In Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (in Siberia and in the Urals) and some European countries, mushrooms are driving in mixed and deciduous forests after frequent rains, which usually falls for the period of August-October.
In the West, they are practically not collected, since because of the bitter taste, they are considered not tasty and not even edible. However, in our territories, since ancient times, the mushroom was considered a very valuable commercial mushroom, which was collected by the carts and shed a barrels.
Word " grup"Soming the Church Slavonic word" groove"What does it mean pile«.
Perhaps mushrooms received such a name due to the features of growing groups, families. Some researchers believe that the name "freak" was obtained as a result of their massiveness - loading. Since these mushrooms are rather dense and sweaty in comparison with other species of the same kind: flashlights, waves, rhymes, sorrogs.
The freight grows with groups, so if one is alone, then next, most likely, the rest of the family is hiding.
Yellow germ
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes, order - Russulales Family Syroezhkovy - RUSSULACEAE, Rod Million - Lactarius.
Yellow Gruce - Lactarius scrobiculatus. . In Rossi Mushroom enjoys wide popularity. Yellow germ has several names, for example: yellow wave, yellowing yellow, smooth, scribble.
Mushroom Description Grub Yellow
Hat mushroom It has a hat in diameter of 8-18 cm, can reach 25 cm, dense, fleshy, originally rounded-convex, then a more prostrated, shape of a funnel-edged, shaggy edges wrapped down. The surface of the hat is smooth, felt-wool, and in crude weather, adhesive, mucous, straw-yellow or golden, yellow-hidden, very often has dark weakly-free concentric zones, while pressing a little later.
Plates- descending, anastomosing legs near the legs (have weak jumpers), narrow, thin, frequent, cream, white-gray or white, becoming yellowish or piszzled with age, are chipped by pressing.
Leg.The feet of the mushroom is thick, short, length 4-6 cm, and a thickness of 2-4 cm, a cylindrical shape, from the bottom of the narrowed, one color with a hat, sometimes a little lighter (yellowish white or slightly drowned), has brown spots ( Pymenki "Ospinkami"). At old mushrooms, the leg becomes a hollow. The base of the leg can be pubescent.
Flesh The fungus on a white cut, with age, slightly yellowing, on the consistency is dense and brittle, the taste is sharp. Milky juice thick, abundant, caustic, white, in the air quickly yellowes, but during rainy weather may not change color. It has a pleasant smell, some literary sources characterize like fruit.
Disputes. Spore powder of yellowish-cream color or light-hidden. Spores of short-elite shape, almost spherical - 7.5-9.0 × 6.5-7.5 μm.
Yellow germ
Habitat. There are mushrooms, as a rule, in summer and autumn, July-October. Growing groups in coniferous and mixed forests, sometimes in mountain forests. Often forms mikurizu with birch and fir. Prefers wet places and acidic soils. Yellow germ has widespread in the northern moderate zone.
Edibility Mushroom Grub Yellow
Gruce yellow edible or conditionally edible mushroom 1st category. Use salted or pickled, after removal of bitterness with soaking or boiling. According to taste, it is not inferior to a mushroom that is real. In Western Europe, it is considered tasteless, due to bitterness and even a poisonous mushroom. Therefore, these mushrooms in Western Europe do not use food.
Smart black
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes. , order - Russulales. , Family Syroezhkovy - Russulaceae. , Rod Million - Lactarius. .
Synonyms: Chernushka, black doupelka, olive-black Gruzdery, Chernysh, Black lips, Black spruce Gruss, boiled, olive brown Gruzda, Roma.
Smooth black - Lactarius Necator .
Description of the mushroom
Hatin the diameter of 7-20 cm, in the center of the depressed, flat, sometimes bleeder with the felt edge wrapped. Skin During wet weather, the mucous or adhesive, with low-wave concentric zones or without them, dark olive color.
Flesh The mushroom is white, dense, brittle, on the cut acquires gray. Milky Juice White, abundant, taste is very caustic.
Leg 3-8 cm high, the diameter is 1.5-3 cm, smooth, to the bottom is narrowed, one color with a hat, at the top sometimes brighter, first solid, then the hollow, sometimes with deepening on the surface.
Plates Mushroom descending on the leg, frequent and thin, Wilcy-branched.
Spore powder Pale cream color.
Mushroom variability
The color of the hats varies from dark olive to yellowish-brown and dark brown. The hts can be darker than edges.
Ecology and distribution of mushroom Grub black
Forms mikurizu With birch. Grows in birchings, mixed forests, large groups in MCU, in the grass, on the litter, in bright places and in forest roads. The season begins with the middle of July and lasts to the middle of October (massively from the middle of August to the end of September).
Edibility Mushroom Grub Black
Conditional edible mushroom. Used fresh or fresh in second dishes. In saline acquires purple-burgundy color. Before preparation, it is necessary to carry out long-term processing to remove bitterness (soaking or boiling).
Grup present
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes, order - Russulales Family Syroezhkovy - RUSSULACEAE, rod Million - Lactarius.
Soil is real - Lactarius Resimus. . Grupper present also call raw germ, white grudge (Ural, Volga), governorates (Siberia), wet germ (Kazakhstan, Western Siberia).
Collecting mushrooms Gruzdey looks like hunting. It is necessary to get up early, about six o'clock in the morning. Otherwise, the risk of finding cut legs increases.
The search for the mushroom is carried out in birch forests, since the sozing is a real form with her Mikariz - a symbiosis of mycelium mushroom with roots of a tree.
Walking through the forest, it is necessary to look very carefully in all the irregularities and burgers of the soil, especially near the stump and under the birch, as the hat can be completely hidden under the fallen leaves or cheese. The freight does not like light, so they grow mainly in darkened wet places, slightly pressed against the ground. For convenience, you can take a long stick with you and use it to check the contents of the tubercles.
Grup This Description
Diameter hats 5-20 cm, initially flat-convex, later acquires a funnel shape with the edged edge wrapped inside, dense.
Skin Milk-white or slightly yellowish, wet, mucous, has unclear concentric zones, most often with adhesive particles of puff and soil.
Leg 3-7 cm high, 2-5 cm in diameter, smooth, cylindrical, white, or a bit yellowish, sometimes with yellow pits or stains, hollow.
Fleshmushroom, dense, white, with a characteristic smell that resembles the smell of fruit. Milky juice taste caustic, white, in the air becomes sulfur-yellow. Mushroom to the touch is wet, even in dry weather.
Platesthe fungus is quite frequent, weakly descending on the leg, wide, white with a yellowish tint.
Spore powder yellowish color.
Mushroom variability Here is a real
Old mushrooms records are yellowing, the leg becomes a hollow. On a hat can be a spook brown. The color of the plates can vary from yellowish to cream color.
Ecology and distribution of mushroom
It is found in mixed and deciduous forests: pine-birch, with linden undergrowth, birch. With birch forms mikurizu. Completed in the north of Russia, in Western Siberia, in the Urals, in Belarus, in the upper and middle Volga region. Growing large groups. It is not common.
For a favorable fruiting, the optimal temperature is 8-10 ° C on the surface of the soil. Season - July-September, in southern regions (middle Volga region, Belarus), August-September.
Edible mushroom Mushroom is real
Grup is a real edible or conditionally edible mushroom of the 1st category. After collecting mushrooms, proceed to their processing. Mushrooms are cleaned, wash, cut off the legs with particles of mycelium, fold them into a container with water and spend salt. Soldering of Gruzny, is a troublesome business. Pulling is carried out at least three days. At the same time it is necessary to change the water three times a day. Thus, toxic compounds from the mushroom are derived, due to which it is considered conditionally edible.
Classic Cold Soldering Soldering Mood
Before the pickling, mushrooms are soaked in salted and acidified water (10 g of salts and 2 g of citric acid per 1 liter of water). Pulling is carried out for 2 days, while the water is changed in the morning and in the evening. Then the mushrooms are placed on the bottom, in the prepared capacitances, the caps down, hacking the salt at the rate of 40-50 g per 1 kg of mushrooms. When the container is filled, the mushrooms are covered with a clean cloth, installed on top of the circle and put a small cargo on it. After 2-3 days, the mushrooms are compacted and the juice is highlighted, they add a new portion of mushrooms, observing the same rules. So do until the precipitate of mushrooms will stop. Cargo not shoot! Mushrooms must be necessarily covered with the resulting brine. If it is not enough, you can add salted boiled water and increase weight. Filled tanks are carried out in cold by 35-40 days.
Grup raw
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes, order - Russulales Family Syroezhkovy - RUSSULACEAE, rod Million - Lactarius.
Grows in birch, fir and mixed forests since the beginning of autumn and to late autumn. Grup raw grows by groups and singly. Period of fruction July-September.
Description Mushroom Gruss
Hat The fungus is large, in a dimer of up to 20 cm, white, sometimes greenish-white, rounded-convex form or flat, the young mushroom is flat-convex. Later becomes funk-like, with a wrapped down the shaggy edge, becomes weakly yellowish, with barely noticeable watery zones. During raw weather, the surface of a very mucist mushroom hats.
Fleshbroke, white, dense, highlights white white juice, which tastes burning, with a specific aroma. Being in air juice becomes sulfur-yellow.
Leg White mushroom, naked, short, thick up to 5 cm length. When ripening, sometimes inside a hollow, with yellowish spots.
Edibility of the fungus Gruse
It is conditionally edible, refers to the 1st category. After mandatory, pre-prolonged soaking in water, is used for salting and marination. In this case, the water change. The calorieness of mushrooms Georgus is twice as much as the beef of average quality, kinnaya meat and three times - whole milk. Dry substance Hats Glow contains:
- proteins - 32.2%;
- fats - 6.9%;
- sahars - 4.2%;
- extractive substances - 5.8%.
Ospen Gruce or Patolesale
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes. , order - Russulales. , Family Syroezhkovy - Russulaceae. , Rod Million - Lactarius. .
Aspen Gruce - Lactarius Controversus. .
Synonyms: Topolem, Belyanka.
Mushroom Description Grubs Osin
Hat In a diameter 6-30 cm, very dense and fleshy, flat-convex shape and a little intended in the center. Young mushrooms slightly bent down fluffy edges. Over time, the edges are painted and often become wavy. Skin White color with pink stains, covered with a small gun, in crude weather it is very sticky.
Plates The mushroom is non-Ukrainy, sometimes split, frequent, descending on the leg, cream color or light pink.
Spore powder Pink color, controversy size of 7 × 5 μm, folded, amyloid, housing, almost round.
Leg The mushroom is 3-8 cm in height, low, strong, very dense and sometimes eccentric, most often to the base narrows, white or pinkish color, in the upper part of the mild.
Flesh White, brittle, dense, has a pleasant fruit smell and a rather sharp taste.
Milky Juice White, color in the air does not change, abundant, caustic.
Mushroom variability Gruce aspen
At first, the plates are whitish, over time they are pink and at the end become light orange. Hat white, with pink and lilac concentric zones.
Ecology and distribution of mushroom
Forms mikurizu with a guy, a poplar and aspen. It is very rare. Growing small groups in raw ossinniks and poplar forests. It is common in the warm parts of a moderate climatic belt, in Russia it is found in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Lower Volga region. Season - July-October.
Edibility of the mushroom Grub aspen
Edible mushroom, 2nd categories. Food is used salted, after soaking for 1-2 days and boiling for 10-15 minutes. Sometimes it is used in fresh form in second dishes. Often, experienced mushrooms conduct multiple boiling (three times 10 minutes) with washing.
Grup parchment
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes. , order - Russulales. , Family Syroezhkovy - Russulaceae. , Rod Million - Lactarius. .
Parchment germ - Lactarius Pergamenus. .
Mushroom Description Smart Parchment
Hat In diameter 6-20 cm, initially convex-flat shape, then funnelized. Skin Smooth or wrinkled, white, later yellowish or with ocher stains.
Plates Mushroom descending on a leg, yellowish-white color, very frequent.
Spore powder - White.
Leg Long, 6-10 cm high, narrowed, dense, white, smooth.
Flesh White, bitter. Milky Juice White, abundant, very caustic, the color in the air does not change.
Ecology and distribution of mushroom
Forms mikurizu With coniferous and deciduous trees. Growing, in those places as the germ, sometimes fruits large groups. Meets from Eastern Siberia to Western Europe. Season - Aug. Sept.
Edacying Mushroom Grub Parchment
Some sources are considered inedible . However, some reduction gives the opportunity to consider a smudge parchment as conditionally edible after singing like a mushroom Mushroom Pepper.
PERSONSHIP
Systematics. Class - Basidiomycetes. , order - Russulales. , Family Syroezhkovy - Russulaceae. , Rod Million - Lactarius. .
Pepper gently - Lactarius Piperatus. .
Description Mushroom Mushroom Pepper
Hat The mushroom in diameter is 4-15 cm. First weakly-convex, the center is added, and the edges are wrapped down, with age we are spread, acquiring, while more funnel shape. Skin Smooth, dry, weakly-brilliant or matte, in adulthood often wrinkled radial. In the mature age of white, often with cream or oath stains.
Plates The fungus is rather narrow, frequent, descending, sometimes prigious. Sour cream, then cream, oath-white, often drops of the milky juice of white.
Spore The size of 7-10.4 × 5.2-7.5 there are also other information. Form from oblong to rounded, ornamented. Spore powder white.
Leg Mushroom measuring 4 × 9.5 × 1.2-3.0 cm, to the base, often narrowed, cylindrical, solid, smooth, very dense. White color, in adulthood is often with oath or pale stains.
Fleshthe mushroom is quite brittle, white, very dense. Milky Juice White, when drying, the color does not change or becomes weakly yellow, the damaging, sometimes abundant, not coagped, very caustic. Burning, you can feel after a few seconds. A drop of Feso 4 paints the pulp in the creamy pink color.
Ecology and distribution of mushroom
Growing circles or rows in raw darkened deciduous, less often in coniferous forests. Season - July-September, but usually in the summer peak fruction.
Prefers well-drained clay soils.
Edibility Mushroom Mushroom Pepper
Edible mushroom 4th category. Gearing pepper is the lowest mushroom among Gruse.
After pre-dying and boiling, the mushroom is used for salting. The taste is very mediocre. In the Caucasus, sometimes the pepper is dried, rub into powder, then used as a burning seasoning instead of pepper.
Systematics:
- Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subsidation: agaricomycotina (agaricomycetes)
- Class: Agaricomycetes (agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Incertae sedis (indefinite position)
- Order: RUSSULALES (RUSNUAL)
- Family: RUSSULACEAE (raw)
- Rod: Lactarius (Meltnik)
- View: Lactarius Resimus (Present Grub)
- Other mushroom names:
Synonyms:
- Grup present
- Grup white
- Grup raw
- Wet germ
- Grub is right
Description
Grup present (Lat. Lactarius Resimus.) - Mushroom Milemnik (Lat. Lactarius) Syroezhkovy family (Lat. Russulaceae).
Hat ∅ 5-20 cm, first flat-convex, then funnel-shaped closed edge, dense. Skin mucosa, wet, milky white or slightly yellowish color with unclear watery concentric zones, often with adhesive particles of soil and puff.
Leg 3-7 cm in height, ∅ 2-5 cm, cylindrical, smooth, white or yellowish color, sometimes with yellow spots or pits, hollow.
Flesh Breaking, dense, white, with a very characteristic smell resembling the smell of fruit. Milky juice is rich, caustic, white, in the air becomes sulfur.
Plates Gruple is quite frequent, wide, weakly descending on the leg, white with a yellowish tint.
Spore powder yellowish color.
The old leg becomes a hollow, the plates are yellow. The color of the plates can vary from yellowish to cream. On the hat can be brown spots.
Spread
Gruss is found in deciduous and mixed forests (birch, pine-birch, with a linden undergrowth). Common in the northern regions of Russia, in Belarus, in the Upper and Middle Volga region, in the Urals, in Western Siberia. It occurs infrequently, but abundantly, it is usually growing in large groups. Optimal average daily fruiting temperature of 8-10 ° C on the surface of the soil. The freight form mycorrhiza with birch. July - September, in the southern parts of the range (Belarus, middle Volga) August - September.
Similar types:
- It has a felt hat with not sipped edges, is most often under beech.
- It has a smooth or slightly velvety hat, the milk juice in the air becomes olive-green.
- Grows in raw oxine and popolev forests.
- Smaller sizes, a hat is less mucous and more fluffy.
- It is easily different in the absence of Milky Juice.
All these mushrooms are conditional and edible.
Remarks
In the West, almost unknown or is considered inedible, in Russia, traditionally is considered the best conditionally edible mushroom. After removal, the bitterness goes to salmon, salty mushrooms acquire a bluish tint, meatysters, juicy, possess a special aroma. It is believed that the calorie content of the freight is superior to meat. In a dry substance, the mushroom contains 32% protein. According to the Siberian method, the freight is salted along with other mushrooms (). Mushrooms are soaked on one day, periodically changing water, then washed and poured with water for a day. Are sued in barrels with spices. Gudget is suitable in 40-50 days.
In the old days, the real was considered the only mushroom, suitable for the seating, called "the king of fungi". Only in Kargopolsky county annually collected up to 150 thousand puddles of rhyge and gruzk and salty, taken out to St. Petersburg. List of dishes on a dinner dinner on March 17, 1699 in Patriarch Adriana: "... Three pie long with mushrooms, two pie with glows, cold mushrooms under a horseradish, freeway cold with butter, gretty with juice and butter ..." as seen, during Post The main decoration of the table was all sorts of weak dishes.
Mushrooms are groove Grow only in countries to the post of Soviet space, they don't know anywhere else about them. They are the most popular among other mushrooms. For example, in Siberia, they used to collected and sold only freight. This is all because they are very tasty, and in the forests there are always much growing.
Why exactly called freak? Perhaps this means the word "pile", that is, such mushrooms are always growing with groups. There is a second option, they were so called because of their size, they are too ground and massive. Compared to other mushrooms of this kind (waves, flashlights, rhyge), they are really more by weight and more tightly on the texture.
It is best to plant freight. Most dishes are prepared from already saline mushrooms, even all the favorite freaks with sour cream. It happens that they are roasted, but it is very rare.
Often weselves refer to raw materials, but this opinion is wrong. According to its taste quality, the best of all Gruza is considered raw, in second place - black.
If, who decides to visit the forest and give the full basket of delicious Gruza, it is important to know how they look. The memo will help the novice mushroom with the definition of which mushroom he found and is it possible to eat it. The only minus - it's hard enough to find, as well hide under the leaves. It is important to remember if one germ is found, it means that several more somewhere.
This gentle has several features.that will help the mushrooms to determine what kind of fungus he found. A hat for such a weft with a diameter of about 7-12 centimeters, but can reach and 20, in addition, it has a slightly convex form. The edges of the hats are fluffy and slightly cooked.
A hat has white or cream color, on the touch dense. Later yellow, and there are small debris on it. Often in the Urals and in the Volga region, such a germ is called raw due to its mucosa. As long as it just begins to grow, it is difficult to notice under the leaves, and its hat is flat.
Grup raw.
Such a mushroom can be found in birch mixed and fir forests. Begins to grow in June, and finishes late autumn. Most of all them from July and September. They can grow both groups and alone.
The diameter of the cap reaches 20 centimeters, white in color, although it can be a bit greenish. It can be convex or flat. A late small shape of a funnel cap shape, the color becomes yellowish, the edges of the shaggy and cooked down. On a hat, you can watch barely noticeable watery zones. When the weather is rainy, sticky hat.
White pulp is very dense, but brittle, able to highlight caustic thick juice with fragrant odor. The air becomes sulfur.
The mushroom holds on a thick, white leg, whose length is up to 5 centimeters.
The raw germ can be coated and marine, but before this should be soaked for a long time.
Gruce aspen.
You can rarely meet aspen sozine, although in some places there are many of them. Usually they grow by groups. The mushroom is edible, but in front of how to plant, you need to carefully soak it in water and boil.
The place of his growth is easy to determine by the name, that is, it is possible to find it in the aspen forests, but often meet in the poplar forests, it is not for nothing that it has a second name - a poplarian. It happens that the aspen is inhabited in Olkhovy forests, but very rarely. Grow from mid-summer in September.
It happens, the mushrooms will pass this germ, but everything, not because they did not notice it, but, on the contrary, he is too big in size. Many people simply do not want to carry one mushroom, whose hat is not less than a plate. It is in this way that the aspen is struggling for survival, hoping that their such big, no one will take.
The size of the hat can reach 30 centimeters, even young people grow very quickly. Initially, the hat has a rounded shape, but later becomes flat. Color white with small stains. When the weather is rainy, reddish spots appear on the hat.
For a long time, the aspen grudge grows underground, so leaving the surface, has a dirty appearance. The disputes of this mushroom are pinkish, but in the rain become imperceptible.
Frequent plates go down to the leg, she herself is thick and short. The pulp is quite dense, when it is cut, a burning juice with a fruit smell flows out of it.
It is easy to confuse with other types of weak, but if it is better to get acquainted with him, then there will be no problems. To your lips are not inferior to the black ground. The only minus is a lot of garbage on a hat, which is difficult to scrape.
Popole mushroom is rare, but in some places, for example, in the floodplain of the Lower Volga, there are many growing. Dwells in poplar and aspen forests. Often groups, almost never alone. Their growth period: from July to September.
A hat is about 10 centimeters, but can reach 20. Its form is a bit convex, in the middle is indulge, and the edges bent. Later acquires a funnel shape, small pinkish spots appear.
The plates are too frequent, a bit pinkish. Spores have cream-pinking color. In addition, they have a rounded shape with small spikes that are connected to the mesh.
Leg length about five centimeters, maybe less. Thickness 2 centimeters. A little curved, has a dirty white color. White flesh, and her juice is very caustic, but pleasant by smell.
Popole germ very similar to other types of weak, especially for this. The only difference is the pinkish plates. Often weakly confused with a white wave, but in contrast to it, the hat is large, and the edges are not fluffy.
This mushroom can only be frozen.
Grup parchment.
It is often attributed to such a germ to inedible mushrooms, because of its caustic juice. However, it belongs to the fourth category on edible, and it can be eaten, but before this you need to soak and boil on it, but only then plant.
Growing parchment soil in coniferous and deciduous forests. They can be found by large groups. Capable to form mikurizu with trees coniferous and deciduous. Start their height in August, and finish in September.
The hat is capable of reaching 20 centimeters. Its form is a bit convex, later becomes a funnel. The color is white, later turns yellow or spots appear on it.
Plates are frequent, descend down to the leg, yellowish tint.
The leg is long enough, downstairs is narrowing. Its color is white.
Juice and flesh white white. In the air, their color does not change, the taste is very bitter.
Pepper Gruzdery received its name because of the island of taste, like pepper.
Pepper grows in oak and deciduous forests. Sometimes there are one by one, but mostly small groups. Start their height in July, and finish in October. Most often, it is sued, but before that long time is soaked and boiled.
A small hat can have a small size, about 5 centimeters, and can reach 20. Its form initially rounded and convex, and only then becomes a funnel. At first, the edges are wrapped, later straight. The hat is smooth and dry, white in bloom, when the mushroom begins to grow old, it becomes yellowish. If it is survived, a greenish stain is formed.
The plates go down to the leg and have a white color, later become cream. The feet of the mushroom is dense and short (up to 7 cm), narrows at the base. Color is predominantly white.
White flesh, smoothly goes into greenish or yellowish colors. When laying it becomes bluish.
Milky juice has a white color, in the air becomes bluish. The taste is caustic, and the taste is sharp. Bitter taste will disappear, if we soak and boil the ground.
Smart black .
Black grudge or cartilage grows in mixed and deciduous forests. You can find this under birch. In the people, such a mushroom is often called Chernushka. Few mushrooms like this germ because of the extremely unpleasant species, and he is almost impaired, but this mushroom is very tasty and practically no worm.
Gruzny hat is very strong and flat. After some time, the black color becomes, and its surface becomes mucous. The edges of the Hats bent down the book, have a light shade, at times lighter than the middle part of the Hat.
The plates go down to the leg, have a white color, and then yellow. If you break up or press a little, then small spots of brown color are formed.
The leg is coarse and thick, later becomes the hollow and has a greenish tint.
White flesh, begins to darken at the break. There is quite a lot of white and caustic juice. The taste is very bitter. And the smell of fresh resin. Spore powder white.
Grow black mushroom, starts in July, and finishes in mid-October. It is possible to use it only in saline. It is impossible to confuse with inedible and poisonous.
A black germ is kept for a long time, does not lose its strength, the only thing that the hat acquires a cherry or purple color.
Before sleeping in Chernushki, they should be poured with water cold, add a little salt or vinegar. After that, press the wooden circle with the cargo. You can also boil to saline.
Mushrooms Glows that are depicted in the photo, very tasty and useful, the main thing is to adhere to safety, and remember if you are not sure what kind of fungus, it should be thrown away, take care of your health! Stay with our site, we still have a lot of interest!
Icestari in Russia are walked for taste and yield. They were collected entire carts and shed huge barrels. Europe does not consider them edible and in vain.
A huge species diversity of weakness belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms.
A distinctive feature is his funnel-shaped hat with a fringe or curved book by the edge. He has a short, fibrous, hollow inside.
From the end of July and September in wet shaded parts of the deciduous forest appear various freight:
- white - with a fragrant dense pulp, a white or creamy hat, characteristic of a small form - with an indulged in the center with a hat, which seems to be wet and smooth to the touch. If you break the body, then the blunt "Milky Juice", yellowing in the air, is distinguished. This species is in demand and the mushrooms are happy with pleasure. Connoisseurs argue that the real white germ smells fresh fruit;
- black - a hat has a dark green, with a deep tide in black, painting. To the taste is not inferior to a white mind and is valued by gourmets for a subtle taste;
- yellow - characterized by a bright yellow painting cap and characteristic holes on a thick hollow leg;
- gorough - with a reddish-brown or brown hat. There is no smell. The name received for a very bitter taste. After soaking is an excellent raw material for salting. It is allocated from it that inhibits the vital activity of golden staphylococcus and intestinal sticks;
- red and brown - edible mushroom with large (æ18 cm) with a red-brown-brown hat, pinkish yellow, brownish color. If you press the hat, then the dent becomes brown.
False wears only a few species:
- pepper - has a burning "pepper" smell, Milky Juice, unlike the real white weft, becomes greenish in the air. Hat has a light cream color,
- meltnik camphor - outwardly very similar to the freight. The young mushroom makes the aroma of camphor, which changes with age. Older smells of sweet-vanilla aroma, similar to the smell of coconut pulp. Hat in amphoric brown mushroom. With an outfit, thin plates have cream color with a light yellowish tint;
- the milecie is a warm - mushroom, belonging to the family of raw materials, externally similar to the mushroom red-brown. Refers to the conditionally edible;
- scripper - externally resembles a white fungus, but a white felt hat, with a touch, the characteristic "creak" is published;
- meltchik Hepatic - Inedible Mushroom, very similar to Gorough Gluff.
The listed types of false gruss can not be called completely inedible or poisonous. With proper processing and singing, they can be eaten, although in their tasteings they inferior to the same white.
On a breakdown or cut, a large amount of milky juice is highlighted in false grulds. From this group the most dangerous is a camphor meltnik. In its cells, a large amount of muscarine is accumulated - vegetable alkaloid, which is only in mushrooms.
There are no poisonous twins, but with incorrect thermal processing and non-compliance with the diversion of soaking and salting, it is possible to obtain poisoning, which, as a rule, passes independently.
The medical literature contains many different classifications of poisoning mushrooms. But today, the classification proposed in 1968 remains the current classification. Locae based on clinical symptoms of poisoning.
According to this classification, containing muscarine, poisonous fungi attributed to the second group - neurotropic mushrooms. The composition of mushrooms from this group includes not only muscarine, but also a number of alkaloids - muscaridine, muscimol, as well as iboten acid.
When poisoning with mushrooms containing muscarine, the first symptoms of poisoning appear quite quickly - after 0.5-2 hours.
The symptom complex depends on the amount of alkaloid and its type. In mushrooms, where the quantity of muscarine, cholinergic syndrome prevails in the clinical picture:
- myiosis;
- salivation;
- bronchora;
- bronchokostrication;
- top-like pains in the stomach;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- diarrhea.
Symptoms of poisoning are similar to gastroenteritis. But it is not necessary to refer to poisoning. When the first signs, you need to call a doctor.
Immediately after hospitalization, the patient is conducted by the detoxification of the body starting with the intestinal cleaning. Under the conditions of the hospital, this is carried out only by the probe method.
In case the patient is unconscious, the washing starts after intubation. For a more complete cleansing of the intestines, an enema is prescribed or laxative - vaseline oil, sodium thiosulfate 33% or sorbitol 1-2 grams of matter for each kilogram of body weight (in the absence of diarrhea).
To bind and remove toxin from the intestines, enterosorbents acting in its cavity are prescribed - enterosorb, polysorb, enterosgel, smect. Antidote to Muscarin is atropine. It is injected intramuscularly or intravenously (1%, 1-2 mg). Antidote to muscaridine and similar to it substances, are:
- Aminostigmine, which is introduced 1-2 mg, every half an hour before reaching 6 mg;
- Physiostigmine - dose (0.01mg / kg body weight) are administered every 1-2 hours to achieve the necessary effect;
- Galanamine - Initially 0.01 mg / kg. This dose is repeated every 1-2 hours before achieving the desired result.
The symptomatic therapy is carried out in:
- forced diuresis;
- correction of water-electrolyte disorders.
If the disease is accompanied by convulsive syndrome, then prescribed intravenous 20% sodium oxybutyrate or 0.5% diazepam solution.
Patients with poisoning of mushrooms belonging to the neurotropic group are mandatory hospitalized in the separation of intensive therapy in order to provide, if necessary, help to normalize external respiration.
Other reasons for poisoning
The threat to health is not only false groove. Even edible mushrooms can harm if they were collected in places where they absorbed and accumulated various harmful substances - salts of heavy metals, carcinogenic and mutagenic substances.
So, for example, bitter germ is able to accumulate radioactive isotopes of cesium. Therefore, it is impossible to collect mushrooms in the area of \u200b\u200bindustrial enterprises, along the roads and railway canvases, in the zones of ecological catastrophe and man-made accidents.
In addition, the freight - mushrooms of wet, shaded places. They are unable to save moisture. In the arid time, the mushrooms dry and become poisonous. There were cases of poisoning by weselves, flawed after early frosts. For food and canning are selected whole, without grooves and damage, young mushrooms.
To get rid of the bitter Milky Juice, they are soaked in salted water (1 tbsp. Spoon of salt on 1 l of cold water). It is necessary to withstand mushrooms for 2-3 days, after 4-5 hours changing water.
Before use, drumming. The best prevention of poisoning is the correct billet and processing of raw materials for salting, conservation or cooking of mushrooms.
White grudge is a very interesting instance for mushrooms. Among other mushrooms belonging to the pet family, it is most popular. Gribniki-professionals he enjoys a special demand due to its taste.
White germ always grows a bunch, so collecting him in the forest is a pleasure.
Origin of the name of the mushroom
There are many versions from where the name "Grub" has come from.
The most common version explains it like this: from the word "pile" (i.e., a bunch), which is due to the nature of the growing of mushrooms of this species. Such a mushroom has many other names: the raw grudge, real, etc.
Gruzny collection is carried out from June to the end of September.
Grudge was so called because of white color. The raw is called it due to the presence of the characteristic odor and slightly mucous coating.It refers to the flashlights, since it contains a sufficiently large amount of Milky juice. It is counted for the first class, which includes edible mushrooms.
The view is growing primarily in the north, northwest of the Euro-Asian continent. Conducted by this suitable climatic conditions. You can find such a germ in mixed, deciduous forests, most of all he prefers birch and aspen planting. But in the coniferous forest to meet raw freight is very difficult.
The season for garbage collection begins in July, and ends in September. Although in some localities, they can be found in June.
Such mushrooms love to grow in special climatic conditions. The most suitable temperature regime is + 10 ° C. For a rich crop, we need elevated humidity, rainy weather.
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How to find white freight?
To distinguish a white germ from the fungi similar to it, it is worth finding out what characteristics it possesses. So, let's start with the hat. Young mushrooms inherent in white or dairy hat. Its diameter reaches 5-8 cm. In shape, it resembles a slightly convex saucer.
Plates Squeezes are found on the leg, hat of a wavy shape.
But the adult germ has a yellow-willed hat. Sometimes yellowish spots may occur. The shape of her funk-like, but the edges are slightly wrapped inside. The inner part has oblong plates of yellow. In the diameter of the adult mushroom hat, it reaches 20 cm.
White paper leg has the same color color as the top of the mushroom. Its length is usually 6 cm, width - 4 cm. Inside it is a hollow. When collecting weak, the mushroom can see how Milky Juice is released on a slice. It has white color and characteristic smell. It is he who will help determine that this is not a dry ground, but white.
What other signs have a real germ? His search for quite a long time. It is worth arming with some wand, with which you need to face various tubercles and bulges. Hiding such a mushroom is always under the layer of leaves or under moss, so it looks not always clean.
Alone white freight is never touched. If lucky to find the cherished clearing, then you can be sure that the basket will be filled quite quickly. Cutting them, you can immediately feel thin notes of fruit fragrance. There are false mushrooms that are very similar to white freight. They grow almost in the same conditions, but relate to conditionally edible. It is possible to distinguish them to taste the Milky Juice. In the first, he is bitter, but the second has a sweet taste.
The most similar to the real gudes are screenshots. They really creak on the teeth, but externally have almost the same look, so they are very easy to confuse. Unlike raw, they are much cleaner, as they grow on the surface, never be worm.
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Why prefer this view?
For frying, the freight is not suitable, but ideal for salting.
The mushrooms under consideration are greatly popular with Slavs. In European countries, they have not gained great popularity. White freight is very helpful. The composition of these fungi includes a huge number of useful trace elements, vitamins B and C. The amount of protein reaches 32%, which can be compared with such products like milk and meat. The calorie content of this product is only 18 kcal per 100 g. Therefore, it is not surprising that the percentage of fats reaches Tolcheo 6% of the total.
Such a composition is suitable for those who are sitting on a diet, do not eat meat or observes the post. The dishes, which will include raw germ, easily replace meat dishes. This is possible due to the dense structure of the pulp, which resembles meat. In cooking, old mushrooms can not be used, so the mushrooms are collecting only young, as they have the best taste characteristics, as well as less labor crops.
For frying, the freight is not suitable, because as a result of processing they have a bitter taste. Gudget is better to boil, preliminarily prepared mushrooms. The optimal option is salting. Salted groove is a delightful dish that can be served on a table in the form of a full snack or as a side dish.
Boiled mushrooms should be soaked in advance for 24 hours, every 2 hours it is advisable to change water. Then drunk 2 hours on slow fire. The resulting product can be used in the form of filling for pies, pizza, as the main dish.
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