Nuclear Specialist Day - a memorable day established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 No. 549 "On the establishment of professional holidays and commemorative days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation".
Celebrated on September 4 on the anniversary of the creation (in 1947) of the Special Department at the General Staff of the USSR, which was entrusted to the management of nuclear weapons testing. Currently, the main function of the 12th main department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is to provide storage, operation and protection of the Nuclear Boezapack of the Russian Federation.
Chronicle of the 12th GU MO in the biographies of the chiefs of this control
He was first
September 4, 1947 - here is the date of the present of the current 12th main department of the Ministry of Defense. True, then the first structural unit in the military department engaged in nuclear weapons was called the Special Department of the General Staff. Therefore, September 4 - a holiday for anyone who is connected with the nuclear commander, which they sing "The 12th Glavk is the same Russia, only more about a little bit."
The first head of the specialtime was appointed Major General of Engineering Forces, Viktor Anisimovich Bollyko, won by bodies to the seventh knee and found immaculately clean.
The Major General is harvested the exercise of a single military-technical policy in all types and birth of the armed forces for the development, testing, storage and operation of nuclear ammunition. General Ballery forty years. He is in the heyday, full of energy, and by his shoulders of his service in the General Staff at the responsible sites for ten years together with the tense years of the Patriotic War.
The service began Viktor Anisimovich in 1928 by a 22-year-old guy and immediately in the ranks of the famous Cavalry Division named after Kotovsky in the city of Berdichev. Feeling calling for an engineering case, he enters the Military Engineering Academy and, at its end, is distributed to the Moscow region of Nakhabino to the Military Research Institute of Engineering Engineering of the Red Army.
Victor Balin possessed a happy property to attract the attention of clarity and latterness of thinking with congenital formulation accuracy.
Sakhabino often visited major military leaders. It was not possible to not pay attention to the Narm of Defense "First Marshal" Clement Voroshilov and ordered to translate a delight officer to the General Headquarters in terms of fortification and defensive structures. Viktor Anisimovich and in the General Staff did not get lost. General S. M. Shtemenko responded about him with Praisea, and Marshal B. M. Shaposhnikov insisted on studies of a promising officer at the General Staff Academy.
The Lieutenant-General entered the story as the creator of the 12th GU MO and the first organizer of the Fleet and the Nuclear Weapons Army with the Neckless Title "First Middle of the Armed Forces".
Vice-Admiral Peter Fomin was the first atom of the Navy Fomin - a man of rare giftedness and selfless honesty. His contribution to the creation of a nuclear landfill on a new land was so great that the issue of renaming the main town on the New Earth's archipelago to the city of Petrophominsk was raised.
And the worship, and the phomin differed the breadth of the horizons, directness and loyalty. Somehow the chief of the Navy Admiral S. G. Gorshkov reproached Fomin: "You do not consider money worship." There was meant the construction of a powerful fortified base of nuclear weapons, which are unable to break through even the direct hit of the atomic bomb. The long-term trouble-free operation of nuclear charges at these mighty bases confirmed the loyalty of the engineering horizon of the harvest and Fomin.
The need to centralize the storage and exploitation of nuclear weapons is best of all, perhaps aware of the Deputy Minister of Defense Marshal of Artillery M.I. Nedel, the first commander of the new type of Armed Forces - Rocket Forces of Strategic Appointment (RVSH). According to his reporting Minister of Defense Marshal R. Ya. Malinovsky emerged Director of the General Staff on the formation of the 12th Chief Department of the Ministry of Defense (12th State MO). The first boss, Lieutenant General V. A. Bentko was appointed, behind which there is already more than a ten-year-old suffering on the storage and operation of nuclear charges. The 12th century Mo Bality led from 1959 to 1965.
Thus, the exploitation of nuclear weapons he was engaged in 18 years and always in the first roles.
It is the most reasonable to study the history of the 12th GU MO for acts primarily by the heads of the nuclear head. They fulfill all the directives of the authorities, are responsible for security, and most importantly, they choose officer personnel and affect the general policy and the atmosphere of the head. In addition, as a rule, his first deputy usually interpreted the head of the 12th State University, arguing the continuity of traditions. After the general of the Bality of the 12th GU MO from 1965 to 1974, he was led by his first deputy - General Egorov Nikolai Pavlovich - "Pioneer of the exploitation of nuclear charges."
Egorov was born in 1907. In 1928, the village of Denisyevo village in Smolensk region enters the Leningrad Cavalry School. In 1932, he is already at the Cavalry branch of Moscow courses of retraining of command formulation. It would seem that may be common in the cafe with physical problems? But the torture cavalier of Egorov serves in the sperm squadron and in 1937 enters the Military Electrical Academy of the Red Army, and after its completion he was sent to air force.
In 1951, during the first main department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a military acceptance department is created, where the Colonel Engineer Nikolai Egorov comes. Here he heads the department of special acceptance of parts, nodes, mechanisms and materials for the first samples of aviation atomic bombs.
In 1953, a powerful ministry of medium engineering was formed, which is entirely occupied by the atomic matter of the country. Four years later, the head of this ultramine system will appoint the Slavsky Efim Pavlovich, who will take this post to the Gorbachev Perestroika itself.
At first, in Super Secretary Midnight, Nikolay Egorov will trust one of the most important posts in the main administration of instrument making. With the arrival of Slavsky in the ministry, the main management of the configuration and his chief becomes Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service Nikolai Egorov. Moreover, the selection to the organization with the prosaic title "Glavkomplekt" of military engineers was no less strict than in the cosmonaut detachment. In addition to the high professional learning from officers, unshakable honesty, character, businesslikeness were required.
Military acceptance and control - in a certain sense of the soul of the activities of the officers of the 12th State Mo. It was this that provided the highest reliability of our nuclear charges and order at the storage bases. The role in this matter of General Nicholas Egorova is impossible to overestimate.
Becoming the head of the 12th GU MO, General Egorov exceptional attention paid reliability of the combat readiness and combat capability of nuclear weapons. In the active participation of EGOROVA, a generation of control and stand apparatus has been developed, capable of providing regulatory work and field conditions with minimal time. Several times the warranty service life of nuclear ammunition was increased.
Colonel-General Egorov knew himself well in people and skillfully picked up frames. His colleague Lieutenant General N. K. Beloborodov recalled: "Understanding that the achievement of the reliability and safety of nuclear weapons depends primarily from people, he basically put the cult of documentation, executive discipline, high technical culture.
In the 12th GU, the notorious may be destroyed.
"Thanks Boychuk!"
"Creator of nuclear-technical troops" - so refer to the third chief of the 12th century Mohamal artillery E. V. Boychuk. He commanded the commander of eleven years old - from 1974 to 1985 - the time of the rapid development of nuclear forces and the achievement of parity with the United States.
The path of Efim Vasilyevich to the military vertices is instructive. Born on December 24, 1918 in Ukraine, in the Khmelnitsky region, in the village of Yuhimovitsa. In 1939 he graduated from the Artillery School. The war began the battery commander, then he was the head of the headquarters of the artillery regiment. Great Patriotic Efim Boychuk completed an officer headquarters of the front artillery. His mind and advocate was appreciated. After the victory, he commands the artillery regiment. In 1955-1957, the head of the Kamyshinsky Artillery School.
Guards of reactive artillery were on a special account when rocket troops began to be created. So Efim Vasilyevich found himself since 1957 as a commander of the connection of intercontinental missiles.
Personnel policy of Stalin's times was still in full strength. The Military Department of the Central Committee detected all smart, honest and solid officers. Such a frame like Boychuk was always on coming.
In 1960, he was transferred to the General Staff and even in the main operational management. Intellectually Boychuk grew up in the general headquarters with its power and horizon.
When in 1974, Efim Vasilyevich appointed the head of the 12th State University, he was already a Colonel-General, and the first deputy head of operational management. As a racket, he oversteaded the missile-nuclear issues. All the general titles of Boychuk deserved active work in the "Army Brain" for 14 tense years.
The seventies, which are called "stagnation", were a period of heroic and intensive efforts to the country in creating all types of weapons. It is in this great "Brezhnev period" we achieved an approximate equilibrium with the United States.
Available nuclear weapons needed to be stored, prepare for battle and deliver it to the appointment under any circumstances, even in the case of the beginning of atomic, God forbid, war. This task was to provide the Armed Forces Marshal Artillery Efim Vasilyevich Boychuk, the Creator of Nuclear Technical Forces.
When in 1985, Boychuk completed his suffering in the 12th GU MO, the US nuclear arsenals and the USSR reached literally breathtaking volumes and were up to 25-30 thousand nuclear ammunition on each side. Such was "stagnation", although the arms race was a heavy burden on the country.
Marshal Artillery Boychuk left his post in 1985. In the air "smelled" perestroika, and the very 12th GU MO was 35 years old. During these years, the nuclear commander was ruled by three generals. The officers themselves jokingly sang: "Health is in order - thanks to the purred!", "I lived great - thanks to Egorov!", "And now we are on the beach - thanks for Boychuk!".
Tanker and rocket box
Colonel-General Vladimir Ivanovich Gerasimov became the fourth head of the 12th GU MO in 1985. He was different from his predecessors on the biography and was already a man of post-war formation.
Born on September 19, 1931 in the village of Lebiazhye Kurgan region. The army went in 1949. Vladimir Gerasimov was determined in tank troops, received by the fame of the grandiose battles of the Great Patriotic War. The country heal wounds, but in the souls of young tank workers they still sounded "anthemmic" victory strings in the wondered words: "Roddy fire, sparkling with glitter, will go cars in a fierce campaign." This endowed this was irresistible for Vladimir Gerasimov, and he graduated from the Military Academy of Armored Forces with the Gold Medal in 1961.
At that time, the officer was not always ordered his destiny. Captain Tankist Gerasimov The next quarter of a century will spend in the RVSN and will finish here the commander of the 31st missile army.
November 1985. Colonel-General Vladimir Ivanovich Gerasimov took over the position of Chief of the 12th State University. Tankist and a rocket at the nuclear commander of the Power - this was not yet in the 12th GU MO. The three predecessors are not only front-line, but also officers who received general headquarters in the harsh school of the General Staff. As they would say in the church, "there they carried obedience."
Times have repeatedly changed. In the heart of the three Slavic peoples, Chernobyl exploded, which coincided with the restructuring. No one was against the renewal of life, which Gorbachev promised literally to "improve". But the military unmistakable instinct felt a stranger in it. The Stavropol "Combineer" spoke before the military with some nervous confusion, could not pick up the tone and waving his hands more often than usual. We in a panic began to withdraw the troops from Germany, cut strategic planes and destroy the pioneer wonder missiles.
But the 12th State University of Mo on the same nuclear community, which must fulfill its service in any circumstances, even in the case of atomic war, and not waste the township and the presence of the spirit or from Chernobyl, or from restructuring and even from the subsequent decay of the state. Colonel-General Gerasimov ruled the 12th GU Mo seven years. When he quit in 1992, the Soviet Union no longer existed. You can imagine what seven years fell on his share. Many objects disappeared from the Card of the 12th State University, including the Semipalatinsky landfill in Kazakhstan.
Ideologist and organizer
So the colleagues contributed to the development of the 12th State of his fifth boss - Colonel-General Evgenia Petrovich Maslin, who commanded the nuclear commander of five years responsible. Before that, Evgeny Petrovich for three years (and what three years!) - From 1989 to 1992 he served the first deputy of the previous chief - V. I. Gerasimov.
Maslin is a graduate of 1959 by the Academy of Communications named after S. M. Budenny. There is no young lieutenant and 22 years old. Born on May 20, 1937 in the village of Novo-Tornnikovo on Tambovshchina, graduated from school there.
Colonel-General Omlin is the only head of the 12th State Mo, who started the service here and, becoming a Colonel-General, headed his nuclear commander to him. He started from the office of the department in 1959 and went through the commander of the central base of nuclear weapons. In April 1989, he was appointed by the first deputy head of the 12th State University of General Colonel Gerasimov and in three years he headed the mastercaster. For the first time, the leadership becomes an officer who has experienced all paths and secrets of storage and operation of terrible weapons on his own "skins".
During the years of the General of General Omlin, there was a vague, transitional time with the collapse of the states, sinister outbreaks of terrorism and starvation of officer families.
On the hearing in the State Duma in November 1996, the head of the Nuclear Weapon Safety Inspectorate of Nuclear Weapons, Major General V. N. Obaravich, said: "I generally do not imagine how people live, in particular in the Ministry of Defense. People have no money, people do not live for. Major, which tomorrow goes on the maintenance of a nuclear ammunition, loses consciousness from hunger. How to serve nuclear ammunition? But this is an ammunition for which consumables are needed. There are no more money on these consumables. We have come to the fact that we do not have slippers for officers to walk in the maintenance hall (it has no right to go to his shoes). We reached "to the handle." We hoped that the situation would somehow improve, and as I understand it, the situation worsens. "
General Obaravich not condensed paints. The reality was worse. The payment of monetary content was detained for two or three months. Compensation instead of food soldering was not paid. Due to the lack of money forgot about holidays. Cut from the world in secret bases of people eaten longing and obscurity. Officers wives mastered baking bread. Sometimes only land plots and gifts of the forest were rescued. Wait for housing problems.
But worse there was a danger of loss of nuclear charges or capture their terrorists. Already thundered the battles of the Caucasus, where fanatics were hung from abroad.
Heads of the head challenger General Colonel Melin so recalled about the careless rotosaism of the 60s: "Then the nuclear ammunition we sent to Eastern Europe in the same cars in which Cement, Iron and Break. New time required vigilance and cardinal changes. We had no protected means of transporting nuclear charges. I had to ask in the West armored covers, supercontainers and new computer systems. We received a hundred special cargo rail freight cars from Americans, fifteen guard cars, 4520 armor, 150 supercontainers. "
The nuclear iron officers from the first day became essentially unlucky national heroes. In the most dark circumstances, they did not allow themselves ropota, nor whining. They realized that the fate of their native people and the state depends on the nuclear weapon.
Such a military proportion fell out to Colonel Maslin-General and its colleagues. After the collapse of the USSR, under his leadership, the problem of the preservation of the Nuclear Arsenal of Russia was successfully solved, a high level of safety of nuclear ammunition was ensured.
"New Ivan Kalita"
The sixth chief of the nuclear head fate in the face of the highest superiors was elected General Valykina Igor Nikolayevich in 1997. But before that, he fell a fierce test for the post of first deputy head of the 12th GU MO. It happened in 1992 - from the first year of the post-Soviet Russia after the collapse of the USSR, which in itself explains a lot. Not one boss from 1947 did not get a quiet life since 1947. But what went to the nuclear makers after the 1991, no one was tested in the country or in the world as a whole.
Igor Nikolayevich Valinkin was born on October 16, 1942 at the Verbier station of the Maloborsky district of the Leningrad Region. In the Armed Forces from the 1960s, from the date of admission to the Serpukhov Higher Command Engineering School, which is also a leading engineering institution of missile troops. In 1965, the Lieutenant Service of Igor Valinkina in RVSN began.
A talented officer with character and taste for discipline was not lost in the strategist environment. After 17 years, he already commands the 13th Rocket Division (1982-1984). Later, the gifted commander is appointed by the head of the nuclear management (1989-1992) of the rocket troops of the strategic appointment. So he became a specialist in abnormal and terrible situations across the country.
Already after an overwear position, the head of the Nuclear Department of Valinkins ends the Military Academy. F. E. Dzerzhinsky, now the Military Academy of the RVSN named after Peter Great, and then the Military Academy of the General Staff.
Since 1992, General Zalinkin since 1992 - in the 12th GU MO, first as the first deputy, and from September 1997 - Head of Head.
The time was then in the armed forces, it can be said, "rocket". The minister of defense was for the first time in the history of the head of RVSN Igor Sergeev, the first Marshal of New Russia. The latter circumstance injured many land military leaders. They barely hit the wounds after the destination by Democrats to the post of Minister of Defense at first the pilot Shaposhnikov, and then the paratrooper Grachev. Such were new times change. But nuclear weapons do not like shame and ill-impaired. It was best understood by "strategist" -nistra and people like Valinkin.
He was predetermined by the first person in the 12th GU MO. What fell to the share of General Valykina from the day when he appeared there in the post of First Deputy in 1992? The dry list of tasks itself is impressive.
It was required to assemble in the republics covered by the smutch, redistribution, terrorism, all nuclear charges and take to Russia, the country that created them.
Becoming the head of the head, Valinkin continued the integration of weapons and began to focus in the 12th GU MO of nuclear charges from all types and genera of troops under a single command of the head. This activity is a separate epic. Here Igor Nikolayevich very conventionally performed in the role of Nuclear Ivan Kalita, which collected Russian lands around Moscow.
It's time and it was necessary to dispose of the charges. Behind this government term lies a dangerous and filigree work, for it is even more difficult to dismiss the nuclear warhead, which is even harder than to collect it. A special problem for nuclear makers was the creation of a smart, reliable system for the protection of secret objects to exclude even attempts to penetrate terrorists. And the share of General Valkinkina fell out the task of complete recovery after the degradation and oblivion of the nuclear landfill on the New Earth archipelago.
"Present" head
An hour of General-Colonel Verkhovtsheva struck on December 19, 2005. From the post of headquarters headquarters - the first deputy head of the 12th Main Department (1998-2005), he is appointed by the head of the 12th GU MO, which is managed and today. For the sake of justice, it should be noted that General of the Verkhovtsev, after becoming the head of the head, for the age of 50, was already at the nuclear direction of the high level, appeared in the main operational department of the General Staff in 1989. When General Valykin took the position of the first deputy in the 12th century MO, the Verkhovtsev had been supervised by the nuclear direction of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Verkhovtsev was born on January 27, 1955 in the village of Lalym Marka Jarnurgan district of the Surkhan Darya region of Uzbekistan in the family of geologist. In 1972, the cadet of the current military academy of the RVSN named after Peter the Great. He studied enthusiastically, at the same time speaking for the national team of the university on basketball. He began the service of the Lieutenant of the Verkhovtsy in assembly brigades and headquarters at the objects of the General Directorate of the Siberian and Moscow Military Districts.
Currently, during the exit of the armed forces on the new appearance, the activities of General Colonel Verkhovtshev are aimed at unconditional maintenance of compounds and military units of the 12th GE MO in constant combat readiness, ensuring the safety of nuclear ammunition and an increase in nuclear safety ...
Unfortunately, the secrecy and modesty of nuclear officers still hide the details of their harsh life on facilities. Alas, because of the strict regime restrictions, many generations of military nuclear scientists were deprived by the attention of society, and their invaluable role in the fate of the Fatherland as required was not yet covered. And the role is also extraordinary, and amusement. Without nuclear sword, our state could not exist. The people should know who he owes life on earth.
Life and cases show that in 63 in the "magnificent seven" chiefs of the 12th State University There was not a single ordinary general or a mediocre manager.
- from 2010 - Colonel, since 2016 - Lieutenant General Yu. G. Sych.
- since July 2017 - Major General Igor Kolesnikov
Copy of other people's materials
Every year, on September 4, the day of the Nuclear Security Specialist is celebrated in our country. This memorable day was established on the basis of the presidential decree of May 31, 2006. The date of September 4 was chosen non-random. On this day in 1947, a special department was established at the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, which was entrusted with the guidance of testing nuclear tests. Nowadays, the main functions of the 12th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is to ensure the operation, storage and protection of the country's nuclear wip.
Numerous military specialists, as well as atomic industry specialists, nuclear scientists headed by Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Igor Kurchatov, as well as the KB-11 Design Bureau (today is the Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, RFNC-VNIIEF, the city of Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region) led by his chief designer Julia Khariton. The Special Department of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces provided preparations and testing of the first atomic bomb. As a result of preparing for testing in the Soviet Union, the Semipalatinsky nuclear landfill was created (today it is located in Kazakhstan, was closed in August 1991). It was at this testing that the first Soviet nuclear bomb was carried out on August 29, 1949.
On September 20, 1949, the Special Department of the General Staff of the USSR was transformed into the 6th Department of the General Staff of the USSR Sun, the tasks of coordination of all research works were entrusted with the development of special requirements for the combat use of the Armed Forces under the conditions of applying nuclear weapons, and Also holding and coordinating the tests of nuclear weapons, the implementation of control over the activities of special departments in the types of armed forces. By March 1, 1951, the Arsenal of Atomic Weapons of the USSR has already numbered 15 atomic bombs RDS-1. All these bombs were stored in the territory of the nuclear "object number 550" (CB No. 11) in the repository specially prepared for these purposes. At the same time, the bombs were kept here in a disassembled state, components and components and bombs nodes were also in reinforced concrete ground (flooded land) storage facilities. By January 1, 1952, 35 Soviet atomic bombs were kept here.
First Soviet Atomic Bomb RDS-1
Since then, the nuclear arsenal of the countries only grew, new means of delivery appeared, and all the more advanced and deadly types of atomic weapons were created. From August 29, 1949, 715 nuclear tests were held in our country. The last nuclear explosion thundered on the new land only October 24, 1990.
Currently, the 12th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (12 GUMO) is the central authority of the military department for the implementation of the military nuclear-technical policy of the country and the nuclear support of the Armed Forces of Russia. The Office was created on April 29, 1958 on the basis of the main management of special weapons of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In February 1959, the 6th GUMO was included 6th management of the USSR Ministry of Defense with the preservation of its name, this department was established back in 1949. Thus, it was possible to provide more centralized and targeted technical policy in the field of nuclear weapons within the framework of the policy of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union.
On the 12th, the following tasks were held: ensuring tests of various nuclear ammunition (YAB); control of the ongoing developments; Organization of storage and operation of the YAB, as well as accounting for military ammumbers; JAB supplies planning both on military and troops and central storage bases of nuclear weapons, including in a special period; Planning the supply of component parts of the YAB after their warranty period. In submission of 12 Gumo, organs of special military missions were transferred, which controlled the process of developing and manufacturing nuclear weapons, as well as various special military units.
Decree of the Government of the USSR dated December 17, 1958, the 12th Main Directorate was included in the newly created type of armed forces - rocket troops of strategic appointment (RVSH). At the same time, the boss of this department entered the Military Council of Rocket Forces. In connection with the achievement of strategic parity between the USSR and the United States, as well as the substantial expansion of the problems of nuclear provision of all types of armed forces of the Soviet Union by another government decree, from November 28, 1974, the 12th management was derived from the submission of the Commander-in-Chief of the RVSH and transferred to the direct submission of the Ministry of Defense countries.
The tragedy that occurred in 1986 at the Chernobyl NPP made reconsider many familiar stereotypes, primarily concerning the issues of nuclear security of the state. In connection with the need to tighten the monitoring of compliance with its requirements in the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, a new Organization was created - the inspection of nuclear safety of nuclear ammunition. In the context of the lessons that the Chernobyl country taught, the creation of a professional emergency rescue service consist of the 12th main department of the Ministry of Defense should also be considered.
Each stage of the existence and development of the 12th main department was in its own way in the Russian. At the same time, experts allocate three fateful stages in the management history. The first of them was the conclusion of a nuclear fuelhouse, which was kept in the territory of the former Socialist countries of Eastern Europe, as well as from the territory of the former republics of the USSR. On the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union (in 1989-1991), the 12th HUMO made a return of tactical nuclear weapons, which kept in the countries of the Warsaw Treaty, as well as the Allied Republics of Central Asia and the Transcaucasus to the territory of Russia. And in 1992-1996, nuclear weapons were exported from the territory of Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan to objects located in the Russian territory. This important from a political point of view and a very difficult state problem was carried out in a short time and with all possible caution and accuracy: without accidents, losses and violations of nuclear safety requirements.
The second, no less important for the 12th main management period, can be attributed by the end of the XX beginning of the XXI century. For this temporary segment, the process of concentrating a nuclear wiping of the country in the framework of the 12th Gumo is most characteristic. The structure of the chapter included nuclear parts of the Navy, the Air Force, the Central Polygon of the Russian Federation. Currently, the nuclear masterpiece in its current updated state can be called the keeper of the entire Russian nuclear wip.
Finally the third stage is more than a ten-year period of the country's nuclear support system. The result of the work at this stage, which were launched in the mid-1990s and ended only in 2009, became the association of all military units of nuclear support into a single organizational structure under a single command. The centralization of the leadership allowed to ensure the increase in the efficiency of all components of the system: management; nuclear safety; operation and technical readiness of nuclear ammunition; combat readiness. Taking into account the importance of solved tasks to ensure childbirth and types of troops of the Armed Forces of Russia, nuclear ammunition, at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries, nuclear-technical support was translated from the technical in the discharge of the strategic type of provision.
At the moment, Russia has well-developed strategic nuclear forces, which consist of terrestrial intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBDs) of both stationary and mobile bases, as well as marine and aviation strategic nuclear weapons and their carriers. Today, the main function of the 12th Chief Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is to ensure the safety of storage and operation of nuclear weapons, as well as monitoring compliance with the contract on the comprehensive prohibition of nuclear tests (1996). Currently, the development of a nuclear weapon complex of the country occurs within the framework of the state program of weapons and federal targeted programs (FDP). The implementation of the activities provided for by these documents are designed to ensure the safety of key basic Russian nuclear technologies, the scientific and technical and personnel potential of Rosatom organizations, as well as to ensure the further development and strengthening of the nuclear shield of our country.
On September 4, the team of "Military Review" joins congratulations to the Nuclear Provision Specialists of both existing and retired. Congratulations to the personnel of the 12th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, management veterans, as well as all involved in the subordinate management structures with their professional holiday, wish you good health and success in the difficult ministry to serve our homeland.
According to materials from open sources
For a long time, all information related to the invention and the use of weapons of mass lesion was hidden from the ordinary people. Unknown scientists worked in secret laboratories and lived in closed towns. The main thing is that it was necessary to know the country, this is what the USSR is a nuclear power, able to confront the most terrible enemy.
In 2006, the Presidential Decree was appointed on September 4, as a professional holiday of those who had forged the Nuclear Shield of the Fatherland over the years. In this September day, 1947 in the Soviet Union was created by the specialty for managing the tests of weapons of a new type. It was not another priest of Stalin Secretary General. Nuclear weapons for the country of Soviets were acute necessity, because the United States has shown a monstrious force to the whole world for two years ago, dropping the bombs on the city of Japan. Comrade Stalin managed to preserve the most imperturbable appearance, bringing American leaders to the erroneous idea that no one understands in the USSR, which is nuclear weapons.
In fact, research on the formation of atomic energy from the split uranium by Soviet physicists was conducted for a long time. In the conditions of the hardest war in 1942, the Academy of Sciences begins to develop urgently, but the test of the first Soviet atomic bomb was accomplished only in 1949. The consequences of the explosion at the Semipalatinsk landfill were in shock of representatives of the Government and the Armed Forces of the USSR. The explosive wave destroyed everything in a radius of 1 km, leaving behind the monstrous dose of radiation.
Starting from the mid-20th century, the two superpowers of the USSR and the United States enter into an irreconcilable battle for the nuclear championship, called the "Armion Race". Soon the Soviet Union shook the world community of the invention of the inmoyar and hydrogen weapons, an intercontinental ballistic missile was developed.
The braking of the nuclear race occurred only by the 90s, the tragedy at the Chernobyl NPP played a major role in this. Friendly states reduce the cost of nuclear testing, a program for the disposal of atomic weapons is launched in the United States. Glasnosts were provided with facts on environmental damage caused by nature, human health and even the ozone layer of the Earth.
At the moment, Russia has an incredible military power accumulated in the years of the Soviet Power. Complete control over the preservation and safety of mighty atomic potential. This responsibility fully falls on specialists in the field of nuclear security, whose difficult labor is marked by the commemorative date of September 4.
4-09-2015, 10:00
September 4 in Russia marks the day of a specialist in nuclear security. The date of the holiday is taken, as they say, not from the ceiling. The fact is that it was 4 September in 1947 in the USSR, a special department was created at the General Staff of the Armed Forces. It was this department that was to lead the testing of nuclear weapons. In the calendar of the festive dates, the day of the nuclear provision of Russia appeared in 2006 on the basis of the 549th presidential decree "On the establishment of professional holidays and commemorative days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation". And the appearance of this holiday was the gratitude to those people who were koving and continue to kill the nuclear shield of the Fatherland.
The work of the Special Department under the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, coordinated with leading scientists who made efforts to create atomic weapons in the USSR led to the implementation of a truly mighty project. This is a project for the formation of an effective counterweight with the nuclear potential of the United States of America. It is possible to reflect on how much the development of the domestic nuclear shield, how many strengths and money was spent, but ultimately this development has led to the fact that after the appearance of an atomic bomb at the USSR, nuclear weapons were not applied in Military conflicts are never anywhere in the world. And there is an opinion that if this type of weapon remained only from the state, which even today does not miss the moment for statements about its exclusivity, then nuclear strikes on disagree with the state policy would not be uncommon ...
The emergence of nuclear potential at the USSR made it possible to form a new stable system of the world order, in which each of the poles understood that in the case of an incredible step, a crushing strike could be followed by the most "response". This understanding and determined the relationship between the poles of force, and, by and large, continues to determine the relationship to this day.
The implementation of the military unit of the USSR nuclear project was launched long before it began to form a mentioned special dress with the GSH of the USSR Sun. So, in September 1942, when the country was actually on the verge of existence due to events on the fronts, a solution was made in Moscow, which can be called a sign. This decision (disposal) of the State Defense Committee in terms of the organization of work on uranium. At its disposal, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR obliged to resume work on the study of the feasibility of the use of atomic energy by the splitting of uranium kernel. At the same time, the Academy of Sciences put in a rigid time frame. Already by April 1, 1943, academics had to submit to the GCO report on the possibility of creating an atomic bomb.
The first page of the document, for a long time kept under the vulture "Top Secret."
Until the first tests of the Soviet atomic bomb, a colossal work was carried out to which thousands of specialists from all over the Union were attracted and not only from the USSR. New scientific centers were built, the closed city increased, in which all the technical conditions were created to achieve the goal. No need to forget that the initial nuclear security of the country was caught in conditions when the country itself was in a state of monstrous on its scale of war, and the term "everything for the front, everything for victory was a real motto for the state and his citizens. At the same time, the state power perfectly understood that if the project of creating an atomic bomb was not embodied in reality, the USSR also turns into "fountaining" ruins, since the "allies" aims were targeting the country.
Successful testing of the first Soviet atomic bomb of RDS-1 with a capacity of about 22 kilotonn was held on August 29, 1949 at the Polygon under Semipalatinsky. By that time (on the basis of the consequences of the use of atomic bombs by Americans in August 1945), a lot was known about the destructive action of atomic weapons. However, the effect of the explosion, as the developers of the bomb and responsible representatives of the armed forces were stated, exceeded all expectations.
From the multi-meter tower, which was in the epither an explosion, remained a funnel with a depth of about one and a half meters with melted edges. The level of radiation in the epicenter of the explosion reached a colossal value in 180 thousand x-rays / hour (0.5 SV / C). With such a dose of radiation, people without much risk could be located at a distance of 3 km from the epicenter of no more than 20 minutes. The two three-storey buildings built as experimental buildings at a distance of 800-900 m from the epicenter were completely destroyed. Cars were burned, aviation, armored vehicles, which were used to visualize the effect of the impact wave and heat flux were seriously damaged. The explosive wave threw off the railway bridge, which was at a distance of 1 km from the epicenter, and dropped it about 30 meters by raising the design.
For obvious reasons, successful tests of RDS-1 at the Polygon under Semipalatinsky beat off the hunt for yesterday's allies even reflect on the possibility of a nuclear strike in the USSR.
Rocket and nuclear potential of modern Russia and today many "friends" beat off the hunt to experience the Russian Federation for strength. The Russian Federation has rocket troops of strategic appointment, marine strategic forces and strategic aviation.
Last year, the American State Department published a report, which states that Russia overtook the United States according to the number of active nuclear warheads in the presence of approximately 1640 missiles ready for launch. The maximum distance to which Russian rockets can ensure the delivery of nuclear warheads - 16 thousand km, which ensures "coverage" of a huge territory.
The safety of the operation of nuclear weapons and monitoring compliance with international treaties provides the 12th Main Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Today, the 12th administration of the Ministry of Defense of Russia reliably ensures the safety of the operation of nuclear weapons and monitoring compliance with the agreement on a comprehensive prohibition of nuclear tests. Full move is working on re-equipment of RVSN connections.
Thus, the newest Mobile RK "Yar +" with a divided head part with maneuvering blocks of individual guidance appear in Teikovsky, Novosibirsk, Tagil, Kozelsky, and other rocket compounds. This is one of the reliable elements of domestic security.
Rate the news
Partner News:
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 549 of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and commemorative days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" was established a professional holiday of a Nuclear Service Specialist.
The main task of the USSR in the troubled postwar years was the development of nuclear weapons. Military and nuclear industry were involved in these works. Accordingly, nuclear tests were important for the country. The preparation and organization of tests was engaged in the Special Department of the General Staff. In the shortest possible time, a sevenpalatinsky landfill was built, where the first atomic bomb test was held in the Union. This event was put an end to the nuclear monopoly of the United States. The first test was conducted in 1949 on August 29. Since then, 715 tests of nuclear weapons have passed. The last bomb exploded on October 24, 1990.
The day of the nuclear security specialist is celebrated on September 4. It was on this day that in 1947 the Special Department of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces was established, subsequently renamed the 12th Main Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The task of the 12th Main Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is the special storage and use of the nuclear stock of the Russian Federation.
For each employee in this area is the most important professional day. Nuclear support specialists remove the testimony of devices installed on reactors, are maintained by maintenance and observation of reactor halls. The state of the reactor is studied and the solution is made based on its restart.
This vocational day of nuclear support is awarded veterans of nuclear troops and give a tribute to those who died, fulfilling their duty to their homeland, are various celebrations.
Nuclear weapon
Nuclear weapons are a scary tool that can destroy whole countries, continents and billions of people. The use of nuclear missiles is not only much harm to the enemy, but also guarantees strength and "success" in a military company.
At that time, a lot of nuclear tests were carried out. The nuclear scientists were obliged to take into account all the characteristics of missiles, have a full picture on all issues relating to this type of weapon. The creation of this terrible weapon brought a huge number of problems in the USSR. This applies primarily to environmental problems. The presence of nuclear potential is fraught with the risk of environmental infection. Secondly, during hostilities there is a threat of an explosion or accident.
Stunning and terrifies the fact that the ruined post-war country was able to find the strength and potential to begin work on the creation of nuclear weapons. However, everything that concerned nuclear weapons: production, tests, new developments, was deeply and for a long time. People living in areas where tests were conducted, and did not suspect a threat. Also bathed in reservoirs, mokley under radioactive rain, collected infected mushrooms and berries. The whole truth opened only in 1999. The society stirred.
Nuclear support troops guarantee national security of Russia. The nuclear potential makes our country a great power of modernity. Events are held for nuclear support: exercises in peacetime, as well as actions during a period of any threat and during the conduct of hostilities.
Chernobyl tragedy
The terrible accident that occurred in Chernobyl shook the world. After the catastrophe at the nuclear power plant, people died from radiation disease, from cancer internal organs, children with all sorts of mutations were born. Until now, people who have at least some attitude towards this catastrophe are killed from cancer.
All these events forced the leaders of nuclear powers to think and revise their former position on nuclear weapons. The most important thing that stood now before the global countries is security. Measures were taken to tighten the control over atomic development. In Russia, an inspection of nuclear safety, nuclear ammunition and a rescue service was created. On the day of nuclear security, they remember all the liquidators soldiers who gave their lives, saving other people's lives.
Nuclear troops
Russian nuclear troops play a huge and important role for the security of the country. In the nuclear arsenal there is 448 carriers that are capable of carrying 2323 nuclear warheads. Russian nuclear troops include sea, as well as aviation strategic nuclear weapons. Also, the nuclear potential of the Russian Federation includes mobile terrestrial and stationary ballistic missiles.
In the troops of the nuclear supply of its own symbolism: the flag is represented by the four-pointed cross of white-colored orange-black-orange rays, the ends of which are expanded. The central part of the flag is three intersecting silver orbits with electrons.
On the day of a specialist in nuclear security and not only in this professional holiday, the best gift is the symbolism of nuclear troops. Nuclear troops to some extent include the troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection. These are the divisions of chemical and smoke protection and chemical and radiation intelligence, etc. The presence of special equipment for various reconnaissance activities, conducting various actions to protect against weapons of mass lesion - the main difference between these nuclear troops.
The day of nuclear security is the feast of the professionalism of every nuclear guard, one way or another involved in armed, whether it is a peaceful atom or not. The nuclear troops of Russia is a powerful argument against the aggressive forces of the enemy. To date, the work of nuclear troops is held within the framework of the state program of weapons. Nuclear support troops are the Fatherland Shield.
We will produce any attribute, tactical accessories, clothing and much more with symbols for your individual order!
Touch on questions you are interested in with our managers.
Loading...
