In the section on the Question, name the reasons for the formation of many years of permanent. How does it affect nature, life and human activity ??? Posted by the author Outlooked The best answer is
Merzlota contributes to the wiping of agricultural land, as a result of which additional reclamation work is needed, i.e., removing excessive moisture from the fields.
Two can be distinguished from positive factors: the creation of natural refrigerators for storing perishable products and saving fasteners in mines and mines.
Answer from 22 response[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with the answers to your question: Call the reasons for the formation of many years of permanent. How does it affect nature, life and human activity ???
Answer from Egor Sharipov[newcomer]
since the axis is inclined by 66 degrees and the sun's rays in the region of permafrost fell smaller
Answer from Okay[guru]
Answer from Food[active]
Perennial Merzlota has a great influence on man's economic activity. It creates significant obstacles to the production of earthworks, structures and operation of various buildings, etc. Heated buildings erected at many years of marzlot, eventually settle due to the thawing of soil under them, cracks appear in them, and sometimes they are destroyed. Perennial Merzlota also makes it difficult to water supply in settlements and on railways. It required the development of special construction methods under multi-rigid rocks.
1. Dental Cold Winter and Short Cool Summer 2. No Snow Cover
Answer from Zorab Avetisyan[newcomer]
Perennial Merzlota has a great influence on man's economic activity. It creates significant obstacles to the production of earthworks, structures and operation of various buildings, etc. Heated buildings erected at many years of marzlot, eventually settle due to the thawing of soil under them, cracks appear in them, and sometimes they are destroyed. Perennial Merzlota also makes it difficult to water supply in settlements and on railways. It required the development of special construction methods under multi-rigid rocks.
since the axis is inclined by 66 degrees and the sun's rays in the region of permafrost fall less
1. Dental Cold Winter and Short Cool Summer 2. No Snow Cover
Answer from Dato Aboyan.[newcomer]
The main reason for the occurrence of many years of permits is an exceptionally cold climate, in the conditions of which breeds have temperatures below the point of their freezing. Merzlot Merzlota is the result of harsh climatic conditions, mainly harsh low-speed winters.
The following factors contribute to education and preservation of permits:
Negative average annual temperatures, harsh and long winter, the drainage depth exceeds the depth of summer thawing.
Answer from Vlad Matveenko[newcomer]
Perm region
Answer from Alyona Dyakonova[newcomer]
Pie
Answer from Arseny Rodin[active]
pies)))
Answer from Ђ S.[newcomer]
😀
Answer from Inna Mordacheva[newcomer]
m Prrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Causes of distribution of many years of permissal in Eastern Siberia
Healthy Ekaterina
1. Relief
The long-term Merzlota affects the relief, since water and ice have different density, as a result of which freezing and thawing rocks undergo deformation. It is also important that the frozen soil does not pass water.
The most common type of deformation of frozen soils is a baudge associated with an increase in the volume of water during freezing. Arising from this positive form of relief are called mudigurs; The altitude of them is usually not more than 2 m. If the bugs are formed within a peat tundra, they are usually called peatiguras.
For the regions of many years of marzlot, as well as for the so-called structural soils - the relief forms arising from the complex process of sorting the inhomogeneous soil mass, saturated with water, with its repeated freezing and thawing.
2. Rivers
Rivers feed mainly due to the melting of snow cover at the beginning of summer and summer rains. Some role in the nutrition of rivers is played by groundwater and melting "eternal" snow and glaciers in the high mountains, as well as forehead. In winter, nondes are formed in many rivers, and small rivers are freezing to the bottom.
Iceshop begins in the last decade of May - early June. At this time, the highest water level is observed on most rivers. In some places (for example, in the bottoms of Yana), in the result of ice, water rises sometimes 15-16 m above the winter level. During the half of the river, the rivers are intensively blocked their shores and clutter the trunks of trees forming numerous chains.
3. Soil
Eternal Merzlota is a good waterproof, so it often serves as the soil thawing thawing in the summer.
On the permafrost, specific Gley-Merzloit Taiga and Merzloid Taiga Soil are formed.
4. Vegetable world
climate Geographic Merzlotte Relief
Shallow layer's shallow layer causes the formation of oppressed plantings in plants, reduces the stability of trees against the wind. Perennial Merzlota inhibits the development of plants.
5. Human economic activity
In agriculture, the long-term permafrost in some cases limits the possibilities of the development of certain crops, in others, favors the cultivation of plants due to the additional humidification of the soils created during seasonal thawing of the active layer.
Agriculture has reached certain success. Indigirki and Kolyma Sauchomes created in the upper reaches satisfy part of the needs of the population in fresh vegetables, milk and meat. In the Yakut collective farms of the northern and mountainous areas, reindeer herding, fur fishing and fisheries, giving significant commercial products. Some mountainous areas also developed horse breeding. Significant squares of the placenta and mountain tundra are good deer pastures, and the meadows of river valleys serve as a feed base for cattle and horses.
The harsh climate limits the possibility of developing agriculture. In the tundra zone, where the sum of the average daily temperatures above 10 °, even in the south barely reaches 600 °, only radishes can be grown, salad, spinach and onions on the feather. The south is also cultivated by turnips, tours, cabbage, potatoes. In particularly favorable conditions, mainly on the gentle slopes of the southern exposition, you can sow early oats. More favorable conditions for animal husbandry ..
The mining industry is currently the basis of the economy and gives the country a lot of valuable metals.
6. Causes of distribution of many years of permissal in Eastern Siberia
Severe Sunny Winters
Short summer
The average annual temperature is below 0 degrees
7. Why in the conditions of many years of permanent houses and industrial buildings should be built on piles
With engineering structures, construction of iron and road roads, etc. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of bright and sidets of soils, sliding the thawing soils on the slopes (solifluction), the formation of forehead on the roads, at the bridges, etc.
So, large houses in the districts of the North are built on special technologies, in particular, the built box of the panel house is left for several years so that the house is settled. If the soil begins to swim under it, then it is disassembled and collected in a new place. On deep-driven piles of the house build not to break the temperature of the soil. The carrying capacity of the piles, enlarged in pre-drilled wells, ensures the stability of structures, and the underground ventilated underground protects the soil from the thermal effects of the workshop or residential building.
The answer was left the guest
Two can be distinguished from positive factors: the creation of natural refrigerators for storing perishable products and eco-nomia of fasteners in mines and mines
The main reason for the occurrence of many years of permits is an exceptionally cold climate, in the conditions of which breeds have temperatures below the point of their freezing.
Merzlot Merzlota is the result of harsh climatic conditions, mainly harsh low-speed winters.
The following factors contribute to education and preservation of permits:
Negative average annual temperatures, harsh and long winter, the drainage depth exceeds the depth of summer thawing.
Perennial Merzlota has a great influence on man's economic activity. It creates significant obstacles to the production of earthworks, structures and operation of various buildings, etc. Heated buildings erected at many years of marzlot, eventually settle due to the thawing of soil under them, cracks appear in them, and sometimes they are destroyed. Perennial Merzlota also makes it difficult to water supply in settlements and on railways. It required the development of special construction methods under multi-rigid rocks.
Merzlota contributes to the wiping of agricultural land, as a result of which additional reclamation work is needed, i.e., removing excessive moisture from the fields.
Two can be distinguished from positive factors: the creation of natural refrigerators for storing perishable products and saving fasteners in mines and mines.
Perennial Merzlota has a diverse effect on the nature of the provinces where it is widespread. First of all, it makes it difficult to move the groundwater - frozlory, inter-seed and, especially, superdiece, located closest to the daily surface. It strongly limits the underground nutrition of the rivers of Middle and Eastern Siberia. Underground water in these conditions often form a nondes, bugs of the swelling and other form of relief, which give specific features of the surface of the Sushi of the eastern regions of Siberia. In the north-east of the CIS about 4000 forehead (in Yakutski - Taryn), in which about 25 billion m3 of ice is concluded. Pulling frozen soils and drawdowns contribute to the widespread thermocouple and caused by the peculiar relief of the North-Siberian, Indigi, Kolyma, Central Yakutsk and other lowlands and the plateau in the regions of many years of permanent.
The long-term Merzlota adversely affects the development of vegetable and soil covers. Plants under the excess cold conditions do not receive normal nutrition, give a slight increase in the organic matter, insufficiently cover the surface of the soil. Especially detrimental to the Merzlota affects wood vegetation, which has a clearly oppressed species rarending ancient, poor species composition. In Central and Eastern Siberia from the woods best withstands the long-term Merzlot Daurry larch.
In the provinces of distribution of many years of milling, soil cover is also poorly developed. In Middle and Eastern Siberia, coarse-tempered stony soils are widespread due to the predominance of frosty weathelation over the chemical and biological, on the plains - everywhere of the phenomenon. Soils under these conditions are primitively developed, low, are characterized by sharply depressed biochemical processes, disadvantage of nutrients.
Widely distributed in the middle and east siberi of the phenomenon of solifluction, which, along with heat terror, have a large embedded value.
The most common type of deformation of frozen soils is a baudge associated with an increase in the volume of water during freezing. Arising from this positive form of relief are called mudigurs; Their height is usually not more than 2 m. If the buggers were formed within a peat tundra, then they are usually called peatigars; Peat is a good thermal insulator, a merzott under it remains for a long time and often in those places that are considered free from many years of milling, for example on the Kola Peninsula. The height of peat bugs can reach 3-7 m, in terms they are usually rounded, sometimes arranged by one, but more often by groups.
In the summer, the top layer of many years of milling is thawing. The underlying of the Merzlood interferes with melting water to leak down; Water, if it does not find the flow into the river or the lake, remains in place until the autumn when it freezes again. In the spring, thawing went from top to bottom as the result of aligning temperatures of heated air and still cold soil; In the fall, the change in temperature is also faster in the air and the freezing goes from top to bottom. As a result, melt water turns out between the waterproof layer of constant permanent distance from below and gradually growing from top to bottom with a layer of new, seasonal permanent. The ice takes a greater volume than water. Water, being between two layers of ice under huge pressure, finds the weakest place in the seasonal semiconductor layer and breaks it. If it is poured onto the surface, the ice field is formed - Flame; The geomorphological significance of the land is that intensive frosty weathering is underway. If on the surface is a dense moss-herbal cover or a layer of peat, water may not break through it, but only raise, spread under it. Freezing then, it forms an ice core of the bulb; Gradually increasing, such a borgon can reach a height of 70 m with diameter up to 200 m.
Climate warming, a violation of the temperature regime of soils due to the deforestation of the forest, construction, etc. can lead to the progress of individual sections of many years of milling, which will cause soil drawdowns, the formation of funnels, underground cavities and other negative relief forms, externally resembling karst.
The processes of relief formation caused by the local thickening of many years of permanent, and all forms created by them are called thermal care, or (more often) heat circuit (Greek. Therme is heat). In the areas of heat distribution, many rounded in the form of stocks are usually located lakes are usually located, since the hydration is excessive, and the perennial denomination of the waterproof. Thermal lakes differ from karst more correct shape and less depth. In the plain parts of central Yakutia, alas are often found - flat-bottom thermal terrible basins from tens of meters to several kilometers in diameter and depth to 15-30 m. Often Alasi are engaged in lakes, swamps, meadows; Sometimes they are the basins of lowered or overgrown thermal lakes.
Under the conditions of many years of marzlot, especially if the ice content in the frozen breed is high, water produces not only mechanical, but also the temperature effects, since the molding of ice contributes to the destruction of the rock. Therefore, special terms are introduced - thermo-erosion and thermal abrasion. Thermo-erosion is manifested in the fact that the rivers easily blur the shores, and the convex network reaches an incredible density even in conditions of very flat relief (for example, in Yamal); The thermal abrasion is sometimes rapidly retreating the shores under the action of sea waves.
Relief form associated with many years of Merzlot may also be where there is no merzlot, that is, to have a relic. Thus, in the middle and southern parts of the Komi Republic, there are no many years of permanent, but often there are shallow rounded lakes, a grid of polygonal soils is well read on aerial photographs, especially clearly visible on high river terraces.
Causes of distribution of many years of permissal in Eastern Siberia
Healthy Ekaterina
1. Relief
The long-term Merzlota affects the relief, since water and ice have different density, as a result of which freezing and thawing rocks undergo deformation. It is also important that the frozen soil does not pass water.
The most common type of deformation of frozen soils is a baudge associated with an increase in the volume of water during freezing. Arising from this positive form of relief are called mudigurs; The altitude of them is usually not more than 2 m. If the bugs are formed within a peat tundra, they are usually called peatiguras.
For the regions of many years of marzlot, as well as for the so-called structural soils - the relief forms arising from the complex process of sorting the inhomogeneous soil mass, saturated with water, with its repeated freezing and thawing.
2. Rivers
Rivers feed mainly due to the melting of snow cover at the beginning of summer and summer rains. Some role in the nutrition of rivers is played by groundwater and melting "eternal" snow and glaciers in the high mountains, as well as forehead. In winter, nondes are formed in many rivers, and small rivers are freezing to the bottom.
Iceshop begins in the last decade of May - early June.
The reasons for the formation of many years of permissal.
At this time, the highest water level is observed on most rivers. In some places (for example, in the bottoms of Yana), in the result of ice, water rises sometimes 15-16 m above the winter level. During the half of the river, the rivers are intensively blocked their shores and clutter the trunks of trees forming numerous chains.
3. Soil
Eternal Merzlota is a good waterproof, so it often serves as the soil thawing thawing in the summer.
On the permafrost, specific Gley-Merzloit Taiga and Merzloid Taiga Soil are formed.
4. Vegetable world
climate Geographic Merzlotte Relief
Shallow layer's shallow layer causes the formation of oppressed plantings in plants, reduces the stability of trees against the wind. Perennial Merzlota inhibits the development of plants.
5. Human economic activity
In agriculture, the long-term permafrost in some cases limits the possibilities of the development of certain crops, in others, favors the cultivation of plants due to the additional humidification of the soils created during seasonal thawing of the active layer.
Agriculture has reached certain success. Indigirki and Kolyma Sauchomes created in the upper reaches satisfy part of the needs of the population in fresh vegetables, milk and meat. In the Yakut collective farms of the northern and mountainous areas, reindeer herding, fur fishing and fisheries, giving significant commercial products. Some mountainous areas also developed horse breeding. Significant squares of the placenta and mountain tundra are good deer pastures, and the meadows of river valleys serve as a feed base for cattle and horses.
The harsh climate limits the possibility of developing agriculture. In the tundra zone, where the sum of the average daily temperatures above 10 °, even in the south barely reaches 600 °, only radishes can be grown, salad, spinach and onions on the feather. The south is also cultivated by turnips, tours, cabbage, potatoes. In particularly favorable conditions, mainly on the gentle slopes of the southern exposition, you can sow early oats. More favorable conditions for animal husbandry ..
The mining industry is currently the basis of the economy and gives the country a lot of valuable metals.
6. Causes of distribution of many years of permissal in Eastern Siberia
- harsh low winter winters
- Short summer
- average annual temperature below 0 degrees
7. Why in the conditions of many years of permanent houses and industrial buildings should be built on piles
With engineering structures, construction of iron and road roads, etc. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of bright and sidets of soils, sliding the thawing soils on the slopes (solifluction), the formation of forehead on the roads, at the bridges, etc.
So, large houses in the districts of the North are built on special technologies, in particular, the built box of the panel house is left for several years so that the house is settled. If the soil begins to swim under it, then it is disassembled and collected in a new place. On deep-driven piles of the house build not to break the temperature of the soil. The carrying capacity of the piles, enlarged in pre-drilled wells, ensures the stability of structures, and the underground ventilated underground protects the soil from the thermal effects of the workshop or residential building.
The impact of many years of marbles on nature
The answer was left the guest
The main reason for the occurrence of many years of permits is an exceptionally cold climate, in the conditions of which breeds have temperatures below the point of their freezing. Merzlot Merzlota is the result of harsh climatic conditions, mainly harsh low-speed winters.
The following factors contribute to education and preservation of permits:
Negative average annual temperatures, harsh and long winter, the drainage depth exceeds the depth of summer thawing.
Perennial Merzlota has a great influence on man's economic activity. It creates significant obstacles to the production of earthworks, structures and operation of various buildings, etc. Heated buildings erected at many years of marzlot, eventually settle due to the thawing of soil under them, cracks appear in them, and sometimes they are destroyed. Perennial Merzlota also makes it difficult to water supply in settlements and on railways. It required the development of special construction methods under multi-rigid rocks.
Merzlota contributes to the wiping of agricultural land, as a result of which additional reclamation work is needed, i.e., removing excessive moisture from the fields.
Two can be distinguished from positive factors: the creation of natural refrigerators for storing perishable products and the eco-nomium of the fastener material in mines and mines.
Causes of Multi-Year Merzlota
Negative annual radiation balance in the conditions of Siberian anticyclone and large getting driving during the cold period of the year. This is the main reason.
Just and understand !!! \u003d)
Although they call the long-term permafrost, but in fact it is not. This merzlot arose into a quaternary or glacial period of development of our Earth. In those areas where the climate was dry and frosty, and the thickness of the terrestrial ice cover was insignificant, and even did not form at all, the soil was freezing and the formation of regions of many years of permanent.
Frozen breeds have a temperature below 0C; Part or all the water in them is in the crystalline state. In medium latitudes, only a small surface layer freezes in winter, so seasonal permanently dominates here. In the northern latitudes for a long, frosty winter, the Earth freezes very deeply, and it cares only from the surface of just 0.5-2 m deep into the depth. The thawing layer is called active. Below in its breeds, negative temperatures are maintained. These places are called the areas of many years of marzlot.
Frustry soils are spread on Earth mainly in the Polar areas. The largest areas of many years of Merzlot Siberia and the northern part of North America.
The territory where the long-term permafrost is common, is called another area of \u200b\u200bunderground glaciation. But it should be noted that the frozen breeds are disseminated here not everywhere. In the valleys of large rivers, under large lakes, in areas of circulation of groundwater, the thickness of many years of milling is interrupted. On the outskirts of underground glaciation regions there is an island frozen in the form of individual spots.
In frozen rocks, the ice becomes a kind of breed-forming mineral. A variety of icy inclusions in the rocks of the earth's crust are called fossil ice. The reasons for their occurrence are different: freezing of water in the thickness of the permissal soil; Falling asleep of rock glaciers. Fossil ice exists in the form of live, wedges, thin stalks, as well as in the form of lenses. Sometimes the formed ice lens and the water incoming from below lifting the soil occurring above, and a tubercle appears, called hydrolylaccolite. In Yakutia, they reach 25-40 meters in height and 200-300 m in width.
Under the influence of transverse engineering and thawing soils and rocks on the slopes, as well as due to the strength of gravity, the active layer begins to slowly slide even from the gentle slopes at a speed of centimeter per year to several meters per hour. This process is called solifluction (from lat. Solum soil and Fluctio expiration). It is widespread in Central and Eastern Siberia, in Canada, in highlands, in the tundra. At the same time on the slopes there are influx, low ridges. If there is wood vegetation on the slope, the forest bends. This phenomenon got the name of a drunken forest.
Merzloral processes very complicate the construction and operation of buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels. You have to save frozen soils in natural state. To this end, structures are installed on supports, pave cooling pipes, immerse the piles into bored wells. But Merzlota becomes both a man's assistant when warehouses are arranged in it, huge natural refrigerators.
- In the literature, there are two concepts of "Eternal Merzlot" and "Perennial Merzlot" whether there are differences in these concepts which of the terms in your opinion
The main reason for the occurrence of many years of permits is an exceptionally cold climate, in the conditions of which breeds have temperatures below the point of their freezing. Merzlot Merzlota is the result of harsh climatic conditions, mainly harsh low-speed winters.
The following factors contribute to education and preservation of permits:
Negative average annual temperatures, harsh and long winter, the drainage depth exceeds the depth of summer thawing.
Perennial Merzlota has a great influence on man's economic activity. It creates significant obstacles to the production of earthworks, structures and operation of various buildings, etc. Heated buildings erected at many years of marzlot, eventually settle due to the thawing of soil under them, cracks appear in them, and sometimes they are destroyed. Perennial Merzlota also makes it difficult to water supply in settlements and on railways. It required the development of special construction methods under multi-rigid rocks.
Merzlota contributes to the wiping of agricultural land, as a result of which additional reclamation work is needed, i.e., removing excessive moisture from the fields.
Two can be distinguished from positive factors: the creation of natural refrigerators for storing perishable products and saving fasteners in mines and mines.
Perennial Merzlota has a diverse effect on the nature of the provinces where it is widespread. First of all, it makes it difficult to move the groundwater - frozlory, inter-seed and, especially, superdiece, located closest to the daily surface. It strongly limits the underground nutrition of the rivers of Middle and Eastern Siberia. Underground water in these conditions often form a nondes, bugs of the swelling and other form of relief, which give specific features of the surface of the Sushi of the eastern regions of Siberia. In the north-east of the CIS about 4000 foreings (in Yakutski - Taryn), in which about 25 billion m 3 ice is concluded. Pulling frozen soils and drawdowns contribute to the widespread thermocouple and caused by the peculiar relief of the North-Siberian, Indigi, Kolyma, Central Yakutsk and other lowlands and the plateau in the regions of many years of permanent.
The long-term Merzlota adversely affects the development of vegetable and soil covers. Plants under the excess cold conditions do not receive normal nutrition, give a slight increase in the organic matter, insufficiently cover the surface of the soil. Especially detrimental to the Merzlota affects wood vegetation, which has a clearly oppressed species rarending ancient, poor species composition. In Central and Eastern Siberia from the woods best withstands the long-term Merzlot Daurry larch.
In the provinces of distribution of many years of milling, soil cover is also poorly developed. In Middle and Eastern Siberia, coarse-tempered stony soils are widespread due to the predominance of frosty weathelation over the chemical and biological, on the plains - everywhere of the phenomenon. Soils under these conditions are primitively developed, low, are characterized by sharply depressed biochemical processes, disadvantage of nutrients.
Widely distributed in the middle and east siberi of the phenomenon of solifluction, which, along with heat terror, have a large embedded value.
The long-term Merzlota affects the relief, since water and ice have different density, as a result of which freezing and thawing rocks undergo deformation. It is also important that the frozen soil does not pass water.
The most common type of deformation of frozen soils is a baudge associated with an increase in the volume of water during freezing. Arising from this positive form of relief are called mudigurs; Their height is usually not more than 2 m. If the buggers were formed within a peat tundra, then they are usually called peatigars; Peat is a good thermal insulator, a merzott under it remains for a long time and often in those places that are considered free from many years of milling, for example on the Kola Peninsula. The height of peat bugs can reach 3-7 m, in terms they are usually rounded, sometimes arranged by one, but more often by groups.
In the summer, the top layer of many years of milling is thawing. The underlying of the Merzlood interferes with melting water to leak down; Water, if it does not find the flow into the river or the lake, remains in place until the autumn when it freezes again. In the spring, thawing went from top to bottom as the result of aligning temperatures of heated air and still cold soil; In the fall, the change in temperature is also faster in the air and the freezing goes from top to bottom. As a result, melt water turns out between the waterproof layer of constant permanent distance from below and gradually growing from top to bottom with a layer of new, seasonal permanent. The ice takes a greater volume than water. Water, being between two layers of ice under huge pressure, finds the weakest place in the seasonal semiconductor layer and breaks it. If it is poured onto the surface, the ice field is formed - Flame; The geomorphological significance of the land is that intensive frosty weathering is underway. If on the surface is a dense moss-herbal cover or a layer of peat, water may not break through it, but only raise, spread under it. Freezing then, it forms an ice core of the bulb; Gradually increasing, such a borgon can reach a height of 70 m with diameter up to 200 m.
Climate warming, a violation of the temperature regime of soils due to the deforestation of the forest, construction, etc. can lead to the progress of individual sections of many years of milling, which will cause soil drawdowns, the formation of funnels, underground cavities and other negative relief forms, externally resembling karst. The processes of relief formation caused by the local thickening of many years of permanent, and all forms created by them are called thermal care, or (more often) heat circuit (Greek. Therme is heat). In the areas of heat distribution, many rounded in the form of stocks are usually located lakes are usually located, since the hydration is excessive, and the perennial denomination of the waterproof. Thermal lakes differ from karst more correct shape and less depth. In the plain parts of central Yakutia, alas are often found - flat-bottom thermal terrible basins from tens of meters to several kilometers in diameter and depth to 15-30 m. Often Alasi are engaged in lakes, swamps, meadows; Sometimes they are the basins of lowered or overgrown thermal lakes.
Under the conditions of many years of marzlot, especially if the ice content in the frozen breed is high, water produces not only mechanical, but also the temperature effects, since the molding of ice contributes to the destruction of the rock. Therefore, special terms are introduced - thermo-erosion and thermal abrasion. Thermo-erosion is manifested in the fact that the rivers easily blur the shores, and the convex network reaches an incredible density even in conditions of very flat relief (for example, in Yamal); The thermal abrasion is sometimes rapidly retreating the shores under the action of sea waves.
Relief form associated with many years of Merzlot may also be where there is no merzlot, that is, to have a relic. Thus, in the middle and southern parts of the Komi Republic, there are no many years of permanent, but often there are shallow rounded lakes, a grid of polygonal soils is well read on aerial photographs, especially clearly visible on high river terraces.
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