The work performed the student 3a of Maksimenko Irina
Indigenous population
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous
Peoples Khanty and Mansi
Indigenous small peoples
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous
county Khanty and Mansi - Obzhi.
The tongue of Khantov and Mansi belong to Ugric (Ugra) - child Hungarian. Khanty and Mansi live in Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous districts of the Tyumen region, and their small part is in the Tomsk, Sverdlovsk and Perm regions.
Traditional and religious views
In the indigenous peoples of Siberia, a bear cult is developed, in the past each family kept the Bear Skull in the house.
Hunting the moose, frogs, were widespread from Khantov, looking for support from trees, worship fire. The wolf was considered the creation of an evil spirit of Kul.
Marriage and family
The chapter is considered a man, and a woman submitted to him in many ways. A log house built a man, and a woman erected from the lungs of the poles. Women did dishes from Berestov, and from the tree a man. Men, if necessary, can make food themselves and among women there are wonderful hunters. In modern young family, everything more often husbands help their wives in heavy work - water delivery, firewood.
Marriage and family
When a new man appeared in the Khanty family, four mothers were waiting for him here. The first mother - who gave birth, the second - taking childbirth, the third, that was the first to raise the child, and the fourth - the godmother. The child had two cradles - this is a bark box and a wooden with a birest with a spindy.
About 30 typical residential buildings are among Khanty and Mansi, among them the sacred barns, houses for the feminine, for the image of the dead, public knowledge.
In Hunter-fishing, four seasonal settlements, any construction is called "Cat, Hot", the definitions are added to this word - birch, earthy, making up; Its seasonality is winter, spring, summer, autumn; Size, shape or appointment - dog, deer.
home stuff
Tableware, furniture, toys were made of wood. Every man had her own knife, and learn to treat him the boys began very early. A huge number of things were made from Beresta. Ten methods of material ornamentation were used: scraping, embossing, openwork thread, applique, coloring and others.
The khanty and mansian craftswomen sewed clothes from various materials: reindeer fur, bird skins, fur, sheepskin, cloth, spectal and linen canvas, cotton fabric. From the threads of the belt and garters for shoes, and socks knitted on the needle.
In the summer, the traditional women's clothing costume was dresses, winter - deaf clothes made of deer skins.
Means of transport
Main transport - Boat
The life of the Khanty is so closely connected with water that they are difficult to imagine without a light boat called region or the clouds. Typically, areas made from aspen, but if it was dragged on land, cedar used, as it is easier and not wet in water
Winter for movement was used by skis. Walking studied from 6-7 years. The basis of the skis was made of pine, cedar or ate wood.
Fisheries
Khanty and Mansi settled along the rivers and knew the river was not worse than the forest. Fisheries was and remains one of the main branches of the economy. From the river Khanty and Mansi are associated with childhood and for life.
Reindeerness
Most served in the majority served by transport purposes, and deer in farms were a bit.
Folklore
art
In the drawings of Khantah and Mansi a lot in common. The ornament was the greatest development in which the images of animals were partially preserved.
Picture letter reflected mainly moments economic activityFirst of all hunting and fishing.
Folklore
Bear playing
Bear holiday or bearish playing is the most ancient ceremony that has survived to the present day. Bear players are held once every seven years and on the occasion of the bear. Depending on the floor of the mining bear of bearish playing, 5 days are held (if it is a bear) and 4 (if a bear).
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MDAO D / s "Smile" Presentation on the topic: "Acquaintance with the life, life and customs of indigenous peoples of the North - Khanty and Mansi" Educator: Alekseeva Larisa Nikolaevna
Our Motherland-Russia
Our homeland is Russia. The coat of arms of Russia is a red heraldic shield with a golden double-headed eagle that raised up the loose wings. The eagle is crowned with two small crowns and over them with one big crown connected by ribbon. In the right paw of Eagle - Scepter, in the left-holder. On the chest of an eagle, in a red shield, - a silver rider in a blue raincoat on a silver horse, striking the silver spear of a black overturned snake. Russia is a very large country in which many people live different nationalities. Russia is a large and immense country, it extends from the West to the East and from the north to south. In Russia, many lakes and large rivers, such as - Volga, Yenisei, Ob, Irtysh, Don
Capital of Our Motherland - Moscow City
Diverse vegetable and animal world of our Russia
The district in which we live is called the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - Ugra. The history of our district began a long time ago. The ancient name of our district is the Ugra ("UG" - water, "RA" - people). Large cities of our district - Surgut, Nefteyugansk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Nizhnevartovsk, Kogalym, Megion, Nyagan, show. On the coat of arms depicted the figure of the poultry, the symbol of the "Cat of Ukus" (double-headed bird) in the field of dissected Lazorovoy (blue, blue) and green shield. The bird is depicted in the form of pairly located, combined by tails of mythical birds. With its wings of birds support the rising sun, the crown, made in the form of horns personifies the main occupation of the indigenous population - reindeer herding. Coniferous branches are a symbol of the flora of the region. Blue color symbolizes beauty and greatness, green color denotes life, white color denotes snow.
Gifts of Nature of Our District
Our Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug- Yagra
Indigenous inhabitants of our district
The indigenous inhabitants of our region are the peoples of Khanty and Mansi) - Khanty live on the banks of the rivers, in the summer they live in birchy plains, in winter in dugouts and huts. The main means of movement along the river is boats, and in winter time, Deer Strip. Deer at the indigenous people are pets, they are very beautiful, proud and hardy. They run very quickly, so people tamed them. They are used as transport. For this, deer harnessed in Sani (NARTS). A slightly deer is harnessed at once. Manages the harness drivers (Cayur). Deer is a very strong animal, can run and not get tired. His thin legs do not fall into the snow. Fur deer is used to sewing clothes, housing is built from it - yurts. And the deer zhiro people lubricate their hands and face to not frozen. Deer for the Northern Man - Very good Assistant
Building indigenous people
Museum of Peoples Khanty and Mansi
National clothes
In our city, dust-yah, there is a local history museum of indigenous peoples of the North. There are many things of the indigenous peoples of our district it is both cookware made of wood bark. The bark bowl, which Khanty is used to raise the test, and this is a box of fir bark (Tuesuck), in it stored fish oil. Collect forest berries. Nearby we see a needleer, pay attention to which ornament is depicted on it (bear). After all, the indigenous peoples of the North, the Bear is a sacred animal, and therefore it is very often depicted on different objects of life.
"Akan - Khanty Doll
Akan "- the Khanty Doll. These are such homemade dolls, sewn from fabric, cloth or fur. Previously, these dolls Khanty gave their relatives and received themselves in gifts. On the face of Akan was not enough to make eyes, nose, mouth, as the doll was considered sacred. Beliefs in such a doll might notice the evil spirit
Houseware
The indigenous peoples of the North love to decorate the objects of their life with different ornaments, embroidery from beads, buttons, braids. Look, what beautiful handbags, jewelry for heads of beads
Bird deaf-symbol of indigenous peoples of our region, Symbol of Patum
On the topic: Methodical development, presentations and abstracts
"The artistic and aesthetic development of children of preschool age in the process of familiarization with the decorative and applied art of the peoples of the North (Khanty and Mansi)"
This program describes a course of preparation for cognitive development and artistic work of children 5-7 years old (senior, preparatory group) and developed on the basis of a mandatory minimum content ...
Holidays, traditions and culture of the peoples of the North Khanty and Mansi.
Continue to acquaint children with customs, traditions and culture of the peoples of the North. To introduce the works of national poets. To know with the holidays of the peoples of Khanty and Mansi. Ripping ...
Slide 2.
Over the study worked:
Finno-Ugric people. 5b Chukhlantseva Yana Argennikova Daria Culture Housing Mansi And Khanty 5V Trabnikova Catherine Districted Folklore as a lifestyle of the people 5A Filippov Anna Thin Alena
Slide 3.
The purpose of the study: to get acquainted with the history of the indigenous people of the Urals, Culture Khanty and Mansi.
Tasks: consider the history of the population; consider the history of the occurrence of culture; Compare the cultures of both peoples; Create a presentation "Peoples Khanty and Mansi". Find in the media material to solve the problem.
Slide 4.
The indigenous small peoples of Khanty and Manci are two kindred people.
Slide 5.
Manci - the people constituting the indigenous population of the Northern Urals. This Finno-Ugric people are direct descendants of Hungarians (belong to the Ugric group: Hungarians, Finns, Mansi, Khanty). Ethnonyms "Khanty" and "Mansi" are formed from the self-esteem of the peoples of Hunt, Kanta and Mansi
Slide 6.
Ethnologian scientists believe that the appearance of this ethnos was based on the fusion of two cultures - the Ural Neolithic and Ugric tribes
Slide 7.
Khanty and Mansi - Obzhi
For the designation of the Khanty and Mansi, as a whole in the scientific literature, another term was established - Obzhi. The first part of it is part of the main place of residence, and the second comes from the word "Ugra", "Yugoria". So called in the Russian annals of the XI - XV centuries. Territory at the Polar Urals and Razipa Siberia, as well as its inhabitants.
Slide 8.
Ethnologian scientists consider
... that the basis of this ethnic was the fusion of two cultures - Ural Neolith and Ugric tribes. The reason was the resettlement of the Ugric tribes from the North Caucasus and the southern regions of Western Siberia.
Slide 9.
The first settlements of Manci were located on the slopes of the Ural Mountains.
Slide 10.
In the Changwan (Vogulskaya) cave, located near the village of Vsevolodo-Ville in the Perm region, traces of the stay of Vogulov were found.
Slide 11.
Plaque consisting of two moose. VII-VIII centuries.
Slide 12.
Perm animal style museum in Cherdyni
Slide 13.
Rich archaeological finds in this region.
Slide 14.
This knife design has been preserved in all groups of Mansi.
Slide 15.
Origin and History of Peoples Khanty and Mansi
Mansi and Khanty - Obzhi
Slide 16.
Ermak. Peoples of Siberia. Ambassadors Ermakov.
Slide 17.
Culture of Mansi and Khantov
Slide 18.
In the Sverdlovsk region, Manxi live in forest settlements - yurts, in which there are from one to 8 families.
Slide 19.
Famous Yurts
Yurt Anyamova (village of Treschool), Yurt Bakhtiyarova, Yurt Pakina (Poma village), Yurt Samdalova (Suevatpouul village), Yurt Kurikova, etc.
Slide 20.
The remaining Anddelian Mansi lives dispensing villages Vizia (now burned), Burmanto, Horpia, in the city of Ivdel, as well as in the village of Uscha (see Foto)
Slide 21.
Dwelling Mansi is called Chum. Make it from wood and deer skins.
Slide 22.
Interior of Chuma
Slide 23.
Slide 24.
Dwelling Mansi, the village of Treschool
Slide 25.
Slide 26.
Breerest harvesting
Slide 27.
Nyankur - baking oven bread
Slide 28.
Slide 29.
Labases or Summies for food storage
Slide 30.
"The Sumy of the Family of Pakina, the Poma River. From the archive of the research expedition" Mansi - Forest People "Tourist Company" "Commands of seekers of adventures"
Slide 31.
Mythology in Folklore and Culture Khanty and Mansi
In folk art, the main place is occupied by the ornament. These are geometric shapes in the form of deer horns, rhombuses, wavy lines, mandrel type Greek, zigzag lines, located more often as a strip. Among the bronze casting, images of animals, eagles, bear are more often.
Slide 32.
Traditional clothing Khanty and Mansi - for culture this is a kind of "passport".
Slide 33.
Slide 34.
Slide 35.
Ornamented products: Material and technology. Fur and Ruduga (deer leather)
Slide 36.
Musical folklore
the history of the people, his past was reflected in oral folk art - in legends, legends, heroic epic, in rites and customs.
Slide 37.
Fixed folklore began in the 14th century.
Novitsky, Grigory Ilyich-first described rituals, holidays of Obzhrov.
Slide 38.
Along with these, there are other oral genres-fun. For example, the "Fate Song" or "Personal Song", which a man folded his life. Household fairy tales, animal stories were distributed.
Slide 39.
Traditional dances of the people
Slide 40.
Dance Filina
Slide 41.
Plastic movement of mansian dances is practically not studied. Each movement in the dance in the people of Manci had its own concealable special meaning, a specific symbol filled with social content.
Slide 42.
Famous festivities from the peoples of Mansi and Khantov
Many celebrations are confined to the dates of the Orthodox calendar. From the spring holidays most significant Urin Hotelakva - Voroniy Day, noted on the Annunciation (April 7). It was believed that on this day, the crow brings spring, protrudes the patroness of women and children. This holiday is associated with the desire for the reproduction of life, the well-being of the family, primarily children.
Slide 43.
At the end of May - early June, the days of fishermen, which included boat competitions, fire burning, sacrifice, joint meals, shamanic rocks in order to clarify, what time will fish appear and in which places it is better to catch it.
Slide 44.
With hunting fishery, especially with the beginning of furry hunting, autumn holidays are connected, first of all Pokrov (October 14). Olenevodov had the most revered by Ilyin Day (August 2), which coincides with the end of a mole in deer.
Slide 45.
Music folklore.
Music is represented by ritual chants and instrumental naples of a bearish holiday, shaman rituals, as well as narrative lyrical and epic genres. It is genetically related to the music of Khantov and closely interacts with the music of the Tundrov Nenets, Komi-Zyryan, Siberian Tatars and Russians.
Slide 46.
The sounds of this tool are dancing on a bear holiday, with solo singing. They also used shamans in Kamlanyh as an alternative to the Bubne and singers-musicians, theraht-ku. The sound of the NARS-YUH fascinates with its melodiousness of both a person and an animal and a bird, so the Narsuh called the voice of the singing God (Tour-Sai-Torum), and in the poetic speech, he was called "God's favorite five-string tree with strings."
Slide 47.
Tumran - Living Tongue-Plug Tool. Made from the split bone of the back leg or reindeer blades. The tumran is a narrow plate up to 10 -15 cm long, 1.5 - 3 cm wide, with a thinning "tongue" with a thin "tongue" and tied to its base of the residential thread. It plays both women and men. The sound is extracted by breathing and movement of the resonant "tongue", driven by the rope.
Slide 48.
Nearp- violin mansi
Slide 49.
In the genre system, the central place is occupied by the music of a bearish holiday - Jalpynhotal - Northern Style and Yal'Penhawel - Southern Style, including ritual ritual songs, naigers, dancing, theatrical scenes.
Slide 50.
Shamannian tunes are accompanied by strikes in the tambourine. Shamannian tunes are accompanied by strikes in the tambourine.
Shamanic music (Kayneryg - North, Kajeri - South) is a personal form of musical communication with spirits. Shamannian tunes are accompanied by strikes in the tambourine.
Slide 51.
Our conversation is completing the wonderful words of the countryman A.A. Radchenko.
Our district - the gray-haired hero of the Spirit revived magnificently, the support of Russia - the Urals and Siberia! We are proud of the Ugra right.
Slide 52.
Thanks for attention!
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Nenets Nenets-it is from the largest self-dedication peoples. The self-confusion of nonsense - "man" was introduced into the official use in 1930. Originally, the Nenets were called self-seeds or self-yuras. The mention of this is in the ancient Russian chronicles of the "Tale of Bygone Years", relating to the beginning of the XII century. Basic food - deer meat (in any form), fish, bread. A favorite drink - tea. It, like metal utensils, was treated in Russian merchants. Wooden dishes - Miss, cups, spoons - made themselves.
Nenets tundra (\u003e 90%) Forest Kolvinz 90%) Forest Kolvinz "\u003e 90%) Forest Kolvinz"\u003e 90%) Forest Kolvinz "Title \u003d" (! Lang: Standing tundra (\u003e 90%) Forest Kolvinz"> title="Nenets tundra (\u003e 90%) Forest Kolvinz"> !}
Reindeering National Features: Rise-clock grazing of animals under the supervision of shepherds and deerball dogs, a dandy ride on deer. Apply passenger and cargo narts. Deer feeds on a moss - jaghel. As feed stocks are exhausted, passes have to change. With a deer flock, shepherds and shepherds with families.
Khanty Khanty were semi-axes hunters and fishermen, in addition, in the north they were engaged in reindeer herding, in the south - cattle breeding. Hunters and fishermen had a seasonal settlement and dwelling for each year. Housing types were very much, one of them were temporary, collapsible, others - permanent. Diverse were economic buildings, there were cult facilities. Household items were made from local materials: a tree, berson, cedar root, etc.
Writing after the revolution for Khantov was developed writing, books were published in their own language, but at the same time, the Soviet government forced the Khanty to part with a nomadic lifestyle and appeal to the creation of fishing, hunting and reindeer breeding cooperatives. Communities who wanted to preserve the traditional way were pursued by an administrative order. Children Khanty received the first book in their native language, compiled by P.E. Khatanzeyev.
Oil fields The development of oil fields in the Soviet period has applied serious environmental damage to the territory of the traditional settlement of the Khanty. Speaking in defense of their lands, Khanty took part in environmental protest groups that appeared during the restructuring.
From renewable natural resources, forests, fish, wild animals, wild animals are large. It was these factors that contributed to the development of fisheries of indigenous peoples of the North, like mining, processing of fish, hunting fishery, reindeer herding, collecting and processing wild-growing fruits, mushrooms and nuts, populatory crafts, souvenir production.
Most of the indigenous population is typically taiga lifestyle. These are semi-seated hunters and fishermen engaged in the reindeer herding in the north and cattle breeding in the south of the Autonomous Okrug. The most ancient traditional method is fishing using barriers from stakes and rods (constipation), there are also a distance and traps for a long time.
Shamans among the indigenous people met and shamans. As a rule, shamans in their practice used knowledge of physiology and human anatomy. At the same time, the main factor was a hypnotic suggestion used by shamans in various forms, contributing to the recovery of a person (improving his well-being).
The birth and death of a person, a change of time of the year, all types of economic activities were accompanied by forest nonsense with the implementation of special rites. For this, the shaman chose a special place that was considered sacred: near the stone of an unusual form, on top of the hill or on the shore of the lake. Attending sacred places without need is strictly prohibited.
Indigenous residents used animals as medicinal raw materials. For example, fresh meat of deer or blood just killed animals that forest nonsense use without heat treatment, turned out to be an excellent anti-cutting agent due to the large content of ascorbic acid and other vitamins. The internal organs of animals, fat, bile, also found an application as medicines.
Hunting she was the most important type of man's economic activity, who provided him with food, clothing and everything necessary for life. People who behave are interested not only in the mining of animals, but also to maintain the population needed for reproduction. (Characterized by the residents of Priobya - Khanty and Mansi).
Folk hygiene to the most important section of traditional medicine should include folk hygiene and methods of preventing diseases. So, Forest Nenets put on traditional fur clothes, stitched fur inside, right on a naked body. Due to the features of Croy, the heat concentrates inside and warm the back of the back, chest, shoulders, and due to the cuts for the head and the rosters for the hands are adjusted thermal regime inside the clothes.
The reindeer fur, from which the clothes of the Forest Nenets are sewn, has special properties: in contact with the skin, it absorbs moisture well, while the fur is constantly massaged the skin, contributing to blood circulation. The deer hair inside is hollow, thanks to which the fur is reliably held heat: even the days of the Nenets wrap in the deer skins.
Hunger if the ssytyakov did not succeed in stocking the desired number of fish for the winter, they were expected by terrible hunger. This was not uncommon. During the great hunger. Residents of the Surgut County "Ate human flesh, and dogs and kids were died, and from that great hunger, many yasacha people, marking the groom and kids, disperse the unless"
In such natural climatic conditions, in which the priobskie foods lived, there could be no speech about agriculture. Bread they received from Russians. Unlike the Ostyakov, Voghulov developed Bortreast and cattle breeding, in some areas, even with a barking.
The people of the Thro-Finnish language group
Breakfashenko Daniel
PR about and with x, ozh d e n o e t n o n and ma
– Mansi - self-calf, means "man." The external name "Vogulu" comes from the name R.Vogulka and begins to be used in Russian documents from the 14th century.
- stand out south, Eastern, Westernand northern ethnographic groups Mansi.
– The language relating to Ugrian languages \u200b\u200bhas many dialects. IN 1930s. Based on Russian graphics created writing.
Ethnonian
Mansi live in Khanty-Mansiysk
Autonomous Okrug-Ugra Tyumen region
The number of Mansi in Russia is 8.3 thousand people, of which in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra over 6.5 thousand people. Manci is relatives Hantam Manci speak the Mansius of the Finno-Ural family of the Ural family. Over 60% Mansi consider
native Russian. Writing at Mansi has existed since 1931 on the basis of Latin, since 1937 - based on the Russian alphabet
Re l and g and i
– Officially addressed in the 18th century in Orthodoxy, Mansi retained various pre-Christian beliefs (the cult of defenders, shamanism, etc.).
– The system of religious submissions as a whole is traditional - this is a belief in the existence of a person of several souls: five - in men, four - in women. Soul as a life substance seems Different: like shadow, breathing, twin or spirit of man.
The National costume
Traditional
women's clothing Manci is represented by dress,
embedded satin or cloudy
Wide
distributed
fur bags and bags, traditionally
used for storage of needlework and clothing. The main form is semi-hidden, vertically or horizontally elongated.
UK R A SH E N E G O LO
Hair Mansi in former times did not cut. Men, dividing hair on a straight sample, tied them on the sides in two beams and wrapped them with a red or other color cord. Women poured her hair into two to the wasp. Both men and women woven in braids braid. Spitels in women were connected at the bottom of the thick copper chain, which did not give them to swing and hang, preventing when working. On the chain, rings, bubrenitsy,
beads and other decorations. Women from Mansi wore a big
number of copper and silver
rings. Wide widespread
women's bead decorations;
collars, various breastplates
decorations, etc.
B and D s d e i t e l n o s t i: fisheries
Reindeerness
N o s e n n n i illy
– Mansi was a half-sided lifestyle, moving in different seasons of the year from one fishing site to another. Settlements were permanent (winter) and seasonal (in the field of fishing).
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