The Red Book of the Perm Territory is a special document, which is a list of living organisms encountered in and on the verge of disappearance, or with reduced numbers. She saw the light in 2008, and before that, in 2007, the Government Decree of this Region was published, in which a list of living organisms in need of special protection was recorded.
Animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory are divided into several categories: on the verge of extinction, the number of which falls, and rare organisms. Also adding to the document is a list of organisms living in the territory of the region, but those members of the Russian Red Book.
Consider what animals are made to the Red Book, we list those threat of extinction of which is very large.
Crustaceans and spiders
The first inhabitant of the caves of the Perm Territory is its endemic, i.e. It is found only in this territory. Klegoniks Khlebnikov is deprived of eyes and immune to light, the color ranges it from dirty white to dairy. He named so in honor of the guide, the keeper of the cave. This wool floats sideways, it is adapted to cold water caves. Maximum temperature acceptable for it +5 degrees. Among the Perm Territory, Krantikov Khlebnikov has one of the most disturbing indexes - disappearing. For researchers, the body is interesting for its unique adaptability to life in the cave lake.
Tarantul South Russian is a very large representative of his species, preferring to settle in steppe and forest-steppe plantings.
As for the Perm Territory, here it lives only in the south of the Spasskaya Mountain. This insect lives in earthen badges, dug in dry ground. The bottom will rip the cobweb. The main factors affecting the reduction in the number (in the Red Book, it is marked as rare), - change in the level of groundwater (flooding holes), also pulling out the locations of these insects.
Alopecosis Kungurskaya - another endemic of the Perm Earth. Meetings with this small spruce are very rare, so it is not studied enough. Very little is known about him: it is a small spider size, not a web. Detected in 1996.
Fish
In the Perm region, there were no time for the fish brought into the Red Book of Russia: Belopery Pescar, Beluga, Volga herring, there are those that are in the status of rare, for example, an ordinary sub-brand.
However, there are also others whose population is reduced, for example, this large fish of the salmon family feels perfectly in cool water, prefers rapid flows. It does not go to the sea - it dwells only in fresh water. Tymen is very sensitive to water purity, which is why he is a rare guest not only in the rivers of the Perm Territory, but also in many others. The fish very much resembles a pike, distinction - red and body covered with specks.
Another fish, the number of which is reduced, is Russian fasting. It is very similar to the bleach, only the body shape is more like a roach. Prefers the river with the rest of the unprecedented, calm. In the Perm region, the area is limited by three areas. This factor and the small life expectancy of the fast woman was at risk.
Sazan is another unique for the Perm region of fish. Her exclusivity is that the status disappearing to it is only in the region. In all other sazan they catch without restrictions. On the Perm Earth, the main limiting factor is the water drop in reservoirs. Sazan cannot quickly adapt to such conditions and freezes in winter. Water pollution and low-daily decreases also take place.
Amphibian and reptiles
Animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory need protection and security. Among the amphibians and reptiles can be called an ordinary garlic and an ordinary Medica.
The first is an adversant reptile (frog) with different eye structures. Pupil is located vertically. Interest causes the color of this frog: a gray brown back with the right spotted pattern. An explanation of the small number of populations is pollution of water bodies, their drainage, construction on the shores of all sorts of objects.
They know because of the characteristic shade, which hesitates from yellow to red, on this background along the entire ridge there are rows of spots. This snake does not differ in large dimensions - a maximum of 70 cm long. Presbysed heat-lobby, prefers to settle under the stones, on well-hot forest areas. The population of Medicaans in the Perm region studied little, but it is obvious that it is very small. The whole thing is in the economic activity of a person who destroys the habitat of the snake.
Birds
Animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory are also birds. We will analyze only those who are labeled the status on the verge of extinction.
Swan Clikun is a very large bird. Received its name for the characteristic cry during the flight. It is very easy to confuse with a relative-winged-winged, however, the latter has a characteristic thief on the beak. It dwells exclusively in the deaf, hard-to-reach areas of the region. The main factor affecting the number of population is the extermination by man.
Berkut - another very number is catastrophically reduced. This large eagle of golden-chestnut color is under a constant sight of poachers, the cutting of forests is also played in reducing individuals, where the individuals will nest. These birds are often dying from cappos.
Sapsans are another animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory. These prideous walkers suffer from the destruction of the landscape, they will settle on the rocks. In different years, only 13-15 pairs of these individuals lived in this area.
Mammals
Mammals of animals, listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory, is a dullness, European mink and an ush.
The first is a small animal, which can be determined by a long nose similar to a trunk. Lives in standing water, on the shores the moor roots. The main reason for disappearance is the destruction of habitats.
Among the animals of the Perm Territory can be found and predators. European mink is a small animal living in mink rodents on the shores of reservoirs. Since the animal has a high-quality fur, the population declined very much. It is also of great importance on the shores of water bodies (pollution, construction, drainage).
The Perm region occupies the Western slopes of the Middle and Northern Urals, where there are two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. At the same time, 99.9% of the region is in Europe, and only 0.2% of its territory is located in Asia. The region has very winding boundaries with a total length of over 2.2 thousand kilometers. In the north with the Perm Territory, the Republic of Komi is bordered, in the West with him the Kirov region and Udmurtia, in the south - Bashkiria, and in the East - Sverdlovsk region. A comi-Permsky district also stays in the Perm Territory.
Flora World of Perm Territory
More than two thirds of the territory of the Perm Territory covers forests. The forest is the main wealth of the Perm region. Almost the entire region is located in the zone of the dark taiga. At the same time, two zones can be distinguished in it: medium and southern taiga. The forest in the middle and south taiga differs in the composition of the undergrowth growing in it. Thus, the distinguishing feature of South Taiga is the trees of broad rocks: linden, elms and maples. In middle taiga, they do not grow, and the lipa can be found exclusively in the form of shrubs. The main composition of the stand in the dark forests form fir and fir. Spruce is found here two species: Siberian and European. Both types are valued equally high. Approximately 80% of darkened forests are under the spruce, the remaining 20% \u200b\u200boccupy fir forests. Significantly less often in the Perm Territory there are light-diving forests, most often - sine.
In the south, you can see small sections of large forests, such as oak groves. Once oak here occupied more extensive northern territories, but gradually was ousted with fir. Also in the Perm Territory, cedar pines can be found, juniper, several types of birches (fluffy, wart, dreamed), occasionally steppe cherry, rowan, cherryuh or aspen. Sometimes larch is found.
Forests of the region are rich in berries: strawberries, blueberries, blueberries, red and black currant, rowan, rosehip are kept here.
There are a large amount of herbaceous plants on sudodolas and filler meadows of the Perm Territory. In the upper reaches, the swamps are often found cranberries. In the Red Book of the Perm Territory, over sixty species of plants are listed, among which you need to mention the sandy, kirkazon ordinary, Palchatornic spotted, Shatter squat, etc. On the territory of the region also grow endemic and relict plants that can be seen only in the zones of boundary reserves.
Animal World of Perm Territory
The fauna of the Perm Territory includes sixty-two types of mammals, two hundred seventy species of birds, forty-two kinds of fish, six types of reptiles and nine - amphibians. The bulk of the fauna has European origins, but Siberian species are found.
Among the small predators in the Perm Territory lives a forest cuckit. For the number of curtain, this region is at one of the first places in Russia. Also from Kunich are widely represented in the Perm forests of caressing, columns and ermine. The southern and central regions were chosen to accommodate the badger and the otter, in the northern - there are wolverines. In the northeast, the slopes of the Vishera Mountains there is a major Ural Sable. In all forests, proteins come across everywhere. In places where deciduous shrubs and trees grow, hare-white.
On the entire Perm region, besides the most southern regions, rins and bears can meet, but their number is small. Everywhere you can meet the wolf here. In places where forests are interspersed with fields, foxes often come across. Most of the guinestile, as well as a number of other animals living in the region, are commercial species. However, it is hunting for a sable, a cunita, a otter or moose, only by receiving a special hunting license.
Under the protection of the Perm region there are northern deers and roebles, the hunt for these animals is strictly prohibited. On the forest edges and armor of the Kama region live moose. During minor winters, the deer will be raised from the territory of the Republic of Komi, the deer penetrates the territory of the Sverdlovsk region in Eastern regions. Recently, beavers and ondatras began to appear in the region. From the Udmurtia, raccoon dogs and Ussuri raccons penetrate into the territory of the Perm region.
Among the two hundred species of birds in the Perm region is most often found to the woodguard, the tetrayev, a ripple, various types of chests and blue. In winter, there are a lot of chute and bullfire. Among the migratory, most often you can see the squorters, drokes, rules and swallows. There are organizes and haircuts. In the northern edges, geese and swans fly through the territory of the edge. It is extremely rarely lucky to see a black stork here. Among the predatory birds, eagles, owls, crows and forties are widespread. The main fishing birds in the Perm Territory are Ryabchiki, Glukhari and Tether.
In rivers, lakes and styrices of the Perm region, there are over thirty species of fish, among which Nalim, Halts, Gollyan, Harius, and also inhabited by the Kama River pool - Taimen.
Climate in Perm Territory
The beginning of winter in the Perm Territory comes, as a rule, in November, when snow falls. Winter here is quite long (from 170 to 190 days a year). Snow lies until April, and in the northern part of the region until May. The thickness of the snow cover in March reaches ninety centimeters in the north and seventy centimeters in the south. The average temperature in January is minus 17 degrees Celsius. Winters are often harsh, cold and windy. The absolute minimum in the north can reach -53 degrees Celsius.
But summer in the Kama region is quite warm. The warmest month is here - July. The average air temperature in the Perm Territory at this time of the year can reach from + 15 to +18.5 degrees Celsius. The unconditional maximum is +38 degrees. The bathing season lasts from 30 days (in the north) to 100 days (in the south) of the Perm Territory.
Perm region is known for its pristine nature, with many lakes, rivers, valley of waterfalls and bizarre caves with mountain ridges and numerous frosting. Most of the territory is protected, many species of animals and herbs are listed in the Red Book Perm.
The territorially Perm region occupies the western slope of the northern part of the Ural Mountains and the eastern edge of the Russian plain. The extreme point of the edge from the north is the mountain elevation of Saklaimsori Syl, and from the south is a small village of Ylannik, belonging to the October District.
Weather conditions in the area are comfortable, in the summer, the highest temperature is considered + 20-30 degrees, and in winter until - 20. Thunderstorms and fogs are often noted on the territory of the Perm region.
Animals
In this area, both herbivores and predators are found in this, total more than sixty mammals. These include:
Predators
Brown bear
Brown bear prefers taiga. In the northern regime of the Perm Territory, it can be found much more often than on other sites. Its number does not exceed 7 thousand individuals
Wolverine
Wolverine refers to one of the strongest predators, a very ferocious appearance. She prefers to settle in burmores and in dense terrain. There are no more than 150 representatives.
Wolf
The wolf is listed in the pet family, loves an open area and avoids thick forest belts.
Lynx
Lynx belongs to the Feline family, a dangerous and fast predator, it is found in the deaf, where there is a large number of scrons, allowing to remain in ambush unnoticed for a long time.
Badger
Badger is found in the southern part of the forests near the reservoir.
Sanding
Lescent is a representative of the family of fox. Habitat Tundra and Forestry Zone ().
Otter
Otter River This representative of the kind of otter is found in shallow rivers with a good course, which does not make it possible to freeze water in the winter.
Fox ordinary
Mink
Mink is represented by two varieties, European and American.
Sable
Sable, you can face in cedar forests, refers to representatives of the kind of cunits.
Mannial animals
Elk
Moose - belong to the family of deer, in the summer period for them are preferred are, in the winter, young thumps. They do not depart away from the quiet lakes of rivers or swamps.
Reindeer
The reindeer is found in the mountain terrain of the tundra, in the coniferous taiga. These animals do not like dense forests.
Siberian roe
The Siberian Koslya refers to the family of deer, it prefers and, most often it can be found on the edge or meadow with high grass, shrubs.
The hunt for the root and deer is strictly prohibited, they are made to the Red Book. But on Lynx and Wolverine, it is not forgotten to hunt, but on the contrary, it is encouraged, as they cause harm to local livelihood.
Boar
The boar is an omnivorous animal, does not go far from water bodies or swampy terrain;
Taped
Zayak-Belyak and hare-rusak.
Hare-white
Zayats-Rusak
It is found in focus places, in the booming of shrubs or in high grass.
Insectivores
Insectivorous animals are represented by individuals as a hedgehog, exhaust, burozob. They are placed near the reservoirs, closer to their diet, they can be found in thick vegetation with high humidity.
Muskrat
Barozubka.
Manochable
A manochable includes such varieties: brown Ushan, nightwaters and a redhead evening evening. They can be found on the outskirts of the forest, along the banks of the rivers and lakes, in areas with mountain hills.
Brown Ushman
Night Waterman
Organizer redhead
Rodents
The rodent squad occurs throughout the territory, it includes: Boba river, Siberian bug, ordinary protein; Flying ordinary, ondatra, Gray rat, Hamster ordinary and others.
River Bob
Siberian Burunduk
Ordinary protein
Flying ordinary
Muskrat
Rat gray
Hamster ordinary
Here are engaged in breeding beavers, sands, mink for sewing fur products that are in great demand not only among Russian citizens, but also in the inhabitants of foreign countries.
Fish
In the Perm region there are more than 40 representatives of the species of fish, they prefer to catch: Goluba, Yersh, bream, perch, catfish, pike perch, pike and yazy.
Perch
Zander
Pike
Of the reptiles there are lizards, snakes, turtles, amphibians. Going on a journey should be ready to meet with violence, it meets everywhere, prefers places near reservoirs and swamps.
Birds
Representatives of feathers include two varieties, the first - birds who choose shrubs and forest borrowings with their habitat. These include: Raven Gray, Gluhahar, Drozda, Dubrovnik, Wooden and Black, Forest, Oatmeal, Rustic Swallow, Sinitsa, Ryabik, Chibis, and Töterov, Cuckoo and Rubber Yolotogol.
Hoodie
Cereal
Thrush
Dubrovnik
Woodpecker Pepling
Black mantel
Forest wrestling
Oatmeal
Rustic swallow
Tit
Grouse
Lapwing
Tether
Cuckoo
Yellow-hastily king
And the second appearance is those who settle in water or near the water bodies, namely Bekas, Dupel, Mallard, Cricket River, Chernysh and others. In total there are more than 250 species of birds, of which about 50 are hunting.
Snipe
Great snipe
Cricket River
Chernysh
37 species fall into the Red Book, of which the most representative referred to: Berkut, Swan-Krikun, Sapsana, Mogilnik, Serious Partrip, Black Stork.
Golden eagle
Swan-Clikun
Sapsan
Moginal
Gray partridge
Black stork
Before leaving the hunt, you should read more detailed with birds included in the register forbidden to shoot.
Plants
In the Perm Territory, 70% of the territory occupy Taiga forests, which consist of:
Elutes, she is the main representative of the dark taiga, has a direct barrel, whose height reaches 60 meters. Its needles are short and rigid, saturated with essential oils. Spruce grows very slowly, to his thirty years can reach 30 meters.
Fir
Fir - their straight trunk, thyough needles with a conical crown. Representatives of this species relate to long-livers, the average period of life is 250 years. Her needles are softer than the ate and a little longer. Oil is extracted from it, and wood is used for the manufacture of souvenirs.
Cedar
Cedar refers to the genus of pines, the lifespan reaches 700 years, its thickness can be two meters. Well known for its delicious seeds - cedar nuts.
Pine
Pine is the most unpretentious tree with valuable wood. Its needles has two bundles, used as raw materials in the chemical industry.
Deciduous trees
On the southern part of the region, the number of deciduous trees, such as:
Oak can reach up to 15 meters in height and more than 10 meters in diameter, it is not very common.
Linden fragrant
Linden fragrant grows in the southern part, it is rare. Its wood is well handled due to softness and is used in the construction industry. From its leaves and flowers produce medicinal compounds.
Rowan
Rowan is growing in a taiga, it is used for the manufacture of joinery, and berries in folk medicine.
Alder
Alder - Wood-shrub refers to the birch family. It blooms in summer and prefers areas with high humidity.
Birch
Birch is quite common and used for the construction of boat and the manufacture of birch juice.
Poisonous plants
In the forests there are both edible berries, mushrooms and herbs and poisonous.
Henbane
Belen - refers to a poisonous plant, has a durable property. It grows on wastelands, in the ditch. Her inflorescences are yellow with a black or purple middle. It blooms all summer, after which berries are formed - boxes, the leaves are like sorrel. All parts of the plant is poisonous, even with heat treatment.
Voroniye eyes
Voroniye eyes, received its name due to the appearance of the fetus: Iscin-black berry with the framing of small leaves resembling the eye of the crow. In small quantities, used in medicine, has a soothing, healing, anti-inflammatory effect.
- This is a long-term poisonous shrub, its height reaches one meter. This is the only shrub that blooms before the appearance of leaves. His flowers are pink, resemble lilac, the leaves resemble the shape of the egg, berries are light-red. When poisoning, disorders are observed in the work of the stomach with redness and blisters on the skin.
Before you go to the tourist campaign, it is necessary to explore in detail poisonous plants, berries and twin mushrooms that grow in the Perm Territory.
Perm region - edge of amazing nature, taiga forests, picturesque mountains, gorges, caves, quick rivers and clean lakes. Here is a stunning diversity of the country's landscape, a considerable amount of rare plants and animals. The nature of the Perm Territory, the original culture of the region attracted travelers since ancient times.
A bit of history
Prior to the early 18th century, the region, which included extensive lands from the origins of Kama to the Ural Range in the West and East and from the headors in the north to the Chusovaya River in the north and south, was called Perm Great.
The first who showed interest in this great earth was Novgorod merchants. In the XIV century, they had rivals, the Moscow principality began to encroach on this edge. After the major military campaign of Prince Ivan III in 1472, Perm Great became the first territory in the Urals, which forever became part of the Russian state. The rapid development of the Perm Territory is noted from this important historical event. More Russian settlements appear. The development of new lands was noticeably activated by the middle of the XVI century, when merchants and industrialists of Stroganov are settled.
A variety of natural wealth and nature of the Perm Territory attracted
new settlers. This is today one of the largest industrial regions of Russia with a multifaceted cultural heritage and stunning natural objects.
At the junction of Europe and Asia
The region, which is at the junction of two parts of the world, practically covers the fifth of the Ural Economic District. The location of its territory in the pool of Kama, provides him through a special channel system access to the five seas - the White, Baltic, Caspian, Black and Azov.
Uniqueness of the region
Despite the urbanization, in Perm Great and today there is a breath of antiquity. Predictive traces of the great resettlement of peoples, the legacy of the ancient Russian architecture, the mountainous-water civilization, legends and legends, nature and animal world are enclosed in a single whole.
Perm region has a huge potential for various types of tourism
regardless of the time of year. This is a lot of and the geographical position of the region contributed. People attracts a variety of landscapes, an interesting story, and, of course, unique monuments that the nature of the Perm Territory has created. The photo of unique landscapes, interesting and mysterious places do not cease to climb their extraordinary beauty.
On the territory of the region there are 325 specially protected natural objects,
under special protection. This is historical and natural complexes, nature monuments and others. Of these, two territories are distinguished, which are natural reserves of federal significance. This is "Vishersky" and "Basgi".
The most valuable monuments of the nature of the Perm Territory are presented in the Cherdynsky district. A lot of them and in the Most Bolshestsky, Solikamsky, Chusovsky, Krasnovishevsky districts.
Natural Monuments and Natural Territories of Regional Region
divide into the following types:
- landscape (cliffs of white moss, wind and talking stone, stone city),
- geological (Ordinsk and Gubakhinskaya caves),
- hydrological (Ermakov Spring),
- zoological and botanical (Zyukai opening, Vesla boron-binary),
- historical and natural complexes (Kungurskaya Cave, County and Kuvinsky Bors).
Stone city
One of the most popular and unique natural monuments is recognized as a stone city. The unusual beauty of the sister of the ancient Ural ridge, known as the Rudyansky SPIA, can be seen near the towns of Shumikhinsky and Wawai. The ridge is similar to an elongated comb length about 19 km. One of his peaks is a stone city. This name was given to tourists. For locals, this is a turtle. Stone city is often also called damn fortification.
The bizarre rocks of nature monument of nature formed a whole string of corridors and tiers on an elevation in the middle of the forest. They create
the impression of the city: narrow streets and wide avenues, deadlocks. According to one of the versions, they were cut into one of the ancient rivers. And one of the numerous legends states that once it was a wonderful city, the stunning beauty of which could not see only the blind daughter of the king. Once the evil sorcerer suggested healing the princess. The king agreed, but at that moment when vision returned to her, the city turned into a stone.
The monuments of the nature of the Perm Territory in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Utic station are not limited to a stone city. The famous Uswi Poles and Caves of the Dry Log deserve visits.
Uswi pillars
Unique stone poles stretched out a few kilometers on the Utica River, rightfully considered one of the attractive places for tourists. This is a huge stone array folded by limestone. At his posts there are imprints of ancient corals and other fossils, clearly testify that millions of years ago there was a sea.
The unique forms of rocks are made up by grottoes and caves. Some of them like a pincation grotto, in the distant past served to people a shelter.
Like a magnet attracts cliff tourists, which was nicknamed finger. Its structure and dimensions are amazing. An array of cliffs 70 meters high is held on a thin "leg". He seems to demonstrate his inaccessibility and independence. This is one of the favorite places of climbing lovers.
Ordinskaya cave
In the depths of the Kazakovskaya Mountain, the underwater cave and the second in Eurasia in Eurasia - the Ordinsky cave is located in the depths of the Cark Mountain Mountain. On the surface of the mountain, more similar to the hill, there are large karst funnels, one of which is the entrance to this uniform corner of the wildlife.
This is the world's largest plaster cave. It consists of the so-called "dry" (300 m) and underwater (4600 m) parts. Her high vaults, pure deep lakes, numerous grots were examined by speleologists. The Order of the Cave is often called Mecca Cave divers.
Kungurskaya cave
This is one of the most famous nature monuments of the region, located on the right bank of Sylva. In the mysterious subsoil of the Kungur cave, the Ural Winter always reigns. Even in summer hot days, it retains the icy decoration of their underground grotts thanks to a special microclimate. The charming possessions of the Luda and Snow are the result of the invisible work of water, lasting several thousand years. Huge cavities and tunnels of the ice mountain are interconnected by a variete of corridors. The total length of all its moves is 5,700 meters. It has 70 lakes and 58 grots. Some of the Underground Cave Tags have a height of up to 20 meters and reach in a diameter up to 100 meters. Many grottoes are richly decorated with ice crystals, stalactites and stalagmites. The most beautiful decoration can boast a diamond and polar grotto.
The first plan of the unique geological monument was drawn up in the XVIII century Cartographer S. Remezov from the words of local residents who were the first guides for thirsty of unusual adventures. He was far from perfect and repeatedly changed. Now for visiting tourists, 1.5 kilometers of underground galleries is equipped.
Kungurskaya cave at any time of the year leaves a lot of unforgettable impressions. It is one of the bright creatures of nature, created only from ice and water.
Vetlan-stone
The nature of the Perm Territory created and such a unique monument as a velan stone, located on the Vishera River. This object is a sheer rock system extending at an altitude of 1750 meters.
On the top of the Vinda-Stone there is an observation deck, which opens the eye a unique panorama on endless gave. There are usually tourists traveling by Vishere.
The nature of the Perm Territory shakes. Picturesque caves and unusual rocks, coastal cliffs formed as a result of the activities of rains and winds, water flows are monuments created by nature itself.
Vishero Reserve
The reserve, stretching in the northeastern part of the Krasnovishera district, is considered a beautiful corner of the Northern Urals. Here are the highest top of the edge - Tulym Stone (1469.8 m), the picturesque ridges of larch, Ixerim, Put-Tump, prayer and many others. Magnificent views are opening with their vertices, and mountain lakes with crystal water attached on the slopes. On the territory of the reserve, mountain rivers Malaya and Big Moya, Vishera, Niols with Phants and Bystrin, beautiful waterfalls proceed.
Here, in his pristine gran, forests and territories occupied by Kurumami, stone collaps, forming stone seas and rivers. From the animals here are common, Elk, Bear, Beaver, Cord, Beaver and many others. The reserve has about 150 species of micaobion (lichen), 100 different types of moss, 500 - vascular plants. For their safety and accounting, the Red Book of the Perm Territory was specially created, dedicated to rare fading plants, birds and animals of only Kama. Swan-Clikun, Sapsan, Berkut, Drybnik, Tundry Partridge, Filin and many others have been added to its list.
The reserve also contains a unique dot of the Urals - the place of convergence of water-income spaces of three great rivers - Volga, Obi and Pechora.
Basiegi.
Bashegi is a picturesque mountain range, rising among the endless time of the taiga, on the western spurs of the Ural Mountainside. In the old days, he was one, now it makes up three separate vertices - the North, South and Middle Baseg. The forests in their area are striking by their untouched beauty. This is a reference object of natural taiga ecosystems.
The average basg is the highest point of the reserve (994 m). On his vertices, slope terraces are clearly expressed, places covered with forest and kurumami. Blinds sliding along their slopes are covered with precipitated multicolored lichens in the form of a kind of motley pattern. And the lonely standing stones are the remains and the whole of their clusters resemble various figures and animals.
The name of the reserve is formed from the North Supervisory Word "Basque", whose meaning is "beautiful." At the top of the mountain range passes the mountain and tundra belt, the stunning subalpine meadows are located below it. These are places where the rare animals of the Perm Territory are concentrated, as well as the rarest species of plants.
"You are responsible for your native land ..."
The nature of the edge of the sample in the works of many well-known writers who visited the Kama region. The cultural space at the beginning of the last century here was formed around small factory settlements. Talented managers invited to buy musicians, writers and other representatives of the creative intelligentsia. So, for example, the appearance of the village of Vsevolodo-Vilva, thanks to the Metzenate and manufacturer Savva Morozov. Here were located and lived at different times B. L. Pasternak and A. P. Chekhov. The nature of the Perm Territory photon could not touch the beauty of the region and visited Solikamsk and the Berezniki "Singer of Nature" K. G. Powhtsky. Her and writers of the Perm Territory. On the nature of the Urals, his history, culture is very written by P. P. Bazhov. In his works, the soul of this glorious, the Great Territory is embodied, the image of which goes through all the work of the writer. Thumbnails and stories V. P. Astafieva are like imbued with the thought "You are responsible for your native land, for a small homeland, for the world in which you live."
According to the article "The nature of the Perm region. Plants and animals of the Perm region"
A variety of fauna, a large number of minerals and unusually beautiful landscapes are the Perm region. Its main part is in the European continent. The boundaries of this area are sufficient winding, each has a thousand kilometer.
More than 60% of the local territory is -les. Unique trees I. animals of Perm Regionare considered Russian wealth. The main part of the forest massif here is coniferous, but also firing and pine sections are also found.
In Perm, will definitely find themselves how to take away the lovers of nature and its wealth. In addition to high slender plants here you can admire floral and berry blossom. Germinate in the region:
- Blueberries;
- Blackberry;
- Rosehip;
- Black currant;
- Rowan;
- Blueberry, etc.
Also, the terrain is unique in its chromite deposit. In addition to Zheleznyak, you can find gold, copper and iron. But, first of all, Perm is valued by its diamond fields.
The forms of life are diverse here. However, due to the increased attention of people to animal resources, some types of animal of the Perm region got into the red. We will talk about them first.
Permian fading fauna
On the expanses of this territory you can find large and small animals, fish, and birds. Each of them has a unique origin and specific characteristics. Some animal Red Book of Perm Territory It remains no more than 100. This suggests that they are at the dying stage.
Hares
In the local edges there are 2 types of Zaitsev: Belyak and Rusak. Consider each type separately:
one. . It is more common. It lives such a beast, mainly in the open space in the coniferous and pine forest. The main zone of its habitat is a high shrub. Belyaka Zaita can often be found on the banks of the river, where it goes to drink water. Every year, in the Perm region, poachers kill more than 10 thousand of these animals.
2. RUSAL. And this hare, unlike his white fellow, does not live in the forest, but in the steppe terrain. It is attracted to cutting and meadows. In the central part of the local area, Rusak managed to meet infrequently.
Russian dummy
This animal refers to the number of mole. It feeds in the insects. In the local edges, Russian can be found in the floodplains of small rivers. This is one of the most small representatives of the Perm Fauna, which is at the stage of extinction. It is listed in the Red Book, as an endangered appearance.
Red-skinned (herbal)
This is a bird that is found in the Kishertsky district of the Perm Territory. In their dimensions, she is a little inferior to the blue. The middle mass of the bodybuilder is 150 grams. Such creation will definitely attract anything by its appearance. She has a state, medium size, calf and black and orange beak. Paws at the bird-herbalist light yellow, elongated. Breast - brown and pale.
The habitat of the shroud, predominantly water. It can be found by the sea or river, less often - in the swamp. She feeds:
- Worms;
- Snail;
- Crab;
- Mosquitoes;
- Mollusks.
Such a bird refers to the number of long-livers. Its average life expectancy is 18 years old.
Tenkovka
Petrochka-Tenkovka bird lives in the northern part of the Perm Territory. Its size is small. The plumage of the bird is lacking, the wings are small. The males of the shadows are somewhat longer than females, their average size is 12 cm.
The grayish plunge of this fauna has an olive dilution. It is easy to distinguish it - just pay attention to the front of the body. Between the eyes of the shady lies a light white strip.
Closer to winter, the olive shade of the bird of the bird disappears. She becomes dim and unspoic. Wintering a shadow in India or. But before flying into the "warm edges", it strongly lines. At the moment, the number of foam-shadowkovka annually decreases by 100 individuals.
Sapsan
Almost everyone animals of the Perm Territory in the photo They look impressive, Sapsan is no exception. Everyone knows this bird as the fastest in the world. For 1 second, it flies about 100 meters, and the average hourly length of its flight is more than 3000 meters. It can not not impress!
Insome wild animals of the Perm region. To catch the sacrifice, this creature is often hidden in ambush, so that, before attack, make a jerk and quick grogging to kill the animal. He dives down, mainly at right angles. When Sapsan is enough for a victim, he tightly presses her body to her long claws.
There are no cases when Sapsan's attack ended with the beads of the victim. He suels so tightly with her neck claws that the flesh is breaking in this place. The main mining of this predatory being is small-sized mammals and small birds.
If within an hour, Sapsan could not find something edible, he will hunt snails. In appearance, learn the Sapsana simply - his body slightly sucked forward, the color of the feathers is brown-gray, and the eyes are big and black. This is not all types of species in the Perm Territory. The list can replenish: garlic, Median, Beluga, Volga herring, Pescar, etc.
Common Animals in the Perm Territory
The local animal world is diverse. Perm has a sufficiently large number of fish, mammals, birds, insects and other types of fauna. We will talk about them now.
Mouse
This is one of the most numerous animals in the world. In the local edges there are 4 types of mice:
1. Forest. It dwells, mainly near the river and in shrubs. Also, the forest rodent can be found in the coniferous zones of Perm.
2. Pumps. And this rodent is found almost all over the world. The main zone of his habitat coincides with human. This is one of the most difficult in the destruction of animals.
3. Field. The favorite area of \u200b\u200bhabitat of such a creature is the field, hence his name. Often field can be detected in the deforestation zone.
Cornel Siberian
This representative animal world of Perm region refers to the number of tailed amphibians. This is a fairly dimensional animal, reaching the length of about 1 meter (males). On the sides of the body, the charcoal is equipped with small furrows.
In some representatives, mostly females, the tail is shorter than the body. But more often - it is longer. For standard individuals of the Siberian coal, the presence of 4 fingers is characterized, but there are exceptions in nature. When mutating, which often happens among these representatives of the animal world, the amount of fingers on the limbs can be increased by 1 or 2.
Color of this animal is golden-brown. In summer, he is brighter than in winter. Often, a wide brown strip is drawn on the back of the Siberian charcolab. But the belly is bright.
Green toad
This is an amphibious in the southern part of Perm. The specifics of this species is the presence of a eardrum. The standard size of a mature gown is 11 cm. Males are somewhat larger than females. Each foot has a tubercle. Number of fingers - 4.
And still in such an amphibious, a bugly spinal surface. Its color, rather, olive, rather than green. On the entire bodily surface there are red spots of small diameter. A distinctive feature of the male green jabka is not only a large size, but also the presence of a 1 finger of small corns.
Ordinary
Standard Length HOST - 1 meter. But longer individuals, more than 2 meters are encountered in the southern Perm zones. The tail of the horny takes 25% of his body. As for the pregnodsis of the shield, this type is only 1.
The spinal scales of this animal are pronounced stronger than the tail. Spin color - brown-black. On the body of an ordinary is often able to see the orange specks of different sizes. Interesting fact! Ordinary is one of the few animal species that can be albino.
Beaver
This is the largest Perm rodent. It reaches impressive sizes - more than 90 cm. The main part of his body is a torso, the tail is 1/3 of it. The males are heavier than females, their average weight is 20 kg. Bobras live near rivers.
At the beginning of the 20th century, this species was actively hunted. Therefore, modern beavers are among rare Animals Perm Territory. In the first half of the 20th century, Russian authorities decided to take measures aimed at restoring the number of this species. It was partially possible.
Popular among hunters, as they appreciate his fur. Long wooden minks can be found near the Perm River. This is not natural creation at all, build such "huts" by Bobras.
Mesyanka
The widespread representative of the Perm Fauna. Median reaches about 80 cm long. The tail is 25% of her body. The spinal scales of this animal are very smooth. They have a pentagonal and hexagonal form. There are shields between her nostrils. But there is no supporting flap.
A distinctive feature of this creature is a black strip, which passes along the entire surface of the body and tail. And even distinguish from another snake, if you pay attention to its dorsal center. Its surface is painted by red small stains.
This representative of the fauna, like many others, is sent to wintering to warm terrain. It happens in late September-early October.
Reindeer
This beast is the only type of deer, which are found in Perm. Its habitat is coniferous and tundra. It is less likely to meet the reindeer in the mountains or sparse conifers. Closer to the summer, the animal migrates south to the rivers. It was noted that most of the reindeers are at the IP River in the Perm Territory.
Elk
This animal is distinguished by huge dimensions. It is worth noting that the elk is the largest beast of Perm. Standard length of its body is 3 meters. The males are somewhat larger than females. The weight of the moose is 350-400 kg.
This is a herbivorous beast, to meet which in the local area can be almost everywhere. Loved the environment of their habitat - the forest. The reason is a large amount of herbal feed and branches. They feed the moose. In winter, the animal migrates into coniferous agents.
Since the elk applies to the number of industrial representatives of the fauna, the hunt for it is allowed only licensed. That is, for shooting such a beast without the relevant documentation "shining" criminal liability.
Nevertheless, the mortality of elk increases annually. And the attack of hunters is not the only reason. At this herbivore beast hunts the predator - the wolf. About him and will be discussed below.
Wolf
Fierce animal inhabitant in the Perm Territory. Refer him to the detachment of "pings". As for the wolf habitat, it avoids forest areas. There, the predator is only hunting.
Landscapes on which it lives is varied. Often you can meet in the local edges of the wolf by the river, which peacefully drinks water. Today, in the Perm Territory there are no more than 300 such individuals.
Wolverine
The specifics of this fauna is its almost absolute omnivo. Wolverine refers not only to mammals, but also to predators. The mass of her body is from 17 to 21 kg, and length - 65-90 cm. Males dimensions and heavier than females.
In appearance, this animal resembles a bear. Wolverine gait is quite clumsy. This is explained by its specific physique - curved back and short paws up.
A distinctive feature of the animal is his tail. It is big and fluffy. But, despite the external attractiveness of the tail, he creates a beast of a lot of difficulties in movement. Wolverine elongated face with a blunt edge.
Separately, I would like to stop on the character. A rather fearful and cautious beast, but if he accounts for a threat or prey, acts aggressively. Lifestyle it leads solitary. But this does not interfere with the animal to eat the remains of food, which other predators ignored, including wolves.
Bear Brown
This predatory beast dwells in the coniferous forest, in the taiga. It can be found more often in the northern part of the edge. Bear is one of the largest predators in the world. The average weight of the male brown bear - 320 kg. Females weigh about 200 kg. In the marriage, they become more aggressive.
If the female has offspring, then the attack will be on any living creature that will come close to her young more than 100 meters. In this case, the coming moving objects will be perceived by it like a threat.
At low temperatures, the bear will not frizzly completely. This is due to thick lush fur, which covers the entire surface of his body. But in the summer he becomes shorter. The reason is the lack of the need for insulation at high temperatures.
In hot weather, brown bears are more common to reservoirs, as they are tormented by thirst. In addition, there he is not averse to fish. It is easy to hunt this animal, even despite the impressive sizes.
- Cleax, agoned and fast. He is not only a hardy runner, but also an excellent swimmer. And this beast is perfectly climbs on the trees. A brown bear every year flows into the hibernation. It happens in the first half of November. In a state of sleep, it is located until the middle of spring.
Black stork
Despite the widespread in Perm of this bird, thoroughly examine the image of her life failed. The stork avoids human society, so prefers to settle in places where there are few people. Basically - in dense conifers.
Often you can see the black stork nest near the reservoir or on the mountain plain, they are less common in marsh localities. You can admire the flight of this bird forever. He very beautifully soars, spreading the wings as wide as possible, while he leans his legs back, widely pulling his chest forward.
The diet of its power consists of:
- Invertebrate animals;
- Algae;
- Living fish;
- Mollusks.
Regardless of the place in which the stork fuel is a nest, it flies to eat to the river, as there is everything that can attract his attention and appetite. A distinctive biological feature of this fauna representative is his monogamy. Storks create a family 1 time. If the female, for some reason, dies, the likelihood that mature male will re-create a family - minimal.
Retal dog
This predator, like the wolf, belongs to the class "Pollow". In appearance and dimensions, this beast is not much different from a standard dog. However, there is a difference between them. To tame raccoon ps is much more complicated.
The standard mass of its body is 10-12 kg. The body in the animal is a native, and legs - elastic and massive. Thanks to a strong body, the raccoon can quickly move. She has a fluffy brown fur, which brightens to the zone of belly.
A distinctive visual feature of this beast is the black eye of a face resembling a mask. On the cheeks there are bright stains. Basically, the raccoon dog prefers meat of animals, however, in its absence it can eat vegetable food.
Caress
Speaking of Perm Predators, it is impossible not to mention this beautiful fluffy beast with a snow-white fur, which becomes red by summer. It is almost unrealistic to notice her caress in winter, as it completely merges with the color of snow. Thanks to its color, in the winter, the beast easily extracts food.
The body of the animal has an oblong narrow shape. Despite their short legs, very quickly moves. Large drifts are not an obstacle for her. She can climb into any, even very thin hole. This is explained by its physique and behavior features. I caress an extremely agile and curious beast. It not only goes well, but also swims.
Therefore, near the Rivers of the Perm Territory, it is often possible to notice a white or reddish affection, eating fish. Despite its small dimensions, fear of caress is almost completely absent. She can join the fight even with a wolf. But not a fact that wins in her. It was the fearless that no 1 hundred Lasok in local locations ruined.
River otter
One of the widespread representatives of the Perm fauna, which settles in water bodies with pools. The otter is a fairly large animal that has short legs and an oblong caller. Its average length - 80 cm.
For comfortable movement in water, the otter has between fingers of the membrane. An important role is played by the tail. An animal uses it like a "steering wheel", the tail of the otter does not have fur and wool.
The body of the animal is painted in a brown or black color. If you look at her hair, then there may be a false impression that it is rough. But if you touch the otter, it will be possible to feel the tenderness of its hairproof. Main food Otters - Living Fish.
Marten
The favorite habitat of this animal is a forest. In the zones of deforestation, it is not taking a lush shrub and needle. It shams it exclusively in the terrain distant from the human zone. Cunitsa likes a quiet thicket, where few people are. You can meet this animal in any zone of the Perm Territory. Today, there are more than 10 thousand individuals.
Lynx
This predator belongs to the Cochetic class. By gait, manner of behavior and sobs, lynx resembles a typical homemade cat. In their dimensions, she is not inferior to the German shepherd. Fur Rys - dense and fluffy, the body is elongated, and the legs are long. All this allows her the demon to trouble make a sacrifice and attack her. The beast runs very quickly.
Separately, it is worth noting the shape of her head. She is slightly oblong, rounded and shrouded to the tip. Despite the typical cat habits, it differs from a domestic cat with a relatively short tail.
Despite the variety of Perm fauna, some local animals are massively extinct. This is due not only to the worsening of the environmental situation, but also with a massive hunt for animals. This situation should be a reason for state intervention.
Loading...
