- function of forming social literacy;
- the function of the correction of social behavior and social connections;
- the function of the prophylaxis of asocial behavior;
- the function of social rehabilitation (E.E. Stepure).
Principles of Socialization of Personality in Children's Public Association
Principle (lat.principium base, beginning) - 1) the main, initial position of any theory, exercise, etc.; guidance idea, basic rule; 2) internally conviction, look at things that determine the norm of behavior; 3) the basis of the device, the actions of any mechanism, instrument, installation. (Dictionary of foreign words. - M., Rus.yasik, 1985, p.400).
Principles of socializing personality in the Children's Public Association:
- the inclusion of children in various types of social practice on the basis of a conscious choice of funds and ways to meet social, prefect, personal inconsistencies, the acquisition of children and adolescents to the wealth of human experience with its use in specific social conditions;
- the realization of the interests of the individual and society, their combination, relationship, interpenetration and mutual enrichment;
- development of democratic forms of personal civil participation in public affairs based on constitutional norms and laws;
- the formation of a system of open social and cultural values \u200b\u200bfor young people, accompanied by the education of the need for the choice of value priorities for themselves, its social group.
The rod of the set of principles is to ensure the social security of children and adolescents as citizens, subjects of social creativity, carriers and conductors of the diversity of human values \u200b\u200b(A.V.Volokhov).
Self-government is the independence of any organized social community in managing their own affairs (Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. HL. A.M.Prokhorov. - 4th ed., M., 1988).
Children's government is the democratic form of the organization of the team of children, ensuring the development of their independence in making and implementing solutions to achieve goals. This definition is the following keywords:
- the development of independence is a phased transfer to children of rights and obligations as the children's team develops and the formation of the readiness of the leaders-organizers from among children to the organization of the Group's activities;
- the adoption and implementation of management decisions - a sign of developing self-government, the involvement of children in the management of the team's business;
- group goals fill with real content to self-government, contribute to the unification of children based on joint interests (M.I. Hyzhkov).
The symbolism of the children's association is a set of signs, identifying, images expressing the idea that is expressing for the collective, indicating belonging to any union, organization, meaningful event. (N.I. Volkov).
Programs of children's public associations are documents reflecting a consistent system of actions aimed at achieving a socio-pedagogical goal.
In the modern history of the Children's Movement of the USSR and Russia, a powerful software boom was associated with the decisions of the IX All-Union Pioneers (1987), which has abolished the United Pioneer Program - the All-Union March of Young Leninists.
In November 1988, a scientific and practical conference "Programs in the Pioneer Organization: Appointment, Scientific Methodological Fundamentals of Development and Implementation" was held, on which practitioners were presented from various regions of the country - Chelyabinsk, Kharkov, Krasnoarmeysk Donetsk region, and others . The magazine "Department" published a number of programs focused on the personal growth of the child in the Pioneer organization: "Remember! Find out! Lead! Participate! "Act!" (Author: Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences A.P.Sponon), "We are a team? We are a team ... We are a team! " (by Dr. Pedagogical Sciences M.G. Kazakina), "Compass" (author's team - Ivashchenko, E.Titova, E. Bogyko, etc.).
In 1991, the scientific and practical center of SPO FDO was based on a variable-program approach to the activities of children's associations (author -E.V. Volokhov), a first package of programs, such as "Children's Order of Mercy", "School of Young Parliamentaries" (School of Democratic Cultures), "Vacation", "Your Voice", "Children are children", "Tree of Life", "From Culture and Sports to a Healthy Lifestyle", "The game is a serious thing", "the world of beauty will be saved", "Scarlet Sails " In the development of this package of programs, 57 scientists and practitioners from 15 regions of the country took part.
The strategy of a variable-program approach focused on the leaders of children's public associations to support various regional programs, flexibility to the prospects for their development, on the accounting of socio-economic, political changes in the environment, to ensure every child a real opportunity to try themselves in various social roles (journalist, Parliamentarian, patronage sister, leader) and make a choice of activity in accordance with their needs and experience.
Many of the programs have become the basis or to create specialized children's associations, or to develop a variety of territorial profile programs of various teams, associations, organizations.
In the activities of many children's organizations (both domestic and foreign) there is a different approach to programs. So, in Skautov, they carry pragmatic character and are intended to obtain a specific result - skill, quality. In the activities of the children's educational organization "4-H" (USA, Canada), programs are being developed by specialists of universities at the state level, depending on the results of a sociological study of the interests and needs of children and adolescents, which is held every five years. Basic programs are provided by the most powerful methodical equipment. The child is considered a member of the program (M.R. Mirushkin).
Freshman Irina Igorevna, Dr. Ped. Sciences, deputy. Director of IPPD RAO, Director of the NPC SPO - FDO, Professor.
Alternative scout organizations were and there is a generation of enthusiast groups. It is difficult to determine the features equally inherent in all of them. If in the 1920s. They did not receive mass support in society due to the negation of the dominant churches, the joint upbringing of boys and girls (which in English society was not very welcomed), participation in the events of political parties, today alternative movements and organizations in the dream advantaged for the preservation of old ("conservative ") Traditions, against modernism, excessive socialization of the scout movement. Although, of course, this is inherent far from all groups (especially new way). Today it is difficult to definitely declare that this "innovation" will definitely defeat. But in the conditions when new-comby ideas conquer more and more supporters (and not only in the United States), scouting will have to either change once again or sharply and radically divided the organizational and radically. One way or another, and then, no child and teenage movement can be withstanding the mass spread of scouting. All these groups were not and are not any serious alternative to scout, which exists on the principles of the VMED or WAGGS.
DOO - voluntary, enshrined by formal membership Union of children and adolescents, built on the principles of self-government, amateur performance and organizational independence.
The activities of children's social organizations are regulated by the following state regulatory acts: Civil Code of the Russian Federation; RF Law "On Non-Profit Organizations"; RF Law "On Public Associations"; RF Law "On State Support for Youth and Children's Public Associations".
According to its legal status, a children's public organization has the following essential signs: the presence of voluntary, officially executed membership. The participation of members of the organization in managing its affairs: elections of the governing bodies, control over their activities, production programs of the organization's activities, etc. Participation in ensuring the property basis of the organization and organizational-structural independence.
The purpose of the DOO activity can be considered in 2 aspects. On the one hand, as a goal that the children who united in the organization are set, on the other hand, as a purely educational goal, which adults have created this organization for children.
Children's public organization of the Sverdlovsk region of the Socolatti works in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region of 2.5 years. The main goal of the organization is to help young residents of the Sverdlovsk region in civilianization. Thanks to its activities, the Sverdlovsk region should receive the socio-beneficial affairs of children today, and independent and active adult citizens tomorrow.
The daily activities of the detachment "Sobatim" are planned in such a way that the children can have the opportunity to acquire the knowledge they needed on one or another specialties are not only theoretically, but also through the participation and organization of various events, shares, holidays, fees, hiking, etc.
Each squad (the territorial organization "Socolat") gives the plan for its activities adopted on the Council of the Council (organization) in the regional council of the Children's Public Organization of the Sverdlovsk Region "Cocolate", 1 time in three months. In addition, an informational report on the operation of the detachment (organization) for the previous three months is applied to the plan.
Having studied the values \u200b\u200bof children and adolescents as the basis for the effective functioning of children's public associations on the example of the Socolate DO, we came to the conclusions:
- Most members of the primary organization of their ideals
- Associations considers the truth and good;
- the laws of the primary organization and their participation in it basics primarily on friendship;
- the realization of their rights sees in the existence of equality and justice;
- Of all the duties and actions of members of the association, the most appreciated the case;
- the main norms of the association considers voluntary and creativity;
- Principles of primary organization activities - spirituality and humanism;
- guidelines for activity - mercy and peacemaking;
- concerns for their affairs and reflections - family and society;
- The organizational structure and activities of the primary organization of the BRSM are built, according to its members, primarily on the principle of cooperation.
Participation in the activities of children's associations gives children and young people a rich unique experience of communicating, romance, adventure, and also forms an active civil position, responsibility, initiative and purposefulness, introduces democratic and legal norms. Volunteer activity for the benefit of other people, nature forms moral values \u200b\u200bin children's activists, humane qualities. Such children and young people can bring a lot of benefit to society and their country.
List of used sources and literature
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§ 4. Children's public associations in the educational system of school
Children's public associations as an institution of upbringing.
The school cannot not take into account the impact on the education of children of various social institutions. Among them, various children's public associations occupy a special place. Previous experience proves that children's associations should have its own social niche. Global goals are devoted for them, the imposition of other public or state institutions on them. The promising goals of children's public associations are to help children find the application of their forces and opportunities, fill the vacuum in the realization of children's interests, while maintaining their face, its approaches.
To change the All-Union Pioneer Organization - a single, monopoly, mass - a lot of forms and structures of children's movement came. The International Federation of Children's Organizations (SPO-FDO) has been established, as part of which 65 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the CIS - Republican, regional, regional, city children's structures. The Federation of Children's Organizations "Yuna Russia" unites 72 children's public associations of different levels (from primary associations to unions, associations).
Simultaneously, informal, spontaneously emerging children's and youth associations are being created and actively decorated and acts, which are preferred to 30 percent of young people. Especially attractive today associations - "Tusovka" of various orientation: social, sports, cultural (musical), national. There are also associations of asocial orientation. "Tusovka" is an independent and weak external regulatory tool for influencing children and young people.
Today, children's movement appears as a complex socio-pedagogical reality, which is manifested in the voluntary activities of the children themselves on their requests, needs, needs, their initiatives, as a kind of response to the events of their surrounding life. Their main feature is an amateur ideas aimed at implementing the child of his natural needs - individual self-determination and social development.
The educational means of children's movement becomes under special conditions, the methods of its organization, allowing to positively influence the child with the efforts of the children themselves, their communities, to gently manage its development as a person, complementing school, out-of-school institutions, family. One of the conditions - the pedagogically organized, socially and personal activity of the children's public association is the main form of children's movement.
Children's public association is primarily a self-organizing, self-governing community, which is created on a voluntary basis (desire for children and adults), on initiatives, the desire of participants to achieve certain goals that express requests, needs, the needs of children. Children's public association of a positive social orientation is an open structure, a democratic, without a tough "official hierarchy." It is not a structure of a state institution (schools, institutions of additional education, university, enterprise), but can be created and act on the basis of the latter with direct personnel, financial and logistical support. Children can be considered such an association, as part of which at least 2/3 of citizens did not reach 18 years. The leadership of adults (necessarily members or association participants) is voluntary, social character. The relative independence of the children's public association is its characteristic feature.
Unlike children's association, a children's public organization as a form of a child movement is an association of a clearly pronounced social, ideological orientation, created, as a rule, adult communities, state structures. This is a relatively closed, multi-stage structure with subordination of subordinate to higher, fixed membership, responsibilities and rights of each member, the authority of self-government, an official. The organization is based on a system of small primary children's structures, through which the goal is implemented, the tasks of the organization, its laws, rights and obligations. The activities of the organization, its program define perspectives of both organizations and each member (discharge, degree, title, positions). The classic example of a children's organization is a pioneer, scout.
The modern situation of the depoliticization of children's movement, its orientability for humanistic principles, disclosure of the creative personal potential of the child, its natural data determine the preference of more democratic, open forms of public children's movement. Thus, children's public associations received the right to be independent legal entities and identify their relations with various state structures as equal partners on the principles of interaction, cooperation, on a contractual basis.
Another important feature of modern children's public structures is their right to choose adult leaders. Today there is no concrete charged, representative of the youth, adult public structure, there is no single pedagogical leadership in the face of professionals. A curator (leader, leader) of the children's association can be almost any adult without limiting age, gender, nationality, education, party affiliation, operating in the framework of the Declaration on the Rights of the Child and the Laws of the Russian Federation.
There are no restrictions on the basing of children's public associations. They can be created and act on the basis of public and private institutions, public structures, at the place of residence.
The influence of child associations on the functioning and development of the educational system of the school. Their influence is determined by the diversity of factors: the specifics of the state institution and the public children's structure; educational traditions of the school and the target focus of the association; personnel potential of the school; features of the surrounding society; The personality of the head of the association, etc. In each particular case, mutual influence will be diverse. However, it is important that the final result is a positive impact on the child, the teacher (entities of the educational system) was essential.
The goal of the activities of any children's public association can be viewed in two aspects: on the one hand, as the purpose that children set themselves, on the other, as a purely educational purpose, which adults participate in the work of children's associations.
In the first case, the voluntary association of children is possible only when they see in it the prospect of an interesting life, the ability to meet their needs. It is important that the union improves the social significance of their activities, made them more "adults". This aspect that does not contradict the "children's" goal involves the creation of such conditions in the organization under which the socialization of the child is more successfully carried out, the result of which is the desire and readiness of children to fulfill social functions in society.
Children's public association is an important factor for influencing the child, affecting two ways: on the one hand, it creates conditions for meeting the needs, interests, child's goals, the formation of new aspirations; On the other hand, it causes the selection of the personality's internal capabilities through self-restraint and collective choices, adjustments with public standards, values, social programs.
Children's public association performs protective functions, defending, protecting interests, rights, dignity, child's uniqueness.
The process of socialization in children's association is effective in community of interests, joint activities of children and adults. At the same time, children should remain the right to choose the forms of vital activity of the association, free transition from one group, one microcollection to other, the ability to create associations to implement their own programs.
Types of children's public associations. The associations of children differ in the content of activities, the duration of existence, in the form of management.
For the content of activities, children's associations may be labor, leisure, social and political, religious, patriotic, cognitive, etc. Labor associations of children implement the tasks of organizing their work. These are student cooperatives created most often for the joint activities of children by solving personal economic problems.
Leisure, socio-political, patriotic and other associations involve the solution of the tasks of the development of the abilities and the inclined of children, the problems of providing them with opportunities for communication, self-expression and self-affirmation. Due to the fact that in these teams, the child comes in voluntarily, here he does not need to put up with the position he is forced to occupy in the classroom.
By the duration of existence, children's public associations can be permanent, which, as a rule, arise on the basis of the school, additional education institutions, at the place of residence of children. Typical temporal associations of children are children's summer centers, tourist groups, etc. The situational include associations of children created to solve any task that does not require much time (participants in the aid of assistance, plates, etc.).
In the nature of the management of children's public associations, informal associations of children, club associations, children's organizations can be distinguished.
L. Valiyeva The experience of the interaction of the school and children's public associations is in the following typical options.
The first option is a school as a state educational institution and children's public associations (more often this organization with a clear program, the purpose, the rights and obligations of members of the federal, regional, urban values \u200b\u200bthat have an independent legal status) are building attitudes as equal partners on a contractual basis according to the law " Support for children's, youth public associations, "taking each particular obligations to themselves.
With this cooperation, real interaction capabilities are created for two independent educational entities. At the same time, the school voluntarily chooses a partner in the person of a children's public structure, based on the principles of democratization and humanization of the educational process. The interaction of equal educational entities can be implemented in a variety of forms, primarily on the basis of the implementation of general programs (social, cultural, educational, etc.). SPO-FDO and school entities, as experience shows, successfully interact on the basis of developed socially oriented programs ("The game is a serious", "Order of Mercy", "School of Democratic Culture", etc.). Programs, FDO projects "Yuna Russia", oriented to civil education, individual development, social adaptation of the child ("Revival", "School of Social Success"), to the upbringing and development of younger schoolchildren ("Four Plus Three", "Little Prince of Earth" ), successfully used in updating educational systems of schools.
At the base of the school can be created and act "outposts", primary structures (squads, detachments, clubs), urban, regional children's organizations whose members of the school of this school are. With its social activities, the position of the member of the organization, the associations such children affect certain aspects of the educational system of the school or contribute to the creation (create press centers, organize clubs, conduct expedition trips).
The positive impact on the educational system of the school of relations of equal partners is largely determined by dynamism, democracy, autonomy of children's public associations, clearly expressed by their specificity, as well as the opportunity to have several partners, without tosing themselves hard and for a long time to one public association, organization, building relationships The principle of feasibility. The interaction of equal partners allows you to bring the educational system of school for its walls, to make more open, socially significant, efficient. The new position of students - members of the Children's Public Association positively affects their training activities, making adjustments to its content, organization, humanizing the relationship "adult-child". The experience convinces that children's public structures are mediated capable of bringing educational systems of schools from the state of crisis and chaos.
So far, in the mass practice of the relationship of schools and children's public associations as equal partners only originate.
The second option is more common. Its essence is that the relations of the state educational institution and the children's social structure are being built as the interaction of the subjects of the educational system of the school, giving it the features of self-governing, democratic, state-public.
Children's association in this case is an important component of the system in close relationship with its main structures. In other words, the interaction of these two subjects is carried out within the educational system at the level of state and public (amateur) of its structures (management and self-government, class - child association, government curricula and programs for children's associations in extracurricular time, etc.).
As a rule, adults - teachers, leaders are becoming the initiators of the creation of children's public structures in schools - children, their parents themselves. Pedagogues initiators and become voluntary by curators, managers, leaders of child associations, their active participants. It is this group of teachers and a children's asset, combined into voluntary communities on the call of the soul, often perform the generators of new ideas, the implementation of which can be the initial stage of the design of the educational system or impetus to its development. Such an influence of children's public associations on an educational system of school has been observed in practice in practice.
The school is increasingly aware of the importance in the educational system of children's movement due to its diverse manifestations, amateur activities, creativity of children. Currently, there is a most diverse experience in creating public children's structures in schools (organizations, clubs, councils, unions, children's parliaments, etc.), organically included in their educational systems.
So, children's public structures in educational systems of schools are presented:
A variety of forms, student governments (high school councils, school committees, Duma, Veche, etc.);
School (student) organizations; children's community associations, organizations operating in the system of additional education of the school;
Temporary children's associations - advice, headquarters for the preparation and conduct of collective creative cases, games, labor operations, sports, tourist and local history competitions;
Profile children's amateur associations (on expanding, deepening knowledge in specific areas).
Each of such children's social structures has its own specifics and is able to influence the state of the educational system of the school at a competent pedagogical instrument. So, the place of student organizations in the educational system of the school is quite specific. They are the allies of the pedagogical team of the school in solving its main tasks defined by the state; Defenders of the student's rights, initiators of school Olympiads, competitions, reviews, subject weeks, creative exhibitions conducted together with teachers. The main object of their activities is a school, a student, the relationship of "teacher-student", educational activities. The role and place of a student organization at school, its authority in the eyes of children, teachers, parents is one of the performance of the educational system of school.
Children's public associations, as evidenced by the experience of recent years, often serve as incentives for the birth of a new school, and at the same time in their activities are preserved, the best traditions of the school are enriched. It can be said that they are able to give the educational system of school stability, foundation, modernity.
The main meaning of the interaction of school and children's social structures is to create a truly humanistic educational system in which the goal and the result is a child as a person, creator, creator.
Questions and tasks
1. Give the definition of the educational system.
2. What is the structure of the educational system?
3. What is the essence of the driving forces of the educational system?
4. Expand the content of the main stages of the development of the educational system.
5. What are the criteria for the effectiveness of the educational system?
6. Give the characteristics of the main foreign and Russian educational systems.
7. What are the functions, rights and obligations of the class teacher?
8. Name the main forms of work of the class teacher with students.
9. What are the role and place of the class teacher in the functioning and development of the educational system?
10. Name the main features and types of children's public associations.
11. Describe the main options for the interaction of school and children's public associations and their influence on the functioning and development of the educational system.
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