On Friday - the weekend for Muslims day at 05 hours 26 minutes local time. At this time, the city of Bam only woke up, and many people met their death in a dream. Walls from raw bricks collapsed around the perimeter of houses and people instantly turned out to be alive by buried heavy roofs and wreckage of walls. The earthquake focus was located at a depth of eight kilometers, ten kilometers from Bama, i.e. Practically under the city itself. A concussion in the epicenter of the earthquake reached IX scores on the MSK-64 scale. Iran's official authorities stated that 5,500 victims of the earthquake were buried during the day. Three days later, the representative of the Armed Forces Iran, who were engaged in the burials of the dead, said that they were buried by 20 thousand people. After four days, from under the collaps, the number of extracted corpses reached 30 thousand. Local cemeteries were crowded and dead were buried in fraternal graves. Residential buildings either collapsed completely, turning into a chaotic journey of ruins, or suffered so thoroughly that their recovery was impossible. Mass destruction of residential buildings occurred due to non-compliance with the elementary rules of construction in seismic zones. The quality of masonry and especially the solution was insufficient to ensure the resistance resistance of buildings to seismic shocks. Most of the houses were a kind of Mazankami with a heavy clay roof. Others are built from poor-quality and sufficiently suspicious brick.
Iran's authorities appealed to the global community asking for help. To overcome the consequences of the catastrophe 44 countries sent personnel to help and 60 countries offered assistance.
As a result, the Government of Iran decided to create a new city, instead of the destroyed old, which caused the protests of survivors in this earthquake.
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Excerpt that characterizes earthquake in the Bam
"And we have a different look," Stella smiled. - Just think about them so that we can see them, and we will find them.The girl clogged funny, apparently, trying to mentally create a picture of his dad. Several seconds passed ...
"Mommy, but how so - I don't remember him? .." Baby surprised.
I heard this for the first time and in surprise in big stelleins I realized that it was also something brand new for her ...
- How so - do not remember? - I did not understand the mother.
- Well, I look, I look and do not remember ... how so, I love him very much? Maybe it's really no longer? ..
- Sorry, and you can see him? - I asked my mother carefully.
The woman nodded confidently, but suddenly something in her face changed and it was clear that she was very confused.
- No ... I can't remember him ... Is it really possible? - she said almost frightened.
- And your son? Can you remember? Or brother? Can you remember your brother? - Turning immediately to both, asked Stella.
Mom and daughter shared their heads negatively.
Usually such a cheerful, Licho Stella looked very concerned, probably, could not understand what was happening here. I literally felt the stressful work of her living and such an unusual brain.
- invented! I came up with! - Suddenly happily transported Stella. "We are" dress "your images and let's go for a walk." If they are somewhere - they will see us. It's true?
I liked the idea, and it remained only mentally "change clothes" and go in search.
- Oh, please, can I get with him until you come back? - stubbornly did not forget his baby's desire. - And what is his name?
"So far," Stella smiled. - and you?
- Lia. - answered the baby. - Why do you still glow? We saw such a time, but everyone said that these are angels ... And who then you?
- We are the same girls as you, just live "upstairs."
- And the top is where? - Little Leah was not thrown.
"Unfortunately, you can't go there," I tried to somehow explain to the difficulty of Stella. - Want, I'll show you?
The girl burned away from joy. Stella took her handle and opened his stunning fantastic world in front of her, where everything seemed so bright and happy that I didn't want to believe it.
Lii's eyes have become similar to two huge round sauces:
- Oh, beauty, and Kaka-Aya! .... And what is it - heaven? Oh Ma-Amochka! .. - enthusiastically, but a girl was very quietly singing, as if afraid to knock out this incredible vision. - And who lives there? Oh, look, what cloud! .. And the rain is golden! Is it happening? ..
- Have you ever seen the red dragon? - Leah negatively woven his head. - Well, you see, and I happen, because this is my world.
- And then you, what is God ??? "But God cannot be a girl, however?" And then, who are you? ..
Questions poured out of her avalanche and Stella, who did not have time to answer them, laughed.
Not engaged in "answering questions", I became a quietly examined around and completely struck by an unusual world that opens me ... It was the truth of the real "transparent" world. Everything around sparkling and shimmering some kind of blue, the ghostly light, from which (as it should) for some reason did not get cold, but on the contrary - he warmed some unusually deep, penetrating the soul with warmth. Around me, from time to time, transparent human figures floated, then compacting, then becoming transparent, like a glowing fog ... This world was very beautiful, but some kind of inconstant. It seemed that he had changed all the time, definitely not knowing how to stay forever ...
Iran, Bama
Thousands of people have lost their heads as a result of a catastrophe. Even two years later, a lot has not been restored, and the locals gradually leave their native places.
Earthquake in Bama
Over the past 40 years, Iran survived several strong earthquakes, the last of which was truly terrifying in their consequences. There are many reasons for the tragic consequences, and among them the fact that the city of Bam was badly prepared for such catastrophes, so the number of victims is so great. And the famous urban fortress, ancient monument of architecture, turned into a pile of ruins.
Lost in time oasis The city of Bam, the history of which goes into deep antiquity, is located in the north-east of Kerman province. By the time the catastrophe was one of the prosperous cities of Iran. Sometime, it was through it a great silk path. Then the famous fortress was built. In recent years, BAM has become a tourism center. Travelers attracted not only the famous fortress, but also other masterpieces of ancient architecture. The basis of the economy was agriculture. On fertile lands around the city, as in many other parts of Iran, the inhabitants crossed dates and citrus. All attempts to develop a tourism industry in the city and improving the living conditions suffered crash after the 2003 tragic earthquake. December 26 at 5 o'clock 26 minutes of the morning the underground push by force of 6.6 points on the Richter scale shakes the city. Underground oscillations lasted only a few seconds, but the consequences were terrifying. The Iranian government for many years remains deaf to the calls for international seismological organizations. The construction of houses is still conducted without observance of anti-session norms. For such behavior had to pay a high price. Simple global houses did not stand the earthquake. In just a few minutes, the BAM turned into a pile of smoking ruins. The Citadel Agro Bam instantly ended with the face of the earth. During an underground push, most people have also slept and have now been buried under the wreckage of their own homes. The fragility and the shortesty of the used building materials used, the lack of air traffic jams among the collapsing structures (70% of all buildings) reduced and so low chances of people for survival. No one could remove alive from under the wreckage. A month after the tragedy, Iranian power announced the final number of dead - 26,711 people. Western sources of information spoke more pessimistic on this subject: they believe that the death toll is approaching 30,000.
The situation after the earthquake in the city of Bam was terrifying. There was no drinking water, electricity and telephone. Local doctors because of weak preparation, almost nothing could do before the arrival of volunteers from the nearest cities, the soldiers of the Iranian army and representatives of international charitable organizations. And two city hospitals were destroyed to the ground. In just a few hours after what happened, international humanitarian aid began to come. First aid came from Russia, Germany, Great Britain, Spain. International groups of rescuers looked after the surviving things, cleared the ruins, broke the lags that were supposed to become a refuge for 90,000 people who were deprived of the bed. The situation was complicated due to the cold nights, which the deserts are famous, the abundance of scorpions and poisonous snakes. The lack of pure drinking water was a serious problem. Most victims had serious injuries. There was a threat to the spread of cholera and dysentery. Medical workers and volunteers who arrived from different countries with difficulty controlled the situation. Fortunately, they were able to prevent the spread of dangerous diseases.
As a result of this earthquake, thousands of people lost her bed. Carefully plowed fields, neat irrigation channels were destroyed by a disaster. In order to breathe life into these agricultural areas, it will take a lot of time and labor. The entire harvest was died, due to the lack of electricity, refrigeration units stopped working, which means that the entire harvest of dates and fruit disappeared. Thousands of families were left without work and housing.
Foreign volunteers complain about the lack of help from the Iranian authorities, not to mention their absolutely conservative attitude to all people from the West. But the help does not have to wait from the local population. In March, residents of the city of Bam, offended by slowness and bureaucratic wires burned the cars of government representatives and threw the government agencies. The local police had to apply flamethos against demonstrators, the government began to fight with rioters. It is impossible not to agree that the earthquake that happened caused shock at the government itself. And after the announcement of the provision of monetary subsidies victims from the earthquake, thousands of needy people from other parts of the country revealed. A few years after the tragedy, restoration work is still underway. First of all, it is necessary to finish the construction of hospitals and schools.
Bam is about a thousand kilometers from Tehran. He has about two thousand years old. Already in the XVI-XVII centuries, the city became a major shopping center on the Great Silk Road, held from China and Indochina through Central Asia and Iran. Therefore, there were many ancient buildings on its territory. Fifteen centuries stood urban Citadel Bama, which was called the pearl architecture and visited numerous tourists. Neither the wind nor moisture nor the Afghan tribes could destroy it until the earthquake came.
The underground blow with a magnitude of 6.7 on the Richter scale, almost the same force, as the earthquake in Seattle of 2001, occurred on Friday - the weekend for Muslims day at 05 hours 26 minutes local time. At this time, the city only woke up, and many people met their death in a dream. Walls from raw bricks collapsed around the perimeter of houses and people instantly turned out to be alive by buried heavy roofs and wreckage of walls.
The city of Bam is located in the desert terrain on the southern border of Iranian plateaus. He was an important crossroads of large silk and cotton paths. His story dates back to the times of the Ahemenide dynasty (with VI to IV BC). He reached the highest heyday in the period from VII to the XI century. The BAM developed in an oasis created, mainly due to the ancient and so far the active water supply system using groundwater. His main monuments are located in the fortress of Arge Bam: 38 Watchtower, the ruler apartments, the ancient city of Bam with his mosque VIII or IX century, one of the oldest in Iran. Arg-E BAM is the most illustrative example of a medieval fortress city, built in accordance with the local technology of using the layers of land. In the Arge itself and at the adjacent territories after the earthquake, archaeologists have discovered new evidence of the history of this place - in particular, the remnants of settlements and the irrigation systems of the Parthian-Hellenistic period (no later than II century BC).
The earthquake focus was located at a depth of 8 km and 10 km from Bama, i.e. Practically under the city itself. A concussion in the epicenter of the earthquake reached IX scores on the MSK-64 scale. Residential buildings either collapsed completely, turning into a chaotic journey of ruins, or suffered so thoroughly that their recovery was impossible.
At first, local authorities reported that the elements destroyed more than 60% of residential buildings in Bama. Then another figure appeared - 90% of buildings, including two city hospitals and the entire historical part of the city, including the historical citadel. "Bam erased from the face of the earth, there are many dead and wounded, the scale of the disaster is not a description," the Western media of the word Khasan Khoshroy, deputy of the Iranian parliament from Kerman province.
Human losses were terrible - several tens of thousands of people. Despite the lack of accurate data, at least two hundred thousand people lived in the city with surroundings. In the most Bama, the population was about eighty thousand people, of whom almost half had died. According to Kerman Mohammed Tagi-Zade, the head of the province of the province of Kerman, 1200 teachers and ten thousand students died as a result of the earthquake. "Many of the teachers and students need psychological assistance, since they suffered severe moral injury," then the head of the city education department of Bam Ali Zang-Abadi said.
Originally reported about a thousand dead. But in the evening of a terrible day it was said about four thousand and at least thirty thousand wounded. Then the figure of twenty thousand dead appeared, later - at 30, 40 and 50 thousand. "If you accept that, on average, a family of five lived in every home, the number of dead will reach fifty thousand," then one of the Iranian officials said.
Iran's official authorities stated that 5,500 victims of the earthquake were buried during the day. Three days later, the representative of the Armed Forces Iran, who were engaged in the burials of the dead, said that they were buried by 20 thousand people. After four days, from under the collaps, the number of extracted corpses reached 30 thousand. Local cemeteries were crowded and dead were buried in fraternal graves.
Earthquake in Iran
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* According to other data - up to 35 thousand dead. Information on the number of those who died in Iran from earthquakes is quite contradictory.
** Two earthquakes - in February (1000 people) and May (1500 people).
In the meantime, due to the huge number of corpses in the bodies, the threat of infectious diseases arose. "We are starting to feel the smell of death," said one of the Iranian professionals at the time. "If the district will not be cleared by the end of the week, epidemics will appear."
The city, or rather what remained from him, plunged into the sorrow and horror - the streets were filled with people who lost all relatives. "I lost the whole family. My parents, grandmother and two sisters are all under the rubble," said one of the residents of Bama.
Immediately after the earthquake, part of the inhabitants ran beyond the city in palm groves. Thousands of people were open-air, it was possible to warm up only by the fires. At night, the air temperature fell below zero, and several children died from night frosts.
In the district center of Kerman, located 180 km north of Bama, a crisis center was created. The authorities called on the population to clean the road between Kerman and the bam for the movement of ambulance and rescuers. At that time, the main task was to ensure victims of medical help, food and water.
The international community immediately responded to the tragedy and a day later, about four hundred sixteen rescuers, and then more than forty countries participated in search and rescue operations. The Iranian government stated that the country would accept the help of all, excluding Israel only. Four foreign aircraft with humanitarian help arrived in the country.
The first on December 26, German rescuers arrived at the place of tragedy. They flew in a matter of hours after the earthquake, after the FRG FMID received the official consent of Tehran. Specialists of technical assistance and a special group of rapid response of Seeba, created in Germany, participated in rescue work, created in Germany to assist in natural disasters abroad. Fifty-six participants in search groups with dogs and seventy specialists began to search for those who could stay alive. Germany sent 33 tons of food, medicines, etc. to Iran. Tents with warm blankets, hiking kitchens, from Germany, was enough to provide about 40 thousand victims.
Local branches of the Red Cross in different parts of the planet immediately responded to a request for help with which the Iranian branch of this organization appealed to them. On Saturday, airplanes began to arrive in Iran, which deliver, in particular, the brigades of rescuers with specially trained dogs, helping to find buried under the wreckage of people. An employee of the Red Cross branch in Tehran Knut Kaspersen.
For the first time after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, American military transport aircraft with food, medicines, medical equipment, blankets and tents landed on Iranian territory. The total assistance of the United States amounted to about four million dollars. On December 27, a group of American specialists flew to the disaster area. It includes 66 physicians, 11 rescuers and seven United States Agency for International Development Agency, which coordinates issues of providing humanitarian assistance. On December 31, the American Field Hospital began to work in Bama.
In 2002, the United States was counted, together with Iraq and North Korea, Iran to the "axis of evil". However, after the US earthquake, we temporarily relaxed sanctions in order to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance to the affected population. Since in the United States there is a numerous Iranian community, thanks to the temporary cancellation of sanctions, its members were able to make donations from accounts in American banks directly to Iran.
Iranian leadership welcomed Washington's decision. So, the vice-speaker of the Parliament of the Cate Hatami, the brother of President Iran, said that he regards the US decision as a step towards creating confidence. In turn, US Secretary of State Colin Powell noted that Washington is ready for the beginning of an open dialogue with Tehran.
In the meantime, at the emergency meeting of the Council for Cooperation of the Persian Gulf countries in Er-Riyadh, it was decided to allocate four hundred million dollars as helping Iran. The UN allocated $ 74 million, and the entire international community managed to collect about five hundred million US dollars.
Russian rescuers arrived at the place of disaster on December 27th. Two IL-76 landed at the airport of Kerman. On board were rescuers, kinologists, emergency medicine doctors disaster. Tents were delivered, warm clothes, blankets, furnaces, water treatment stations, generators, medical and rescue equipment. The Russian column of two cars KAMAZ, a rescue car and a car UAZ went to the city of Kerman.
Despite the large number of rescuers, they save a few. Foreign rescue services first encountered the specifics of rescue people from under the ruins of extremely fragile homes. This was due to the fact that the main part of the housing was built from undergraduated materials, literally scattered in dust from seismic strike. The ruins did not form voids in which people could survive. It was much easier to disassemble them than reinforced concrete structures, but the whole trouble was that people were already dead even without damage. A few minutes staying in a dense dawn was enough that they would suffocate from small dust.
A day after the earthquake from the dawn, only 150 people were saved. When the search dogs of living people began to find much more, since from under the ruin there was no crying for help, and the animals could feel living people. With the help of dogs, twenty people were saved for more than one and a half days under the ruins.
Two days later, only fifteen people were informed from the ruins, on the fourth day of total five. Even a day later, eleven live people were found. One of the inhabitants saved the wardrobe - he was discovered by his wife who returned six days later from the hospital. On January 1, 2004, a nine-year-old girl and one pregnant woman was saved.
Thus, in a few days of rescue work from under the dawn, alive was freed about five hundred people. Almost all the saved were injured and were in a serious psychological state. We note, as in Ashgabat and a number of other places, in Bama managed to find living people who have spent more than five days under the rubble. But they were extremely small, in comparison with the total number of people in the dawns.
A heavier situation was observed in settlements remote from Bama. Residents of rural areas for a few days after the earthquake remained without help. That kind was the lack of ideas among the authorities about the scale of the catastrophe and spoiled roads.
Five days later, the rescuers began to leave the EFFish District. It became clear that there was almost no chance to find living people. Iran's Health Minister Ahmed Phezheshkyan stated the lack of need for new rescuers groups. The urgent task was to ensure the surviving residents of medications, food and water.
In the city, memorial prayers began to be held. The spiritual leader of Iran Ayatolla Ali Khamenei took part in them. The authorities decided to restore the city. "The city of Bam should reappear on the map of Iran," said President Hatami at the Government Emergency meeting in the city of Kerman.
Meanwhile, another underground push, magnitude 5.3 on the Richter scale was recorded south of the Bama, near the city of Jirof. The new earthquake with magnitude 4 occurred in the province of Huzestan, near the city of Megeede Soleman. On December 31, 2003, there were four underground jolts - the Aftershock of the earthquake that occurred on December 27th.
In 2005, February 22, the 612 people were killed and more than 1,5,000 were injured and more than 1.5 thousand were injured and more than 1,5,000 were injured by the Earthquake in Bama, seismic push. More than 50 villages and villages in the surrounding area were destroyed from 20 to 100%. In the zone of the earthquake, the province of Kerman and major cities of Zarand, Hotcoma, Hanuk, Motaharabad and Islamabad. It is reported that the city of Zarand with a population of 135 thousand people suffered more than others.
Most likely, Aftershokov was much more, but due to the absence of both in the area of \u200b\u200bBama, as in most of the Iran of seismic stations, nothing can be said on this issue definitely. As dozens - hundreds of years ago, it is necessary to rely on the sensations of people and the data of international seismic stations. However, the latter are often not able to register weak local earthquakes.
Many after the earthquake were asked by one question. How could have happened that for one week with the same force of earthquakes in Iran and California, three people died in the United States, and Iran is ten thousand times more?
Such a large number of dead is explained, first of all, universally not compliance with the rules of seismic construction. The author, repeatedly visiting Iran, was convinced of the lack of any state policy in this regard. People continue to live in the houses of traditional buildings. Even in such cities like Kupa, Mashhad and Gorgan, where the strongest earthquakes have repeatedly arose repeatedly arose.
Building of most Iranian settlements is similar to the one that was in the Bam. However, also, as once, the destiny destroyed in 1887 was built up in 1887, destroyed in 1902 Andijan (Uzbekistan), in 1946 the destroyed city of Kazanzhik and in 1948 the city of Ashgabat in Turkmenistan erased from the face. These catastrophes have repeatedly confirmed a simple fact - samable clay dwellings, buildings from raw and burned bricks using a clay and lime mortar without special anti-seismic events are not able to resist seismic shocks.
The breakdown of the buildings of the BAM occurred due to non-compliance with the elementary rules for construction in seismic zones. The quality of masonry and especially the solution was insufficient to ensure the resistance resistance of buildings to seismic shocks. Most of the houses were a kind of Mazankami with a heavy clay roof. Others are built from poor-quality and sufficiently suspicious brick.
The usual practice was the construction of houses in several floors, the main carrier elements of which are one and dual-level metal beams. The outlook of the walls were filled with masonry in one brick or Pollockich. Due to the lack of wood and the high cost of metal, the ceilings most often constructed with a stuffed way of bricks. With underground jogging, such houses are easily destroyed and form solid dawns. In them, as a rule, no emptiness is formed in which people could take place. In addition, unlike European countries, internally, the decoration of Iranian houses does not contain heavy and high furniture, which could take over the collapsing arches and enable people to survive or get out of the ruins.
Rally, the rule, the exception, is a non-planning building of settlements in Iran and the lack of state control over the construction of housing and public buildings. The same troubles suffer in neighboring Turkey, where the number of victims from earthquakes is a little inferior to Iran.
By the way, the earthquake in Bama almost coincided not only with an anniversary of a strong earthquake in Turkey on December 27, 1939, but also turned out to be commensurate with him by the number of victims. In Turkey, it also happened at night (2 o'clock in the morning) and claimed the lives of more than 50 thousand inhabitants of the Turkish provinces of Erzincan, Sivas and Samsun, and hundreds of thousands were injured.
On the other hand, the population of Iran and, maybe Turkey, have a very weak idea of \u200b\u200bthe nature of earthquakes and measures that must be taken to reduce seismic hazards. "Many believe that this is God's Will," is a professor of Geophysics of Tehran University Bakhram Akashch. As mentioned earlier, it may be due to the moods of optimistic fatalism in Islam - Fatum-fate. However, these moods in the 21st century are possible only in the absence of wide masses of access to modern knowledge.
In other words, when in society, the mechanisms are undeveloped to ensure the safety of its members, and the commencement of the constant and continuous threat of natural disasters is not accompanied by the adoption of measures adequately. This is confirmed by the fact that from 1991 to 2001, only more than 17 thousand people took the earthquake in Iran, and 53 thousand were injured.
Earthquakes in the province of Kerman
In this regard, the example of Japan is good, the territory of which is no less seismically dangerous, and national traditions are even stronger than in Iran. In this country, out of year, measures are being held in the preparation of the population to earthquakes. It is also important that they are supported by the sustained increase in the welfare of the population and the country's economy.
From the point of view of science, severe earthquakes in Iran are quite expected phenomena. The Mediterranean geosynclinal fold belt is held through the territory of Iran. This is the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian and Indian lithospheric plates. The belt includes the territory of the Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Iran. One of the most highly asymal regions of this belt is a zone of Zamros, in which the earthquake of 2003 arose.
In turn, the earthquake in Bama, caused a new discussion of the issue of transferring the capital of Iran to another terrain, less susceptible to the danger of a strong earthquake. This was announced, speaking on national television, head of the National Security Council of Iran Hassan Rohani.
Note, the capital of Iran - Tehran is located in the area of \u200b\u200ba large tectonic fault. Specialists have long warned about the possibility of a strong earthquake here. Although the transfer plan of the capital was proposed back in 1991, but as long as he was postponed. Nevertheless, recently, several earthquakes occurred in the area of \u200b\u200bElbrus Range located north of Tehran. According to estimates of seismologists, the magnitude of the earthquake possible here can be about 7 on the Richter scale.
Seismic activity in Iran does not stop. Already on January 6, 2004, eleven Iranian province of Huzestan occurred eleven earthquakes with magnitude from 3.2 to 4.8 on the Richter scale. The provincial population was warned about the need to follow precautions. The only question is what they should be to enter into? Old dwellings in one day will not rebuild, just as it is impossible for an instant to earthquake to bring people out of them.
Scientists have long defined the means to prevent the destructive effects of earthquakes and, as well, other natural disasters - use knowledge accumulated humanity to create safe living conditions. This fact once again confirmed the tragedy in Southeast Asia of 2004. She brought bitterness of free loss not only to Asian huts, but also in many European skyscrapers.
On January 12, 2005, a powerful earthquake occurred on the island of Haiti, the magnitude of underground jolts reached 7. More than 222 thousand people became victims of the elements. On the fifth anniversary of the tragedy, we decided to remind the most destructive earthquakes of the XXI century
Afghanistan. 2002.
In March 2002, two powerful earthquakes swept over the north of Afghanistan. The magnitude of underground jolts exceeded 7. About two thousand people were victims of the elements, about 20 thousand Afghans were left without bed.
The first after four years of lulling earthquake in the north of Afghanistan was recorded on March 3, 2002 around 15:00 Moscow time. The magnitude of underground jolts was 7.2. The soil fluctuations were felt on the extensive territory - from Tajikistan to India. The epicenter was located on the Afghan-Pakistani border in the mountains of Hindukusha. Then more than 100 people died, ten more disassembled. Representatives of the WORLD Food Program at that moment in Kabul provided assistance to the victims. Helicopters, which were previously used to deliver humanitarian cargo, were sent to the two most affected villages in the north of Samangan Province.
After 22 days, on March 25, 2002, the element collapsed on Afghanistan. Underground points of magnitude from 6.5 to 7 were recorded in the north-east of the country. The epicenter of the earthquake was 50 kilometers southeast of the city of Kunduz. This time the element claimed the lives of about one and a half thousand people, more than four thousand people were injured, about one and a half thousand buildings were destroyed. The province of Baglan most suffered. The city of Farre was completely destroyed. The forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia were involved in the rescue operation. A few days later, the underground shocks were felt in Kabul, in Mazar-Sharif, as well as in the Pakistani city of Peshawar and Tajikistan.
Iran. 2003
December 26, 2003 at 5:26 am local time South-east Iran shook a deep destructive earthquake. The element completely destroyed the ancient city of Bam. The victims of the earthquake were several tens of thousands of people.
The epicenter of underground jolts, magnitude from 6.7 to 5, was recorded in the south-east of Iran a few tens of kilometers from the major city of Bam. The country's authorities urgently appealed to the world community asking for help. More than 60 countries responded to the call, 44 of them were sent personnel to help overcome the consequences of the catastrophe. Russia participated in the rescue operation.
Already in the first hours after the earthquake, it was clear that the element was spared by little - the number of victims went to tens of thousands. According to official data, 35 thousand people died, but later Iran's Health Minister reported on 70 thousand victims. In addition, the BAM was practically erased from the face of the Earth - up to 90% of buildings were destroyed, many of which were clay. As a result, the Iranian government decided not to restore the ancient city, but to rebuild new ones.
Indonesia. 2004
On December 26, 2004 at 07:58 local time in the Indian Ocean, one of the most destructive earthquakes in modern history occurred. The magnitude of underground jolts reached 9.3. Following him, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, South India, Thailand and 14 more countries covered the tsunami. The wave destroyed everything in its path. The victims of the elements were up to 300 thousand people.
Exactly one year after an hour after an earthquake in the Iranian Bam, the underground dots felt the inhabitants of Indonesia. The epicenter of the earthquake this time was in the Indian Ocean, north of the island of the Indonesian Island of Simlue, located near the North-West shore of the Indonesian Island Sumatra. An earthquake that has become the third earthquake for the entire history of observation, provoked waves up to 30 meters high. After 15 minutes, they reached the coast of the nearest countries, until the most distant corners of the Indian Ocean, Tsunami got seven hours later. Many states were not ready for such a strike of the elements - most coastal zones were caught by surprise. People went on the coast to collect the fish, which suddenly turned out to be on land, or admire the unusual natural phenomenon, was the last thing they saw.
The element killed hundreds of thousands of people. The exact number of dead has not yet been established - it ranges from 235 thousand people up to 300 thousand, tens of thousands disappeared, more than a million people remained without homes. Thousands of tourists from different parts of the planet, who decided to celebrate Christmas and New Year holidays in the Indian Ocean, never returned home.
Pakistan. 2005 year
October 8, 2005 at 8:50 local time a powerful earthquake was recorded in Pakistan. The magnitude of underground jokes was 7.6. According to official data, more than 74 thousand people died, including 17 thousand children, about three million Pakistanis remained without a roof above their heads.
The epicenter of the earthquake was located in the Pakistani region of Kashmir, 95 kilometers from Islamabad. The hearth of underground jolts lit up at a depth of 10 kilometers. The earthquake felt residents of several countries. The element caused major destruction in Northeast Pakistan, Afghanistan and in Northern India. Many villages were destroyed to the base. To date, the earthquake in Kashmir is the most difficult in South Asia over the past 100 years.
Assistance in eliminating the consequences of the female elements of Pakistan was offered several states. International and non-governmental organizations assisted in the form of money, food and medical equipment. Special support for Pakistan was provided by Cuba, killing about a thousand doctors in the disaster zone in the first days after the tragedy.
The exact number of earthquake victims is still unknown. According to the authorities in October 2005, 84 thousand people were killed, but at unconfirmed elements, the element claimed the lives of up to 200 thousand people.
China. 2008 year
On May 12, 2008 at 14:28 on Beijing time in the Chinese province, Sichuan occurred an earthquake of magnitude 8. The element claimed about 70 thousand people, another 18 thousand were missing.
The epicenter of the earthquake was recorded at 75 kilometers from the capital of Sichuan Province of Chengdu, the focus of underground jolts lit up at a depth of 19 kilometers. After the main earthquake, over ten thousand repeated underground jolts followed. The echoes of the earthquakes reached Beijing, which was at a distance of one and a half thousand kilometers from the epicenter. Also, underground shocks felt residents of India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nepal, Mongolia and Russia.
According to official data, the victims of the female elements were more than 69 thousand people, 18 thousand are missing missing, 370 thousand were injured, five million Chinese were left without a bed. The Sichuan earthquake was the second strength in the modern history of China, in the first place - Tangshanskoye, which occurred in 1976 and killed about 250 thousand lives.
Haiti. 2010 year
January 12, 2010 at 16:53 local time the island state of Haiti shakes a powerful earthquake. The magnitude of the underground jog reached 7. The element completely destroyed the capital of Port-O-Priss. The number of dead exceeded 200 thousand people.
After the first earthquake on Haiti, a variety of repetitions was registered, of which 15 with magnitude more than 5. The epicenter of the earthquake was 22 kilometers south-west of the capital of the island state, the focus lay down at a depth of 13 kilometers. Later, geological services explained that the earthquake on Haiti became the result of the movement of the earth's crust in the contact zone of Caribbean and North American lithospheric plates.
The authorities of 37 countries, including Russia, sent to Haiti rescuers, doctors and humanitarian assistance. However, the International Rescue Operation was hampered by the fact that the airport did not cope with a large number of arriving aircraft, it also lacked fuel to refuel them. The media stated that surviving after the earthquake massively died from an acute shortage of pure water, food, drugs and medical care.
According to official data, the element claimed the lives of more than 222 thousand people, about 311 thousand were injured, more than 800 people are missing missing. In Port-O-Prince, the elements destroyed several thousand residential buildings and almost all hospitals, about three million people left without a roof over his head.
Japan. 2011
On March 11, 2011 at 2:46 pm local time, a powerful earthquake occurred at the Eastern Coast of Honshu Island in Japan. The magnitude of underground jolts reached 9.1. The element claimed the number of 15870 people, another 2846 lasted missing.
The epicenter of underground jokes was 373 kilometers to the northeast of Tokyo, the focus climbed in the Pacific at a depth of 32 kilometers. After the main push, the magnitude of 9.0 was followed by a series of Aftersokov, and there were more than 400 there. The earthquake caused tsunami, which spread throughout the Pacific Ocean, the wave reached Russia.
According to official data, the number of died as a result of the earthquake and tsunami in 12 prefectures of Japan is 15,870 people, another 2846 people are missing, more than six thousand people suffered. The female elements led to the accident at Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant. The earthquake and tsunami disabled external power supply and backup diesel generators, this led to a breakdown of all normal and emergency cooling systems, which in turn caused the melting of the active zone of reactors on three power units.
Fukushima-1 was officially closed in December 2013. On the territory of the nuclear power plant to this day, work continues to eliminate the consequences of the accident. According to experts, the attachment of the object in a stable state may take up to 40 years.
On April 25, 2015, one of the most powerful earthquakes in history took place in Nepal, which killed thousands of lives and destroyed a large number of historical monuments.
In the 21st century, this is the seventh large-scale earthquake. We will try to remember them all.
Iranian earthquake in Bama 2003
alex-dfg.livejournal.comOn December 26, 2003, the ancient city of Bam in the province of Kerman, Iran, survived the devastating earthquake (6.3 points), in which more than 35 thousand people died and were injured more than 22 thousand (from 200 thousand population). About 90% of clay buildings of the historic city were destroyed.
The consequences of the earthquake were so large-scale due to the fact that many houses were clay and did not meet the local standards of 1989.
Earthquake in the Indian Ocean in 2004
By U.S. No Photo by photographer's Mate 2nd Class Philip A. McDaniel, Via Wikimedia Commons The underwater earthquake in the Indian Ocean, which occurred exactly one year after Iranian, December 26, 2004, caused a tsunami recognized as the most deadly natural disaster in modern history. The earthquake magnitude was, according to various estimates, from 9.1 to 9.3. This is the third earthquake for the entire observation history.
The epicenter of the earthquake was in the Indian Ocean, north of the island of Symalue, located near the North-West shore of Sumatra Island (Indonesia). Tsunami reached the coast of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, South of India, Thailand and other countries. The wave height exceeded 15 meters. Tsunami led to huge destruction and a huge number of dead people, even in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 6900 km from the epicenter.
Died, according to different estimates, from 225 thousand to 300 thousand people. The true number of dead is unlikely to ever become known, since many people were taken by water in the sea.
Sichuan earthquake 2008
By 人神 之间 (Own Work (Original Text: Self-Made 自己 制作)) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0], Via Wikimedia Commons Sichuan earthquake - a destructive earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 in the province of Sichuan, China. The earthquake magnitude was 8 MW according to the Chinese seismological bureau. The epicenter is recorded 75 km from the capital of Sichuan Province of Chengdu. The earthquake was felt in Beijing (removal of 1500 km) and Shanghai (1,700 km), where office buildings were shaking and evacuation began. He was felt in neighboring countries: India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nepal, Mongolia and Russia.
The earthquake occurred in the seismically active fault of Longmenshhan, who passes through the western edge of the Sichuan Basin, separating it from the Sino-Tibetan mountains.
Official sources claim that on August 4, 2008, about 70 thousand people died, there were no order of 18 thousand people, almost 300 thousand - suffered.
Earthquake in Haiti 2010
By Logan Abassi / Undp Global [CC BY 2.0], undefined On January 12, 2010, a major earthquake occurred on Haiti Island. The epicenter was 22 km south-west of the capital of the Republic of Haiti Port-O-Prince.
The earthquake on Haiti was the result of the movement of the earth's crust in the contact zone of the Caribbean and North American lithospheric plates. The last time an earthquake of such destructive strength occurred at Haiti in 1751.
According to official data on March 18, 2010, the number of dead amounted to more than 200 thousand people who were injured - more than 300 thousand people, and the missing - 869 people. Material damage is estimated at 5.6 billion euros.
Earthquake in Chile 2010
By Atilio Leandro (Originally Posted to Flickr AS San Antonio / Chile) [CC BY-SA 2.0], undefined An earthquake in Chile is a powerful earthquake that occurred on February 27, 2010 off the coast of Chile, which caused human sacrifices, destruction and education of the tsunami. One of the largest earthquakes for the last half a century. The epicenter of the earthquake of magnitude 8.8 was 90 kilometers from the capital of the Bio Bio Concepcion region, the second agglomeration of the country in magnitude after Santiago. Less than a thousand people became victims of the elements.
The earthquake caused the tsunami, which collapsed on the 11 islands and the coast of Maule, but the number of victims caused by the tsunami is minimal: most of the coast inhabitants managed to hide from tsunami in the mountains.
Earthquake in Japan 2011
By U.S. Marine Corps Photo by Lance CPL. ETHAN JOHNSON [CC BY 2.0], Via Wikimedia Commons The earthquake of the East Coast of Honshu Island in Japan, also known as the Great Eastern Japanese Earthquake, occurred on March 11, 2011. His magnitude was up to 9.1. This is the strongest earthquake in the famous history of Japan.
The earthquake caused a strong tsunami, which made massive destruction on the northern islands of the Japanese archipelago. The maximum wave height was about 40 meters. Tsunami spread throughout the Pacific Ocean; In many coastal countries, including throughout the Pacific coast of North and South America from Alaska to Chile, a warning was announced and evacuation was conducted.
As a result of a disaster, an accident occurred at Fukushima-1 nuclear power plants. Three reactors were in varying degrees damaged and became a source of strong radioactive emissions.
As of September 5, 2012, the official number of those who died as a result of the earthquake and the tsunami amounted to more than 15 thousand people, about 3 thousand are listed missing, more than 6 thousand were injured.
Earthquake in Nepal 2015
By Krish Dulal (Own Work) [CC BY-SA 4.0], Via Wikimedia Commons Earthquakes in Nepal 2015 - a number of earthquakes with magnitude from 4,2mW to 7.8mW, which occurred on April 25 and 26, 2015. Pulls felt in the capital of Nepal Kathmandu. The jackets were also observed on Everest, provoking the gathering of snow avalanches, as a result of which more than 80 climbers died.
The Government of Nepal confirmed the death of more than 4 thousand people, about 7 thousand people were injured. According to media reports, about 100 people died in neighboring countries (India, Bangladesh, China), about 100 people died.
According to preliminary data, thousands of houses were completely destroyed in the country, the damage is estimated at 5 billion dollars.
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