Despite the fact that testosterone is not alien to the body (it is produced there in natural form) attempts to adjust its level with its artificial analogue - anabolic steroids - are fraught with serious health consequences.
According to its action, steroids are really worthy of admiration, they are creating miracles, but our world works: the miracle is usually the price. The price of using steroids is the risk of losing health.
Numerous scientific research confirms the harm of steroids, the presence of side effects, many of which are beyond the scope of popular opinions and myths.
We prepared one of the most complete Runet of the List of the consequences and side effects of the use of anabolic steroids, compiled on the basis of reliable scientific facts.
The main reason for the occurrence of side effects of steroids is their reception in large doses, significantly exceeding the natural level of testosterone in the body and medical prescriptions (10-100 times), as well as combination with other preparations of sports pharmacology, which is common practice.
The problem concerns predominantly lovers athletes who do not have knowledge of pharmacology and related to the opinions of vendors and "handicraft" experts.
Most side effects are studied directly on users, without requiring research experiments: for scientists, such studies would be impossible for the considerations of medical ethics.
Another non-obvious reason for increasing the degree of risk in the use of steroids is their movement to the list of illegal drugs.
The situation is very similar to the one that is observed in the drug market. The prohibition of distribution and application always leads to the development of the black market for the sale of drugs, which are manufactured in underground laboratories in the third world countries and obviously have very poor quality.
"Over the past 20 years in the United States, thanks to the effective operation of law enforcement agencies, the sale of illegal steroids moved to a black market.
It in turn does the use of steroids is even more dangerousSince those drugs that are present on the market (us about the USA) are produced in other countries and are imported by smuggling (often from Mexico) or manufactured in underground laboratories.
In any case, they do not comply with safety standards and can be chemically contaminated, and therefore is doubly dangerous to health."
The situation in the markets of our countries is not much better.
Most of the steroids sold on the market are carried out underground or imports smuggling \u003d\u003e there is no quality control, the risk for health is doubled
Anabolic steroids: consequences of use
The use of anabolic steroids is accompanied by serious side effectswhich affect a number of organs and systems.
Special concern is their effect on the cardiovascular system, blood, psyche, as well as hormonal and metabolic changes.
Some physiological and psychological side effects of the use of steroids can potentially manifest itself in everyone who takes them, others are specific for men and women. The list below is not exhaustive.
Specific for men side effects:
- breast growth (mammary glands);
- reducing testicles;
- impotence;
- reducing sperm production.
Women's specific side effects:
- flaws;
- termination of breast development;
- hair growth on face, stomach and top of the back;
- an increase in the clitoris;
- violation of the menstrual cycle.
The effects of steroids are characteristic of both men and women:
- acne or "acne" (very much);
- increased risk of breaking tendons due to the fact that the ligaments do not have time to acquire the fortress according to muscle mass; Very often, the rupture of tendons is observed after the end of the steroids.
- baldness;
- disorders of the liver function and the development of cancer tumors;
- in the case of taking steroids, adolescents - growth delay (due to the closure of long bone growth centers) and development (including sex), as well as the risk of future health problems;
- an increase in the level of "bad" cholesterol (low density lipoproteins);
- reducing the level of "good" cholesterol (high density lipoproteins);
- high blood pressure (hypertension);
- cardiovascular diseases;
- aggressive behavior, anger or violence;
- mental disorders, such as depression;
- drug addiction;
- infections or diseases such as HIV or hepatitis, in drug injections;
- increased aggressiveness and sexual attraction, which can lead to anomalous sexual and criminal behavior;
- the refusal to use anabolic steroids may be accompanied by depression, and in some cases suicide.
Anabolic steroids: photo and video side effects
Below we give photos and videos of some side effects that occur when using steroids. Information from the website of the American Anti-Doping Agency (www.usada.org).
Acne ("acne")
Baldness in men
Breast growth in men
Women baldness
Stop growth in adolescents
Lubling of the face and hair growth on the face of women
1 Cardiovascular Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids
For many decades of the history of doping use (mainly steroids), scientists and doctors fixed a variety of side effects of steroids on the cardiovascular system of athletes:
- cardiomyopathy;
- myocardial infarction;
- strokes;
- violations of vessels;
- blood coagulation disorders.
Recent major scientific reviews collected all these effects in a bunch, and some were confirmed by scientific experiments. We will give the most important and reliable of them.
Important: In one of the recent studies of corpses, 87 men who used steroids was found that all of them the mass of the heart was much larger than the ordinary peopleEven taking into account the adjustment on body weight and age.
Another study of the 4th corpses of users of steroids after death due to heart failure showed hypertrophy of the ventricles of the heart (increasing size), associated with the increasing mass of the heart muscle, and fibrosis (the growth of connective tissue, which, as a rule, is the result of chronic inflammation) 5.
In athletes on steroids, the mass of the heart is greater, but not due to an increase in the mass of the heart muscle, but the growth of the connective tissue
Studies of electrical conductivity of the heart muscle in athletes on steroids showed reducing the electrical stability of the heart, abnormal functioning of the heart tone regulation system and violation of the ventricular repolarization of the heart; The last find was also demonstrated on rats, which "fed" steroids.
IMPORTANT: And, perhaps, the most important and serious side effect: numerous studies using different techniques showed that athletes (both lovers and professionals) "on steroids" develops cardiomyopathy - Structural and functional changes of the heart muscle 6.
Another study showed the deterioration of the elasticity of Aorta For those who use steroids. Such changes can be very serious, but can also be reversible (at least partially) after refusing to eat steroids. However, one of the possible causes of elasticity loss can be an increase in the content of connective tissue in it as a result of damage to steroid cells. In this case, the process is most likely irreversible 7 .
One of the most serious and dangerous consequences of steroids - cardiomyopathy - structural and functional changes of the heart muscle
In addition to direct action on the heart muscle, steroids can cause dislipidemia, i.e. Violation of the ratio of "bad" cholesterol of high density and "good" low-density cholesterol. It is fraught with an increase in the risk of developing atherosclerosis ("blockage" of vessels). Effect especially characteristic of oral steroids 8 .
In one of the studies of 14 professional weightlifters, for a long time of consumed steroids, was detected significant higher calcium content in coronary arteries (Those vessels that feed the heart itself) than normal. Atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels is the likely cause of many known cases of heart attacks and strokes in young guys who consumed steroids 9.
The "blocking" of the vessels that feed the heart itself is the most likely cause of most deaths of young people "on steroids" because of heart attacks and strokes. Especially characteristic of oral steroids
2 Mental Side Effects of Steroids
Modern science mainly accumulates materials about mental (and other) side effects of using steroids, sometimes conducting their own experiments that do not deserve confidence due to the delicacy of the subject. The main sources of the facts of steroids are:
- interviews of steroid users, including those who parallel with them "indulges" drugs;
- comparisons of the mental state of athletes "on steroids" with normal athletes;
- long-term observations of the same athletes and comparison of the mental state during the intervals of steroids and "rest" from them.
The most frequent mental implications of steroids:
- hypolomicality or manicity;
- irritability;
- aggressiveness;
- excessive self-confidence;
- hyperactivity;
- reckless behavior, and sometimes the loss of a sense of reality (behavior inappropriate the environment);
- symptoms of acute depression during the refusal of steroids (depressed mood, loss of interest in ordinary activities, increased drowsiness, loss of appetite, loss of libido and, extreme degree, is a tendency to suicide).
The mental effects listed above are manifested individually; Most of the "steroids" only have some of them and only in a very small part - serious degrees of deviations.
Important: In general, behavioral deviations are characteristic of those who use large doses steroids, equivalent\u003e 1000 mg testosterone per week 10.
Mental deviations are characteristic of athletes who consume large doses of steroids, equivalent\u003e 1000 mg of testosterone per week
To predict what specifically mental consequences will result in the use of steroids from a particular person - it is impossible. Moreover, scientists talk about existence individual sensitivity as to excess testosterone in the bloodand to refuse to eat.
Some observations of athletes "on steroids" celebrate very aggressive or violent behavior For those who, before the start of the course of steroids, did not show and signs of something like. For example: committing a murder or an attempt to murder from before healthy people or the manifestation of another uncharacteristic for a person of aggressive behavior.
All the above facts are collected - the result of observations "in the field" for real athletes using steroids.
Strict scientific experiments on the study of the effect of using steroids on the mental state of people were also conducted. However, in almost all of them (probably due to safety reasons for experimental), maximum doses of testosterone did not exceed 300 mg per week - this significantly less than usually used by athletes on steroid courseswhich make up about 500 mg per week, and often more than 1000 mg per week. Therefore, the results of such studies do not deserve attention and trust.
The results of scientific research of the consequences of the use of steroids on mental health do not deserve confidence, since all of them are used by gentle doses of steroids, far from those who take athletes in reality. Indicative are only observations of athletes in the "field"
In several experiments, mental symptoms were studied in patients who received 500 mg testosterone per week. Of 109 men 5 (4.6%) demonstrated hypologia syndromes or mania. Almost all men were observed increase in aggressiveness in response to provocations 11 .
Deviations in behavior with the use of large doses of steroids are due mainly to their action on certain brain departments
In animals (rats, monkeys), the same thing is observed: steroids lead to protective and attacking aggression, dominant behavior, anxiety, sensitivity to other prohibited drugs, drugs, in particular opioids.
3 Consequences of Steroids: Development Development
Important: Approximately 30% of steroid users are developing dependence on them 2.4.
Approximately 30 people from 100 that use steroids develops addiction
Unlike most other drugs that cause dependence, but first delivered to the "buzz", when using steroids, inxiating effect is absent; The main goal, according to which they are taken - postponed remuneration in the form of an increase in muscle mass and reducing fat deposits. In spite of this, dependence on steroids can become chronic and dangerous disorder. There are three mechanisms for its development 12:
1 "I want to look like he / she"
Many amateur athletes begin to take steroids because they want to quickly transform, gain muscle mass and remove fat. It all starts, probably, with the desire to become like someone (according to different reasons: likes, girls, etc.) against the background of a strong inconsistency "I am the present" "I am welcome" 13.
Such a condition is very particularly caused by the use of steroids. Further, as it uses, people with such problems often flow into extreme concerns and anxiety that if they stop using steroids, then the muscular mass "blows away" and everything will return to its seats 12. Here is the addiction and formed.
2 Suppression of natural testosterone synthesis
These are factors of the influence of steroids on the nervous system and the thyroid gland. The use of steroids leads to the suppression of the mechanisms of natural testosterone production, in which certain brain and testicle departments are involved. This can lead to a significant reduction in its natural synthesis in the body after the end of the steroids 14.
To avoid this, athletes-steroids use various methods to complete the course of steroids. In particular, take klomifin (Clomiphene) or human Growth Hormon Gonadropin At the end of the steroids. But even when using these methods that really work, the suppression of natural testosterone production is observed within a few weeks or months after the termination of the use of steroids 15.
Related symptoms of fatigue, loss of libido and depression may induce some users to quickly resume the use of steroids to get rid of them.
3 Steroids are drugs ...
Some animal research suggests that steroids may stimulate certain brain departments that are responsible for pleasure. This gives the effect similar to those that occurs when drug use 16.
4 Consequences of steroids: neurotoxicity
Important: Scientific studies suggest that when the testosterone level is higher than the natural, then the death of some types of cells, in particular, the neural cells of the brain 17, but not only. This was also confirmed in research and animals, in one of which, after the introduction of steroids, the rats occurred a clear loss of spatial memory. In general, scientific data is likely to confirm the risk of development irreversible mental deviations Those who use steroids for a long time 18.
Scientific evidence suggests that with prolonged use of steroids may develop irreversible mental deviations.
In the study on people with the participation of 31 weightlifts "on steroids" and 13 who do not use them, the researchers discovered a significant shortage of visual and spatial memory in those who "on steroids"; Moreover, the degree of this deficit is largely due to the total duration of the use of steroids during life 3.
In this way, steroid toxicity for brain cells is obvious and requires further study.
5 The effects of steroids: influence on the function of the thyroid
As we have already spoken, steroids clearly suppress the function of the thyroid gland 19. At the end of the long-term course of steroids (several months or more), the functions of the thyroid gland can remain depressed for several months or even 20 years; Some people have a normal natural testosterone level already never restore.
The use of steroids leads to the suppression of the functions of the thyroid gland, which is not restored for months, years, and in some cases - never. This leads to a low natural level of testosterone
In addition, steroids can have a toxic effect on the seeds, sometimes irreversible 21. As a result, there is a decrease or complete cessation of the production of a number of hormones (except Testosterone). This state is corrected, several studies report successful treatment with clomiphene, gonadotropin human growth hormone. However, there are cases when these methods have not worked.
In general, today the systemic studies in the treatment of violation of the hormonal function due to the use of steroids. The suppression of hormone production is naturally using steroids can lead to a violation of the function of creating sperm with sementes, infertility in men and women, irregularity of menstruation in women.
6 The effects of steroids: the spread of infectious diseases
In addition to direct side effects of using steroids, athletes-steroids are susceptible to infectious diseases associated with the use of infected needles, contaminated drugs manufactured in a black market or other.
Although the joint use of an injection needles is not typical for modern athletes, a recent interview on the Internet found that 65 of 500 steroid users (13%) confirmed sharing needles for injection, reuse of needles and sharing of the same syringe with several doses of steroids for introducing several people. Given the fact that the Internet users participating in surveys are usually more educated and more consistent than the general population of athletes "on steroids", the above figures are probably far from reality 1.
Therefore, it is not surprising that various infectious complications were recorded in the scientific literature when using steroids, including:
- pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through blood;
- hepatitis B and C;
- skin infections;
- soft fabric infections.
The main reason for all of them is the Golden Staphylococcus Aureus bacterium.
The first case of HIV-infection by the user of the stretch is recorded almost 30 years ago, further in the United States and Europe.
Cases of infection with hepatitis B and from 22 are also common.
The greatest risk of HIV transmission and other diseases of the users of stretch is associated with the sharing of needles for injection. This in turn explains very popular among Testosterone and Nandrolone athleteswhich are introduced intravenously.
Among the athletes on steroids, the practice of sharing a needle, which is the cause of HIV infection, hepatitis B and with
Nevertheless, the unsafe practice of using needles is only one possible risk factor of HIV infection and other infectious diseases. The study of homosexuals in London's gym found that athletes-homosexual steroids, unlike non-steroids, are significantly more commonly engaged in anal unprotected sex with unknown partners 23. Given the fact that steroids are widespread among homosexuals, both illegally and on the prescription of the doctor for the treatment of exhaustion syndrome associated with HIV infection, the likelihood of HIV spread among them is high, both through needles and sexual connections.
Among users of steroids, a lot of those who were imprisoned in prison, and the facts talk about the increased risk of hepatitis and HIV among prisoners,
And last. Professional athletes using stretchs are more common infections of soft tissues and abscesses 24 .
7 The effects of steroids: the impact of stretch on other organs and systems
1 Blood
The use of steroids leads to an increase in hemoglobin (tolerates oxygen to cells) and the concentration of red blood taurus is proportional to the dose. Steroids stimulate the production of red blood cells, increasing the sensitivity to erythropoetina (hormone, which is highlighted by the kidneys and regulates the rate of formation of red blood cells) 25.
2 Muscles
Important: athletes of weightlifters and bodybuilders, when using steroids can be observed rabdomiozz 26 is a condition in which damaged muscle fibers are very quickly destroyed, which is accompanied by muscle pain, weakness, vomiting and confusion; At the same time, urine has the color of tea, the heart rhythm is irregular. This condition in turn can lead to an increase in creatinine levels in the urine, reducing the renal filtering rate, and sometimes developing acute renal failure 27 .
In one of the recent studies, kidney problems (inflammation) were recorded in 10 athletes, often using steroids 28.
3 Liver
The use of steroids can sometimes lead to inxication of the liver, with consequences, in the form of Peliosis Hepatis: the formation of a cyst (cavities) in the liver filled with blood, as well as various types of cancer and liver tumors 29-30.
IMPORTANT: Almost all side effects associated with liver intoxication are caused oral steroids 17α-Alkylated 31.
Liver intoxication is most often caused by oral steroids.
In general, the damage to steroids for the liver and the frequency of cases of intoxication is exaggerated.
4 Tendon
Important: the use of steroids can lead to adverse side effects of the musculoskeletal system, in particular razm to tendons. The tendon is often torn after the end of the steroids. This is explained by the fact that the muscular power of hypertrophied muscles increases very quickly and the ligaments do not have time to grow, as well as the influence of steroids on the structure of the tendons 32.
Steroids can adversely affect immune system, lungs, as well as, to other organs and systems, cause abundant education "acne" (acne). Science still has limited facts in these spheres.
When using steroids and after the end of the course, the tendons may take place that do not have time to get rid of muscular power accordingly.
5 Steroids and cancer
Also exists little evidence of communication between steroids and cancerExcept for rare messages about liver cancer, eggs and kidneys. There is no clear evidence that the use of steroids causes prostate cancer; There are only two clinical cases of prostate cancer in bodybuilders, both fixed more than 20 years ago. Nevertheless, the likelihood of using large doses of steroids in adolescence can occur genetic changes that increase the likelihood of cancer development (including prostate) at a later age.
Compeced evidence of the relationship of steroids with the development of cancer
Given that we live during when those who are once at the beginning of the era of using steroids (in 1980s) were pioneers, then very soon, science and medicine will be able to give more specific answers in the effect of steroids on prostate cancer and others. side effects.
8 drugs, steroids and alcohol
The use of steroids is very often happening together with other classical drugs, such as opiates, for example.
For what?
The effect of muscle buildup when using steroids is significantly enhanced under the condition of intensive workouts. The combination of steroids with drugs helps to train despite pain in the muscles and joints.
As a result, narcotic dependence on opium is developing. According to statistics, among all drug addicts a large percentage of those who use steroids 33. Approximately 50% of such people have mental disorders 12.
Athletes on steroids often begin to use drugs in order to reduce pain in training for even greater muscle growth stimulation
Scientists also found the relationship between the use of steroids and alcohol in humans and rats. Chronic reception of steroids rats leads to an increase in alcohol sensitivity. The reason is that when using steroids, a change in certain bonds between amino acids in the brain department is responsible for the pleasure. This manifests itself in increased alcohol sensitivity and growth of desire for its use 34-36. A similar effect is seen in relation to cocaine 37 and amphetamine 38 in rats pumped by large doses of steroids.
The use of steroids with analgesics (to reduce pain) or stimulants provoke training in very high loads, which can lead to serious injury.
The use of steroids leads to an increase in alcohol sensitivity and an increase in the desire to use
| Consequences and side effects of steroids | |
|---|---|
| Organ / system | Degree of seriousness / probability of manifestation |
| The cardiovascular system | |
| Atherosclerosis | ++ |
| Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) | ++ |
| Conditional Muscle Electric Conduction | + |
| Violation of blood intake | + |
| Polycythemia (abnormal increase in hemoglobin in blood or by increasing the number of erythrocytes, or reduced blood plasma volume) | + |
| Hypertension (injection of blood pressure) | + |
| Neuroendocrine System (Men) | |
| Suppression of hormonal activity of the thyroid house, termination or a significant reduction in the hormonal activity of the seeds and testicles | ++ |
| Gynecomastia (chest growth) | + |
| Prostate hypertrophy (increase in size) | +/- |
| Prostate cancer | +/- |
| Violation of masculinization sessions (manifestations of male signs) | + |
| Neuroendocrine system (women) | |
| Side effects of different organs and systems | ++ |
| Psychoneurological system | |
| Behavioral violations: mania (strong arousal, euphoria, nonsense and increased activity), gipmania (average steppe mania), depression | ++ |
| Aggression, violence | + |
| Dependence on steroids | ++ |
| The death of nerve cells, violation of cognitive ability | +/- |
| Liver | |
| Inflammation and cholestatic effect (violation of the arrival of bile) | + |
| Pelician hepatitis (rarely, the formation of cavities in the liver filled with blood) | + |
| Education of tumors | + |
| Muscles / skeleton | |
| Premature closure of growth centers in adolescents | + |
| Rule of tendons | + |
| Kidney | |
| Violation of the function of the kidneys, a consequence of rabbdomyolysis (muscle destruction) | + |
| Focal segmental glomerosclerosis (violation of the filtering ability of the kidneys) | + |
| Education of tumors | + |
| The immune system | |
| Suppression of immune function | +/- |
| Leather | |
| Acne (acne) | + |
| Stria (Stretch) | + |
(++) - reliably confirmed, serious consequences; (+) - reliably confirmed, but either not always manifest, or cause not very serious consequences; (+/-) - Not well studied and confirmed, some probability of manifestation
Scientific references
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Anabolic steroids are drugs that are used in medicine with various pathologies caused by a violation of protein metabolism, as well as excessive losses of the main salts. Most often we are talking about diseases of the digestive system, overall exhaustion for heavy and long pathologies.
In their ability to build muscle mass, people dealt with various sports, especially bodybuilders. But, in addition to the positive effect, it turned out that anabolics create a number of significant health problems. One of the dangers of towing a person lies in the abuse of anabolic steroids, mainly on the preferences, mental dependence.
What drugs relate to anabolic steroids
All medicines included in this group contain men's sex hormones in their composition - androgens.
The most used anabolics:
- Metandentenolon (Sin. - Non-Owl, Vanabol);
- Fenobolin (Sin. - Nobolil, Unabol);
- Retabolil (Sin. - Abolon, Eubolin);
- Sybolin.
What is the effect of anabolics on the human body
Steroids are able to delay nitrogen, calcium, potassium, sulfur. Due to this, they affect the protein exchange, causing enhanced growth of muscle tissue and the development of force at regular loads. At the same time, anabolics reduce body fat depot.
note: Without physical activity, this effect is observed only in a slight degree.
Reception of drugs possesses:
In which cases are prescribed anabolic steroids
In the practice of clinical medicine, the effects of these drugs have found an application with chronic inflammatory-degenerative pathologies in the intestines, liver, pancreas. Including, their reception provided an anesthetic effect. Some anabolics are able to regulate the exchange of enzymes (trypsin, amylases).
Side effects and complications
In children and adolescents, the abuse of anabolic steroids causes a slowdown in the growth process, up to a complete termination. On the skin often develops, the hair cover on the head becomes rare, foci of baldness appear ().
Men who do so apply these medicines, can children, due to the violation of the structure and functional activity of spermatozoa. The depressing effect on the tissue of the egg leads to a decrease in their size. Often develops - irreversible growth of breast glasses in the female type.
In women, on the contrary, there is a process of masculinization (the formation of structural male forms). The voice is stuck, the hair growth on the face and the body begins, increases in the size of the clitoris.
Abuse of anabolic steroids leads to problems with the liver (there is a toxic,). This process is manifested by development. The damage to the pancreas causes and. The skin becomes rude, there is an increased highlighting secrets of sweat and sebaceous glands.
note: The oppression of the functions of the immune system contributes to the development of respiratory infections. Microporezes, injuries and wounds do not heal for a long time, are subjected to the formation of erosions and ulcers.
The heart, due to disproportionately enhanced growth, increases in size, causing muscle nutrition and the development of necrotic foci with rapid formation, pain attacks and. Against this background, repeated cases of sudden stopping of the heart with a fatal outcome are described.
Often, in patients using anabolics, a binder tendon unit is traumatous due to the disproportionate load on them created by powerful muscles.
Preparations are taken inward, injection into muscle tissue, or to Vienna.
note: Anabolic steroids are used in the form of cycles with interruptions between them.
In the event of suction of the substance in the stomach and intestines, it affects more stronger destructive effect on liver cells. At the same time, steroids are quickly removed, which is important with possible doping control. Intravenous administration is less toxic for the liver. But often unprofessionally made injection and violation of sterility rules causes the patient the inflammation of the veins (phlebitis), thrombotic complications, infection with infections, including.
Development of dependence on abuse of anabolic steroids
Steroids do not possess direct psychoactive effect. There is no direct damaging effect on the CNS and brain cells.
note: All people taking these drugs, especially not with therapeutic purposes, receive a peculiar dependence on them. Especially young people, athletes who use steroids to achieve sports results and to form the structure of their body.
It should be noted that the main groups of Consumers of Anabolikov are currently no longer professional athletes. Since the 70s of the last century, medicines possessing anabolic activity have been attributed to the doping class, which significantly reduced their application among athletes undergoing international competitions. But in the amateur sphere, as well as among bodybuilders, steroids occupy an important place.
The body's cult, dominating over a healthy lifestyle, leads to an uncontrolled reception of drugs with one goal - self-examination, self-expulsion, a certain version of narcissism. The human psyche is rebuilt, the moral criteria are distorted. Health goes to the background. This phenomenon is particularly harmful at a young age when bodybuilding begins to engage in young people with inferiority complexes. They often have the need to get ahead of their age and development. The overestimated plank of the set goal becomes unattainable for its own capabilities and carries negative health effects.
A pronounced dependence on steroids is developing. In the mechanism of its development, in addition to personal motives, psychological inteducation also plays.
In the social behavior of dependent people, aggressive forms of communication, stubbornness, conflict, tendency to dispute resolution of situations are beginning to prevail. For any reason, an outbreak of irritation may occur. With joint communication of such individuals, violent actions accompanied by risk often occur.
Cancellation syndrome
The refusal of steroids means in this case the loss of personal orientation, goals. The termination of the drug reception is regarded as a movement back, physical and mental degradation.
It is not surprising that if for any reason the dependent person has to leave the admission of anabolics, then he has characteristic complaints. The manifestations described below are regarded as the first phase of the cancellation syndrome , And last about one week.
Patients develop:
Second phase of cancellation syndrome It may take several months, most often six months.
For her are characteristic:
- sleep disorders;
- asthenia, fatigue, thoughts about their own inferiority;
- loss of appetite, with visible weight loss;
- thoughts and desires of return to the reception of anabolic steroids.
Cancellation syndrome can develop in athletes and in the period between cyclic. To prevent it, patients are forced to use small doses in the interval between the cycles. The second motive of intericyclic reception is to prevent the decline in anabolic effect. Naturally, such an attitude further aggravates the dependence and strengthens complications.
Treatment dependence
The existing dependency requires the help of a psychiatric profile. Specialists of narcologists can provide its most effectively. In most cases, hospital treatment is not required. In addition to situations with suicidal episodes, thoughts, psychosis. In this case, patients are needed for the first time of therapy.
The cessation of acceptance of anabolic steroids can be simultaneous, or gradual. The option of refusal is considered individually, given all the peculiarities of a particular patient, its age, habits, character, temperament, anabolic experience.
With emotional instability, a choleric type of behavior is required. Determined duration, dose and multiplicity of admission. In the case of pronounced depressive states - selected.
note: The basis of the therapeutic effect is psychotherapy.
With patients, repeated explanatory and motivational conversations are underway, in which the emphasis is done on the methods of belief. When the initial lack of understanding between the patient-doctor will be overcome, and the patient is aware of its fullestly, then it will be possible to move to the practice of suggestion. This goal is best answered by hypnotic impact.
Rolelike therapy plays great importance, rational forms of belief. Especially in groups in which there are participants who are at different stages of treatment, from beginners to those who have already been freed against dependence. The first to receive a powerful feeding of the result they saw, and the second consolidate their success with the desire to assist people with a similar problem.
It is very important to find the ability to preserve patients with physical activity and maintaining forms.
The aggressive types of thinking require the participation of a psychologist who can help a person to gain his real essence, "crushed" abuse of anabolic steroids with the help of aesthetic types of exposure.
With a prophylactic goal in the future, patients should periodically take place consultation of the psychologist and non-drugs of supporting therapy - laser support, acupuncture. Forecast after qualified treatment is favorable.
Lotin Alexander, Medical Observer
Anabolic steroids (anabolics) are pharmacological preparations, synthesized on the basis of testosterone. Substances have been widely used in sports and bodybuilding due to the ability to accelerate protein synthesis. And the protein is the main component of muscle tissue.
Steroids are one of the main doping. To enhance sports results, a long term course consumption is required.
The action of pharmacological analogues stosterone is divided into anabolic (the ability to increase muscle mass and strengthen the bones) and androgenic (the appearance of men's secondary sexual signs and features). Like any pharmacological agents, anabolics cause the development of adverse reactions and unwanted phenomena in abuse. Since biology and physiology in men and women are different, then some side effects of steroids differ.
Features of sides in women and men
The amount of testosterone in the male body is 10-35 times higher than in the female. Therefore, the androgen effect of men is not so noticeable as women. The most common side effects from use of steroids among men:
Ø Reducing Egg Size
Ø Low amount of spermatozoa
Ø Prostate cancer risk
Ø infertility
Ø Violation of urination
Ø irreversible increase in chest
Ø baldness
The consequences of the steroid course and the increase in testosterone in the feminine body leads to the development of virilization and masculinization.
Virilization - The process of pronounced manifestation of the traits characteristic of men. The symptoms of virilization that are associated with the reception of Anabolikov, include the following:
Ø
Excessive development of musculature
Ø acne rash
Ø
Increased work of the sebaceous glands
Ø infertility
Ø
No ovulation
Ø
Spontaneous abortion
Ø
Disruption of menstrual cycles
Ø
Atrophy and diseases of the mammary glands
Masculinization - Acquisition of a woman of physiological traits characteristic of men. Process characterized by such manifestations:
Ø
Changing voice timbre due to the thickening of voice folds
Ø
Lubling of the trainee
Ø
Hypertrophy clitoris
Ø
Excessive hair growth on the body
Ø
Earlier hair loss on the head
Ø
Reducing the number of subcutaneous fat tissue
What are the side effects of anabolic drugs?
Side effects of steroids depend on many factors: gender and age, health status, dose of anabolic and reception duration. Unwanted reactions are divided by pretension. The most frequent side effects of anabolic drugs are described below.
Acne
Acne (acne or acne) is a skin disease, which is manifested by an increase in the activity of the sebaceous glands, the appearance of black dots, froths and scars. The most frequent acne appears on the face, back and chest, although they can affect any part of the body. Under the influence of testosterone, the sebaceous glands produce more skin salts. Skin fat becomes thick and iron can not push it on the skin surface. Share plugs are formed - acne.
The hydro-lipid skin balance changes, and microorganisms that live on the surface of the skin, begin to multiply faster. Bacteria fall into wide ranges of sebaceous glands and cause inflammation. Gnove accumulates in the gland. Over time, the pus breaks out, a yazelka is formed, later - the scar.
Factors that increase the risk of developing acnegal disease against the background of accepting anabolics:
Ø
High Sugar Diet
Ø
Insulating insulin
Ø
Hereditary tendency
Ø
Violation of adrenal work
Suppression of testosterone injury
With the arrival of hormones from the outside, the body ceases to produce them independently. The side effects of the pharmacological preparations of the anabolics also include the suppression of testosterone synthesis. The mechanic of this effect is as follows: High concentration of hormone in the blood suppresses the emission of the pituitary activity. The pituitary gland in the brain, which controls the operation of the genital and adrenal glands, where testosterone is produced. As a result, the brain ceases to file the signals into glands and androgens are not secreted.
Reducing the activities of the endocrine glands with time can lead to their complete atrophy. That in the body is not used - it dies. Suppression of testosterone production and a drop in the concentration of hormone in the blood leads to such consequences.
Ø
Increased bones
Ø
Reduced sexual desire and sexual activity
Ø
Accelerated ejaculation
Ø
Reducing the size of the testicles
Ø infertility
Ø
Memory problems, concentration and productivity
Ø
Deposition of fat in the field of pelvis and abdomen
Liver damage
Long-term reception of any synthetic analogues of testosterone leads to a violation of the liver. The liver is considered the main filtering organ, in its cells there is a transformation of any pharmacological preparations. Anabolics affect the liver functionality through several mechanisms:
Change enzyme function. The influence of steroids in the blood increases the level of cholesterol, which increases the risk of toxic inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) and substitution of organic cells with fat.
Thickening bile. As a result of high density, bile settles in the gallbladder. A precipitate is formed, and later - stones. In addition, since bile does not enter the intestines, there is a lack of fat-soluble vitamins.
Nodal liver transformation. Reception of steroids causes a change in cell structure, and nodes are formed. Over time, these nodes can be reborn in malignant tumors.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is an increase in the chest and the surrounding adipose tissue. After the course of steroids, gynecomastia can be irreversible. With a lack of testosterone, the concentration of female sex hormones - estradiol, progestogen and prolactin increase. The high level of these biologically active substances causes the deposition of fatty tissue in the chest area, breast gland increases in volume.
Cholesterol lifting and increased pressure
Cartoids can seriously damage the heart. Synthetic analogs of testosterone lower "good" cholesterol, increasing the level of "bad", and also increase blood pressure. As a result, the combination of these factors increases the risk of heart disease.
The use of anabolics for more than two years causes myocardial dysfunction, accelerates the formation of cholesterol plaques in the vessels and doubles the risk of death from heart disease.
The abuse of steroids makes blood more thick, therefore the risk of thrombosis increases. The drying of athletes leads to even greater blood thickening and increases the risk of pulmonary artery embolism.
Problems with psyche
The consequences of the use of pharmacology include such an effect on the nervous system and the highest cognitive functions:
Ø Hallucinations
Ø
Increase aggression and inclinations to violence
Ø Depressed
Ø
Physical and psychological addiction
Ø
Ascending degree of criticality, discontent and accusations
Ø
Reducing memory, concentration and productivity
Ø
Falling creative productivity
Ø neurosis
Ø psychosis
Baldness
Testosterone provokes excess hair growth while simultaneously reducing the hair density on the head. As a result, with a hereditary tendency to alopecia, baldness arises. Hair loss is associated with the effect of androgens on dihydrotestosterone receptors. The number of receptors is defined genetically. Steroids use increases DGT levels and accelerates baldness.
Atrophy of the testicles and infertility
The testicles are men's sex glands that produce a number of hormones and sperm. Normal sperm products depends on testosterone concentration. The use of steroids disrupts the pituitary operation (the main endocrine gland of the organism) and reduces the production of own sex hormones. As a result, the quantity and quality of sperm falls, and the testicles decrease in size (atrophy).
In addition, the consequences of taking steroids in men also include changing the structure of spermatozoa and reduce their amount in 1 ml³. Reducing the number of active spermatozoa and their high-quality mutations lead to infertility in men.
In women, fertility is associated with the menstrual cycle and ovulation. High testosterone concentrations reduce the amount of fat. And fat is needed for normal tooling the child, and is also an endocrine body that produces hormones. As a result, the woman stops ovulation and menstruation (amenorrhea), the infertility develops.
How to reduce harm from anabolic steeroids?
In order for anabolic steroids to be accompanied by minimal side effects, such rules should be followed:
1. Buy funds only in specialized points.
2. Observe the dosage and multiplicity of drug reception.
3. The course use of anabolics should not exceed 12 weeks.
4. Regularly monitor the cellular, biochemical and hormonal composition of the blood.
5. Choose steroids with minimal liver toxicity
6. In parallel, take anti-estrogens that will help restore the testosterone balance and prevent the development of gynecomastia.
Choose steroids with a high anabolic coefficient. This indicator determines the ratio of an anabolic effect to androgen. The higher the coefficient - the lower the risk of adverse reactions.
Positive effects of steroids
Originally steroids were used with therapeutic objectives. Indications for pharmacotherapy Anabolics:
Ø
Insuction of oncopathology and HIV / AIDS
Ø
Long-term treatment of radoiterapy, cytostatics or corticosteroids
Ø
Recovery after operations or infections
Ø
Diabetes
Ø
Therapy of the liver cirrhosis
Ø
Steporosis and muscle disorders
Ø burns
Ø Proleside
Among the positive actions of the anabolics are distinguished by such:
Ø
Raising appetite and increase body weight
Ø
Stimulation of tissue regeneration
Ø
Strengthening bones
Ø
Musculature
Ø
Reduced percentage of fat
Ø
Increased endurance and efficiency
Ø
Stimulation of competitive behavior
Ø
Acceleration of Erythrocyte Education
Ø
Improving microcirculation organs
Ø
Raising oxygen levels in cells
Brief conclusions
The use of anabolics in sports allows you to quickly achieve results, increase muscle mass, improve efficiency and endurance. Properly selected drug will not harm the body and will not provoke the development of sides. The positive dynamics of the results of workouts, the rapid increase in muscle mass and strength is best achieved by the course use of steroids.
Chemists claim that all the effects arising from the reception of steroids should be considered side by side, except for direct anabolic effects on skeletal muscles. Therefore, we now prove that this formulation itself is erroneous, since any, different from the therapeutic (after all, is primarily drug substances) should be considered side effect. The therapeutic AC action is quite multifaceted. And no matter how much you want, it is impossible to fully obey the growth of the muscles, despite the fact that most of the positive effects of the AS are associated with skeletal muscles. Most, but not all.
In addition to influence on the skeletal muscles androgens can do a lot of other. That is, hormones affect other organs and tissues and cause them certain effects. And since these effects were not in the list of useful, what are they? Even at the "chemical definition", side effects are inevitable. But that's not all.
"From the point of view of the theory of the mechanism of the AC on the human body, they may well affect those organs and systems that are not specialized for testosterone. That is, the spectrum of the pharmacological action of the AC is significantly expanding and it turns into a toxicological one.
Now it is definitely possible to say that the long-term use of the AU in large doses cause a number of complications that may cause severe pathology and, in some cases, endingfully. " (R.D. Saintlyla, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Biologically active substances VNIIFK)
So the toxic action came up. "Chemical authorities" argue that the pronounced toxic effect of steroids on the body is most often manifested with long-term use of very high doses (3-4 grams per week and higher) ... again the same. This can only write people who are not understanding in pharmacology. The toxic effect, of course, strongly depends on individual sensitivity, but first of all it should be expected when the highest doses of the drug should be exceeded. This time.
Secondly, almost all chemical courses suggest exceeding higher doses of the drug (both one-time and daily), sometimes ten times! Moreover, this is happening for quite a long time (12-24 weeks). The man's body naturally produces 4-10 mg testosterone per day, that is, 28-70 mg per week. And what do you say about 300-2000 mg of the speakers per week - after all, it is so much suggests most of the courses?!
Toxic effect is inevitable. For hopeless optimists Special explanation: All higher doses are designed for absolutely healthy people (koim is still less and less encountered), and if you do not belong to those (I will not list the disease), then even normal doses can have toxic effects . "The use of any AU can cause a non-one negative side effect. In most cases, it all depends on the dosage. The higher the dose, the more likely the appearance of various negative effects. Most side effects are considered reversible (temporary), they disappear after the cessation of steroid preparations. However, there are also much more severe consequences of the use of ac, such as diseases of the heart and serious impairment of psyche. It should not be noted that the consuming athletes often acquire physical and mental dependence on drugs "(R.D. Safella).
That is why it is impossible to divide the toxic and side effect of the AC, when the conversation goes about sports "chemistry." Above, we, almost agree with the "chemists", agreed that the point of useful AC application is predominantly skeletal muscles, while negative effects can be found in any organ or tissue. Now list these negative consequences:
1) The effect of cancellation of the drug after the cessation of its reception. It must be put in the first place, as this only one effect crosses all the positive effects from the reception of the AU. You temporarily possess what you get. Quite quickly lose all that steroids were given: and muscle volumes, and strength, and endurance. That will remain, this is spoiled health.
2) Impact on the CNS. Initially, the most attention was paid to the negative impact of the AC on organs and systems directly responsible for the physical condition of the body. And only after some time they came to the conclusion that the consequences of taking steroid preparations primarily affect the mental state and behavioral reactions of people. The human brain has receptors for interacting with testosterone, so it may well be considered as "target organ" for this hormone and its synthetic analogues.
Since the late 1930s and until the mid-80s, steroids were used abroad as a means against nervous and mental disorders, including psychosis and depression. The therapeutic doses of the AU under clinical conditions led to an improvement in memory patients, a decrease in fatigue and a rise in mood. Testosterone and speakers affect the work of the brain, ensuring an increase in hormonal level. They cause changes in brain activity similar to amphetamines and antidepressants.
However, along with these therapets, adverse psychological effects caused by the use of steroids were found. They manifest themselves unequal, depending on the dosage. Doctors noted the presence of psychosis and manic depressive states, as well as depressions related to the sharp cessation of steroids. AU overdose can lead to an increase in aggressiveness, inclinations for violence, depression and hallucinations.
The cyclic intake of steroids, accompanied by interruption, causes constant change of mental state. In the special literature there are many examples when excessive passion for AC led to changes in the functions of the central nervous system and behavioral reactions of athletes (increased aggressiveness, including criminal, periods of increased excitability and deep depression, various psychosis, etc.). Most often, these athletes completely ended not only by their career in sports, but severe disabilities were added.
The dependence of shifts in the behavior of athletes who took steroids, from age. The younger athlete, the more deep shifts in the psyche take place, that is, a young growing organism is more vulnerable to steroids. A significant side effect of the use of AS is the emergence of the athlete's dependence. Moreover, the psychological dependence on the AU is much more common in phenomenon than the dependence of physical. In general, side effects on the CNS as a result of the use of AP manifest themselves individually, can be very significant and lead to severe irreversible consequences, and they can disappear after the discretion of the reception, depend on the particular drug and dosage.
3) Impact on the endocrine system. Since testosterone and speakers themselves have hormonal activity, naturally expect their influence on the endocrine system. This is, above all, the reproductive function in men. The introduction of high concentrations for a long time leads to testicular atrophy, sperming impaired. Sperm loses mobility, the ability to penetrate the egg, the amount of sperm decreases. The boys state the early sexual maturation, a violation of the growth process due to the fact that part of testosterone and anabolic hormones turns into the process of metabolism in estradiol, there is a feminization (manifestation of female sexual signs) of a male body. This is expressed in gynecomastia - the growth of the thoracic glands in 65% of cases of adolescents and in 40% of cases in adult men (surgery may be required); Enhanced tendency to fasteners and softened muscles. This problem is particularly sharpened as terminated if the athlete androgen level is low against the background of an elevated level of estrogen.
4) virilization symptoms. This includes various manifestations of masculinization, which women may suffer when taking speakers. Just as in men, steroids cause women suppressing a hypotrol circle, as a result of this hormonal disorders arise. In particular, changes in the childbearing function are occurred as a result of atrophy of the uterus, ovaries, disorders of the menstrual cycle, up to amenorrhea. There is virilization of women, especially young: voices (irreversible), reinforced hair growth on body and on face, alopecia (hair loss), acne (acne), decrease in the mammary glands, increase the clitoris, changing the skin on male type. There is an increased aggressiveness and depression at the end of the steroid course. The cause of increased aggressiveness is an elevated level of androgens, while the cause of depression is a reverse stage effect that occurs under the termination of the reception of steroids. Also, women should remember that the growth of muscles when taking speakers changes the shape of the male type. With the abolition of the AC, rehabilitation can occur within one to three months, during long-term reception - after six months, but many changes are irreversible (especially in cases of genetic predisposition).
5)
Water-salt retention. Most steroids cause impaired water and electrolyte balance in the body. An increase in potassium and sodium content leads to a water delay and tissue edema, an increase in body weight. "Chemical" sites emphasize the benefit of this effect, since it is rapidly increasing muscle volumes and strength due to this, the tolerance of pain is improved. In fact, nothing useful in it. First, excessive accumulation of water in the blood leads to an increase in blood pressure and, as a result, improving the load on the heart. Secondly, the swelling under the eyes and on the cheeks do not decorate anyone. As for pain, everything is much more important here. ACs contribute to increased tolerance for pain (and water delay here is not the main factor here) - this is a well-known fact, "chemists" are very proud of it, considering that the number of injuries decreases. In fact, everything is just the opposite. The pain plays a signal role in the human body. She never arises just like that.
Using the speakers, you actually deprive yourself of one of the senses. Of course, you do not get rid of pain completely - it will appear, but at more. I hope further explanations are unnecessary.
6) Action on the urinary system. A huge load is laid on the kidneys during the taking steroids. They are filtered and removed toxic decay products from the body. High blood pressure and strong fluctuations in the body's water and electrolyte balance can damage their functions for a long period. Under the action of the AU, the function of kidney glomers is disturbed and favorable conditions for the formation of renal stones are created. Some athletes during the reception of steroids appear darkening of urine, sometimes even blood appears, it is observed or a urination latency. Among the athletes who use speakers, cases of kidney tumors are recorded. The fact of the effect of androgens on the growth of the prostate adenoma and the mammary glands is not doubtful. AU also affects the occurrence of prostate cancer, mammary glands and female genital tumors. Consequently, the urinary sphere of the athlete is subjected to fairly distinct shifts that cause speakers with their long-term use.
The fact that the role of the AU in the occurrence of malignant tumors (cancer transformation of cells) has not yet been proven by 100%, is often used as an argument in favor of the AC. However, supporters of "chemistry" misinterpret this fact, often forgetting the other side of the question. The conversion of a normal cell into the tumor is called cancer transformation. In the process of transformation, damage to the DNA of the cell, in particular protoncogennes, occurs. Potioncogens are cell oncogens (oncogenes - gene developing the development of a tumor) encoded by such gens of proteins take part in the regulation of growth and differentiation processes. In a normal cell, control over the functioning of proto-curves is carried out by genes-onkosuppressors.
In the process of damage to DNA of the protoncogencogens, the properties of oncogenes acquire, that is, they can cause the development of the tumor if the regulation from the side of the suppressor genes is simultaneously violated. No person is insured against the development of the tumor, since the protoncohoes are almost in all cells. But it is hampered, firstly, the reparation systems that restore the DNA structure after damage. And secondly, the immunity system (C), which "kills" tumor cells. If si does not cope, the tumor develops. The most important sign of tumor cells is their uncontrollable growth. The speakers still help the growth of the tumor, in the opposite system of immunity, which increases the likelihood of cancer in many times.
7) Action on the cardiovascular system. Increased pressure, bringing sometimes to fainting, athletes who took anabolics - a well-known fact. One of the main reasons for this is the reinforced load on the heart and vessels due to significant water-salt retention. The high weight of many athletes, a huge amount of food, heavy exercises, in which breathing is delayed, serve as favoring factors. In 25% of patients used by the AU, heart disease and hypertension arise, and 2% - damage to myocardium. Cases of mortal outcome as a result of acute heart failure due to the admission of anabolic steroids are described. Thus, under the existing trend towards an increase in blood pressure, metabolic shifts towards the occurrence of risk factors (increased cholesterol content, triglycerides, lipoproteins, elevated formation of free radicals and others), the possibility of complications from the cardiovascular system is repeatedly increasing, despite the young age Athletes taking speakers.
8) The impact on the hepatocellular system is the most characteristic and obvious action of the AC, which are perfectly known athletes, doctors and coaches (we are talking about the hepatic pain syndrome, about increasing the liver below the edge of the rib arc, etc.). The liver provides detoxification of all xenobiotics entering the human body, also the destruction of a number of substances generated in the very organism. If it is forbidden and neutralize exogenous anabolic steroids in elevated concentrations, then it can simply not cope with this task.
The result is the pathology of the liver. It has been proven that oral (tableted) forms of anabolics to a much greater extent than injection drugs have a negative impact on a detoxifying (neutralizing) and excretory liver function. Following the functional shifts, organic changes occur, which is expressed in liver colic, jaundice, cholestasis, hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. Acute hepatic insufficiency, often found among athletes who have long used anabolics, is associated with the blockage of the biliary tract and cholestasis. A number of authors described the occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the liver after receiving the AU. Attrets have been identified adenoma liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, angiosarcoma and other severe diseases that often end lettentively.
9) Influence on the gastrointestinal tract. It is presented mainly oral speakers, but not only. Many injection speavers are also able to cause dyspeptic disorders. Some athletes suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, barking nausea, feeling of gravity in the stomach. The diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include the malignant transformation of the colon polyps, as well as the development of adenocarcinoma with long-term use of large doses of the AU.
10) Action on the musculoskeletal system. It is characterized by increased injuries due to the inconsistency of the growth of the strength of the muscles and the tendons to which they are attached. In adult athletes, there are gaps of muscles, tendons and ligaments, damage to the joints and connective tissue. In the youthful age, the use of the AU gives irreversible changes: premature ostection of long bones, accelerated epiphyseal plates, violation of the growth process. The so-called "muscle scuba", about which athletes know well, due to the microcirculation disorders in muscle tissue.
11) Changing the oily skin is manifested in the form of "acne". At the same time, the existing acne is aggravated and all new appears. The formation of "acne" and its scale depends on the genetic predisposition, from the accepted steroid and its dose. The receptors of the sebaceous glands have high susceptibility to dihydrotestosterone (DGT), which determines excessive selections (Seborida). Excessive work of the sebaceous glands entails the occurrence of a more oily skin. In conjunction with the reproduction of bacteria and horny scales of the skin, this mixture clogs the robes of the sebaceous glands, which leads to skin ebones, acne, guns (Pustulas) and even to the cyst.
Men "Akne" most often occurs on the back, shoulders and chest, less on the face, while women are mainly face, back and shoulders. Based on the fact that the speech here is on damage to the largest human body - the skin throws in the eye "acne" is a clear sign that the owner of the Akne takes steroids. Women can lose weight for a long time, because The skin when using speakers and excessive solar irradiation becomes a cooler and coarse. The appearance of stretch marks and cracks in the shoulders and chest, the inside of the forearm and on the buttocks is also often observed in athletes taking steroids. For many, the "acne" creates mental problems.
12) baldness. Long-term use of high doses of the AU leads to an irreversible loss of hair on the head, especially those predisposed to this. And regardless of gender and age. The reason lies in the fact that the hair lows receptors of the scalp have a strong chemical affinity for dihydrotestosterone (DGT). As a result of the use of the AU, the formation of baldness and the overall breaking of the hair. It should be noted that this side phenomenon is irreversibly.
13) the weakening of the immunity system under the action of the AU is scientifically proven. Due to the immunosabular action of the AC, the resistance to tuberculosis, AIDS and even to banal colds are reduced.
14) other negative effects can also occur when taking speakers. This should include headaches, dizziness, ailments, drowsiness, a feeling of heat, tides to the head, anaphylactic shock (allergic reaction life-threatening) due to the development of allergies to medicines, abscesses at the injection site, elongated blood coagulation period. Many athletes take speakers in combination with other drugs.
This is done with various purposes: avoid side effects, pass doping control, it is better to prepare for the performance. Often, the athletes seek to defeat at any cost and are ready to literally shove in any areas of drugs, just to succeed. However, the combination of pharmacological preparations, even with medical control, is extremely dangerous, and independent experiments can easily lead to severe consequences until the deadly outcome.
The absolute majority of positive effects of anabolic steroids have long been used in medicine. However, it should not be seduced only by these properties of steroids. Consider only some generalized data of possible hazardous side effects of steroids:
1. Reception of steroid drugs can be brought to the damage to the liver.
According to a well-known specialist in the field of sports physiology, Dr. José Antonio, there is enough evidence of the unfavorable influence of steroids on the liver, especially when oral administration. This is quite explained, since the absorption of androgenic drugs occurs mainly in the liver. There is also evidence that the liver tumors are usually caused by anabolic steroids containing 17 alpha alkyl group. There are 23 cases when the reception of steroids led to serious liver diseases (Alzivanovich K.K.). Although, as a rule, benign tumors are absorbed after the cessation of steroids, the use of steroid drugs can lead to hepatic carcinoma. It should be noted that often such changes remain unnoticed, since hepatitis and tumors in the liver do not always cause changes in blood, according to which the state of this body is usually judged. What, in turn, is fraught with the late diagnosis of such a disease.
2. Negative influence of steroids on the sex system:
In various scientific and popular editions, it was not possible that the long-term use of high doses of anabolic steroids leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a reduced concentration of luteinizing and folly carrotimulating hormones, testosterone in plasma, etc. etc.
Not trying to bother in scientific terms, we consider only the fact that the use of steroids affects the concentration in the plasma of gonadotropins (it is not a secret that the use of steroids increases the concentration of testosterone and its derivatives in the human body, which, actually "unbalances" the hormonal system. At the same time Obtaining testosterone "From the outside" reduces its own secretion of this hormone.). In turn, a slight decrease in gonadotropin causes a decrease in the production of sperm and tester atrophy. In this regard, the number of degenerative spermatozoa increases, which reduces the ability to fertilize (draw the conclusions themselves!). To complete the restoration of these functions, it may be necessary to take up to several months after the discretion of the drug.
In addition, the long-studied side effect of steroids is the development of breasts on the female type (gynecomastia), i.e. Fat fabrics accumulated around nipples. This, alas, a widespread side effect of using steroids, allowing and without doping control to determine who uses or used steroids. As it has not yet been covered in various editions, this is due to an increase in the level of female sex hormone estrogen in the body. As you may read in the well-known leadership B. Phillips, estrogens estradiol and estron are formed in men by peripheral aromatization from anabolic steroids. Elevated levels of estrogen stimulate the growth of the tissues of the chest. Breast changes are usually irreversible (by L.A. Ostapenko), and sometimes it is even accompanied by the release of milk!
In the female body, an increase in the amount of androgens suppresses the production and release of other hormones (estrogen and progesterone, etc.), which leads to the disorders of the menstrual cycle. At the same time, it is often observed an increase in the size of the clitoris, acne, baldness, the formation of a male type, a decrease in voice grain, increased hair growth on the face, sometimes - chest atrophy. Moreover, a decrease in voice grade, reduced breast size, clitoris hypertrophy and hair loss - usually changes irreversible.
3. Negative influence of steroids on the cardiovascular system.
Anabolic steroids increase the risk of heart disease due to the fact that the use of steroids is negatively affecting the levels and profile of cholesterol from the steroids: the total level of cholesterol increases, the levels of high density lipoproteins are reduced (HDP - "good" cholesterol) drops below normal levels and levels are slightly rising. Lipoproteins of low density (LPP). Theoretically, it can lead to the formation of "cholesterol plaques" on the walls of the arteries, and later to the complete blocking of the vessels. Bob Zaku also cites examples of the work of the heart, myocarditis from steroid users. Myocardial infarction was recorded with ventricular tachycardia, venous sinus thrombosis, myocardial infarction with blood hemorrhage, enhancing thrombocyte sticking, etc. (Alzivanovich K.K.).
Hypertension (increased blood pressure). Increased pressure in many athletes that use steroids simultaneously and due to the water delay in the body, and the rapid weight gain of the body. The initial symptoms of the increase in blood pressure may be headaches, insomnia, difficulty with breathing. This state is fraught with gradual degeneration of vessels, which leads to aneurysms, cardiac attacks and even progressive heart disease. It is no secret that chronic heightened blood pressure is the cause of a multitude of diseases of the cardiovascular system that kill the most people on the planet.
4. The use of steroids can adversely affect your psyche.
An increase in testosterone concentration in the body can lead to an increase in aggressiveness and strengthening sexual entry, euphoria, excitability, sleep impairment, pathological concern, parana and hallucinations.
Relatively long ago, two psychiators from Harvard Medical School, Dr. Harrison Pup and David L. Katz, discovered mental deviations in individuals using anabolic steroids: depressive and manic episodes, visual and auditory hallucinations, uncontrolled outbreaks of irritability. With the West, some psychiatrists and psychologists are already widely used by the term "steroid rage" due to the fact that the manifestations of this side effect are becoming increasingly frequent and fixed. When using steroids, the effect of emotional instability is classically manifested. Dr. Kitsman believes that the users of steroids develop a certain type of psychological dependence on them.
5. The use of steroids lead to violations in the immune system.
It is known that with an increase in the level of genital hormones in the body, the activity of the so-called T-suppressor immunity can be reduced. In parallel, the function of the B cells increases. In the incess of immunological surveys athletes, appropriate changes were discovered. Such changes threaten serious consequences: from the development of immunodeficiency states and reducing the immunoreactivity of the body to serious diseases (Alzivanovich K.K.).
6. Reception of steroids leads to cosmetic issues.
There is a theory that human skin has the ability to destroy androgen hormones that are in it in very small quantities. When exogenous steroids are used, the concentration of them tends to rise in the top of the level with which the skin can cope, and this is allowed to multiply by bacteria. When it is combined with increasing skin salinity, and this is inevitable when using steroids, the occurrence of acne (acne) is inevitable.
Sodium delay causes EDEM (swelling of tissues due to excessive water delay). Most athletes are expressed in some increase in the volume of body and smoothing the relief. In addition to this cosmetics inconvenience, sodium delay and water, as a result, can lead to acute attacks of pressure increase. Sometimes such a water delay is a sign of a hidden heart or kidney disease.
7. The use of steroids can provoke oncological diseases.
In principle, the use of anabolic steroids is associated with cancer very rarely. The consequence of steroids is usually tumors in the liver suspected of cancer. It says that in most cases these deviations were recorded in individuals who used alpha-alkylated oral medicines. The "Peliosis Hepatitis" becomes less than a rare phenomenon, that is, the blood-filled cysts in the liver. This state is reversible, that is, they disappear with the cessation of steroids, but this is nevertheless associated with the development of liver cancer. However, there are other examples. Former professional football player Lyle Alzado confessed that for the past 26 years, anabolic steroids and growth hormone used, which, in his opinion, caused brain cancer. The famous bodybuilder Dennis Newman after the use of the same combination of medical preparations also recorded a cancer (Alzivanovich K.K.).
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