During heated discussions about real story of the famous organization of underground fighters “Young Guard”, the figure very often turns out to be in the center of attention Lyuba Shevtsova. Critics of the “canonical” Soviet version of the history of the Krasnodon underground fighters note that it said nothing about the role of the NKVD, in particular, that one of the most famous members of the Young Guard was a professional intelligence officer who underwent special training at an intelligence school. And this, according to a number of historians, should completely change the entire assessment of the activities of the Young Guard.
In fairness it must be said that writer Alexander Fadeev he simply could not know anything about Lyuba Shevtsova’s studies at intelligence school - at the time he wrote his book, this information was classified as “top secret.”
Indeed, in fact, Lyuba Shevtsova was trained for underground activities. However, those who paint her as a super spy are also wrong.
Who really was Lyuba Shevtsova?
“Please accept me into the radio operator school”
Lyuba Shevtsova was born on September 8, 1924 in the village of Izvarino, and three years later her family moved to Krasnodon. Girl, only child in the family, she grew up lively and lively. Lyuba had several hobbies at once - a circle of young people, sports, amateur arts.IN adolescence It turned out that Lyuba had a strong and cocky character - so cocky that she was accepted into the Komsomol much later than her peers.
Lyuba dreamed of becoming an actress, and the girl had good data for this. But in her plans, as in the plans of others Soviet people, the war intervened...
In the first months of the war, Lyuba Shevtsova completed nursing courses and worked in a military hospital in Krasnodon. But the closer the front came, the more Lyuba wanted to get involved in the direct fight against the Nazis.
In the spring of 1942, Komsomol member Shevtsova submitted an application for admission to study at the NKVD intelligence school: “I ask the head of the NKVD to accept me into the school of radio operators, since I want to be a radio operator in our Soviet country, to serve honestly and conscientiously. And upon graduating from this school, I undertake to carry out all tasks behind enemy lines and at the front.”
The application of a 17-year-old girl, dated March 31, 1942, was granted - Lyuba Shvetsova was enrolled to study at the Voroshilovgrad NKVD intelligence school.Three months to prepare
At the first stage of the war, the Soviet Union felt an acute shortage of specialists in various branches of military affairs. In order to somehow overcome the personnel shortage, training programs were reduced to a minimum. Thus, pilots who completed the so-called “crash course” were ironically called “takeoff and landing” by their senior colleagues. Of course, losses among pilots with such training were higher.
The same applies to intelligence officers who were hastily trained to work in occupied territory. The most minimal basics of conspiracy, basic skills in working with a walkie-talkie and codes, accelerated shooting training. Future radio operator Shevtsova also took such a course.
It was up to the well-prepared German counterintelligence to resist. This struggle at the first stage was unequal - the Nazis successfully crushed the Soviet underground, forcing the domestic intelligence services to start all over again.
So, on March 31, 1942, Lyuba Shevtsova wrote an application for admission to study at the NKVD intelligence school, and already on July 9 State Security Lieutenant Bogomolov makes a decision about it future fate: “Shevtsova Lyubov Grigorievna, Grigoriev’s underground nickname, graduated from radio operator courses at a special school with a grade of “good.” Possesses everyone necessary qualities for work in the rear, namely: smart, resourceful, able to get out of a difficult situation. Can be enrolled in a group Kuzmina(the conditional name of the group is “Storm”) for leaving in the city of Voroshilovgrad.”
Calmed "Storm"
But the situation was such that the underground in the territories occupied by the Germans had to be created “from what was available.”
Often, newly minted underground members found themselves morally broken even before they began their activities. This happened with the “Storm” group, whose radio operator was to be Lyuba Shevtsova.
The underground worker, with whom the radio operator was supposed to live, simply kicked Lyuba out of the house after the Germans arrived. The man was not ready for the fight and decided to “sit out.”
Lyuba herself was unable to establish contact with the Center - the transmitter power was not enough for this. The commander of the failed group did not look for other ways to contact the Center, ordering the “pianist” (that’s what intelligence service radio operators were called in the slang of the intelligence services) Shevtsova to leave Voroshilovgrad and stop any active work.
Unlike the men from the reconnaissance group, the 17-year-old girl’s nerves and morale turned out to be strong. Having made several attempts to motivate her manager to begin active work and without success, Lyuba decided to act independently. Having moved to Krasnodon, she got in touch with the Young Guard and joined the organization, becoming its active member.
Reproduction of portraits of underground leaders Komsomol organization"Young guard". In the top row from left to right: Oleg Koshevoy, Philip Petrovich Lyutikov, Ulyana Gromova. IN bottom row from left to right: Sergei Tyulenin, Lyubov Shevtsova, Ivan Zemnukhov. Photo: RIA Novosti
Hunt for the "pianist"
After a series of successful actions by the Young Guards, German counterintelligence began a hunt for them. Lyuba, who turned 18 on September 8, 1942, did not know that she was receiving special attention from Hitler’s special services. The agent “Grigoriev” was betrayed by one of his former classmates at the intelligence school, who, after the arrival of the Germans, hastened to go over to their side.
At the beginning of January 1943, Lyuba Shevtsova was arrested. If the fate of other members of the Young Guard was predetermined, then the Nazis hoped to use Shevtsov for their own purposes. With the help of the radio operator, they intended to organize a so-called “radio game”, transmitting Soviet command disinformation, and also hoping to reveal that part of the Soviet underground that had not been discovered before.
At first they tried to influence Lyuba with promises of benefits, then they turned to threats. But here the girl’s tough character manifested itself - she simply laughed in the eyes of the Germans and did not provide any valuable information. Having failed to achieve their goal with promises and threats, the Nazis turned to torture, which last days Lyuba's life became especially cruel.
“She didn’t say a word about mercy.”
She did not betray anyone, did not provide the Nazis with any information. All the executioners heard from her were curses addressed to them.
Sculptural portrait of the Hero Soviet Union Lyubov Shevtsova. Sculptors V. I. Mukhin, V. I. Agibalov, V. Kh. Fedchenko. Photo: RIA Novosti
On the wall of the cell where Lyuba Shevtsova was kept in the last days, an inscription was later found written by her: “Farewell, mother, your daughter Lyubka is going to damp earth».
On February 9, 1943, Lyuba Shevtsova, along with several other Young Guard members, was shot in the Thunderous Forest.
In 1947, an SS man Drewitz, who personally tortured and shot Young Guards, spoke during interrogation about last minutes life of Lyuba Shevtsova: “Of those executed in the second batch, I remember Shevtsova well. She drew my attention with her appearance. She had a beautiful a slim body, oblong face. Despite her youth, she behaved very courageously. Before the execution, I brought Shevtsova to the edge of the execution pit. She did not utter a word about mercy and calmly, with her head raised, accepted death.”
By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR on September 13, 1943, member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization “Young Guard” Lyubov Grigorievna Shevtsova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lyuba Shevtsova never became an intelligence professional, but she fulfilled her duty to the Motherland to the end.
“Goodbye, mother, your daughter, Lyubka, is leaving for the damp earth,” these were the only words that the legendary 17-year-old scout left as a memory of herself Lyuba Shevtsova, sentenced by the Germans to death. This fearless girl was a participant underground organization "Young guard" and was ready to die, but not hand over her comrades to the invaders. ABOUT difficult fate a real patriot - in our article today.
Lyuba Shevtsova was only one of those who defended the Motherland underground, but her name became a standard of courage and an example for subsequent generations. Why? Her main merit is selfless service to the Motherland, fearlessness, and devotion to the common idea. “Young Guard” is an organization that united more than a hundred young people and operated in 1942-43. on the territory of the city of Krasnodon. Before joining the ranks of the Young Guard, Lyubov was trained at the NKVD intelligence school. IN Soviet years they preferred not to remember this, but it would be wrong to erase this fact from her biography.
The intelligence courses lasted 3 months and followed an accelerated program. During this time, it was possible to only learn the basics of conspiracy theories and undergo shooting training. Lyubov chose the profession of a radio operator; radio operators at that time, in secret, were called “pianists.” After enrolling in the group, she was supposed to begin fulfilling her duties, but the unexpected happened: Lyubov was given a house where she could live, but the owner of the home got cold feet at the last moment and kicked the underground woman out to fend for herself. All attempts to contact the headquarters were unsuccessful, technical capabilities the equipment did not allow this. Shevtsova was ordered to hide, but the girl was not timid and got in touch with the Young Guard.
Members of the underground youth organization held more than one successful operation, this was inevitably followed by exposure from the Germans. At first, Shevtsova was offered cooperation, then they threatened her, then they demanded that she hand over her accomplices. The girl remained true to her convictions and did not betray anyone even under torture. Shevtsova was sentenced to death. Such was the fate of this heroic girl. Soon after her death, by decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Shevtsova was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.
Shevtsova Lubov Shevtsova Career: Hero
Birth: Russia, 8.9.1924
Tell everyone that I love life. Soviet youth have more than one spring ahead, and more than one Golden autumn. It will still be clean and peaceful blue sky and light Moonlight night, it will still be very good on our dear and close, beloved by all of us Soviet Motherland.
Lyubov Grigorievna Shevtsova was born on September 8, 1924 in the village of Izvarino, Krasnodon region. In 1927, the Shevtsov family moved to the town of Krasnodon.
She studied at school 4 named after K. E. Voroshilov. Since childhood, Lyuba was distinguished by a lively and cheerful character, all the way she was first in sports competitions, in amateur performances and in the youth club. Flowers planted by Lyubasha grew in the school garden and in the Shevtsovs’ yard. Many Krasnodon residents still remember her ringing sound, which sounded in the club named after A. M. Gorky, at the field camps of collective farms and in elegant mines. Lyuba dreamed of becoming an artist, but the battle began.
In February 1942, in front-line Krasnodon, Lyuba Shevtsova joined the ranks of the Komsomol, and in April, on the recommendation of the Krasnodon district Komsomol committee, she became a cadet at the Voroshilovgrad school for training partisans and underground fighters, and received the profession of a radio operator in this place. The instructors who led her training noted that she had the fighting qualities of an underground fighter. At the end of school, Shevtsova swore an oath of allegiance to the Motherland: “I, the scarlet partisan Shevtsova Lyubov Grigorievna, take a partisan oath before my comrades, the red partisans, our heroic Red Army and all the Soviet people, that I will... by all means help the Red Army destroy the rabid Hitler's dogs, not sparing their blood and their lives..."
After finishing school, in the summer of 1942, Shevtsova was left as a liaison officer in one of the underground groups operating in occupied Voroshilovgrad. Her duties included providing the Center with intelligence collected by the underground.
In mid-August, as a result of the failure of a safe house of one of the members of the underground group, the threat of Shevtsova’s arrest arose. After unsuccessful attempts to establish contact with the group leader, Lyuba was forced to move to Krasnodon. Here he establishes contact with the youth underground, becomes an active participant in the Young Guard organization, and then a member of its headquarters.
L. Shevtsova distributed leaflets, conducted reconnaissance, and obtained medicines. Together with Sergei Tyulenin and Viktor Lukyanchenko, she participated in the arson of the labor exchange in December. The brave operation of the Young Guard saved a number of two thousand young men and women of the Krasnodon region from being deported to Germany.
On instructions from the headquarters, Lyuba repeatedly traveled to Voroshilovgrad, Kamensk and others settlements, communicating with the partisans.
On January 8, 1943, Lyuba Shevtsova was arrested by Krasnodon police. The Nazis had been looking for her for a long time as a Soviet radio operator, and therefore, trying to learn codes and secrets from her, they tortured the brave underground woman especially long-term and cruelly. But they achieved nothing. On January 31, Lyuba Shevtsova, together with Dmitry Ogurtsov, Semyon Ostapenko and Viktor Subbotin, was taken under heavy escort to the Rovenkovo district gendarmerie. After torture and abuse, she was shot in the Thundering Forest on February 9. Lyuba walked to her execution with her head arrogantly raised. Before her death, she released words that sound like a testament to the survivors: “Tell everyone that I love existence. Soviet youth have more than one spring and more than one golden autumn ahead. There will still be a clean, peaceful blue sky and a bright moonlit dark time days, there will still be much that is needed in our dear and close, beloved Soviet Motherland by all of us.” Lyubov Shevtsova was buried in the mass grave of victims of fascism in the center of the city of Rovenki in the park named after the Young Guard.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 13, 1943, Lyubov Grigorievna Shevtsova, a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Also read biographies famous people:
Lubov Zakharchenko
I was born in the city of Rostov-on-Don, but I have been living in Moscow for seven years. I really miss my mother, friends, southern colors, fruits, vegetables, smells and always...
Lubov Uspenskaya
The owner of the restaurant, Sadko, turned out to be the most efficient. While his competitors greeted me, he put the Armenian star in a car and took me to Brooklyn...
Lubov Tolkalina
Lyubov Tolkalina - Russian actress theater and cinema. Born on February 16, 1978. A very famous Russian actress born in 1978. works in..
Lubomir Kantonistov Lubomir Kantonistov
Muscovite Lyubomir Kantonistov, playing for Krasnodar Kuban, at the age of 26, was invited to the main Russian national team for the first time on the eve of its away matches with..
Lyuba was born in September 1924 at the Izvarinsky mine, where her father Grigory Ilyich worked as a miner at that time. Three years later, our family moved to Krasnodon.
In 1933 Lyuba went to school. She was a fighting and cheerful girl, one of the first in physical education lessons and sports competitions, on Sundays, on the collective farm and at the mine, at planting a city park and in biology classes. Once Lyuba planted the most trees of all, and she was given three young maples as a reward. She planted two trees under the windows of her house, and gave the third to her neighbor. The maples planted by Luba have already become large and spreading trees. On hot days summer days Grigory Ilyich and I are relaxing in their shade.
Schoolchildren often went to collective and state farms to help harvest the crops. Lyuba brought armfuls of fragrant wildflowers from there, selected the best, most beautiful ones, dried them, and then took pictures from them for embroidery. We still keep the runners and napkins embroidered by Lyuba under the guidance of her grandmother, a good craftswoman and needlewoman.
Our little family stayed up late for long winter evenings. Lyuba often asked her father to tell him about how he was a partisan.
Grigory Ilyich had something to tell. From 1915 to 1917 he spent time at the front in the trenches of the First World War. In 1917, he voluntarily joined the Red Guard, the First Samara Regiment. For about four years, Grigory Ilyich fought on the fronts of the civil war against numerous enemies of the young Soviet Republic. When he was near Tsaritsyn, we met him and got married.
Our Lyuba was brave. She sang well, knew many Russian folk and Soviet songs, especially about the revolution and civil war, played the guitar.
I have never seen her angry in my life. All with a smile, a joke, and a dance! Together with her friends, Lyuba enthusiastically participated in the school’s amateur arts group and attended the ballet studio at the Lenin Club. The performances of the propaganda team with the participation of Nina Minaeva, Seryozha Tyulenin and Lyuba were popular great success from schoolchildren of a sponsored collective farm.
Lyuba dreamed of becoming an artist. I sent a request to the Rostov Theater College. They told her to send her documents.
Best of the day
In February 1942, she joined the Komsomol, and in April she went to study with Shura Panchenko (1). She wrote to me that she was studying for a paramedic course. And only much later, after her death, I learned that she studied at a partisan school together with Volodya Zagoruiko, Seryozha and Vasya Levashov.
About a week after the Germans occupied Krasnodon, Lyuba came home. She was called to the police.
Well? - I asked when she returned.
“I got rid of it,” Lyuba answered. - She said that she studied and then worked in one of the military hospitals. When the Red Army began to retreat, we were sent home, so I came to Krasnodon.
Then Lyuba’s comrades often began to come to us: Seryozha Tyulenin, Zhenya Moshkov, Tolya Popov, Vanya Turkenich, Vanya Zemnukhov, Viktor Tretyakevich. They played, sang and danced as they rehearsed for performances at the club where they had taken jobs to escape deportation to Germany.
Sometimes Lyuba was not at home for several days. When she arrived, she said that she had been to Millerovo and other places. What she was doing there, I don’t know. But before the trip, she always dressed well and took a small suitcase with her. One day she went with her relative. When meeting with the Germans, Lyuba identified herself as the daughter of a breeder, and introduced her companion as a servant. This woman is still alive and often laughs, remembering the unusual journey in the officer’s car.
I didn’t know at that time that Lyuba had been left to work underground, that she had a walkie-talkie hidden in Voroshilovgrad. It didn’t occur to me that she was a liaison officer of the underground organization and an intelligence officer, that she, as one of the most active Komsomol members, was elected to the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization “Young Guard”. Even now I am surprised how much endurance and willpower it took my cheerful and sociable daughter not to tell her mother about this. If necessary, she knew how to remain silent.
When the arrests of her friends began, Lyuba said that she could not leave her comrades in trouble, quickly got ready and left for Voroshilovgrad. As I now understand, she wanted to once again try to contact the Red Army command by radio to ask for help for the Young Guard, which was in trouble. She was arrested.
Then the Germans and police came to us and brought Lyuba with them. While changing behind the closet, she managed to whisper to me: “Burn what’s in the suitcase...” They took her away, and I went straight behind the suitcase. I opened it and there were stacks of paper tied with twine. She quickly threw them into the oven... Before everything had time to burn, the police knocked again. They did a search, but found nothing. They didn’t think to look into the oven - there was still a bundle of paper smoldering there. It later turned out that the suitcase belonged to Zhora Harutyunyants; it contained ready-made leaflets.
08.09.1924 - 09.02.1943
Hero of the Soviet Union
| Decree dates | |
| 1. | 13.09.1943 |
| Monuments | |
| Annotation board in Sumy | ||
| Bust in Lugansk | ||
| Bust in Rovenki (1) | ||
| Bust in Rovenki (2) | ||
| Tombstone |
Sh Evtsova Lyubov Grigorievna - member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard".
She was born on September 8, 1924 in the village of Izvarino (now an urban village in the Lugansk region of Ukraine) in a working-class family. Russian. She graduated from 7 classes of Krasnodon school No. 4.
During the Great Patriotic War, in July 1942, after completing the courses for radio operators L.G. Shevtsova was sent to work underground in the city of Voroshilovgrad (now Lugansk). Since August 1942, she has been a participant and member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization in the city of Krasnodon “Young Guard”. She distributed leaflets, organized escapes of prisoners of war from camps and transported them across the front line, and transmitted messages to the headquarters of the partisan movement.
On January 8, 1943, she was arrested by the Nazis in Voroshilovgrad, and after severe torture, on February 9, 1943, she was shot in the forest on the outskirts of the city of Rovenki, Voroshilovgrad (now Lugansk) region. She was buried in the mass grave of victims of fascism in the city of Rovenki.
U Kazarov of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 13, 1943 Shevtsova Lyubov Grigorievna awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).
She was awarded the Order of Lenin (09.13.1943, posthumously) and a medal.
In the name of L.G. Shevtsova named pioneer detachments, squads, streets, and ships. In a number of cities, monuments were erected to her and memorial plaques were installed. Opened at the site of her death memorial Complex Glory. A bust was erected in the park named after the Young Guard in Lugansk. She was forever included in the lists of many labor collectives of the USSR.
IMMORTALITY
“I, joining the ranks of the Young Guard, in the face of my friends in arms, in the face of my native, long-suffering land, in the face of all the people, solemnly swear:
Unquestioningly carry out any task given to me by a senior comrade,
To keep everything related to my work in the Young Guard in the deepest secrecy.
I swear to take revenge mercilessly for the burned, devastated cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of thirty heroic miners. And if this revenge requires my life, I will give it without a moment’s hesitation.
If I break this sacred oath under torture or because of cowardice, then may my name and my family be cursed forever.
Blood for blood! Death for death!"
This oath of allegiance to the Motherland and the fight until the last breath for its liberation from the Nazi invaders was given by members of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" in the city of Krasnodon, Voroshilovgrad region. They gave it in the fall of 1942, standing opposite each other in a small mountain, when a piercing autumn wind howled over the enslaved and devastated land of Donbass. The small town lay hidden in the darkness, the fascists stood in the miners' houses...
The "Young Guard" distributes leaflets in hundreds and thousands - at bazaars, in cinemas, in clubs. Leaflets are found on the police building, even in the pockets of police officers.
In underground conditions, new members are admitted into the ranks of the Komsomol, temporary certificates are issued, membership fee. As Soviet troops approach, an armed uprising is being prepared and weapons are being obtained in a variety of ways.
At the same time, strike groups carry out acts of sabotage and terrorism.
On the night of November 7–8, Ivan Turkenich’s group hanged two policemen.
On November 9, Anatoly Popov’s group on the Gundorovka-Gerasimovka road destroys a passenger car with three senior Nazi officers.
On November 15, Viktor Petrov’s group liberates from concentration camp in the village of Volchansk there are 75 soldiers and commanders of the Red Army.
In early December, Moshkov’s group burned three cars on the Krasnodon-Sverdlovsk road...
A few days after this operation, Tyulenin’s group carried out an armed attack on the Krasnodon-Rovenki road against the guards, who were driving 500 head of cattle taken from the residents. Destroys the guards, scatters the cattle across the steppe.
Members of the “Young Guard”, who, on instructions from the headquarters, settled in occupation institutions and enterprises, are slowing down their work with skillful maneuvers. Sergei Levashov, working as a driver in a garage, disables three cars one after another, Yuri Vitsenovsky causes several accidents at the mine.
On the night of December 5-6, a brave trio of Young Guards - Lyuba Shevtsova, Sergei Tyulenin and Viktor Lukyanchenko - carry out a brilliant operation to set fire to the labor exchange. By destroying the exchange with all the documents, the Young Guards saved several thousand Soviet people from being deported to Nazi Germany.
On the night of November 6-7, members of the organization hang on the buildings of the school, the former district consumer union. hospitals and in fact high tree city park red flags... “When I saw the flag on the school,” says M.A. Litvinova, a resident of the city of Krasnodon, “involuntary joy and pride overwhelmed me. I woke up the children and quickly ran across the road to Mukhina. I found her standing in the lower linen on the windowsill, tears crawled in streams down her thin cheeks. She said: “Marya Alekseevna, this was done for us, Soviet people. We are remembered, we are not forgotten."
The organization was discovered by the police...
Members of the Young Guard were subjected to terrible torture. But they survived, revealing such a height of spiritual beauty that it will inspire many, many more generations.
The head of the organization was Oleg Koshevoy. Despite his youth, he turned out to be an excellent organizer. Dreaminess was combined in him with exceptional practicality and efficiency. Tall, broad-shouldered, he radiated strength and health, and more than once he himself took part in bold forays against the enemy. Being arrested, he infuriated the Gestapo with his unshakable contempt for them. Perseverance and will did not leave him. After each interrogation, gray strands appeared in his stripes. He went to execution completely gray-haired.
Having kept their oath to the end, most of the members of the Young Guard organization died, only a few people remained alive. They walked to their execution with Vladimir Ilyich Lenin’s favorite song, “Tortured by Heavy Captivity.”
The “Young Guard” is not a single, exceptional phenomenon in the territory captured by the fascist occupiers. A proud Soviet man is fighting everywhere. And although the members of the militant organization “Young Guard” died in the struggle, they are immortal, because their spiritual traits are the traits of the new Soviet man, the traits of the people of the country of socialism...
The city of Krasnodon was liberated Soviet troops February 14, 1943. Alexander Fadeev wrote an essay about the Young Guards hot on the heels of events, when not everything about their activities was known. Later, in the novel “The Young Guard,” A. Fadeev revealed in detail the circumstances of the work and death of the Young Guard.
An underground party organization led by the district party committee operated in Krasnodon. The secretary of the district committee was Philip Petrovich Lyutikov, a participant in the October armed uprising. As part of Ukrainian partisans and in units Soviet army he fought against the White Guard gangs of Denikin in Ukraine, in 1924, at Lenin’s call, he joined the ranks Communist Party, a year later he was one of the first in Ukraine to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and awarded the title of Hero of Labor. For many years F.P. Lyutikov was in leadership positions in Donbass.
The underground district committee of the party led the entire struggle against the occupiers in the city and region, including the activities of the Young Guards, made it organized, taught young patriots purposefulness and strict secrecy in their work.
The homeland highly appreciated heroic feat young patriots.
Loading...
