This dangerous infectious disease is mainly striking animals, but as of August 2, 2016, 86 people already hit the infectious branch of the Salekhard hospital with suspicion of Siberian sibirsk. In 8 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed, 1 child died.
1. What happened on Yamal
Last week, it became known about the massive case of deer on Yamal (Municipal District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug): over a short time, more than 2,300 animals died. The results of the analyzes confirmed the worst concerns of veterinarians and infectiousists - "I woke up" the Siberian ulcer.
The reason for the outbreak of the Siberian ulcers, Yamal officials call an anomalous heat: In July, the temperature was kept at 35 ° C, the disputes of the Siberian ulcers were excavated from the permafrost, the reindeer excavated the abandoned cathomilion and became infected with a deadly infection.
Today, 86 people from the quarantine zone are in the infectious department of Salekhard, among them - 51 children. Doctors confirmed the diagnosis of 8 patients, 1 child died.
The governor of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) Dmitry Kobylkin described the situation as "medium" and stated that infectiousists do everything possible so that the patients survived.
The focus of Siberian ulcers in the tundra is already localized, more than 200 people from the parking lot of reindeer wheels receive preventive vaccines.
2. What is dangerous Siberian ulcer
Siberian ulcer (Anthrax, Maligncourse carbuncoon) is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world. This zoonosis spreads primarily among animals, but to the causative agent of infection - the sporing-forming bacterium Bacillus Anthracis is susceptible to the person.
The source of the epidemic of the Siberian ulcers is a cattle. From person to man, the disease is usually not transmitted.
The Siberian ulcer flows lightning around: in a few hours the patient's condition can become critical, and without timely antibacterial treatment he dies.
The greatest danger is not bacteria, but the disputes of Siberian ulcers: they can be in the ground dozens of years. To suppress the outbreak of infection, the masses of the dead animals are buried deep into the ground, the cattleochils fall asleep the lime powder and other chlorine-containing antiseptics.
Today, all the grains are applied to cards and guard, but people and animals may be near the abandoned burial, which melting a terrible threat.
3. Who can infect Siberian ulcers
Infection of the Siberian ulcer mainly occurs through the skin: even several dozen arguments have enough. The disease is not transmitted from a person to man, but if people have meat or work with a sick animal skin, they can get infected.
Specialists say that the infection cannot spread to other regions of the Russian Federation: in the summer, deer are not clogged, and at the time of quarantine, the export of any animal husbandry products from Yamal is strictly prohibited.
If you live far from INAO, the only way to get infected is to buy meat from poachers or animal skins without veterinary printing.
To stop the spread of Siberian ulcers, the veterinarians are going to vaccinate more than 40 thousand reindeers, and the reindeer breeding will receive the vaccinations and preventive course of antibiotics.
4. What symptoms of Siberian ulcers in humans
The incubation period of the Siberian ulcers in humans is 3-14 days. Symptoms of the disease depends on its shape.
- For skin form of Siberian ulcers Furuncules appear on the skin of the patient, which will be cushed and gradually black; The body temperature rises to 40 or more degrees, there is strong intoxication, nausea, vomiting.
- Intestinal shape of Siberian ulcers It occurs if you try the meat of the patient of the animal. The infection begins with a sharp abdominal pain, fever, chills, vomiting with blood and diarrhea.
- Pulmonary form of Siberian ulcers - The most dangerous. It is accompanied by pain in the chest, coughing with blood and choking.
It is easiest to cure the skin shape of the Siberian ulcers: timely diagnosis and antibacterial therapy reduces mortality to 1-2%. If bacteria fall into the stomach or light, sepsis develops, which can lead to death. Without timely treatment, 70-80% of patients die from the septic form of Siberian ulcers.
5. Does the Siberian ulcer threatens Ukrainians
If you live far from the focus of the outbreak of the Siberian ulcers, the probability of infected is almost equal to zero. Exception is people buying cheap animal husbandry products without veterinary printing.
In Ukraine, over the past 15 years, the cases of Siberian ulcers were recorded three times - in 2003, 2012 and 2016.
In the spring of 2016, in Chugueva, the Kharkiv region, the Siberian ulcers revealed in sows, which was contained in the private sector. Chuguevsky district is considered unfavorable software, because in Soviet times the corpses of patients of animals simply buried to the ground.
In order not to expose yourself the risk of Siberian ulcers and other infectious diseases, buy food products only in specially designed places.
Right holder illustration Ria Novosti. Image Caption. 2.3 thousand deer were killed from Siberian ulcers in the region
After the first 75 years of the Siberian Ozzles, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the authorities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District have to be held at the identification of old cattle bisks and restricting access to them, the Deputy Director for Scientific Related by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology Rospotrebnadzor Viktor Maleev.
Siberian ulcer caused the death of a child who is on Monday. The number of confirmed cases of the disease has already reached 20, reported on Tuesday, the main freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health on infectious diseases Irina Shestakov.
According to Shestakova, eight of the 20 feasible children. A total of 90 people were hospitalized in the focus of infection in the Yamal district, but most of them are not confirmed by the diagnosis.
The reason for hospitalization was the slightest indisposition, including a runny nose and irritation on the skin.
"A few patients who caused our fears a few days ago, today, according to the results of the morning bypass, showed a stable state with a completely clear positive dynamics," Shestakova said.
Cases of the disease, as a rule, belong to the families of reindeer herders. From Siberian ulcers in the region killed 2.3 thousand deer.
According to the local authorities, the deer in search of the feed came across the remains of the animal died from the Siberian ulcers and then infected each other.
The YNAO authorities have already begun to conduct vaccination - both animals and the families of the reindeer breeders. The first vaccine will receive residents from the "pure zone", living next to the hearth disease.
In the meantime, all the people who were directly in the hearth receive antibacterial drugs in the framework of prevention, and three days after that they will be vaccinated.
Russian BBC Service Talked S. Victoroh. Maleevs How dangerous is the outbreak of the disease in the YNAO and what needs to be done by local authorities to avoid such incidents in the future.
Castomotion with guard
BBC: What are the reasons for the outbreak of Siberian ulcers in the YNAO and is it possible to say that this is some of the row of the outgoing case?
Viktor Maleev:To say that this is something outstanding, of course, it is impossible, because there were more outbreaks. The reason the main thing is that the cattle bisks that were previously under the eternal Merzlot apparently eliminated, and the bacterium was activated. It is usually in a dispute, and here it was in a vegetative form.
One of the reasons is that we may not know the location of all cattle bikes, and this bacterium can be kept hundreds of years.
When many years ago there was a flash of the disease, there was also a very high temperature. This is the disease of animals, and now there are more than two thousand reindeers died.
Because there is a very close residence of people, they live near overhead, that is, the sick and among them. While one child died, and he had an intestinal form: he, apparently, used the contaminated meat.
Now they are engaged in a very important problem - the disposal of dead animals and the creation of a new cattleochloride for many years, with the protection, so that people no longer have the opportunity to catch this bacterium.
Right holder illustration Reuters Image Caption. Disputes and vegetative cells of the pathogen of Siberian ulcers - Bacillus Anthracis - under the microscopeBBC: Does this mean that the communities of nonsense-reindeer breeders are in a very vulnerable position in relation to this and other diseases that are transmitted through animals?
VM:Probably to some extent yes. They have such a living, they are most closely communicated with animals, and so it was for many centuries. Probably better when people are separately, animals separately, but this is such a type of life that exists in many parts of the world. Although, of course, the children could have been going to the way, probably.
BBC: How big is the public danger of this outbreak of the disease?SayIs it worth it to people on Yamal who are not reindeer herds and do not live close to them, something to fear?
VM: No, this infection is thus not transmitted. It is skin, that is, this is a contact path of transmission, only people who communicated with deer.
In this case, there is a skin form, only one boy had an intestinal form, and the skin shape is dangerous only when contacting. Since all patients with the skin form are already being isolated, the fact that someone will be crammed closely about this skin is excluded, so the contact path is not dangerous for the rest.
True, it is necessary to observe after different, because we do not know how many people have been common with deer.
Climate influence
BBC: What is the forecast and When is the Siberian ulcer detect a person? What does it depend on?
VM: The forecast depends on the start of treatment and on the form of the disease. When there were cases of bioterrorism in America, the disease was distributed by air-droplet. The pulmonary form, as in cases with bioterrorism, is worse, and when skin, it is usually considered that mortality is up to 10%.
BBC: The last time the Siberian ulcer was recorded on Yamal in 1941, 75 years ago. Why does the disease return?
VM: Climate climate. Climatic changes have a strong influence. Old tombstones: Apparently, simply was the eternal Merzlot, we did not know until the end that was there.
These places are poorly investigated, and cattleochilicians are 100 years after the burial, and now this situation turned out with sharp climate warming.
In other regions of Russia, access to cattle bisins is limited, they are known, they are protected, no activity is conducted there. And here all the same nomadic places, huge spaces.
BBC: It was reported that the manufacturer of the vaccine from the Siberian ulcers shipped for Yamal a thousand doses. Who is primarily a vaccine?
VM: Now we have, mostly vaccinated veterinarians, animals. Now it is necessary to be especially careful because we do not know: maybe some deer have already transferred non-heavy forms of the disease, and people communicate with them.
You still need to vaccinate laboratory workers who work with bacteria. Vaccine, thank God, is. In many other diseases it is not.
Now the main thing is to return to the question of these cattle bikes to limit them so that the animals have not been lazzly there.
Moscow, 3 Aug - RIA Novosti, Larisa Zhukov. The outbreak of Siberian ulcers struck the Yamalo-Nenets district for the first time in 75 years. The other day it became known about the death of a 12-year-old child. An ulcer was discovered in 20 people. Another 70 remain hospitalized with suspected infection, more than half of them are children. RIA Novosti found out than the dangerous Bacillus, how to protect against the disease and what the authorities and locals think about it.
Causes of flashes
Quarantine in the Yamal district of the district introduced on July 25. Then it became known about the massive case of animals: more than 2 thousand deer died from Siberian ulcers. According to local residents, about a week of the media and the authorities did not report about what happened: "We learned all the information first of all from social networks from the relatives of doctors and rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations," said a resident of Salekhard Galina (name changed).
"On the scale of the epidemic influenced the fact that they first considered that the hot weather and deer murut from the heat strike was to blame. Lost a week or even a little more",
The local resident of Ivan told (the name changed).
Siberian ulcers found in 20 nonsense. The figures led the main freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for infectious diseases Irina Shestakov.
Siberian ulcer I was struck by Yamal for the first time in 75 years: one deceased, 20 fell illIn total, more than 2.3 thousand animals died due to the outbreak of the disease. To eliminate the consequences of the outbreak of Siberian ulcers to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District sent military specialists and aviation of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.According to her, all infected - reindeer-nomads who were in the focus of the outbreak of infection in the tundra. Most of them have a skin form of the disease.
These are not complete data by the number of cases, Dmitry Kobylkin district governor said RIA Novosti. According to him, to establish an accurate diagnosis, you need to thirty days: today only the eighth day.
In 2007, they canceled the obligatory vaccination against infection: scientists did not find a dispute in the soil of Siberian ulcers, said the governor. The situation was extraordinary: the last time the epidemic was in 1941. I had to ask for helping the military: "It was hard to utilize the fallen deer on their own forces until they were decomposed. And they are scattered at a great distance," said Dmitry Kobylkin.
Than dangerous disease
"The Siberian ulcer is rather priest and causes a large number of deaths," said Vladislav Pearchugov, doctor of medical sciences, specialist in particularly dangerous infections. - The disputes of the pathogen are stored in the soil of centuries. An infection that fell into the ground with the dead animals in the days of Alexander Macedon , remains active. " According to the doctor, the outbreaks of the disease occur after the activation of the foci (leaching the dispute on the surface) during the salons, excavations or melting of ice, as in Yamal.
The disease proceeds in different forms: skin, intestinal and lung. The pulmonary form, for example, was in the USA, when envelopes with disputes were sent, is the hardest infection option. Almost one hundred percent fatal outcome without urgent medical intervention: people lose consciousness and die within a few hours after infection.
"Skin shape is easier to cure, because on the path of bacteria there are lymph nodes: they delay the development of the disease. The sign of infection is carbuncules - ulcers with a black tip. The intestinal shape of the Siberian ulcers causes a high temperature, intestinal pain and diarrhea. The period from infection to death can Make up a few hours or days, "said Vladislav Pearls.
Most often infection occurs when eating or cutting meat sick animal. This is a real concern for the Nenets, since the main source of meat for many is Olenina: "Usually we buy one or two carcass for the season," said the local resident Ivan (name changed). - "Now we will not only be able to buy meat, but we will be afraid to buy and fish."
Against vaccinations
Anyone who wants to be hidden against Siberian ulcers: the region delivered ninety thousand doses of the vaccine. However, nomads-reindeers refuse to consider Siberian ulcers with a real threat.
According to local media, a child who died from Siberian ulcers, not only ate-contaminated deer meat, but also drank his blood. "This is the traditional food of northern peoples who live in the tundra and are deprived of food diversity. Fresh blood gives them energy," said Andrei Podlozhov, a veterinarian and a breeder of noble deer.
According to him, nomads are found with civilization twice a year, when they come to hand over the deer on meat, and do not trust "people from the Big Earth". That is why many reindeer herders hide their livestock from recalculation, vaccination and slaughter. Despite the fact that, according to the press service of the governor of the Yamalo-Nenets district, 35 thousand deer managed to vaccinate, nomads continue to hide the animals as much as possible and take them away from meeting with rescuers and military:
"Deer for the peoples of the North is a practically totten animal. The whole life of the reindeer is focused around him. For a nomad, losing a deer - it means to lose everything. This is their bread, a house, transport. No other reindeer breeders do not know how to deal with. Livestock can cut strongly: about three quarters . And it is extremely difficult to restore the population. For the local population it will be a humanitarian catastrophe ",
Stressed Andrei Podlozhov.
Threats to other regions
The causative agent of the Siberian ulcers can penetrate the water and raised from the surface of the soil dust from the region-focus of infection. Despite this, experts note that the likelihood of such an infection is extremely small. In the quarantine zone, doctors recommend drinking bottled water or from underground sources. Yamal authorities also warned the locals that the collection of berries and mushrooms in the forest is now extremely dangerous.
As for other regions of Russia, the most likely carrier of infection could be birds. But those feathers who are now on nesting in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, fly to wintering in Southeast Asia, India and Australia, told RIA Novosti Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor MSU named after M.V. Lomonosova Irina Beeom. According to her, the only precedent, when the birds were hypothetically become the virus carriers, was during the epidemic of bird flu, but this fact could not be prove.
The number of Siberian ulcers hospitalized from the focus of the Siberian ulcers increased from nine to 13 people, mostly children, local authorities report.
"To the Salekhard clinical hospital for additional examination and observation, four more tundra from the Yamal tundra was delivered," the TASS quotes the message of the press service of the governor of the region of Dmitry Kobylkin.
"The medical staff conducts proactive treatment and expects final expert tests from Moscow. In parallel, children are conducted by a preventive examination for other diseases," the department said.
It is noted that representatives of the government of the YNAO and the Department of Health of the district are in constant contact with the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the profile federal departments.
At the moment, more than 20 different specialists work in the center of the hearth, the sanatory duty in the 24-hour mode. "At a distance of 80 km from the spot, six 10-seater tents made of INAO material reserve are already deployed. In a safe place, the helicopters are transported, first of all, women and children. It remains for helping branching and sanitary specialists expressed their intention of some heads of nomadic families - No more than 10 people, "added to the press service.
It is also reported that over Monday vaccine from Siberian ulcers, 500 deer was vaccinated. "For today (experts will work until late night) will be vaccinated 2.5 thousand and tomorrow, July 27 - 1 thousand heads. Vaccination is carried out in the portable coral, which was taken to the territory of the helicopter on the eve," the press service said. In addition, there are places to dispose of the fallen deer.
The outbreak of the Siberian is izvafixed on Yamal for the first time in 75 years. Today, more than 1.5 thousand reindeers died from it. In the Yamal district, Quarantine was introduced, the authorities assure that there is no threat to the population.
According to the preliminary data of the authorities, the cause of deer infection has become an unusually warm summer. During the month, an abnormal heat was held on Yamal - up to 35 degrees above zero. " The tundra exhausted to the manifestation of the source of infection - The remains of the fallen once a long time ago, - the site of the Governor of YanaA. - Deer, in this place, were extremely weakened because of the heat, which contributed to their infection. "
According to Rosselkhoznadzor, sporadic cases of animal disease in the Siberian ulcer are recorded in Russia: two or three dysfunctional diseases of the point and from two to seven sick animals are revealed annually. At the same time, in the period from 2009 to 2014, 40 cases of the diseases of the Siberian ulcers were registered in the country (43% more than in previous five years) in three federal districts: 20 - in North Caucasian, 11 - in Siberian and nine - in southern.
In 2015, three inhabitants of the Balashovsky district of the Saratov region were diagnosed with Siberian ulcers. It turned out that all three participated in the bull ride.
Siberian ulcer - a particularly dangerous infectious disease of agricultural and wild animals of all kinds, as well as a person. The source of infection is wild animals and livestock, from person to man the disease is not transmitted.
Infection occurs in contact path, the incubation period of the disease lasts three to five days. The disease flows lightningry, characterized by hemorrhagic inflammation of the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs.
Governor Yamala Dmitry Kobylkinentered quarantine in the Yamal district. Cause - death of 1 thousand 200 deerreported in the press service of the head of the region.
Last week, from Yamal tundra reported that the reindeer do not cope with an abnormally high temperature. For the weekend, the most severe situation was observed in the Olenevodov-private owners near the factory of Tarco-Sale and in a reindeer breeding brigade, which sits nearby. Today, total losses - 1 thousand 200 deer.
The analysis of the samples taken by the specialists of the working group in animals last week, showed the cause of the death of animals: a part of the case of deer is caused by the disputes of Siberian ulcers. Consisting of members of the government, the administrations of cities working groups went to find out the causes of what happened. Animals were opened, samples were selected for analyzes, tundroviks were examined, the necessary recommendations of reindeer herds were given. According to the results of comprehensive analyzes, experts confirmed: animals died both from heat and from Siberian ulcers.
Specialists emphasize - there are no threats to people, All tundroviks are carefully examined: everyone is healthy. Next to 63 reindeer breeders is a physician. All nomads from this overbirth will relocate for vaccination. The helicopter is already sent to the parking lot.
The likely cause of deer infection, according to experts, is opened due to the heat the place of old death of the patient animal. In this area there are no cattleochilnikov, but, given the viability of the pathogen of the Siberian ulcers, - 100 years or more years, and its resistance to temperature changes - professionals suggest that the deer in search of the feed came across the place of the animal deceased from the Siberian ulcers and then infected each other. Therefore, the local location of this grazing is a deer trail - will be burned with special pests. Traditionally, local residents bypass these areas even after many years.
The bodies of the dead utilize. Healthy deer of the victim's flock will be completed additional vaccination: the serum is ordered and, most likely, today will be delivered from Moscow to Yamal. Fundsfor stripping the place of death of animals will be allocated from the reserve fund budget fund.
The governor of the district demanded to take maximum precautions for the health of specialists and nomads during activities under quarantine. On July 25, the issue was resolved with the provision of people with everything necessary. After determining the damage of reindeer breeders, the issue of compensation will be considered. Specialists of veterinary service, apartments of the agro-industrial complex continue to work in the area, departments of the AGC, ICT. The situation is on constant control.
Note, the last time the outbreak of Siberian ulcers in Yamal was in 1941. In 2015, more than 480 thousand reindeer are vaccinated.
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