Western Siberia is an extensive area limited from the West with steep ledges of the Ural ridge, and from the east - the slopes of the mid-Siberian plateau. From north to south it extends from the coast of the Kara Sea to the Turgay dining room and Altai inclusive. In the orographic attitude, it is divided into two sharply different parts: an extensive West Siberian lowland, covering about 85% of its territory, and the Altai mountain country, which occupies a relatively small southeastern corner.
West Siberian lowland is one of the greatest lowlands of the globe. It is an extensive, strongly wetched plain, with absolute heights of 80-120 m, weakly tilted north. Ob River, crossing all the lowland in the direction from the south to the north - from Novosibirsk to the mouth (for about 3000 km) - has a fall of only 94 m, or on average, more than 3 cm per 1 km. The emergence of the plain is explained by the geological history of the Western Siberian lowland, the bottom of the sea former until the end of the tertiary period, as a result of which it turned out to be made and aligned powerful strata seeding. Indigenous crystalline rocks were deeply buried under later deposits; They rise close to the surface only along the periphery of the lowland.
West Siberian lowland is distinguished by a high wetland, where the swamps occupy up to 70% of its surface. Here are the famous Vasyugan Swamps (53 thousand km 2). The formation of swamps in the area is associated with stagnation and bad conditions for the flow of surface waters. A characteristic feature of the West Siberian lowland is a weak swallriate of river valleys, standing out on the map in the form of relatively dry bands among strongly wetlands. This, apparent at first glance, an unusual phenomenon is explained by the history of the formation of the relief and the river valleys of Western Siberia, the former relatively recently (in the geological sense) of the sea. After the sea purifier, the surface of the plain was intensely intensive, and with the subsequent decrease in the basis of erosion, the river valleys had a drainage effect only on a narrow adjacent strip.
The swamps of Western Siberia are a colossal waterparm. The average wetla of the plains is about 30%, in the leaning band of 50%, and separate areas (Surgut Polesie, Vasyugan, the Kondinskaya Nizin) reaches 70-80%. The combination of many factors contributes to widespread development of marsh formation, the main of which is the plane of the territory and its tectonic regime with a sustainable trend towards lowering in the northern and central regions, weak drainage of the territory, excessive moisturizing, long-term spring-summer flood on rivers in combination with the formation of subpoits for tributaries With raising Ob, Irtysh and Yenisei, the presence of many years of permanent.
According to the peat fund, the total area of \u200b\u200bpeat swamps in Western Siberia is 400 thousand km 2, and taking into account all other types of wetlasts - from 780 thousand to 1 million km 2. The total reserves of the peat are estimated at 90 billion tons in air-dry state. It is known that in the peat the swamps contains 94% of the water.
Vasyugan swamps are the greatest swamps in the world, are located in Western Siberia, in the passfold of Ob and Irtysh, in the territory of the Vasyugan Plain, which is mostly within the Tomsk region, and small parts of the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions and the Khanty-Mansiysk JSC.
Swamp area 53 thousand km² (for comparison: Square Switzerland - 41 thousand km²), extent from west to east - 573 km, from north to south - 320 km, coordinates - from 55 ° 40 "to 58 ° 60" s. sh. and from 75 ° 30 "to 83 ° 30" in. d.
Pass a hundred wonders of Russia!
The deserted Vasyugan swamps are the "geographical trend" of the North of the Tomsk region, which in the old days was called the Narym clock. Historically, these were places of links of political prisoners.
"God created a paradise, and the damn - the Narymsky region," said the first wave of Russian immigrants - "serviced people by order" and "reference" (almost from the very beginning, Narm, standing in the middle of the swamps, began to use as a place of reference). The second wave of exiles (political prisoners, starting from the 1930s.) Filmed: "God created the Crimea, and Damn - Narym." But it was told those who were here against the will. Indigenous residents - Khanty (statute. "Ostiaria") and Sellockups (Essays. "Ostiako-Samoyed"), whose ancestors, as evidenced by archaeological finds of the Kulay Culture (Bronze casting: Hunting weapons and cult artifacts), lived in the villains on the elevated areas of Vasyugania At least three thousand years, such as they would not say. But the Narym region is the edge of the swamps, and in the Slavic folklore, the swamps are always associated with evil spirits.
Vasyugan swamps arose about 10 thousand years ago and since then they are constantly increasing - 75% of their modern area were wetrated less than 500 years ago. The swamps are the main source of fresh water in the region (water reserves - 400 km³), there are about 800 thousand small lakes, many rivers originate from the marshes, in particular: Ava, Bakchar, Big Yugan, Vasyugan, Demyanka, Iqua, Kargat, Konga , Nürolka, Small Tartas, Tartas, Small Yugan, Omc, Parabel, Parbig, Tara, Tui, Yi, Tea, Chertala, Chuska, Chusik, Shegharka, Shish. Vasyugan Swamot 
Vasyugan swamps - a house for numerous local fauna, including rare. From rare animal species in the swamps, in particular, northern deer, Berkut, Orlan-Belochvost, Skop, Gray Sorokoput, Sapsan. In significant quantities there are proteins, moose, sables, debris, white partridges, rumble glands, tetherov, in smaller quantities of mink, otter, wolverine. Flora also includes rare and endangered plant species and plant communities. Cranberries, blueberries ,, torcker are widespread from Dijoros.
Now the animal and vegetable world of swamps is under threat due to the development of the territory in the exploration and operation of oil and gas fields. Environmental danger also represents the falling second steps of launch vehicles starting from the Baikonur cosmodrome, which pollute the territory of the residues heptila. Vasyugan Swamot 
Vasyugan Plain
Vasyugan inclined plastic reservoir - plain in Western Siberia, part of the West Siberian Plain, is located within the Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions, in the passing of Ob and Irtysh.
Plain decreases to the north, absolute heights vary from 100 to 166 m.
The territory is very bursting, one of the biggest swamps in the world is located here - Vasyugansky, from which there are a lot of rivers, in particular: Ava, Bakchar, Big Yugan, Vasyugan, Demyanka, Ixa, Kenga, Nürolka, Small Tartas, Tartas, Small Yugan , Omics, Parabel, Parbig, Tara, Tui, Yi, Tea, Chertala, Chuska, Chusik, Shegharka, Shish.
Fossils: oil, natural gas, peat, iron ore. Vasyugan Swamot
River Vasyugan.
Vasyugan - River in the south of the West Siberian Plain, the left influx of Ob. The whole proceeds through the territory of the Kargasok district of the Tomsk region.
Length - 1082 km, shipping at a distance of 886 km from the mouth, pool area - 61,800 km². Middle-year annual stock: 345 m³ / c, 10.9 km³ / year.
Takes the beginning from Vasyugan swamps. Vasyugan Swamot 
The largest tributaries:
Right: Elizard, Petryak, Half, Ershovka, Kalganak, Poningka, Nürolka, Winter, Chijack, Pasil, Sylga, Sugain, Kochebilovka, slogan.
Left: Large Petryak, Fertilizer, Cow, Styritsa, Garchak, Kyn, Namiela, Deaf, Chelvat, Yagyli, Entry, Olenevka, Celvat, Londynaja, Katulga, Cheremshanka, Pond, Makhnya, Keedrovka, Martynovka, Waren-Egan, Yakhyov, Chebachya , Kacharma, small trainer.
Popular points (from source):
from. New Vasyugan, d. Aipolovo, p. New tevriz, p. Middle Vasyugan, p. Old Berezovka, p. Ust-chijack, p. Nannak, p. Large mane, p. Staryugino, p. Novyugino, p. Bondarka.
In the Vasyugan pool there are oil and gas fields.
River Big Yugan.
The Big Yugan - River in Russia, proceeds through the territory of the Surgut and Nefteugan districts of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, the left influx of Ob, flows into the Yugan Ob. 
The length of the river is 1063 km, the area of \u200b\u200bits catchment pool is 34,700 km². 118 km from the mouth of the average annual water consumption - 177.67 m³ / s.
The source in the swamps of Vasyugan (Vasyugan swamps) flows through the wetland of the West Siberian Plain.
Many tributaries, of which the biggest small yuga is the largest. There are about 8,000 lakes in the pool, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 545 km². Nutrition river snow. From October to the beginning of May.
Main settlements from the mouth to source:
Yugan, Najvenugansky, Country, Cogonchins, Kayukov, Taurova, Tylakovo, Larlkin. 
River Demyanka
Demyanka - River in Western Siberia, the right influx of Irtysh.
The origins of Vasyugany swamps in the northeast of the Omsk region. Next flows through the territory of the Uvadsky district of the Tyumen region. Troubles: Keum, Timka - Right; Tegus, urn, Imgyt, Big Cunnac - left.
The total length of the river is 1159 km, the area of \u200b\u200bthe catchment is 34,800 km² with its average height of 90 m, takes 50 tributaries, more than 10 km long. The total number of watercourses in the river basin reaches impressive meaning: 1689, with a total length of 10,913 km. The river net lugout rate is 0.31 km / km².
The weighted range of the river 0.07, which indicates a calm flow, moderate deformation processes and the fine-flowing composition of bottom sediments.
The valley of the river, both in the upper, and in the middle the course has a trapezoidal form. The slopes of the valley of the river are relatively steep, swearing places, have a variety of taiga vegetation.
Wood vegetation is represented by mixed forests, coniferous species of trees: cedar, pine, spruce, fir; Deciduous rocks: Aspen, Bereza, Iva. The shrubs prevailing the cushion, a car.
The riverbed of the river is unbreakable, strongly winding. The bottom of the line or and sandy. At the time of the spring rise of the water level, the river partially becomes shipping. The channel on the shallow water is littered by the fallen trees, shrub. The type of channel process is free mesery. Interest longitudinal slope is insignificant - 0.034. The ice drift passes on the rise of the flood.
The Demiani swimming pool is significantly wettering and is distinguished by a huge number of small lakes: 50% wetland, hoefulness of 45%.
Lakenity is not so large and does not exceed 2.0%, which is caused by extremely small sizes of intrabolic lakes.
On the river there is a village of Demyanka, but as a whole, the Demyanka pool is molded weakly. There are no large settlements.
Article about Vasyugan Marsh
Russian first-silents founded Tyumen (1586), Narymsky (1596) and Tomsk (1604) Ostrot soon after the completion of the military expedition Ermak (1582-1585), which posted the beginning of the conquest of Siberian Khanate in 1607, judging by the documents , By 1720, in the Narym region, the newly promoted population lived in 12 settlements, but the times were restless, the resistance of the local population was not broken, the nature of harsh, so we were settled among the Khanty and Selkups, only "serviced people", scored "on the sovereign charge" (Cossacks), missionary churchmen. Peasants, artisans and merchants managed Vasyugan Debrey Party, moving into more favorable land, but for those pursued by the authorities of Kerzhakov-Old Believers there were suitable - deaf, impassive.
Since 1835, the systematic settlement of exiles began (the new influx of exiles came in Vasyugan to the 1930-1950s.), It was mostly the local population increased during their account. Later, the restmoting of the peasants of the central provinces as a result of the reforms of 1861, and especially the Stolypin agrarian reform of 1906, was to seek land under Pashnya, and the 1908 expedition, aimed at migrating the Tomsk district of Vasyugan, took place from the village Orlovki through Vasyugan Marsh to Yurt Chithalinsky and the Vasyugan River and found suitable sites for several more villages. In the winterer, ice cream fish, meat, feathery ditch, fur, berry, cedar walnut Vasyuganz, drove to Tomsk, and the flour, manufactory, salt were brought back. Bread was not born, but later the Siberians adapted to grow potatoes, cabbage, turnips, carrots; Cattle also found where to scream.
In 1949, oil was found in the western part of the swamps, the Kargasok district was called "Oil Klondike", by the beginning of the 1970s, more than 30 oil and gas fields in Vasyugansky (Pioner) and Loginetsk (Padino) regions have already been opened. In 1970, the construction of the oil pipeline Alexandrovskoe - Tomsk - Anzhero - Sudzhensk was launched, in 1976 - Nizhnevartovsk gas pipeline - Parabel - Kuzbass. The new tracked technique and helicopters made Vasyugan swamps more affordable -, but also more vulnerable. Therefore, it was decided to serve a large part of the swamp, adjacent to the Ob - Irtysh watershed, to preserve this natural phenomenon and environmental regulation of the region.
Vasyugan Natural Region covers not only Vasyugan swamps, but also pools of the right tributaries Irtysh and Levy - Ob. This is a flat or semi-voltage plain with a weak slope to the north, cutting the river valleys of the Large Yugan, Vasyugan, Parabel, and others. Swamp lies on the Ob-Irtysh watershed area and is constantly growing.
Swamp - storage of large fresh water stocks. The marsh peat is a valuable raw material and a giant natural filter that cleans the atmosphere from excess carbon and toxic substances, thereby preventing the so-called greenhouse effect. Thus, the swamps have a beneficial effect on the formation of a water balance and climate in large territories. Also, wetlands - the last refuge of many rare and endangered species of animals and birds, coented with a person transformed by a person, and the basis for maintaining the traditional nature management of small nations, in particular - the indigenous inhabitants of Western Siberia.
Vasyugan swamps are the largest marsh system in the northern hemisphere, a unique natural phenomenon that has no analogues. They cover about 55 thousand km2 in the northern part of Merrachia Obi and Irtysh on the inclined Vasyugan Plateau, towering in the center of the West Siberian Plain. Peatlands rest on a powerful thicker of clay and drum deposits, excessive moisturizing contributes to their formation.
According to scientists, the swamps appeared in Western Siberia in the early Goloto region (about 10 thousand years ago). Local legends speak about the ancient Vasyugan Sea Lake, but the research of geologists say that a large Vasyugan swamp has occurred not by overgrowing the ancient lakes, but as a result of the offensive of the wetlands on a dust under the action of a wet climate and favorable orographic conditions. Initially, there were 19 separate sections with a total area of \u200b\u200b45 thousand km2 in the place of the current single marsh array, but gradually the quagus absorbed the surroundings, like the onset of the sands of the desert. Today, this region is still a classic example of an active, "aggressive" swamp formation: more than half of its current square were added over the past 500 years, and swamps continue to grow, increasing an average of 800 hectares per year. In the central part there is a more intense growth of the peat upwards, due to which the Vasyugan swamp has a convex shape and towers at 7.5-10 m above the edges; At the same time, the periphery is growing in the area. Vasyugan Swamot 
Large Vasyugan swamp on the junction of South Taiga, the soupes and subband is distinguished by a wide variety of vegetation and inhomogeneous landscape and type of marshes (rigid, low-income and transition). In the landscape, the ridges and stocks, ropes, intrabolic lakes, streams and rivers (tributaries of Irtysh and Ob) alternate.
A variety of marsh landscape is reflected in the local names of individual sites. Thus, "Ryama" denote the sections of Siberian oligotrophic (with low nutrient content, non-fermentation) swamps with pine-shrub-sphagnum (sphagnum mosses - source of peat formation) vegetation. "Shellochki" - individual islands with pine-shrub-sphagnum vegetation (both on the rods) with a diameter of up to several tens of meters, towering over the surface of dying-hypinous swambs by 50-90 cm. "Obsolete" - narrow (1-2 m wide) and Long (up to 1 km long) Plots lying perpendicular to surface runoff and towering over monotonous diesel-hypinous tops by 10-25 cm; On the tires, the birch, pines, Lapland and Rosarinoliste IVA, SROL and leaf-and-stem meters (as in lowering) are growing onto the tires or small groups.
A characteristic feature of Vasyugan swamps are special rational-leather lowland swamps with a polygonal-cellular surface pattern (subspecies of the Grocery-Mountain-Ozerkoy Swamp), dedicated to the windows-like declines on top of the watershed, devoid of flow. Their "geometric ornament" is clearly visible from the aircraft and on aerial photographs. Vasyugan Swamot 
GENERAL INFORMATION
Gigantic wetland system of Western Siberia, the greatest swamp of the northern hemisphere.
Location: In the northern part of Mezzani Ob and Irtysh, on Vasyugan Plateau in the center of the West Siberian Plain.
Administrative belonging: swamp on the border of the Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions, in the northwest comes within the Omsk region.
The origins of the rivers: Left tributaries Ob - Vasyugan, Parabel, Tea, Shegharka, Right Irtysh - Omics and Tara and many others.
Nearest settlements: (Boloto itself is not populated) Kargasok, New Vasyugan, Maysk, Kedrovo, Bacchar, Padino, Parbig, Podgorny, Plotnikovo, etc.
The nearest airports are Tomsk International Airport, Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut.
Area: OK. 55,000 km2.
Extension: from west to east 573 km and from north to south about 320 km.
It feels annually: about 800 hectares.
Average heights: from 116 to 146 m (at the source r. Bakchar), a bias to the north.
Freshwater stocks: up to 400 km3.
Number of small lakes: about 800,000.
The number of rivers and streams originating from peatlands: about 200.
Climate and weather
Continental, wet (excessive moisture zone).
The average annual temperature: -1.6 ° C.
The average temperature of January: -20 ° C (up to -51.3 ° C).
The average temperature of July: + 17 ° С (up to + 36.1 ° C).
The average annual precipitation: 470-500 mm.
Snow Pokrov (40-80 cm) from October to April (an average of 175 days).
ECONOMY
Minerals: peat, oil, natural gas.
Industry: peat-producing, logging, oil and gas (in the western part of the swamp).
Agriculture (on dry areas in the vicinity of swamps): animal husbandry, growing potatoes and vegetables.
Traditional crafts: Hunting and billet, gathering (berries: cranberries, lingonberry, blueberries, cloudberry; medicinal herbs), fisheries.
Field of services: Not developed (potentially ecotourism, extreme tourism, commercial hunting and fishing outside the reserve).
ATTRACTIONS
■ Natural: Vasyugansky biosphere reserve (since 2014, at the stage of consideration of its inclusion in the list of UNESCO facilities; protested 1.6 million hectares in the Novosibirsk region and 509 hectares in the Tomsk region) - on the watershed of Ob-Irtysh interfluve.
■ Animal World: Northern deer, Elk, Bear, Wolverine, Otter, Sable, Beaver, Protein, etc.; Waterfowl, Ceremonic, Ryakchik, White Partridge, Skop, Berkut, Orlan-Belochpotor, Sokol-Sapsan, Kuliki (Kronchneps and Veretenists, including the rare, almost disappeared species - thin-blooded crumb), etc.
■ richest berry grounds: cranberries, lingonberry, cloudberry, blueberries.
■ Cultural and historical (in the vicinity): Museum of the Political Link (Narm).
Curious facts
■ There is a legend about the creation of a fragment of the swamp - a diluted land with small, coarse trees and coarse grass: "On the ground, the water was first completely. God went on her and once met a floating muddy bubble, which burst, and his damn jumped out of it. God commanded the line to go down to the bottom and get the land from there. By performing an order, the features were damaged for both cheeks a little land. In the meantime, God has scattered the land delivered, and where she fell, sushi appeared, and there are trees, bushes and herbs. But the plants began to germinate and in the mouth of the trait, and he, without causing it, began to spit the earth. "
■ In 1882, the West Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society instructed N.P. Grigorovsky to check whether the peasants from the Russian provinces, Old Believers-Raskolniki settled in the Rukovo and Rukovy, As if we were configured by the village, brought a pashney and cattle and live, secretly indulging in their fanatical manty. " According to the report, "726 shower of both sexes, counting here and youngsters, lived according to Vasyugan," and this is over 2000!
■ For 1907, immediately after land reforms of Stolypin, up to 200 thousand family settlers came to the Tomsk province and about 75 thousand walkers in search of land for the economy.
■ For Tomsk, Vasyugan swamps have become the same symbol as a key volcano for Kamchatka or Keelia Waterfall for Karelia.
■ In addition to heavy tracked vehicles, drilling of the taps and oil spills in the production places, the ecological hazard for Vasyugan swamps also represent the incidents of the launch vehicles starting from the Baikonur cosmodrome. They contaminate the environment to the residues of toxic rocket fuel.
■ When entering the gas pipeline Nizhnevartovsk - Parabel - Kuzbass Blue fuel with gas-condensate deposits, Mojdzhinskoe, North-Vasyuganskoye and Luginetskoy came to the houses and Tomsk plants, to Kuzbass enterprises ... But only the residents of the Kargasok district, where this gas is mined, This gas does not receive (according to information from the local site).
■ The Vasyugansky Reserve implies a ban on hunting and logging, and this will deprive the work a significant part of local residents, including many professional hunters. The reserve administration hopes to attract the former hunters in Eger to fight poaching ...
■ Name of the village of Oilnikov New Vasyugan strongly looks at the popular ironic name "New Vasyuki", ascribed by Osta Bender. However, neither in the book, nor in films ("twelve chairs") this name does not appear. Coloring toponym arose in the people of the confused phrase: "Vasyuki is renamed to New Moscow, Moscow - in Old Vashuki."
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Source of material and photo:
Social team
Zemtsov A.A., Savchenko N.V. Modern geoecological state of Vasyugan marsh massif. // e-lib.gasu.ru.
Vasyugan swamp (natural conditions, structure and functioning) / Ed. L. I. Inishva. - Tomsk: TsNTI, 2000. - 136 p.
INISHEVA L. I., Zemtsov A. A., Inishev N. G. Vasyuganskoy Boloto: Study, Structure, Directions of Use // Geography and Natural Resources. 2002. No. 2. P. 84-89.
http://geosfera.info/evropa/russia/1644-vasyuganskie-bolota.html.
Large Vasyugan Swotto: the current state and development processes / under total. ed. M. V. Kabanova. - Tomsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, 2002. - 230 p.
Yezuvenok A. E. On the question of serving part of the Vasyugan swamps // Swamps and biosphere: Materials of the first scientific school (23-26 Sep. 2002). - Tomsk, 2003. - P. 104-107.
I. I. I. I., Kabanov M. V., Kataev S. G., and others. On the influence of Vasyugan Marsh Marsh Maison // Marsh and Biosphere: Materials of the First Scientific School (23-26 Sep. 2002). - Tomsk, 2003. - P. 123-135.
Zdvizhkov M. A. Hydrogeochimia Vasyugan Marsh Massif. - Tomsk, 2005.
Official site of OJSC "West Siberian River Shipping Company".
Fundamental problems of water and water resources: Mater. III IAS. conf. with international. participation (Barnaul, August 24-28, 2010). - Barnaul: Publishing House Art, 2010. - P. 137-140.
Wikipedia website
Vadim Andrianov / Wikipedia.org
Vasyugan swamps are one of the largest on earth. They are in the passfold Ob and Irtysh, in Vasyugan Plain, within the borders of Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions.
Vasyugan swamps are a very interesting natural phenomenon, which is characterized by a variety of landscapes. In 2007, they entered the preliminary list of UNESCO heritage facilities in Russia.
Vasyugan swamps are located in places where small forests go to southern Taiga. Their area has approximately 53,000 square meters. km, which exceeds the territory of some European states. This is approximately two percent of the total area of \u200b\u200ball peat marshes on Earth.
Vasyugan swamps formed about ten thousand years ago and since those times their territory constantly increased. They extend about 570 km from west to east and more than 300 km from the north to south.
Especially quickly, the location of the terrain occurs lately, so, only over the past five hundred years, the territory occupied by the swamps increased by about 75%.
In the warm period of the year, Vasyugan swamps are almost completely impassable for any technique.
The movement of geological parties and freight transportation on the working oil deposits is carried out only in winter.
Flora and fauna Vasyugan swamps
Large Vasyugan Swamp is a house for many animals, among which there are rare. From the mammals here are located, the bear, sable, protein, otter, wolverine and others. Until recently, it was possible to meet the reindeer, but today, most likely, his population completely disappeared. From the birds there are rippers, tetherov, crocks, Berkut, Sapsan, etc.
From plants, medicinal herbs and berries grow here, especially numerous blueberries, cloudberries and cranberries.
Bottle value
Vasyugan swamps have great environmental importance for the entire region, and also performs a number of biosphere functions. They represent a natural reserve for various marsh landscapes and inhabiting flora and fauna.
The total water reserves are approximately 400 cubic kilometers, which makes them an important storage of freshwater. There are numerous small lakes here. In Vasyugan swamps are the origins of the Vasyugan rivers, containers, om, parabey, chijack, yy and some others.
Large Vasyugan swamp contains a significant amount of peat. Only his explored stocks exceed a billion tons. Peat on average lies at a depth of about 2.5 meters. Peat swamps bind carbon, thereby reducing its content in the atmosphere and reducing the greenhouse effect. In addition, swamp vegetation produces oxygen.
Ecological problems
Although there are almost no settlements on Vasyugan swamps and economic activity here is minimal, the person still harms a unique and rather fragile ecosystem.
Among the environmental problems of the region, we can note the deforestation of forests, the production of peat, the development of oil fields, poaching, etc. With the development of local fields, a negative impact on the soils of all-time transport, oil spills and other adverse factors are associated with the development of local deposits.
A serious problem is created by the second steps of rockets that are launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. These steps contaminate the territory of the substance heptil, having a strong toxic effect.
Until recently, almost no attempts on the protection of this unique natural landscape were not taken. Only in 2006, in the east of Vasyugan swamps, the comprehensive reserve "Vasyugansky" was created, the territory of which consists of 5090 square meters. km.
In 2007, they were included in the preliminary list of heritage facilities in Russia. It is understood that the nominated object will include the territory of the existing reserve. There is a question about giving, at least part of the Vasyugan marsh of the reserve status, which would almost exclude any economic activity here.
How to get?
Large Vasyugan swamp is distinguished by its extreme inaccessibility. Before some villages lying on the outskirts can still be reached by car of increased traffic, however, the further path will have to overcome, most likely, only on foot.
It is possible to travel on a tracked all-terrain vehicle, but its use is quite limited due to the wind. There is also the opportunity to inspect air swamps - some of Tomsk travel agencies organize helicopter excursions.
Visiting Vasyugan marshes is quite dangerous and requires some preparation and experience of moving on such places. There are numerous fusions, a huge number of bears are found.
Vasyugan Marsh - Some of the biggest marshes in the world are located in Western Siberia, in the passfold of Ob and Irtysh, in the territory of Vyugansk Plain, located mostly within the Tomsk region, and small parts - Novosibirsk, Omsk regions, Khanty-Mansiysk AO and South Tyumen region.
Vasyugan swamps are impressive with their sizes. The area of \u200b\u200bthis natural zone is approximately 55 thousand square kilometers. This indicator exceeds the size of many countries, such as Estonia, Denmark and Switzerland. The length of the swamp is 320 kilometers from the north to south and 570 kilometers from the west to the east.
According to the calculations of scientists, the dresser of this locality began about 10,000 years ago and continues to this day - over the past 500 years, swamp has increased four times. Local legends speak about the ancient Vasyugan Sea Lake, but the research of geologists say that a large Vasyugan swamp has occurred not by overgrowing the ancient lakes, but as a result of the offensive of the wetlands on a dust under the action of a wet climate and favorable orographic conditions. Initially, there were 19 separate sections with a total area of \u200b\u200b45,000 square meters in the place of the current single marsh array. km, but gradually the quagus absorbed the surroundings, like the offensive of the sands of the desert.
Climate Vasyugan swamp
Vasyugan swamps have a unique vegetable and animal world. The climate in this natural zone is wet and continental. In January, the average temperature is about 20 ° C below zero, and in July - 17 ° C above zero. Snow covers keeps around 175 days a year, and its height ranges from 40 to 80 centimeters. Thanks to this climate, large Vasyugan swamps are a unique nature reserve, where many extinct species of birds and animals live.
Vegetable and animal world of Vasyugan swamps
Wetlands - the last refuge of many rare and endangered species of animals and birds, coated with people transformed by a person, and the basis for maintaining the traditional nature management of small nations, in particular - the indigenous inhabitants of Western Siberia.
Among plants, swamps and lakes are the main value of various medicinal herbs, as well as berries that are abundant on the swamps: cranberries, cloudberry, blueberries, etc.
Vasyugan swamps consider the most different insects, beasts, fish, birds with their own home. During the migration period, waterfowl and suliks stop for recreation.
According to the Institute of Ecology and Systematics of Animals, SB RAS up to 60% of the total amount of ducks, in the period of spring migration, the diffuse front through the marsh systems, and only 40% - according to large river valleys. On the swamps they will come with the nests of pleasures and crumbs, various birds of prey, including Sapsan. It was on Vasyugan Plain that the last time was seen a fine-frozen krchnepa, which is considered a practically disappeared view of the feathery.
In places where the swamps border with forests and lie rivers and lakes, moose, minks, sable, otters, there are rams and pleahari. Until the mid-80s of the last century, northern deer met the swamps, but today their population has practically disappeared. In the tributaries of rivers, originating from Vasyugan swamps, there are about 20 species of fish. In recent years, bream, Sudak, Sazan, Supil have become often in local reservoirs. Vulnerable and rare fish species in the area are Nelma, Pel'l, Midhog, Russh.
In the summer, the swamps are practically impassable even for specialized equipment. Cargo transportation on oilfields and geological explorations are carried out in winter.
The meaning of Vasyugan swamp
Vasyugan swamps have great environmental importance for the entire region, and also performs a number of biosphere functions. They represent a natural reserve for various marsh landscapes and inhabiting flora and fauna.
The total water reserves are approximately 400 cubic kilometers, which makes them an important storage of freshwater. There are numerous small lakes here. In Vasyugan swamps are the origins of the Vasyugan rivers, containers, om, parabey, chijack, yy and some others.
In addition, the terrain is rich in peat. As studies show, famous deposits contain a little over 1 billion tons of useful breed. It is about 2% of world stocks. The average depth of the peat is 2.4 meters, and the maximum is 10 meters.
Do not forget that the basic function of the marshes is the purification of the atmosphere. It is for this reason that they are also called a "natural filter". It is worth noting that the peat Vasyugan swamp absorbs toxic substances, binds carbon, saturates air oxygen and prevents the formation of a greenhouse effect.
Environmental problems Vasyugan swamps
Although there are almost no settlements on Vasyugan swamps and economic activity here is minimal, the person still harms a unique and rather fragile ecosystem.
Among the environmental problems of the region, we can note the deforestation of forests, the production of peat, the development of oil fields, poaching, etc. With the development of local fields, a negative impact on the soils of all-time transport, oil spills and other adverse factors are associated with the development of local deposits.
A serious problem is created by the second steps of rockets that are launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. These steps contaminate the territory of the substance heptil, having a strong toxic effect.
Until recently, almost no attempts on the protection of this unique natural landscape were not taken. Only in 2006, in the east of Vasyugan swamps, the comprehensive reserve "Vasyugansky" was created, the territory of which consists of 5090 square meters. km.
Vasyugan swamps are located in places where small forests go to southern Taiga. The area of \u200b\u200bthis swamp is the greatest in the world and is about 53-55 thousand square meters. km, which exceeds the sizes of such European countries as Switzerland, Denmark or Estonia. The size of the swamps in length is approximately 570 per 320 km, it is truly huge. This is approximately two percent of the total area of \u200b\u200ball peat marshes on Earth.
Vasyugan swamps formed about ten thousand years ago and since those times their territory constantly increased. They extend about 570 km from west to east and more than 300 km from the north to south.
Especially quickly, the location of the terrain occurs lately, so, only over the past five hundred years, the territory occupied by the swamps increased by about 75%.
In the warm period of the year, Vasyugan swamps are almost completely impassable for any technique.
The movement of geological parties and freight transportation on the working oil deposits is carried out only in winter.
How the swamp appeared
According to scientists, the location of the terrain began approximately 10 thousand years ago. But the growth of swamps does not stop now. Over the past 500 years, the natural zone has increased by about 4 times. There is a legend where the ancient Vasyugan Sea Lake is mentioned. However, studies have shown that this natural zone was formed not as a result of water-wetlands. In this case, everything happened for another reason. The unique natural zone was formed as a result of the attack on the sort of swamps. It happened under the action of favorable orographic conditions, as well as a wet climate.
Initially, there were 19 sections on the site of the swamp. Their area was approximately 45 thousand square kilometers. However, the clog gradually absorbed the surrounding lands. This can be compared with the onset of the sands of the sands. It is worth noting that the Vasyugan swamp is a classic example of "aggressive" and active swamp formation.
Legend of creation
There is a legend about the creation of Vasyugan swamps, according to which only water was first on Earth, and nothing more. The Lord went on the water and noticed how the muddy bubble floats on the surface, from which the features suddenly jumped out. The Lord ordered the hell to go deep on the bottom and get the earth.
During the execution of this order, the damn scored and hid a little land for both cheeks. God scattered the land delivered to the bottom, and it was in those places where she fell, sushi appeared with lush vegetation. But the plants began to germinate not only on land, but also in the mouth at the very line, and he, without causing it, began to spit the earth.
Climate swamp
The climate in this natural zone is wet and continental. In January, the average temperature is about 20 ° C below zero, and in July - 17 ° C above zero. Snow covers keeps around 175 days a year, and its height ranges from 40 to 80 centimeters. Thanks to this climate, a large Vasyugan swamp is a unique nature reserve, where many extinct species of birds and animals live.
Flora and fauna Vasyugan swamps
Vasyugan swamps - a house for numerous local fauna, including rare. In the swamps inhabit, in particular, the reindeer, the Berkut, Orlan-Belochvost, Skop, Gray Sorokoput, Sapsan. In significant quantities there are proteins, moose, sables, debris, white partridges, rumble glands, tetherov, in smaller quantities of mink, otter, wolverine. Flora also includes rare and endangered plant species and plant communities. From Dijoros are widespread: cranberries, blueberries, cloudberry.
Now the animal and vegetable world of swamps is under threat due to the development of the territory in the exploration and operation of oil and gas fields. While the falling second steps of launch vehicles starting from the Baikonur cosmodrome, which contribute to the territory of the unburned heptila.
In the summer, the swamps are practically impassable even for specialized equipment. Cargo transportation on oilfields and geological explorations are carried out in winter.
Bottle value
Vasyugan swamps have great environmental importance for the entire region, and also performs a number of biosphere functions. They represent a natural reserve for various marsh landscapes and inhabiting flora and fauna.
The total water reserves are approximately 400 cubic kilometers, which makes them an important storage of freshwater. There are numerous small lakes here. In Vasyugan swamps are the origins of the Vasyugan rivers, containers, om, parabey, chijack, yy and some others.
In addition, the terrain is rich in peat. As studies show, famous deposits contain a little over 1 billion tons of useful breed. It is about 2% of world stocks. The average depth of the peat is 2.4 meters, and the maximum is 10 meters.
Do not forget that the basic function of the marshes is the purification of the atmosphere. It is for this reason that they are also called a "natural filter". It is worth noting that the peat Vasyugan swamp absorbs toxic substances, binds carbon, saturates air oxygen and prevents the formation of a greenhouse effect.
Ecological problems
Although there are almost no settlements on Vasyugan swamps and economic activity here is minimal, the person still harms a unique and rather fragile ecosystem.
Among the environmental problems of the region, we can note the deforestation of forests, the production of peat, the development of oil fields, poaching, etc. With the development of local fields, a negative impact on the soils of all-time transport, oil spills and other adverse factors are associated with the development of local deposits.
A serious problem is created by the second steps of rockets that are launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. These steps contaminate the territory of the substance heptil, having a strong toxic effect.
Until recently, almost no attempts on the protection of this unique natural landscape were not taken. Only in 2006, in the east of Vasyugan swamps, the comprehensive reserve "Vasyugansky" was created, the territory of which consists of 5090 square meters. km.
In 2007, they were included in the preliminary list of heritage facilities in Russia. It is understood that the nominated object will include the territory of the existing reserve. There is a question about giving, at least part of the Vasyugan marsh of the reserve status, which would almost exclude any economic activity here.
How to get?
Large Vasyugan swamp is distinguished by its extreme inaccessibility. Before some villages lying on the outskirts can still be reached by car of increased traffic, however, the further path will have to overcome, most likely, only on foot.
It is possible to travel on a tracked all-terrain vehicle, but its use is quite limited due to the wind. There is also the opportunity to inspect air swamps - some of Tomsk travel agencies organize helicopter excursions.
Visiting Vasyugan marshes is quite dangerous and requires some preparation and experience of moving on such places. There are numerous fusions, a huge number of bears are found.
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