This was noted by specialists for 6 years - from 1960s. to 1966 On the volcanic crater Dalllol, located in Ethiopia. The temperature on the crater kept on average at about +34 degrees. But this place is characterized by the fact that almost a year, the temperature regime is approximately 34 degrees above zero. The diameter of the given is about 1.5 m, and the "Gate of hell" are located (as local residents call them) above sea level at forty-eight meters.
It is almost impossible to stay here for a long time. But indigenous people live nearby, which are not too verbose, and besides also incredibly aggressive.
The highest marks on the thermometer in the 20th century
In 1917, the valley of death in America "delighted" an incredibly high temperature for forty-three days in a row. Air warming reached the mark of almost 49 degrees above zero.
For six months from 1923 to 1924. In Western Australia, residents lived at an average air temperature in +32 degrees. And the maximum mark on the thermometer was also almost +49 degrees.
The highest temperature in the world is registered by scientists in 1922. in El Azizi (Libya). The city in which in the September shadow was +58 above zero, is located above sea level at eleven meters. The same temperature mark was on the same day in Saudi Arabia. That is why both of these places on the planet are recognized most.
The highest marks on the thermometer in our age
Incredibly "pleased with the highest temperature of the Libyan desert Dashty-Lut, where in 2005. On thermometers there was a mark of 70 degrees above zero. In absolutely natural conditions, this temperature was managed only this time and this place.
At such an air temperature, items are split so much that it is possible to prepare food without any devices. For example, on a car hood, which will simply replace the stove. And in the shade at such a temperature, the air warms up to +60 degrees. Therefore, walking barefoot is unlikely to want someone, and it is simply impossible to do it, otherwise you can get strong burns.
Despite the incredibly high mark on the thermometer, which can be fixed here, the huge number of tourists are going to the desert to see semi-kilometer into the height of the dunes.
The highest temperature in Russia was recorded in 2010, when an abnormal heat was standing throughout the country. In Volgograd and Tambov, the average temperature in the summer was 41 degrees above zero.
The highest artificially created temperature
The highest temperature in the universe created by the hands of a person is equal to ten trillion degrees. It is this temperature that, by assumptions of scientists, was accompanied by the process of creating our universe. And in our time they got such an incredible temperature in the Great Hadron Collider in 2010. To see a record mark on a thermometer, scientists managed due to the fact that lead ions were collided, accelerated to the near-light velocity.
The highest temperature indicator of the artificial plan also managed to get Americans who put experiments on the clash of gold ions. In this test, scientists received a temperature that made four trillion degrees.
To understand how high this temperature is, you can simply find out what the temperature of the Sun kernel - and it is equal to fifty million degrees. So we can conclude that the substance that has been obtained by American scientists, which supports the highest temperature only a few seconds, has several tens of times higher temperatures than the natural temperature on the sunny core.
The highest temperature of the human
The highest temperature is not only in various places of our planet, but also in humans. The temperature of over forty two degrees leads to a fatal outcome of a person. But in 1980. One 52-year-old American temperature jumped to 46.5 degrees. However, he did not die at all - his doctors successfully cured and discharged from the hospital after a 24-day course of treatment.
The science
Temperature is one of the fundamental concepts in physics, it plays a huge role in that concerns earthly life of any forms. At very high or very low temperatures, various things can behave very strange. We invite you to learn about a number of interesting facts related to temperatures.
What is the highest temperature?
The highest temperature that man created was 4 billion degrees Celsius. It is difficult to believe that the temperature of the substance can achieve such an incredible level! This temperature 250 times higher Sun kernel temperatures.
The incredible record was put in Natural Laboratory Brookhevena In New York in Ion Collider Rhicwhose length is about 4 kilometers.
Scientists forced to face gold ions trying to reproduce big Explosion Conditions By creating a quark-gluon plasma. In such a state of the particle that make up the nuclei of atoms - protons and neutrons, are broken, resulting in "soup" from constituent quarks.
Extreme temperature in the solar system
The temperature of the medium in the solar system is different from the one to which we are accustomed to earth. Our star Sun is incredibly hot. In its center the temperature is about 15 million Kelvinov, and the surface of the sun has a temperature of everything about 5,700 Kelvinov.
Temperature in the kernel of our planet It is about as much as the temperature of the sun surface. The hottest planet of the solar system - Jupiter, whose kernel temperature 5 times higherThe temperature of the surface of the sun.
The coldest temperature In our system, fixed on the moon: in some craters in the shade, the temperature is 30 Kelvinov Above absolute zero. This temperature is lower than the Pluto temperature!
Human habitat temperature
Some nations live in very extreme conditions and unusual places, not completely comfortable for life. For example, one of their coldest settlements - the village of Oymyakon and the city of Verinjan in Yakutia, Russia. The temperature in winter there is an average of minus 45 degrees Celsius.
The coldest larger city is also located in Siberia - Yakutsk with population near 270 thousand people. The temperature in the winter there is also compiled about minus 45 degrees, but in summer it can rise up to 30 degrees!
The highest average annual temperature was seen in the left city. Dallol, Ethiopia. In the 1960s, the average temperature indicator was recorded here - 34 degrees Celsius above zero. Among the major cities the most hot is the city Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, where the average temperature is in March Mae also about 34 degrees.
The most extremely high temperature where people work are noticed in gold mines Mponeng. In South Africa. The temperature at the level of about 3 kilometers under the ground is plus 65 degrees Celsius. Measures are being taken to cool the mines, for example, use ice or insulating wall coverings so that the miners can work without overheating.
What temperature is the lowest?
In trying to get the lowest temperatureScientists have faced a number of things important for science. Man managed to get the coldest things in the universe, which is much colder than any thing created by nature and space.
Freezing admits a decrease in temperature to several millyselvins. The lowest temperature that was achieved in artificial conditions - 100 picochelvins or 0.00000001 k. To achieve such a temperature, you must use magnetic cooling. Also similar low temperatures can be achieved using lasers.
At such temperatures, the material behaves at all as under normal conditions.
What is the temperature in space?
If you, for example, take a thermometer into open space and leave it there for a while in place, far from the radiation source, you may notice that it shows the temperature 2.73 Kelvin or near minus 270 degrees Celsius. This is the lowest natural temperature in the universe.
In space, the temperature keeps above absolute zero Due to the radiation that remained after the Big Bang. Although the cosmos is very cold according to our standards, it is interesting to note that one of the most important problems faced by astronauts in space is heat.
Naked metal from which objects in orbit may heat up to 260 degrees Celsius Because of the free sunlight. In order to reduce the temperature of the ships, they need to be wrapped in a special material that can reduce the temperature only 2 times.
Open space temperature Nevertheless constantly falls. Theories appeared for a long time ago, but only recent dimensions confirmed that the universe was cooled approximately by 1 degree Every 3 billion years.
The space of space will approach the absolute zero, but it will never reach it. Temperature on Earth does not depend on the temperature that today is in space and we know that our planet last time gradually heats up.
What is a heatorder?
Heat - Mechanical properties of material. The more hot object, the more energy there are its particles while driving. Atoms of substances In the hot solid state vibrate faster than the atoms of the same, but cooled substances.
Whether the substance will remain in a liquid or gaseous state depends on whether to which temperature to heat it. Today, any schoolboy knows about it, however, until the 19th century, scientists believed that heat in itself is a substance - weightless fluidNamed heat.
Scientists believed that this fluid was evaporated from warm material, so by cooling it. He can flow from hot objects in cold. Many predictions based on this theory are actually true. Despite misconceptions about the heat, many really correct conclusions and scientific discoveries. The theory of heator plant was finally defeated at the end of the 19th century.
Is there the highest temperature?
Absolute zero - The temperature is below which it is impossible to fall. And what temperature is the highest possible? Science can not answer this question for now.
The highest temperatures are called Planck temperature. It was this temperature that was in the universe at the time of the big explosionAccording to the ideas of modern science. This temperature is equal 10 ^ 32 Kelvinov.
For comparison: if you can imagine, this temperature billions of times more than the highest temperature, obtained artificially by the person mentioned earlier.
According to the standard model, the plank temperature remains the highest temperature from possible. If there is something even more hotter, then the usual laws of physics will stop working.
There are assumptions that temperature may rise even higher than this level, But what happens in this case, the science cannot explain. In our model of reality, something more hot will not be able to exist. Maybe reality will be another?
In one of the solar and dry summer days, you can hear how someone says: "Probably, even in the shadow one hundred degrees." And in some places of our planet, this can be close to reality. In the hottest place on Earth now about 70 ° C. If you are from those who love jogging, we have prepared for you Top 10 hottest places in the world.
This city is located on the shore of Lake Nasser, and about 15,000 inhabitants live in it. Historically, it was a very important shopping point due to location on the road between Sudan and Egypt.
The city is sometimes forced to endure the stormy dust storms. This phenomenon is known as a hubb and precedes a strong thunderstorm showers.
The highest air temperature registered in this area is 52.8 ° C. She was marked in April 1967. In the summer, the average temperature in Wadi Halfe is held at 40 ° C.
9. Tirat-CVI, Israel, 53.9 ° C
This is a religious kibbutz, founded not far from the Israeli-Jordan border. Thanks to the maximum temperature indicator established in 1942, Tirat-CVI has become the hottest place in Asia. However, due to the proximity of the Jordan River, the territory of the kibbutz remains fertile.
About a thousand people live in Tirat-Zvi, and Kibbutz is considered the largest manufacturer of dates in the country. It has 18,000 dotted trees.
8. Timbuktu, Mali, 54 ° C
In the south of the Sahara desert there is an ancient city with one of the highest temperatures on Earth. Its highest temperature indicator exceeded the scorching 54 degrees Celsius.
Timbuktu was an important center for the spread of Islamic doctrine in Africa. It builds three important mosque for Muslims and one of the largest collections in the world of ancient manuscripts are stored. Thanks to its architectural features, the city was declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
7. Ceiling, Tunisia, 55 ° C
This city is famous for its ancient archaeological finds. The oldest of them were created about 200,000 years ago. In addition, it was known for its extreme temperatures, the summer maximum in it reaches 55 ° C. And at night the temperature can fall below zero.
At the same time, about 10 hotels operate in the city, one of them is a five-star. Whether it is worth preferred by the split summer marines of Egypt instead of the most - decide for yourself.
6. Ghadames, Libya, 55 ° C
The city in the western part of Libya, located on the border with Algeria and Tunisia, where the caravan path once crossed. He is known as the "pearl of the desert" and was declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
One of the main features of the old city is high-rise global buildings. These houses have a good reason for existence in Sugar: in them in the summer cool and warm in winter. And the summer in Ghadames is very roast - the temperature ranges from 40 to 55 ° C.
In addition to protecting the Sun of the Desert, between the neighboring first floors and open terraces of houses located on the upper floors, transitions were built. They are traditionally used by women to move from one area to another.
5. Death Valley, California, USA, 56.7 ° C
This deserted valley in Eastern California, on the border with Nevada, is often referred to as the hottest place on Earth. And although this is not quite so, the valley of death is undoubtedly the hottest and dry point in the United States. In the summer, the temperature ranges between 46 and 50 ° C, and on September 16, 1913 the highest temperature in the region was 56.7 ° C.
To understand the origin of the valley's name, we need to go back in time, in the Golden Fever Epoch. It was between 1849 and 1850. Some gold killers tried to cross the valley, and instead of the precious metal found their death. However, the valley continued to bear the prize-seekers, as it was very rich in gold and silver.
Every year the valley of death attracts tourists from all over the world who want to admire her amazing landscapes. One of the most striking places of this area is the Zabriski Point, consisting of deposits of ancient lake, salt dirt and gravel, which together create a beautiful, surrealistic landscape.
4. El Azizya, Libya, 58.2 ° C
In the northwest of Libya is the city of El Azizia. In 1922, there were air temperature in the shade 58, 2 s, and for a long time it remained the highest temperature in the world. However, in 2012, experts of the World Meteorological Organization subjected these databilities because they found that when they were obtained, there were not enough reliable means of fixing temperature. On the usual days, the air in El Azizia warms up, on average, up to 33 degrees.
The city is very non-shine and because of a strong wind, which reduces the temperature to twenty degrees in a few hours. Because of this, the weather varies from burning-hot to uncomfortable-cold in a very short time. Despite this, the population of El Azizia exceeds 300,000 people.
3. Turfan, China, 66.7 ° C
Located in the northeastern part of China, the city district of Turfan is located at an altitude of 154 m below sea level. This is the hottest place in China, as well as the third hottest place on the planet.
Despite the heat, groundwater and fertile soil made Turfan with a real oasis in the desert. The water system of this area consists of a series of vertical and horizontal wells connected to underground channels. This system provides uninterrupted water supply during the year.
2. Queensland, Australia, 68.9 ° C
This state is located in the north-east of the Australian continent. In 2003, in the year of harsh drought, the NASA satellite recorded in the inner region of Queensland a temperature of 68.9 ° C. This area may be just as dangerous as fascinating; This is a region of Rodeo, thematic parks, lush tropical forests and various tourist attractions. A "visiting card" of Queensland is one of the large barrier reef.
1. Cheat-Lut, Iran 70 ° C
Here is the answer to the question where the highest temperature on Earth. This Hell-hot region is located in the Iranian Afghan border, and is the twenty-fifth largest sandy-salt desert in the world. Its length is 400-450 km from north to south and from 200 to 250 km from the west to the east.
Cheat-LUT - an extremely arid desert with very high summer temperatures. This is proved by the measurements made by the MODIS device installed on the Aqua NASA satellite. In the period between 2003 and 2005, the instrument showed that in the Iranian wasteland, the temperature rose to 70.7 ° C. This is an absolute record for our planet. Thanks to this, the Loot deserved the title "The hottest place on Earth".
In the spring in this area, it rains, but very short time, and the earth dries quickly. And the strong and permanent wind moves sand dunes up to 300 meters size. So the Cheap-Lut is not the place where you want to spend summer holidays.
Temperature in physics is called a value that quantitatively expresses the degree of heatedness of various bodies. Considering that not only solid bodies, but liquids and gases often fall into the study area, then there is a more general concept of temperature as the degree of kinetic particle energy.
The system unit of temperature measurement is Celvin (reduced to), in which the absolute zero is taken for the report point, the state of the substance with the zero kinetic particle energy. In everyday life, degrees Celsius are used (reduced ° C), for which the report point corresponds to the water freezing point. One degree Celsius is Kelvin, and corresponds to the 1/100 part of the temperature difference between the freezing point and the water boiling point. Absolute zero is -273.15 degrees Celsius.
From the point of view of quantum physics and at an absolute zero of temperatures, there are zero oscillations that are due to the quantum properties of particles and their surrounding physical vacuum.
Mid annual temperature
Our planet is located in the zone of his star. The zone of life is called space quite remote from its star, in which water in liquid form on the surface of the planet is possible. Modern meteorologists (Specialists in Earth Climate and weather) most often use temperature measurements of surface air with mercury or alcohol thermometers (mercury and alcohol freezing temperature is -38.9 ° C and -114.1 ° C, respectively).
According to the International Methodology, measurements should occur at a two-meter height from the surface of the Earth in a special meteorological booth removed from the anthropogenic landscape. The average annual surface temperature on the surface of the earth is + 14 ° C. At the same time, in certain parts of the planet, the surface air temperature is very different from this value due to different times of the year or day, different geographic latitudes, removal from the ocean, height above the average sea level and proximity to volcanic regions.
Land temperature range
The smallest temperature difference of surface air is observed in the Equatorial areas of the World Ocean. So on the Island of Christmas, which is located in the central equatorial part of the Pacific Seasonal temperature differences are limited to the range of 19-34 degrees Celsius. However, it is believed that the most even climate is observed in the town of Garata on the island of Saipan (Mariinsky Islands). Within 9 years from 1927 to 1935, the lowest temperature here was registered on January 30, 1934 (+ 19.6 ° C), and the highest on September 9, 1931 (+ 31.4 ° C), which gives the difference 11 , 8 ° C.
Continents are characterized by significantly higher temperature differences. In the Valley of Death (California) on July 10, 1913, + 56.7 ° C was registered, and on July 13, 1922, + 57.8 ° C was registered (later this value was challenged). On the Russian station East, July 21, 1983, was observed -89.2 ° C. The largest temperature difference is registered in Russian Verkhoyansk - 106.7 ° C: from -70 ° C to + 36.7 ° C. The lowest average annual temperature was registered in 1958 on the South Pole (-57.8 ° C). The highest average annual temperature is fixed in the town of Fearadi (Ethiopia) in the 60s of the 20th century (+ 34 ° C).
The surface temperature of the Earth is still extreme values \u200b\u200bdue to the fact that the dark surface of the day can warm up to significantly higher temperatures compared to air. In the Death Valley (California), on July 15, 1972, + 93.9 ° C was registered. Probably such high surface temperatures can cause abnormal short-term splashes at a strong wind (in July 1967, a sharp increase in air temperature up to + 87.7 ° C was registered in Iranian Abadan).
Distribution of annual maximum temperatures of the Earth
The surface of our planet is the source of thermal electromagnetic radiation, the maximum of which is in the infrared region of the spectrum (according to the law of the wines).
Due to this property, near-earth satellites can measure the temperature of any point of the Earth's surface, in contrast to ground storage facilities.
Analysis of the satellite snapshots "Aqua" for 2009-2013 made it possible to determine that the maximum surface temperature in the Iranian desert in 2005 reached +70.7 ° C.
The statistical distribution of annual maximum surface temperatures on the planet shows four clusters (glaciers, forests, savanna / steppes and deserts).
Another analysis of satellite snapshots for 1982-2013 has shown that the minimum temperatures in Antarctica can reach -93.2 ° C.
Despite the fact that the earth's surface is on average receives from the Sun 30 times more energy than from the earth's depths, geothermal energy is an important element of the economy of some countries (for example, Iceland).
Drilling a record Kola well showed that at a depth of 12 km the temperature reaches + 220 ° C.
The +20 ° C isotherm in the earth's crust takes place at depths from 1500-2000 m (areas of many years of permanent) to 100 m and less (subtropics), and in the tropics it turns onto the surface. In mountainous areas, thermal sources have a temperature of up to + 50 ... + 90 ° C, and in the artesian basins at the depths of 2000-3000 m water with a temperature of + 70 ... + 100 ° C and more.
The point where the minimum temperature was observed is not the highest part of the glacier: its height is about 3900 meters versus 4093 meters from the plateau A (Argus).
An earlier analysis of the satellite snapshots "Aqua" for 2004-2007 confirms that the coldest winter temperatures are observed on the R ridge, which connects the plateau A and plateau F (Fuji).
In the areas of active volcanism, thermal sources are manifested in the form of geysers and jets of steam, cutting steerly mixtures and pairs from depths of 500-1000 m, where water is in an overheated state (+ 150 ... + 200 ° C). In underwater hydrothermal sources ("black smokers"), temperatures are observed up to +400 ° C. In volcanoes, the lava temperature can increase to + 1500 ° C.
Based on laboratory experiments, these seismology and theoretical calculations, it is believed that in the depths of the planet temperatures may exceed 7 thousand degrees. Several options for theoretical temperature of the deep layers of the planet.
If our planet did not possess an atmosphere, then according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, its average temperature would not be +14 ° C, and -18 ° C. The difference is explained by the fact that the earth's atmosphere absorbs the surface of the thermal radiation of the surface (greenhouse effect). This largely explains why with an increase in height above the surface of the planet, not only pressure, but also the temperature is falling.
The temperature maximum in the stratosphere (at a height of about 50 km) is explained by the interaction of the ozone layer with the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. The temperature peak in the exosphere (ionosphere) is associated with the ionization of the ion molecules of the external sparse layers of the atmosphere under the action of solar radiation. Daily fluctuations in this layer can reach several hundred degrees. In the exosphere, the earth's atmosphere is mounted in space.
Temperature fluctuations for other planets of the solar system
A good example of temperature fluctuations in the event that the Earth had no atmosphere, is. According to the observations of the Lro satellite, the surface temperature of our satellite varies from + 140 ° C in small equatorial craters up to -245 ° C at the bottom of the Hermite Polar Crater (Hermita). The latter value is even less than the measured surface temperature of Pluto -245 ° C or any other celestial body of the solar system for which temperature measurements were carried out. Thus, temperature fluctuations on the moon reach 385 degrees. According to this indicator, the moon ranks second in the solar system after.
Measuring devices left by the crews of the Missions of Apolon-15 and Apolon-17 showed that at a depth of 35 cm, temperatures on average by 40-45 degrees are warmer than on the surface. At a depth of 80 cm, seasonal fluctuations in temperature disappear, and the constant temperature is close to -35 ° C. It is estimated that the temperature of the moon kernel is 1600-1700 K. much higher temperatures may appear during the fall of asteroids.
So in ancient terrestrial craters, fianits were found for the formation of the zircon, temperatures exceeding 2640 Kelvin are required. The achievement of such temperatures is impossible in the earth's volcanism.
Did you like the record? Tell your friends about her!
Each body in nature has a certain temperature. Air is also heated and cooled. Of course, many like warmth, and someone seeks the cold months to spend on hot resorts. However, there is a list of places that visit stands with caution. After all, there is the highest temperature on Earth.
Ethiopia, Dallol
The highest registered temperature on Earth was marked in Ethiopia. Dallol Settlement is located in the Afraire Basin. It is this place that keeps the lead in the list of the hottest places. Here was recorded the highest average annual temperature. In the period from 1960 and to 1966, this indicator in the Dallol settlement was 34.4 ° C. Of course, the heat in this area is not considered terrifying. However, this temperature here is held throughout the year. At the same time, the streams of warm air go not only from the Sun - on top, but also from the heated soil - below. It is for this reason that the highest temperature on Earth is here.
It is worth noting that the Afar Bowl is a region with volcanic activity, since the Vulcan of Dallol is located very nearby. Of course, this hello place is a ghost city. In the distance in 1960, a mining settlement was created in this area. In addition, the Afar Basin is the most distant on the planet place. Message with the settlement of Dallol was carried out thanks to the caravan routes, which were sent only to delivering and collecting salts.
Israel, Tirat-Zvi
So, where the highest temperature on Earth, figured out. Of course, the Dallol settlement is not the only unique place. The hottest place includes Tirat-Zvi. This is local represents Religious Kibbutz, located in Israel. Tirat-Zvi is located in the Bate Shean Valley. In 1942, and to be more accurate - June 21, the highest temperature on Earth was registered here, which was ever been marked in Asia. This indicator was 53.9 ° C.
The Jordan River maintains the life activity of the settlement and ensures the fertility of the soil. However, in the summer hot months of the sun rays simply burn out this valley.
Tunisia, Cepping
Most places where the highest temperature on Earth has been registered, remains abandoned. This list includes a desert oasis Keebo, located in Tunisia. However, it is here that the local population is saved from burning sunlight. After all, there is a life-giving water and, of course, palm trees.
Despite all the positive ashes, the oasis kept remains the hottest. On its territory, the mercury column rises, as a rule, almost to 55 ° C.
Mali, Timbuk
The city of Timbuk, who is part of Mali, has a rich history. However, the city gradually rents his position and gradually retreats before the sands of the sugar desert. Timboka is also included in the list of the hottest places. Often on the streets of the city you can see the big sand dunes. Very often at home are buried under the sand, which is entered here by the winds.
Of course, the proximity of the desert is not the biggest problem. The population of Timbuka is forced to deal with unbearable heat. Often the air temperature rises here above 55 ° C.
Arabian Peninsula, Rub-El Hali
The southern third of the Arabian Peninsula is absorbed by the sands of the Rub-El Hali desert. She captures part of the territory of the UAE, Yemen, Oman and Saudi Arabia. It is worth noting that Rub-El Hali is a sandy continuous desert, which is considered the largest in the world. In addition, this area is considered the faster. During the year, there are less than 30 millimeters, there are precipitation here. This is very little. In addition, the air temperature here is raised above 56 ° C.
Loading...
