Helicopter "Apache", considered the first attack-owner in the world in the world, received recognition during the operation "Storm in the Desert". It was these helicopters that performed the first combat task in this war, destroying the Iraqi defensive position on the very first day.
An-64 helicopter "Apache" combined helicopter qualities with the firing power of the assault aircraft. Like the infantryman, the An-64 helicopter can be quickly maneuver in order to the most efficient use of its weapons. It is also able to hide in the folds of the terrain, sharply "dive", suddenly appear and promptly respond to a rapidly changing combat situation. But, unlike the infantry, it can quickly deliver his heavy weapons for a long distance. Acting on the battlefield, together with the radio electronic exploration and communication aircraft, Northrop Grumman E-8 J-Stars, Apache helicopter becomes a decisive factor in the success of the military operation.
It seems to be clumsy and similar on a strange beetle, the helicopter is transformed when the Hellfire's Ptur carries, uncontrolled "Hydra" missiles and guns M230 "Chain Gan". This powerful arsenal helps an effective system of high-tech sensors (optoelectronic and thermal), which at any time of the day allow you to deal with the enemy.
Helicopter "Apache" was conceived and developed during the "Cold War", as the West was required to adequate tool against heavy tanks. Today it is almost forgotten when NATO countries threatened tens of thousands of tanks that are in service with the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Treaty. Helicopter "Apache" can detect a tank and destroy it, while he can use the folds of the terrain to imperceptibly approach the target. When everything is ready for impact, the helicopter sharply "jumps out" due to the shelter and applies his fatal weapon, being inaccessible for tank weapons. If the situation is not as needed, the armament of Apaches allows him to fight in the near distances.
Despite the equipment of the most modern avionics helicopters An-64 "Apache" can be successfully operated in simple conditions. The photo shows helicopters located in Germany, where many years ago they were intended to prevent the invasion of Soviet armored parts
The Helicopter "Apache" has a high maneuverability. This ability follows from the requirements of the flight at low height in order to protect against enemy fire. However, high maneuverability is significantly reduced when the helicopter carries a heavy battle load. The decision to use "Apache" to combat air targets is also reflected in its flight characteristics. At the ends of the wing, the helicopter can carry the controlled rockets of the air - the air "Stinger". In the British army, instead of "stingers" helicopters armed with rockets Short "Stastrik" or "Hzlstric"
In the attack helicopter "Apache" comes out when it is beyond the reach of the enemy's fire. The helicopter can carry various types of high-precision managed weapons, but with the defeat of poorly protected purposes, unmanaged PC has proved high efficiency. which can be equipped with various combat parts (fugasic, fragmentation, incendiary, etc.)
Left drawing. The helicopter is painted with green polyurethane paint, resistant to chemical exposure. Squadrils and other "art" emblems were practically absent, which caused annoyance from pilots, which seemed to be that they belong to the pilots of the "second grade". Only recently allowed to draw the emblems of the helicopter squadron
Helicopters "Apache" are capable of performing their task, despite some restrictions. Many of the helicopters that are in service do not have a GPS satellite navigation system and equipment for long-term flights in the area of \u200b\u200bterrain. As a product of the 1970s, An-64 helicopter is more an "analog" fighter, and not "digital". To lay a combat task plan to the helicopter system, you need to do a long and hard work, and this plan must first write on paper. Apachas perform a task by the group, and if the relationship in the group is lost, then it is impossible to fulfill the task. The crews of helicopters on themselves check the truthfulness of the statement of the German military theorist and General Charles Clausevitz, who said that "when contacting the opponent, no one plan survives." Pilots must fly and fight in a stressful situation, hoping that all the answers to the questions raised were correct until the shooting starts.
The arrows operator and the pilot are sitting by a tandem in a double cabin. The crew has a great overview and can effectively control the helicopter. The helicopter responds to teams from the controls. Wheel chassis provides free move on the ground.
An-64 combat helicopter "Apache" is a formidable weapon. But he was not the first in this capacity. The championship in the market of combat rolling machines belongs to the helicopter Bell AH-1G "Hugh Cobra", whose debut took place during the Vietnamese war.
Currently, in six countries that are in service with Helicopters "Apache", programs for their further improvement are carried out. The purpose of these programs is to introduce modern radar systems and digital avionics into the design of the helicopter created in the 1970s. Once the Helicopter "Apache" was considered only as a anti-tank agent, and now it turns into an efficient and powerful multipurpose weapon of the battlefield of the XXI century.
Top drawing. Experienced Yah-64 AV-02 helicopter at the initial stage of flight testing. The initial shape of the nasal fairing, the crew cabin and the tail T-shaped plumage
Experienced Yah-B4AV-03 helicopter with Hellfire Ptur mockups. On the photo clearly visible the flap on the wing of the helicopter. In the future it was removed
The history of the development of the Helicopter "Apache"
Hughes An-64 combat helicopter "Apache" has a long history, complete technical and financial passions. Despite all the difficulties, this helicopter is now the most efficient revolt attack aircraft of all those in service.
In August 1972, the US Army published an official request for proposals for the creation on a competitive basis of an advanced combat helicopter of the new generation Aan (Advanced Attack Helicopter). The aan helicopter was considered as replacing the helicopters Bell An-1 "Cobra", which played an important role at the final stage of the War in Vietnam. The main task of the future helicopter Aan was night percussion operations at the European Theater of Military Action. In response to the request, five US helicopter-building firms submitted their proposals. These were Bell, Boeing Vertol (together with Grumman company), Hughes, Lockhid and Sikorsky. Of these, Bella believed itself, not without reason, the potential winner. Indeed, from all contestants, Bell has had the greatest experience in creating combat helicopters. The YAH-63 helicopter developed by it ("Model 409") seemed to look quite immaculate. The company "Hughes" created some kind of angular and clumsy helicopter "Model 77", which received the designation of YAH-64 in the American army.
On June 22, 1973, the US Department of Defense announced that the helicopters of Bell Yah-63 and Hughes Yah-64 were chosen for further development and comparative tests. So began the first stage of the Aan program. Each company was instructed to build three helicopters: two flight and one for ground tests, the so-called GTV helicopter (Ground Test Vehicle). By June 1975, the company "Hughes" managed to start terrestrial tests of the first flight experienced helicopter AV-01 (Air Vehicle-01). This helicopter worked out the power plant and some systems. For flight tests, the AV-02 helicopter was intended. It should be noted that the AV-01 helicopter never soared, in fact he performed the role of the GTV helicopter.
BelL firm ahead of a competitor. In April 1975, the Yah-63 GTV helicopter was ready, which forced the company Hughes to speed up the development of his helicopter. As a result, the first flight of the experimental helicopter Yah-64 took place on September 30, 1975, a day earlier than the Yah-63 helicopter.
Intensive flight test program began. At first it was factory tests, and then comparative in the US Army. At this point, instead of the proposed ptur "TOU" it was decided to arm a helicopter Aan rockets Rockwell "Hallfire". Ptur "Hallfire" was specifically created for helicopters. It was a laser guidance missile capable of hitting the goals at a distance of more than 6 km. It was laid in it "shot and forget", that is, after starting the helicopter was to hide, and the control of the rocket was moved to the ground operator, which ensured the laser illumination of the target.
On December 10, 1976, after analyzing the results of comparative tests, the army announced Hughes Yah-64 helicopter with the winner of the Aan program. During the first stage of the tests, this helicopter had various problems, it was even necessary to redo the carrying screw: increased the length of the carrying screw shaft, and the blades were made by sweat. The mass of the pilot of an experienced helicopter was overpriced to reduce it, the company "Hughes" changed the design of the plumage and applied the lightweight "Black Hool" system to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases.
In accordance with the contract for the second stage of testing, the company "Hughes" was obliged to build three helicopters of the An-64 and one GTV helicopter (meet the serial standard) and complete the integration of the system of weapons and sensors. The first flight of the AV-02 helicopter, which was modified in the serial version, was held on November 28, 1977. In April 1979, the stutters of Halfur "Halfire" began. Two target records and night vision sites TADS / PNVS were tested on experienced helicopters (TARGET Acquisition and Designation Sight / Pilot "S Night Vision Sensor). The AV-02 helicopter was the system of Martin Marietta, and by car AV-03 - Northrop firms.
Tests of Ptur "Hallfire" on the Helicopters "Apache" began in 1980. Increased flight range of this rocket has made a significant contribution to the increase in the combat survival of the helicopter, since when it started it outside the reach of the enemy weapon. At the initial stage of testing, various problems with the laser guidance system were revealed. It turned out that fog, smoke, dust and rain limit the possibilities of the laser
The official transfer of the first combat helicopter An-64A "Apache" of the US Army in September 1983 was held at the assembly complex in Mesa (PC. Arizona, specially built for serial release of helicopters
On March 16, 1980, the AV-06 helicopter was climbed into the air, the last of the installation series of three cars, provided in the second stage of testing. On this helicopter, a low-profile all-turn stabilizer and a steering screw with an increased diameter was applied for the first time. In April 1980, an important point was held in the helicopter development program - Martin-Marietta won the TADS / PNVS competition.
1980 end ended on a tragic note. On November 20, the AV-04 helicopter served as a purpose of testing the horizontal stabilizer installation angle control system. The helicopter was accompanied by the T-28D aircraft, in which the camera was sitting in the cabin. One of the moments both aircraft got close to a dangerous distance and collided. Only the pilot of the aircraft survived in the catastrophe.
In May 1981, the helicopters AV-02, 03 and 06 were transferred to the army for final evaluation tests in the training center in Fort Hunter Ligget. Everything went well. As a result of these tests, it was decided to establish a new modification of the GTD General Electric T700-GE-701 with a capacity of 1690 liters. from. Later this year, the helicopter was assigned the name "Apache".
On April 15, 1982, a long-awaited permission was obtained to start a full-scale serial production of Apache helicopters. The US Army announced that they would buy 536 helicopters, but then was forced to limit the purchase of 446 cars. Based on this, the company "Hughes" calculated that the production program will cost $ 5.994 billion. In the army, they always understood that one helicopter was equal to 1.6 million dollars in the settlement price (in prices of 1972), not succeed. Now, according to the company "Hughes", the price of one machine jumped to $ 13 million (by the end of 1982 it increased to 16.2 million). It is not by chance that Aan's combat helicopter program fell under the fire of criticism in the US government. But "Apache" had influential friends. The Commander of the Armed Forces of NATO in Europe General Bernard Rogers sent a letter to the senators speaking on July 22, 1982 against the Aan Program. In this letter, he spoke about the threat, which is carried by Western Europe's troops of the Warsaw Treaty, especially their tank armies. The general graduated from his message: "We urgently need an Helicopters of An-64 in Europe, we cannot afford that their tanks go like a smooth board."
September 30, 1983, eight years after the first flight, at the Hughes plant in Mesa (PC. Arizona) for the US Army, the official presentation of the first serial helicopter "Apache" took place. Project Manager Brigadier General Charles Drentz then announced that the initial price of one helicopter was equal to $ 7.8 million (at the rate of 1984) or $ 9 million at the current rate. Taking into account the costs of Nib), this price reaches almost $ 14 million. The company "Hughes" planned by 1986 to bring the serial production of helicopters up to 12 units per month. Thus, in the budget of the US Department of Defense for 1985 f. The purchase of 144 helicopters was envisaged. Next 1986 f. G. It was also planned to acquire 144 cars, and in 1987 f. G. - Total 56.
The first, a truly serial helicopter An-64 PV-01 fulfilled January 9, 1984. The first flight lasting 30 min. By this time, experienced cars spent over 4500 hours in the air. This event occurred after January 6 became known that the company "Hughes" becomes a subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas Corporation.
The transmission ceremony of the first helicopter An-64a of the American army took place on January 26, 1984 in reality, it was a formal procedure, since the first serial car PV-01 remained owned by Hughes / McDonlanian Douglas. Actually the first helicopter "Apache", which the army could consider his property, turned out to be a car under the number PV-13.
It is on this helicopter that army pilots flew to themselves at the base.
The first serial "apachas" first got into training and training squadrons at the bases in Fort-Justis (pcs. Virginia), where the center for training specialists in service and logistics, and Fort Racker (PCS. Alabama), where flight crews were preparing. Procurement program "Apache helicopters" procurement was announced: 138 - in 1985 G., 116 - in 1986 f. G., 101 - in 1987 f. G., 77-in 1988 f. G., 54 - in 1989 f. G., 154 - in 1990 f. 10 more helicopters, but only in 1995 f. G. If you consider the six experienced and pre-seventure helicopters, as well as 171 helicopters, ordered in the first half of the 1980s, the total number of purchases reached 827 units. The first full-time helicopter part was the 7th battalion of the 17th cavalry brigade, in which 90-day retraining began in April 1986. The last, 821th serial helicopter An-64a "Apache" was put in service on April 30, 1996
An-64a "Apache"
The AN-64A "Apache" combat helicopter shown here was one of the helicopters set in 1987 in the 6th Cavalry Brigade on the basis of Fort Hood (pieces. Texas). In 1986-1988 The brigade included three battalions of An-64a helicopters. In 1988, the 2nd battalion was transferred to West Germany, becoming the first overseas division of Apache helicopters. Currently, the 6th Brigade holds the Helicopters "Apache" at the bases in South Korea.
Carrying
The sleeve of the carrier screw of the helicopter "Apache" of a hinge type. The blades have a steel spar, which are attached compartments with a cellular aggregate number with a fiberglass trim. They are withstanding 23-mm shells. Above the sleeve of the carrier screw on the elongated rod is the air parameter sensor, known as the "Peser". This sensor measures the air temperature, pressure and speed, its testimony is extremely important for the operation of the instrument equipment and the fire control system.
Cannon M230E1 "Chein Gan"
Initially, the gun M230E1 caliber 30 mm was designed for aircraft. It has a relatively small shooting range. The gun is known called "Chain Gan". It has a high shooting accuracy, but is used mainly to not give the enemy to raise his head. The gun control can be carried out by a pilot and a shooter with the help of tinner sights, i.e. it tracks the turn of the crew member head. During the operation "Storm in the desert", standard armor-piercing projectiles M789 were used, capable of punching the Iraqi tanks of T-55
System of lowering the temperature of the exhaust gases "Black Hole"
A combat helicopter is dangerous by the affect of portable anti-aircraft missile systems with a thermal head of homing head, such as Russian rockets "Arrow" or "Needle". When developing the Helicopter "Apache", given the peculiarities of its combat use, faced the task of making its thermal visibility as little as possible. To this end, the company "Hughes" designed the original system for reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas "Black Hole" ("Black Hole"), which is large boxe fairing around the engines. The Black Hool system sues the outer air, which cools the exhaust gases and, using special heat-absorbing materials, reduces the exhaust temperature.
Ptur "Hallfire"
The anti-tank rocket Rockwell AGM-114 "Hallfire" is the main weapon of the Helicopter An-64a "Apache". It combines high accuracy of the laser guidance system, a large range of flight (the highest of all existing ptthi) and a powerful combat part (BC) that can destroy any tank for one hit. The exact range of the Hallfire Rocket flight is kept secret, but it undoubtedly exceeds 8 km. Now the US Army is adopted by the new modification of AGM-114K "Hallfire" II, which appeared as a result of the experience of war in the Persian Gulf in 1991. Hallfire's II rocket has an improved laser head, a new autopilot and upgraded BC. In the previous ptur "Hallfire", the BC consists of an formed explosive charge (PT), within which the copper core is located. When the rocket falls into the target (for example, in the tank), then with the help of the core breaks through armor, the molten metal jet is broken into the resulting hole, destroying everything in its path. On the Hellfire Rocket II, cumulative tandem BC is used, and the copper core is replaced with steel.
Steering screw
The steering screw of the Helicopter "Apache" has an unusual X-shaped form, its blades are installed asymmetrically at an angle of 60 and 120 ° relative to each other. This configuration reduces the noise level of the steering screw, which makes the main contribution to the acoustic characteristics of any helicopter. The new shape of the steering screw allows you to load the An-64a helicopter into the cargo cabin of the military transport aircraft, without removing the screw.
Arms under the wing
In the usual composition of the helicopter armament include a combination of the AGM-114 "Hallfire" and PC containers, which improves the operational flexibility of the machine, allowing you to affect various goals. The maximum helicopter can take 16 ptur. In this case, it is pure anti-tank. PC Calibrome 70 mm is used to defeat goals at a short distance.
Defensive systems
The helicopter is equipped with an A / APR-39 (V) 1 radar irradiation system, the antennas of which are located in various places of the fuselage from the nose to the tail. An AN / ALQ-136 Radio Electronic Countessing system can be used. Closer to the end of the tail beam can be placed a shooting systems of heat traps and dipole reflectors M130, designed for 30 shots and protecting the helicopter from anti-aircraft missiles with thermal or radar means of guidance. Under the supporting screw is the AN / ALQ 144 (V) system "Disco Light" to suppress the operation of the enemy thermal imaging.
Class Air Rockets - Air
In the 1980s, in the United States, tests on the administration of the air-air - air were carried out in the "Apache helicopters" of the air. In these tests, AIM-9 "Saydunderder" rockets and the aircraft version of the Stinger portable anti-aircraft missile were used. However, the tests of the English missile "Stastrik" (in the helicopter version of Helistik, showed that it exceeds American. It is possible that Wah-64 helicopters (in service the British army) will be the first in the family of Helicopters "Apache", equipped with class missiles. Air - air. Maybe then the US Army will be interested in such missiles.
Boeing An-64a "Apache"
An-64A Helicopter "Apache" from the 1st Aviation Training Brigade of the US Army (Fort Raker, PC. Alabama). All helicopters of this brigade, based in the Fort Racker, had a large white identification sign on board. Cadets who have passed initial training at the Helicopters of An-64a, then for 12 weeks passed improvements in the 14th squadron
Layout scheme of the helicopter An-64a "Apache"
I - scanning device of the night vision system;
2-system PNVS;
3 - gyrostabirovated turret with optoelectronic sensors and target designator;
4 - TADS targeting system scanning device:
5 - motor housing, providing a reversal of azimuth;
6 - mobile turner installation of the TADS / PNVS system;
7- Tour drive motor;
8-fastening of sensors;
9 - rearview mirror;
10-hatches for access to the nose dashboard;
11 - terminal block;
12 signal converter:
13- Pedals of track control in the cockpit arrow;
14 - anterior antenna of a radar radiolocation warning system;
15 - the barrel of the gun M230E1 "Chain Gan";
16 - lateral fairing;
17 - air supply line in the cooling system of the avionics compartment;
18 - Crew cabinettes, reinforced boron fibers;
19 - a folding control knob in the cockpit arrow;
20- Armament Management Panel:
21 - dashboard housing;
22-wiper;
23 - Windshield Cabin Cabin Arrow:
24 - viewfinder sight;
25 - front armored pilot cabin;
26 - Wiper
27 - seat arrow with kevlaroplaschik armor;
28 - binding belts;
29 - side dashboard;
30 - engine control levers;
31 - left and right compartments of avionics in lateral fairings;
32 - Sash for access to the Avionics compartment;
33 lever control shared step:
34 - resistant to damage the design of the chair;
35 - Travel control pedals 8 Pilot Cabin;
36 - Side glazing panel:
37 - dashboard in the pilot cabin;
38 - transparent acrylic glass partition between cabins:
39 - Right sidebar of glazing, serving the door to the cockpit Arrow:
40- Container with PC caliber 70 mm; 41 - Crying pylon on the right wing console; 42- Upper Pilot Cabin Glazing Panel:
43 - dashboard case;
44 - pilot seat with kevlaroplasic armor;
45 - lever control shared step;
46 - side dashboard;
47- Engine control levers:
48 - floor of the pilot cockpit;
49 - Fastening the shock absorber of the main support chassis;
50 - a silent sleeve of the bipulation;
51 - Front fuel tank (total capacity of fuel tanks 1420 l);
52 - Control system connecting thrust;
53 - Shutters of the ventilation system of the crew cabin;
54 - Display installation panel;
55 - handrails for maintenance:
56 - hydraulic cylinders of the control screw control system (three);
57 - Slit air intake of the ventilation system;
58 - VHF antenna;
59 - Right Wing Console;
60 blade of the carrier screw;
81 - Multilayer design of the attachment assembly to the sleeve;
62 vibration dampers;
63-axis hinge;
64 - Bar Mast with air data sensors;
65 - hub bushings of the carrier screw;
66 - horizontal hinge:
67-zlastomeric dampers;
68 - Land control of the installation of the blade:
69 - disk space disk;
70 - shaft of the carrier screw;
71 - VSU shaft:
72 - mixing thrust control of the sleeve of the carrier screw; 73 support of the main gearbox; 74 Globes of the oil cooler of the transmission:
75-brake carrier screw;
76 - the main gearbox;
77 - the main gearbox's power firm;
78 - Generator:
79 - Drive shaft from the left motor:
80 - Power platform for installation of the gearbox;
81 - Tracting steering control system;
82 - Ammunition Store:
83 - Wing console mount nodes:
84 - engine gearbox;
85 - Engine air intake:
86 - Engine oil tank;
87 - GTD General Electric T700-GE-701;
88 - Separator of foreign particles on the air intake;
89 - Drive reducer Auxiliary engine units;
90-thermal transfer;
91 - Gas Turbine of the Armed Forces and Starter / Generator;
92 - the panel of the fairing of the right engine (lean on maintenance);
93 - Right Engine Exhaust Pipes:
94 - exhaust nozzle VSU;
95 equipment for aircraft management and SZGO; 96 - blinds on the exhaust hole of the heat exchanger;
97 - Separator of foreign particles on the exhaust mixer;
98 - a system of reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas "Black Hole";
99 - hydraulic tank:
100 - rear fairing of the main gearbox and the compartment of the power plant;
101 - Maintenance platform:
102-tailed steering screw;
103 - Gargro for shaft of the transmission of the steering screw;
104 - steering screw transmission shaft;
105 - Bearing supports and couplings:
106 - Intermediate gearbox with conical gears:
107- Construction of the terminal bag-keel;
108 - steering screw drive shaft;
109 - all-turn stabilizer;
110- Housing of the gear of the steering screw;
111 - steering screw gear:
112 is a coil clamping;
113 - the tail antenna of the radar radiolocation warning system;
114 - tail-tail;
115 - the tail sections of the keel with a twist for improving travel stability;
116 - Power Drive Management System Sharing Steering Screw:
117 steering screw;
118 blades of the X-shaped steering screw;
119 - Stabilizer design;
120 - drive of the stabipizer;
121 - self-orienting tail support; 122-shock absorber tail support;
123 - Y-shaped tail support;
124 - Technological handrails:
125 - hydroxidant of the rotation system of the Stabipizer,
126 - node fastening the terminal beam-keel;
127 - a block of shooting of thermal traps and dipole reflectors:
128 - Ring Cast Tail Boxes;
129 - antenna of a radar radiolocation warning system.
130 - the design of the tail beam;
131 - VHF antenna;
132 - Auto Radio Compasses Framework:
133 - fixed antenna of automatic radio compass; 134-hatch;
135 - technological handrails;
136 - compartment of radio-electronic equipment:
137 - Rear fuel tank;
138 - fire prevention fitting with fuel tank;
139 - RF Antenna:
140 - steel spars blades of the carrier screw;
141 -Stelloplastic reinforcing elements:
142 - the tailing of the sections of the blades with a cellular filler;
143 - fiberglass blasting blades;
144 - Fixed trimmer;
145 - Skilovoid ending the blade:
146 - Static electricity discharger:
147 - flap shield;
148 - Wing Rights:
149 - Wing console with two spars:
150 - Right Anno and flashing fire;
151 -live cergy pylons for weapons suspension;
152 - Container with 19 pc caliber 70 mm;
153 - Ptur Rockwell AGM-114 "Hallfire";
155-rear side of the side fairing; 156 - footboard for the pilot;
157- Pneumatic Left Basic Support:
158 - Plug of the main support chassis;
159 - shock absorber;
160 - footboard for the arrow;
161 - Fixed Keywords: Main Support Chassis;
162 - Ribbon feeding shells to a gun and a gate of the return of shooting sleeves;
163 - the rotary mechanism of the gun;
164 - The mechanism of azimuthal rotation of the gun:
165 - Hughes M230E1 "Chein Gan" by a 30 mm caliber;
166-Dung Brake
High performance qualities shown by the Helicopters "Apache" during the operation "Storm in the Desert", pushed some countries (for example, Greece, Great Britain and the Netherlands) to accelerate the choice of a new combat helicopter for their armed forces, and existing buyers (for example, Saudi Arabia and OAS) - to making a decision on the purchase of additional machines. To date, more than 200 Helicopters "Apache" have been delivered to export
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
An-64 "Apache"
Length with rotating screws 17.76 m The diameter of the carrier screw is 14.63 m Overtable area 168.11 m 2 Diameter of the steering screw 2.79 m Overtable area 6.13 m 2 Wing span 6.23 M height of the helicopter over the sleeve of the carrier screw (An-64a) 3.84 m, taking into account the shutter RLS (AH-64D) 4.95 m
Scope of the stabilizer 3.45 m The base of the chassis is 10.69 m Chassis pitch 2.03 m
Power point
An-64a: 2 GTD General Electric T700-GE-701 with a capacity of 1695 liters. from. and, starting from the 604th serial helicopter, 2 GTD T700-GE-701C with a capacity of 1890 liters. from. AH-64D: 2 GTD General Electric T700-GE-701 with an enlarged capacity of 1800 liters. from.
Mass and loads
Empty helicopter weight 5165 kg (AN-64A) and 5350 kg (AH-64D) Normal take-off weight 6552 kg, maximum take-off weight 9525 kg (with T700-GE-701 GTD) or 10,430 kg (with T700-GE-701C GTD When performing a distiller flight) Maximum combat load on external suspension 772 kg
Fuel
Maximum fuel mass in inner tanks 1157 kg Fuel mass in four PTB 2710 kg
Flight characteristics
Maximum cruising speed
293 km / h (An-64a) and 260 km / h (An- 64d)
Unsightened speed of 365 km / h, maximum waterproofing at sea level 12.7 m / s (An-64a) and 7.5 m / s (AH-64D) operational ceiling 6400 m Operational ceiling with one operating engine 3290 m Static ceiling without Accounting Earth's influence 3505 m (An-64a) and 2890 m (AH-64D)
Maximum flight range without a load of 480 km (An-64a) and 407 (AH-64D)
Distant range with fuel in inner tanks and PTB 1900 km Duration of flight at a height of 1220 m 1 h 50 min Maximum overload 3.5
Armament
One gun Hughes M230E1 "Chein Gan" by a 30 mm caliber under the fuselage (sleeve 1,200 shells, rapid fiction 625 shots per minute). On four undermines, suspension of up to 16 ptur rockwell AGM-114A or -114L "Hallfire" or containers with 70-mm PC (up to 77 shells) are possible.
Helicopter "Apache" has high maneuverability. It can perform "barrels" with an angular velocity of 100 degrees. / S, which is more characteristic of the fighter, and not for a helicopter. The ability to fly with overload 3.5 (usually overload for helicopters does not exceed 2) allows the crew to perform a maneuver, which will make it possible to take a favorable position to hit the goal or to get away from danger, saving your life
An-64 helicopters in the US Army are armed with containers M261 containing 19 PC "Hydra" 70 Calibrom 70 mm (see photo). In the English Army, Boeing Helicopters - Westland WAH-64D can carry similar containers, but with PC CRV-7 of the same caliber
The first combat deployment of the An-64 helicopters "Apache" occurred in December 1989 at this time, as part of the 1st Aviation Battalion of the 82nd Air Division, they were transferred to Panama to participate in the "Direct Reason" operation. Helicopters "Apache" from the 101st air division as part of the "Normandy" shock group made its first shots during the operation "Storm in the Desert". On the night of January 17, 1991, Eight An-64A helicopters crossed the Iraq's unnoticed border with Kuwait and destroyed PJ1C, clearing the way for the aircraft of the Allied Forces for subsequent strikes
An-64 helicopter "Apache" and its systems
Systems of sensors
An important element of the BREO Helicopter complex "Apache" is the sighting system TADS / PNVS (Target Acquisition and Designation / Pilot "S Night Vision System), combined with night vision equipment. Without such a system, the helicopter is not able to perform its tasks. Night vision system AAQ-11 It is a heatheaver-finder FUR, located on a turner installation above the nose of the fuselage and used by the pilot during night flights or when there is a bad visibility. The aiming AN / ASQ-170 system consists of two independent turret plants placed in the nose of the fuselage. On the above photo is shown. HEATERAL CONTACTER, in many ways identical to heat reflector of the PNVS system, but used by the shooter to determine the location of the target. On the right side, another turret is an optical telescopic system and a laser target designator, which ensures the guidance of the Hellfire Ptur.
Cabin crew
The experience of the war in Vietnam forced army specialists to think. When designing an Apache helicopter, the fundamental requirement was the crew protection. The crew cabin has a reliable booking, the pilot chairs and the arrow are equipped with individual armor, in addition, the chairs are not destroyed when the helicopter falls. The chassis "Apache" can withstand the most rude landing. The convex glazing of the crew cabin was used earlier on the helicopters contributed to the detection of the car on solar glare at a very long distance. At the helicopter "Apache" of the glazing panel of the crew cabin flat, which minimizes the reel. Currently, the possibility of using air inflatable safety bags in the cabin, which should further protect the pilots.
Armament
Currently, the AGM-114 of Hallfire's AGM-114 in combination with the TADS / PNVS system make the Apache helicopter with the most effective combat thicker apparatus in the world. When the An- 64D "Apache Longbo" helicopter was adopted, the modification of the AGM-114L missile "Longbo Hallfire" was used on it. The control of this rocket is carried out using the Longboe shutter radar radar radar, which allows the helicopter to let rockets, hiding among the trees or hills. The usual Pttur "Hallfire" during the entire flight to the goal should constantly monitor the laser backlight of the target from the helicopter.
Gun M230E1 "Chein Tan"
30-mm gun M230E1 "Chain Gang" (Chain Gun) is a unique weapon. Her developer is Hughes. The name of the gun gave a mechanism for feeding shells consisting of a silent metal chain (chain - in English "Chain"). The projectile contains almost 1100 shells, 100 more are located directly in the tape. The gun is associated with the Ihadss pilot sightseeing. It can deviate at angle of elevation from + 11 ° to - 60 ° and unfolded by azimuth by an angle of ± 100 °.
POWER POINT
An-64a Helicopter "Apache" is equipped with two GTD General Electric T700-GE-701 with a capacity of 1695 liters. from. Starting from the 604th serial helicopter began to put the engines of the T700-GE-701c with a capacity of 1890 liters. from. All An-64A helicopters, modernized on the task of the US Army in the AH-64D version, also receive the engine - 701 C, and Boeing Helicopters - Westland WAH-64D for the British Army will have a GTD Rolls-Royce / Turbomoke RTM322 with a capacity of 2210 liters. from.
Boeing AH-64D "Apache Longbo"
The culmination in the family of combat helicopters Boeing An- 64 was the modification of AH-64D "Apache Longbo", which pilots belong to the combat helicopters of a new generation.
In qualitatively, the AH-B4D helicopter surpassed its predecessor. With the help of new equipment, it can track up to 1024 potential purposes. Of these, 128 can be identified and distributed according to the degree of increasing threat, and then 16 of the most dangerous goals are selected by which the blow is applied.
Immediately after the receipt of the AN-64 helicopters, attempts to improve his improvement began. In the mid-1980s, McDonnell-Douglas conducted studies of the modification of the "Apache Plas" (or "Apache" +), which later became informally denoted by Ah-64B. This helicopter was supposed to change the design of the crew cockpit and place a new fire control system in it. An-64V helicopter's armament was to enter the air rockets - the air "Stinger" and the improved Chen Gan gun. However, even before the design of the design, the development of the An-64B helicopter was closed.
Later with the emergence of new technologies, the idea of \u200b\u200ba significant improvement in the An-64a helicopter, expanding its fighting capabilities. The experience of using helicopters in the "Storm in the Desert" operation revealed their operational restrictions and served as an incentive to create an improved option.
One of the bright novelties on the Helicopter "Apache" was Ryas "Longbo" of the millimeter range, installed in the fairing over the sleeve of the carrier screw. This station is specifically designed to guide the AGM-114L "Hallfire". After the final introduction of the RLS complex on the helicopter, he received the AN-64D "Apache Longbo".
Longturic radar "Longbo" allows independent of the state of the environment to produce all 16 AGM-114L missiles according to the principle "shot and forgotten", even if the helicopter hides behind the trees. In terms of combat, it is important, since the AH-64D helicopter can be in the shelter, which increases its chances to remain whole and not subjected to the blows of the air-air rockets or portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
The AH-64D helicopter is equipped with a fully new avionics complex. Four two-channel MIL-STD 1553B data transmission tires, combined with new processors, and a more powerful electrical system can be said, revolutionized the capabilities of the helicopter compared to the initial version of the An-64a. Instead of numerous electromechanical pointers and almost 1,200 togglers in the helicopter cabin, a large-format multifunctional display of the production of Litton Canada was installed, two color displays (screen size 150 x 150 mm) developing an ELLIDE signal and 200 togglers. The helicopter also uses advanced targeted indicators, upgraded Doppler navigation system of the PLESSI AN / APN-157N radio versioner Hanieell AN / APN-209. The helicopter is also equipped with a GPS satellite navigation system associated with an inertial navigation system, as well as an AN / ARC-201D KV radio station and VHF ranges. New navigation equipment makes it possible to perform a task in any weather, while the An-64a helicopter can fly with some deterioration in the weather. Additional radio-electronic systems on the APAC Longbo AH-64D helicopter required installations on the sides of the nose part of the fuselage elongated EFAB (ENHANCED FORWARD AVIONICS BAYS).
Longbow highlightening radar radar allows you to detect, accompany and destroy various goals in any weather and at night, even if the goals are covered with thick smoke
Using the shutter radar, the AH-64D helicopter can imperceptibly monitor the goals without fears being detected and shot down
Six experienced AH-64D helicopters were built. The first one flew on April 15, 1992, and the last - March 4, 1994. The US Army ordered 232 helicopters of the new building
The appearance of the Helicopter AH-64D "Apache Longbo" proclaimed the second birth of the Helicopter of the Apache family. However, its high cost makes some customers buy cheaper An-64a
A rapidly changing setting on the battlefield implies the use of effective and efficient communication between troops. The AH-64D helicopter has a data transfer unit (DTM), which allows negotiations not only with the crews of other helicopters (AH-64D, OH-58D, etc.), but also by the aircraft electronic exploration and management of US Air Force Boeing RC-135 "Rive Joint "and Northrop Grumman E-8 J-Stars. Information on the purposes received from the helicopter on the closed communication channels helps the aircraft more accurately indicate the lesion zone. At the time of the beginning of the attack RLS "Longbo" classifies the goals and determines the most dangerous.
Standing on helicopters Generl Electric Electric T700-GE-701 will be completely replaced with more powerful T700-GE-701C engines (1720 l. E.). Engines 701C are already put on the AN-64A helicopters, starting with the 604th serial machine supplied in 1990. These engines have already proven their effectiveness.
The Committee for the Procurement of Armament in the United States (DAB) in August 1990 approved the 51-month program for developing AH-64D Helicopters "Apache Longbo". Later, this period was increased to 70 months due to the proposal to equip helicopters of the AGM-114L helicopters. The decision on the full-scale production of 232 helicopters "Apache Longbo" was adopted on October 18, 1996. At the same time, a contract for the supply of AGM-114L missiles 13,311 was issued. The first AH-64D helicopter was supplied in March 1997 on the Helicopters "Apache Longbo" are going to use some technologies intended for the reconnaissance helicopter RAH-66 "Comaper". If the "Comaper" helicopter entered the arms, then, together with the AH-64D helicopter, it formed an effective combat system, which is an integral part of the combat sequence center system of the XXI century. Supply of Helicopters "Apache Longbo" will last until 2008
In response to critical comments, the AH-64D helicopter confirmed its capabilities during flight tests. From January 30 to February 9, 1995, in the Testing Center in Chinanol, An-64a and AH-64D helicopters conducted joint firing from standard weapons. At the same time, the entire possible range of combat scenarios was simulated.
The test results were stolen. The AIH-64D helicopter destroyed 300 armored goals, and the An-64a is only 75. At the same time, the four AH-64D helicopters were conditionally "shot down", and the number of "lost" An-64a machines reached 28. One of the official representatives of the Pentagon declared after testing : "For many years of participation in the tests of various weapons, I have never seen such a weapon system that simply suppressed the system for replacement with its capabilities.
After the US Army, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom expressed a desire to buy 30 and 67 AH-64D helicopters respectively.
Greece became the first country in Europe, which bought the helicopters of An-B4a "Apache"
Operation of An-64 helicopters
The role of combat helicopters is constantly growing. For the company "McDonnell Douglas" (and then the firms "Boeing") did not surprise. Despite the relatively high cost, the Helicopters "Apache" are listed in the list of purchases of many armed forces of the world.
For the first time, the combat capabilities of the An-64 helicopters "Apache" were demonstrated to the world during the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991. After that, McDonnell-Douglas began to receive from various countries the proposals for the purchase of Apache helicopters in order to increase the impact opportunities of the Armed Forces . According to experts, such helicopters can be successfully used in local armed conflicts.
Permanent territorial disputes between Greece and Turkey were forced to be the first to modernize the fleet of combat helicopters. On December 24, 1991, the command of Army Aviation of Greece signed a contract for the supply of 12 AN-64A Helicopters "Apache" and reserved an order for another 8 cars. It was stipulated that the number of reserved orders could be increased to 12. In June 1996, the first ordered helicopters "Apache" were delivered on board the sea transport. Currently, 20 cars are in service with Greece. All of them are part of the 1st battalion of shock helicopters based in Stefanovikion. According to some sources in the United States, the possibility of buying another 24 helicopters is discussed.
In the Netherlands, the requirements for a multi-purpose armed helicopter, which should perform intelligence, maintenance of transport helicopters and direct support for the ground forces were formulated. Under these demands, Helicopters like "Apache" were best. Despite the objections of some economists, the leadership of the Netherlands on May 24, 1995 decided to buy Helicopters AH-64D "Apache Longbo" helicopters. Thus, this country has become the first exporter of AH-64D helicopters. During 1998, it was planned to get 30 cars. The feature of the Dutch helicopters AH-64D was the lack of a laptop radar radar "Longbo." Helicopters have formed the core recently created in the Netherlands of rapid response.
After the end of the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991, many Arab countries also began to buy Helicopters An-64. For the UAE with huge reserves of oil, the problem of the cost of the helicopter did not stood so acute. The Air Force of this country received the first combat helicopter "Apache" at the official ceremony on October 3, 1993 in Abu Dhabi. During 1993, deliveries continued, all 20 cars are based in al-Dafre. It remains to get another 10 helicopters.
In 1993, Saudi Arabia received 12 en-64a helicopters. All of them are on the military base of the Army Aviation Kingheld. These helicopters perform tasks as part of the so-called "hunting groups", which include Light Intelligence Helicopters Bell 406cs "Combat Skout". It is not yet clear whether Saudi Arabia received an AGM-114 "Hallfire" rocket helicopters.
In March 1995, Egypt received a large batch of weapons from the United States in the amount of $ 318 million. It was 36 An-64a helicopters, four Hellfire's spare sets,
Great Britain
In the mid-1980s, they were looking for a new combat vertico ta. These searches that have become priority, assumed the purchase of at least 127 combat helicopters. In February 1993, a competition was announced, in which American helicopters AH-64D "Apache Longbo" and the RAH-66 "Team" and the European Helicopter "Tiger" took part. From the very beginning of the competition it was obvious that the favorite is "Apache Longbo". In July 1995, for Army Aviation, the UK was chosen by him, assigning it the designation WAH-64D. This stressed that the participant of the production program and procurement of the helicopter is the English firm "Westland". The power setting of the WAH-64D helicopter should consist of two GTD Roll-Royce / Turbouge RTM322. The first Wah-64D helicopter was adopted by the English Army in January 2001 under the designation of An.Mk.1. The last of the 67 helicopters ordered was transferred to the customer in July 2004 during the work of the Aviation and Space Exhibition in Farnborough. In October 2004, the helicopters reached the level of operational readiness and in May 2005. The first army helicopter regiment of 18 cars was recognized completely combat. By 2007, the remaining two regiments should have the same status.
Israeli Helicopters "Apache" are not particularly evolving in public. Despite the large number of helicopters delivered, in Israel recognize the existence of only one squadron of An-64a helicopters. She is known as the 113rd squadron, its distinctive emblem is wasp (see photo). In the Armed Forces of Israel, the an-64a "Apache" helicopters are called "Perepen" ("Cobra"). They are actively used against the terrorists and militants "Hezbollah" together with light helicopters MD Helixopters 500md
34 containers with PC and six spare engines T700, as well as spare parts for laser and optical aiming systems. Egypt also turned to the Americans to sell another helicopter. All supplied helicopters fit the American standards, they had GPS satellite navigation tools. Only radio equipment was configured to the corresponding frequencies.
On September 12, 1990, the 113rd of the Israel Air Force Squadron became the first adopted Helicopters "Apache". In August - September 1993, Israel received another 24 An-64a helicopter (along with two multipurpose machines Sikorsky UH-6A). These helicopters of the American army kept in stocks in Europe and handed over to Israel as a sign of gratitude for the support of the United States during the operation of the "Storm in the Desert". Helicopters were delivered aboard Lokhid S-5 "Gelaksi" from the US airbase in Ramstein (Germany). From the new arriving helicopters in the Israeli Air Force, the second squadron was formed.
In November 1991, Israel, the first of foreign buyers of Apache helicopters, applied them in combat conditions. Then various databases of the Hezbollah militants were attacked on the territory of South Lebanon.
Among the potential buyers of Helicopters "Apache" is Kuwait, where the new combat helicopter is being searched. However, the contract for their supply will be unlikely signed. The fact is that Kuwait has already bought a party of multipurpose helicopters Sikorsky UH-60L, armed with Halfur "Halfire". Bahrain and South Korea are exhibiting great interest in Helicopter "Apache". Negotiations with these countries still will not be completed.
An-64a "Apache"
Israel received the helicopters of the An-64a Apache for weapons in September 1990. Since then, helicopters are often used in the areas of South Lebanon, bordering Israel. For example, on February 16, 1992, the Apachi pair arranged an ambush towards the Hezbollah Secretary General Abbas Musabas from Jibshit to Sidon.
In attacks against terrorists, Halfire's high-precision missiles are used. Their capabilities were well demonstrated during the destruction of small goals, which are often surrounded by civilian buildings and other buildings.
Identification signs of Israeli helicopters
Unlike other combat helicopters, Israeli is painted in olive color that reduces thermal visibility. An identification marks are applied to the outer surface (for example, on the helicopters of the 113rd squadron mentioned). Helicopters participating in raids to the areas of South Lebanon, on the tail beam have a yellow v-shaped emblem made of heat-reflecting paint.
Weapon suspension pylons
Supplement pylons per helicopter "Apache" can be deflected in a vertical plane to provide the desired elevation angle during rocket shooting or achieving the required aerodynamic characteristics in flight. When the helicopter lands, the pylons automatically rise to the position "on Earth", i.e., parallel to the earth's surface.
Sound warning system
During critical situations (when the threat of defeat, the refusal of any on-board system, etc.), except for visual alarm, in the headphones of the crew members turns on sound. Pilots can also receive a tonal alarm, which indicates that they are conducted in a closed to lightlight mode.
The main supports chassis
The main supports of the chassis have shock absorbers. Before transporting in the cargo cabin of the aircraft, the support is pregnant, reducing the helicopter heel. Shock absorbers are able to perceive shock overload during emergency landing, protecting the crew. But they can only do this once, after such a landing, they definitely change.
Protection against high-voltage wires
Under the bow of the fuselage in front of the gun, over the crew cabin in front of the carrying screw, before the turnel installation of the TADS / PNVS system and on the main chassis supports, sawn knives for cutting high-voltage wires. Such knives are especially important when flying in urban quarters.
System shooting thermal traps and dipole reflectors
On the sides of the tail beam, 30-charge blocks M130 shooting the heat traps and dipole reflectors are installed. M1 dipole reflectors protect the helicopter from controlled anti-aircraft missiles with radar guidance.
Helicopters in combat operations after "storms in the desert"
The Helicopters of the An-64a "Apache" from the 69th Air Force Aviation Group of the UAE, armed with Hzllfire and containers with 70-mm PC "Hydra" 70 were engaged in patrolling over Kosovo. These helicopters were deployed on IL-76 transport aircraft in Skople (Macedonia)
After the end of the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991, the combat helicopters of the Boeing "Apache" of the US Army took part in the three UN and NATO peacekeeping operations. The helicopters of the An-64a of the Armed Forces of Israel regularly conducted the fighting against militants in Lebanon and in Palestine.
Immediately after the end of the operation of the "Shield of the Desert", the Helicopters "Apache" of the American army participating in it were involved in the UN peacekeeping operation in the north of Iraq. The helicopters directly participated in the operation of "Providing Comfort", the purpose of which was the protection of the Kurdish population from Saddam Hussein's troops. An-64a helicopters were attributed to the B / W battalion CAV "Sixshuters". On April 24, 1991, these helicopters on military transport aircraft were transferred from the airbase in Illes-Khaima (Germany) to Turkey. The whole road occupied 23 hours. During the peacekeeping operation, combat helicopters ensured the support of UN transport helicopters that delivered food and medicines into the camp of the Kurdish refugees in the mountains in the north of Iraq. "Apuli" was also used to track the night movements of Iraqi troops.
When in December 1995, the US Army began a campaign in the Balkans, then in the process of unlocking parts of the 1st armored division from Germany, an air protection was provided by An-64A helicopters from the battalions of 2-227 and 3-227, usually based in the German city of Hanau . Helicopters "Apache" flew to the arrival of the main forces. At first they got to the Hungarian Tashar, where American troops gathered. Then they flew to the base in Croatia (Croatia) to ensure the safety of the attitudes of the pontoon bridge across the Sava River. Only after the fulfillment of this task, the helicopters finally got to the place of base in Tuzle.
The divisions of the 1st armored division of the US Army, as a component of peacekeeping forces (IFOR), were engaged in the division of warring parties in Bosnia. Helicopters "Apache" patrolled the section of the section in order to prevent any of her violation, and also accompanied transport helicopters and car conversions. They were attracted to ensure the safety of various events, including visits of high-ranking persons. At the end of 1996, after stabilizing the situation in Bosnia, the Helicopters "Apache" returned to Germany.
When on March 24, 1999, NATO's troops began to operations "Allied force" in Yugoslavia, official plans for deploying there Apach helicopters did not. However, on April 4, the Pentagon decided to still send a fighting helicopters there. This decision was furnished with a big pump, since many military and politicians believed that Apache helicopters should be used from the very first days of hostilities. However, the deployment of the Hawk combat group (such a name was obtained by a helicopter unit) more resembled a promotional "PIAR" action. In Illesheim, the 2/6 CAV and B / B CAV battalions of the 11th air regiment were 24 An-64a helicopter. The provision of 26 helicopters UH-60L "Black Hawk" and CH-47D "Chinook" were engaged in their security, the latter served as advanced fueling points. On Earth, helicopters were protected by powerful infantry and armored vehicles. According to experts, for the transfer of the Hawk combat group on the base in Rinas (Albania), 115 departures of Boeing C-17 strategic aircraft will be required.
When developing the An-64 helicopter, it was provided for its operational transformation through the air to any point of the globe. The photo shows the loading of the helicopter on board the Lokhid C-5 aircraft "Gelaksi". Delivery of helicopters can be carried out by sea, they can get to the right place and "their own way." Additional fuel tanks are put on helicopters for distillation
On right. After several months of stay at the Aybl Sentri camp in Macedonia, the Helicopters "Apache" were redeployed directly to the territory in Kosovo to the Bondilail camp (see photo), from where they flew out to the task of patrolling
In Kosovo, helicopters were operated from the 1st battalion of the 1st Aviation Regiment. In combat duty, there were always two helicopters AN-64A
Together with the helicopters of the US Army, the service in Kosovo shared helicopters from the OAS. Crews of Arab helicopters got valuable experience during their stay in the Balkans
The operation on the delivery of helicopters began on April 14, 1999. For some time, Apacham had to stay on the basis of Pisa (Italy) before they reached Tirana on April 21. Finally, on April 26, all Helicopters "Apache" were in Albania. And from this day with them began trouble. During the training flight in the afternoon of April 26, one helicopter crashed into the trees and crashed. May 4, but at night, the second helicopter was lost. Both pilots died, NATO officials presented them as the first victims of the Allied Strength operation. Nevertheless, training flights continued, and on June 9, the operation was completed. This is how the widely advertised combat group "Hawk" never participated in it and did not make a single shot.
However, the next day, that is, on June 10, a dozen of the An-64a "Apache" helicopters from the composition of the B / B CAV battalion was transferred to the advanced 12th battle group A Eibe Sentri in Petrovice (Macedania) . There began preparation for the operation "Joint Protection", the purpose of which was the occupation of Kosovo after servubing. On June 12, the Helicopters "Apache" became the first among the Armed Forces of NATO, crossed the border with Kosovo. Their task was the escort of the British helicopters "Puma" and "Chinook", delivered landing parts. Apachas performed the support and the role of the "air" police throughout the transaction time in Kosovo.
Martial helicopters "Apache" were among the main "acting persons" and in other operations. For example, with their help, the activities of Albanian terrorists were stopped. In December 1999, the 12th battle group was transferred to the camp "Bondystil" in Kosovo. By this time, the helicopters from the 6/6 CAV battalion were replaced by eight cars from the squadron in C.1 / 1 AVN "WoolFPEK" and six - from the 69th Aviation Group of the UAE Air Force.
At the end of 2000, the Helicopters "Apache" took part in another peacekeeping operation, in which the helicopters of the AN-64D "Apache Longbo" were used for the first time, as well as the Machines of the Dutch Air Force. Four helicopters from a Dutch air base in Gilze-Riyen (Gilze-Rijen) arrived in the French colony in Djibouti to assist the UN forces in the termination of the armed conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia.
Operations "Decisive freedom" (Afghanistan) and Iraqi freedom (Iraq) showed that Apache helicopters, capable of destroying tanks from a safe distance, in some cases vulnerable for conventional small arms. In Afghanistan, almost 80% of the "Apaches" operating there were largely damaged by small arms, and during the Iraqi campaign helicopters suffered greatly from automatic fire during flights over the city quarters.
The "Apache" helicopters were much more active, were used by the Armed Forces of Israel, where they were called "Perepen" ("Cobra").
For the first time, they were recognized in 1996 during the operation of the "Breasting Wrath" against the militants in South Lebanon. Helicopters with accurate blows were destroyed by Hezbollah's headquarters in the southern quarters of Beirut and suppressed the lively of the enemy's lively.
In early 2000, the worst Israeli-Lebanese conflict in the present war, after which Israel was forced to leave southern Lebanon. The work for "Apache" was found again, they struck the hezbollah armed forces, which were rocket shelling of Israel's border regions and supported by the departing Israeli troops. On May 24, 2000, the last Israeli soldier left Lebanon's territory. At the end of 2006, the "Hezbollah" detachments again began missile shelling of the northern territory of Israel, which made the "Apache helicopters again began to again.
During 2001, the Helicopters "Apache" applied retaliatory strikes on the bases of Palestinian partisans on the West Bank of Jordan in the Gaza Strip. Their goals were police posts in Palestinian autonomy, as well as some urban quarters, where groups of terrorists were hidden.
In the Indian Air Force, the export versions of the Mi-25 and Mi-35 helicopter are in service. They are based in Pathankot in the North of India in the composition of the 104th, 116th and 125th squadrines
The US Department of Defense Representative promulgated a message in which the company's AH-64 Apache has been referred to a Boeing Company.
For the needs of the US Army, the Contractor Boeing must supply 35 helicopters of the latest modification in the amount of $ 591 million.
Boeing AH-64 Apache is a four-bladed shock helicopter equipped with a wheel chassis and having a crew consisting of 2 pilots.
Helicopters has an armament - 30 mm automatic gun M230 Chain Gun with 1200 shotguns, located under the main chassis, under the front of the helicopter fuselage. For the placement of weapons, 4 outer suspension nodes are installed, which are attached, as a rule, Rocket launchers AGM-114 Helifire and Hydra 70. To increase the vitality, the helicopter is equipped with additional systems for the backup duplication of the main workflows during the flight.
AH-64 Apache model came to replace the AH-1 Cobra combat helicopter. The last modification of the helicopter is made at Boeing Defence plants from 1997 to the present. Overall more than 2000 aircraft.
In the US Army, the helicopter is the main combat vehicle, and is also used by the Armed Forces of Greece, Japan, Israel, the Netherlands and Singapore. Licenses are made in the UK called Agusta Westland Apache.
The first samples of the Apache helicopter entered the army in 1981. After careful tests in the field and during the fighting, approval was approved for the mass delivery in the US Army division. In the course of transformations in the company Boeing and project improvements since 1997, Apache is produced at the company's factories.
During the modernization of the helicopter, APACHE modifications were produced: AH-64A, AH-64A + / D, AH-64E, WAH-64D.
AH-64 Apache has four blades of the main rotor and four blades of the tail rotor. The crew in the salon of the helicopter is located tandem: the header sits at the front, and behind the elevation of the pilot. Helicopters installed a power plant consisting of two engines of the turbo-type GE T700, power (depending on the modification) of 1696 - 2100 hp One of the features of the Apache helicopter was to use an integrated helmet with the display of the aiming systems (IHADSS). The helmet allowed the pilot to control the guidance of an automatic gun with the conduct of aiming shooting across the enemy.
AH-64 is designed to perform combat tasks around the clock under adverse conditions, through the use of night vision systems.
Technical characteristics of helicopter
· Crew - 2 people;
· Weight (empty) - 5165 kg;
· Weight (equipped) - 8000 kg;
· Maximum take-off weight - 10433 kg;
· Power plant - 2 Ge T700-GE-701 turbocharged engines
· Maximum speed - 293 km / h;
· Cruising speed - 265 km / h;
· Radius of hostilities - 476 km and 295 min;
· Maximum lifting height - 6400 m (with minimal load);
· Armament: 1x3mm M230 Chain Gun with 1,200 shots,
· Rockets Hydra 70 -70 mm and CRV 70 - 70 mm, air - land, AGM-114 Hellfire.
The helicopter continues to enter the US Army and its allies, undergoes permanent modernization and re-equipment.
The second half of the XX century has become a "star hour" for the development of helicopters. Such machines were almost not used during World War II, but in the Korean war helicopters were used in the most active way. Pioneers in the use of a helicopter on the battlefield were Americans. The development of helicopter construction in the United States is associated with the name of Igor Sikorsky - a talented engineer, a native of Kiev, who left in the United States after the October Revolution.
Although it should be noted that at first these cars had a large number of opponents. The US Air Force did not want to buy helicopters at all, motivating it by low flight qualities, complexity in maintenance and possible vulnerability of air defense. Alas, the military very often suffer from cosnosis of thinking. But this relationship very quickly changed to the opposite. Helicopters perfectly showed themselves in the Korean War. They were used to adjust the fire, intelligence, evacuation of the wounded, landing of the landing and other purposes. After a few months of hostilities, American generals demanded them to give them more turntables.
Before the helicopters appeared, the fighters received by medium or severe injuries were practically doomed (died 90%). After the start of the "helicopter" era, mortality decreased to 10%. By the end of the Korean conflict, the helicopters began to install small manual machine guns. The US Army already stood several types of helicopters.
The Korean War showed that the helicopter is an excellent tool for solving tactical tasks, primarily associated with the transfer of troops and their supply. In the second half of the XX, many local conflicts, colonial wars, in which one of the parties was forced to lead the anti-Partisan struggle. And it turned out that the helicopter is the perfect means for this kind of hostilities.
The helicopter becomes more likely to become a vehicle, but also a shock machine, an ideal attack aircraft and a means of supporting ground forces. Unmanaged rockets and machine guns began to install the helicopters, and with the advent of anti-tank controlled rockets, the helicopter has become a powerful means of struggle against armored vehicles.
An important milestone in the development of combat helicopters was the Vietnamese War. A real symbol of this war was the American helicopter Bell UH-1, more known as "Hewie". This is a wonderful, reliable and unpretentious car produced still. Another helicopter, which was actively used in Vietnamese jungle, was a shock helicopter. His main task was support for troops and strikes on the enemy.
By the end of the hostilities in the US Army, special divisions were formed, in service with only helicopters. War in Vietnam gave a sharp impetus to the development of helicopter construction in the United States.
In the late 70s of the last century, the United States began to think over the creation of a new strike helicopter, he had to absorb the entire experience gained in Vietnam and replace the BELL AH-1 Cobra machines. The competition for the development of a new helicopter was attended by several largest American aircraft manufacturing companies. In 1976, the victory went to Hughes, and in 1981 a helicopter An 64 APACHE appeared, which still stands in the US Army and is considered one of the best combat helicopters in the world. Since 1984, An 64 has been produced mass.
Description of the combat helicopter An 64 APACHE
This car was originally created as a shock helicopter, to support the ground forces at any time of the day and with any weather. Also, one of the main functions of Apaches is the fight against the enemy armored vehicles, that they have repeatedly shinyly demonstrated during various conflicts.
Requirements for a new helicopter initially advanced very strict. An 64 had to fly in the rain and at night, to perform a combat task, even after hitting it a 12.7 mm caliber bullets, be able to fly "on devices" and attack in poor visibility conditions, as well as to ensure the safety of the crew during emergency landing at speed 12 , 8 m / s.
The helicopter has several modifications. The latest and most perfect of them are An 64D Apache Longbow, the first such car rose into the air in early 1991.
"Apache" is made according to a classic scheme with one steering and one carrier screw. And carriers and steering screws have four blades. The length of the blade of the carrier screw of the Helicopter "Apache" - 6 meters, the blades have a special structure: inside they are metallic, tops are covered with fiberglass, the rear edge is made of composite material, and the front is titanium. Such a structure allows the helicopter to hurt the blades of small obstacles (branches, small trees). A steering screw of a X-shaped form, which is much more effective traditional.
An EN 64 APACHE fuselage consists of aluminum alloys of special strength, the Helicopter has a small elongation wing (removable) and not retractable chassis. Cabind An 64 is designed for two crew members who sit alone over another. Cabin pilots is protected by serious armor. The design of the helicopter can withstand large overload. "Apache" has two engines that are separated from the sides of the machine. Each of the engines has a special device, it dispels the exhaust jet and reduces the visibility of the helicopter in the infrared range.
A double hydraulic system is used in the combat helicopter, fuel tanks are protected, the most important nodes of the machine are covered with armor.
A lot of different radio-electronic equipment has been installed on the en 64, it can be said about the latest modification - An 64D Apache Longbow. The basis of the entire weapon of An 64 is TADS - a system of targeting and detection. It consists of several elements.
- Night vision system with multiple increases;
- Optical system;
- A television system that works during the daytime;
- In addition, at the helicopters "Apache" for the first time an essential system of target designation was applied, which allows shooting, making a heading head. Electronic control systems allow the pilot to pilot the helicopter as convenient as possible and fight. Especially well thought out the management of "Apache" for flights on ultra-low altitudes, with the envelope of the elements of the landscape. This significantly increases the chance to survive for the machine and its crew.
Apacha has four pendant points on wings and unmanaged or managed rockets can be placed on them. You can attach up to 700 kg for each suspension. The helicopter can be installed 16 Helfire Rockets. Between the chassis racks installed Hughes H230A-1 "CHAINGUN", having a 30 mm caliber.
Below are the technical characteristics of all modifications of the combat helicopter An-64 APACHE.
Technical characteristics of TTX helicopter AH-64 "Apache"
| Model | AH-64A. | AH-64S. | AH-64D Longbow |
| Specifications | |||
| Crew | 2 | ||
| Length, M. | 17,76 | ||
| Diameter of the carrier screw, m | 14,63 | ||
| Steering screw diameter, m | 2,79 | ||
| Mass normal takeoff, kg | 6 650 | 6 552 | 7 530 |
| Male maximum takeoff, kg | 8 000 | 9 525 | 10 432 |
| Engine | T700-GE-701 | T700-GE-701C | |
| Power, hp | 2 × 1 695 (1 270) | 2 × 1 890 (1 409) | |
| Fewer characteristics | |||
| Maximum allowable speed, km / h | 365 | ||
| Maximum speed, km / h | 300 | 293 | 265 |
| Practical range, km | 690 | 482 | 407 |
| Practical ceiling, m | 6 100 | 6 400 | 5 915 |
| Maximum speedwall, m / s | 12,27 | ||
| Vertical sideline, m / s | 12,7 | 7,5 | |
| Maximum operational overload | + 3.5 / -1,0 g | + 3.5 / --0.5 g | |
| Armament | |||
| Automatic gun | 30 mm (625 SET / min) | ||
| MotoPlet. | up to 1,200 pathers. | ||
| Controlled rockets | 4 × 4. | ||
| Na | 4 × 19 × 70 mm Nydra | ||
Modifications AH-64 "Apache"
There are several modifications of this helicopter.
- AH-64A Apache - This is the very first serial modification, can be said, the basic model of the machine.
- An-64S. - This is a modernized basic helicopter. Modernization began in 1992, in 1993 this program was closed. There is no RLS Longbo.
- AH-64D "APACHE LONGBOW" - The most perfect modification of the helicopter. It is easy to recognize visually: over the plane of rotation of the carrier screw is installed a melbine-shaped RLS Longbo range antenna. Also, the helicopter is equipped with a more powerful engine T700-GE-701 S. On the Helicopter installed the "Hellfire" missiles ("shot and forgotten").
- AH-64 SEA GOING Apache - Modification of the helicopter for the Navy and the marines, with anti-religious missiles.
- WAH-64D. - Modification for the United Kingdom Army, was produced under license. It has installed engines manufactured by Rolls Royce.
Aparat's combat helicopter participated in many conflicts and has always shown himself from the best side. This machine is rightfully considered one of the most advanced second-generation combat helicopters. His debut took place in 1989, in Panama. Then there was a war in Iraq, Yugoslavia, the second invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan.
Currently, this helicopter is in service with more than fifteen countries. Negotiations are underway to sell the car to several more customers. Most likely, the Verified AH-64D will remain the main shock helicopter of the US Army in the next ten years.
Video about helicopter apache
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* According to foreign print materials.
Tactical and technical characteristics *
Maximum flight speed, km / h 300
Uncroligible (calculated) speed when diving helicopter, km / h 365
Cruising speed, km / h 295
Pressure in the vertical set of height, m \u200b\u200b/ s 12
Maximum. The definition of a flight with a fuel reserve in the inner tanks, km 435
Distant range with fuel reserve in suspended tanks, km 2000
Static heating ceiling without taking into account the effect of the Earth, M 3400
Dynamic ceiling, m 6100
Geometrical parameters, m:
length with rotating screws 17 76
maximum height 4 65
fuselage width -] "2
wing 5 23
the diameter of the carrier screw 14 63
2,79 steering screw diameter
Coefficient of filling the carrier screw 0.092
Normal (calculated) Preliminary weight, kg 6670
Maximum take-off weight, kg 9400
Empty helicopter mass, kg 4810
Fuel mass in internal tanks, kg 1160
Fuel mass in four suspended fuel tanks, kg 2525
Flight characteristics are given at the calculated weight of the helicopter.
In the Ground Forces of the United States, An-64a began to flow in 1984, the helicopter is intended for the destruction of armored goals, including mobile, alive enemy strength, as well as for applying massive blows on areas. It can be used to accompany the transshipment helicopters, motor suitable and tank columns. In foreign funds, it is argued that this is the world's first car, design, weapons and onboard equipment of which allow the crew (pilot and pilot operator) in collaboration with terrestrial troops to carry out combat missions in complex meteo conditions at any time of the day.
"Apache" is made according to the simultaneous diagram with a trilateral uniform chassis, carrier and steering screws. The fuselage of the type "hemonococcus" has a relatively small cross section, which reduces the effective area of \u200b\u200bscattering. It is made of aluminum alloys using elevated strength and viscosity materials. Its reliability is ensured by using power elements of the frame of increased dimensions. On the wing there are flaps. Depending on the flight speed, they deflect down at an angle of up to 20 °, and when landing in the auto shooting mode - up 45 °.
In the design of the cabin, a solid power frame is used (like racing cars). In the front of it, there is a workplace of the pilot operator, and in the rear - pilot. His seat is raised by 0.5 m for a better review. To protect the crew from below and from the side of the cabin, armor from Kevlar is attached. In addition, at the level of the shoulders of pilots, special shields are put forward. In order to reduce the film formation in the cockpit installed flat glasses.
The helicopter uses carrying screw with a fully unloaded shaft and elastic fastening of four blades.
In the plan, they have a rectangular shape, at the ends - sweatshop, and in cross section - a new profile of NN-02, which has a high lift coefficient and a smaller wind-resistance coefficient. Vintage blades, with a geometric angle of spinning 9 °. Their spar made of stainless steel consists of five sections. To reduce erosion to the sock of each blade alcohol with a metal plate. The tail part is made of composite materials. As an elastic element, a package of high-strength plates is used, which perceive the load from the centrifugal forces and provide the blades of a smooth flashing and axial movement. Four blades are attached to the steering screw buster with torsion. They are located relative to each other at angles of 55 ° and 125 °, which significantly reduces the noise level. The same contributes relatively small (193 m / s) speed of their rotation.
The machine used a trilateral uniform chassis with a tail wheel. This design provides a fit with a vertical speed of up to 3 m / s, and in emergency mode - at a speed of up to 13 m / s. In addition, landing and taking can be performed from the platform that has a slope in the longitudinal direction up to 12 °, in the transverse one - up to 15 °. On the main lever racks installed wheels with hydraulic brakes. To reduce the overall height of the helicopter, which is important when transporting it by air, the racks are equipped with a mechanism providing their deviation back.
Workplace pilot and pilot operator.
Marine version of the helicopter An-64a "Apache": 1.2 - the cabin of the delector and pilot pilot; 3 - high-speed radar; 4 - carrier screw; 5 - steering screw; 6 - stabilizer; 7 - engine; 8 - Tour with weapons; 9 - single-barreled 30-mm gun; 10 - aiming navigation complex.
In the main and auxiliary independent hydraulic systems of the AN-64A, the working pressure of the fluid is 21010 5 PA. Their hydraulic pumps are activated from the transmission. Systems are used to control the helicopter screws, and the auxiliary, in addition, the brake of the carrier, with a complex of weapons, additional power installation and flaps. Drive drive control drive dubbed: hydromechanical (main) and electrodistant (backup). For steering shinte drive, a system of thrust and cables are used.
The helicopter has two engines of the company "General Electric", T 700-GE-701 with a capacity of 1247 kW (1696 hp) and weighing 198 kg each. Their specific fuel consumption on the take-off mode is 0.210 kg / hp, on emergency - 0.211 kg / hp. To eliminate the simultaneous mistake of the engines with one projectile, they were installed above the wing on the fuselage sides in special motogondals. Ring air intake engines are equipped with an anti-icing system and a centrifugal dust protection device. To reduce the heat radiation of the exhaust gases from 540 ° C ^ up to 150 ° C in the exhaust collectors of the power plants, their forced mixing with the outdoor air flow occurs. In the system of nutrition, two proceeded fuel tanks with a capacity of 1420 liters each are applied. One of them is located behind the pilot seat, the second - behind the main gearbox. Another four tanks with a capacity of 870 liters are suspended under the wing.
The transmission of the helicopter consists of gearboxes (main, intermediate and steering screw), angular gearboxes of engines, connecting shafts and couplings. The main gearbox has two autonomous lubricant systems. Due to the use of special wicks in it, it is capable of working in the absence of oil for 1 hour. In the intermediate gearbox and gearbox of the steering screw, a grease is applied.
The set of weapons consists of 16 Peters "Hellfire" with a laser guidance system. Rockets (their starting mass of 43 kg, the start range up to 6 km) are located under the wing in four pylons, which can rotate up to 5 °, down - by 28 °. For their guidance, the onboard TADS system is used, the launch is carried out by the pilot operator. In another embodiment, four launchers are installed on the helicopter with 76 unmanaged aviation missiles (NUR) 70-mm caliber. Depending on the type of combat part, the launching mass of Nur is 8-10 kg, firing range is 4-6 km. Start of missiles by single or volley (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 76) produce both crew members. At the same time, the pilot uses a bridal sight, and the pilot operator is the TADS system. At the ends of the wing consoles can also be suspended by the same "Satvander" class "Air-air".
All helicopters have a single-tissue 30-mm gun M230A-1 "Chain Gan" (ammunition up to 1200 shells). It is attached to the turret installed under the fuselage between the main chassis racks. The shooting of the cannon can lead the pilot operator using the on-board system TADS, or the pilot using a teaching sight. Its paced 800 SECURITY / MIN, the shelling zone horizontally 110 °, vertically from 10 ° to -60 °.
The system for reducing the temperature of the exhaust gases.
Victitory navigation complex: 1 - TADS identification system; 2 - Night vision system PNVS.
The aiming navigation complex includes identification and night vision systems TADS / PNVS, as well as aiming jhadss. TADS / PNVS equipment is mounted in the nose of the helicopter (TADS - in a barrel-shaped detergent, PNVS - on a separate turret over TADS). It combines five subsystems that allow in complex meteo conditions at any time of the day to detect (PNVS) and identify (TADS) targets with high accuracy. At the same time, the distance to the target is determined at the same time, its coordinates and one (or several) of the Ptthi is automatically guided. The subsystems transmit signals to display on television indicators of the pilot and the pilot operator and their windshields. The operator can orient the TADS subsystem in azimuth in the range of 120 °, at an angle of space from 30 ° to -60 °, and the PNVS subsystem is within 90 ° and from 20 ° to -45 °, respectively.
The Jhadss system includes the tip of the pilot and pilot operator and the information display device. With it, it is remote control of the TADS / PNVS system during aiming.
The helicopter has a onboard RRS AN / ANS-128, by means of which the position of the helicopter position is determined, its track speed, the density of the demolition and other parameters. An-64a "Apache" is equipped with two radio stations, radio compasses, a radar respondent system of identification, a radio-one-sided meter of small heights, laser radiation detection tools and radio electronic suppressions, a receiver of radar radar irradiation, the automata of the emission of dipole reflectors. To reduce the complexity of maintenance and quick troubleshooting, an onboard alarm system is applied.
Currently, work on the creation on the basis of the AN-64A new helicopter An-64B (its supply to the troops is planned to be implemented in 1994). At the same time, the focus is on the increase in combat efficiency, reliability, survival, the improvement of the tactical and technical and operational characteristics of the machine. One of the important tasks is considered to ensure reliable lesion of aircraft, helicopters and winged missiles. For this, the helicopter is equipped with controlled missiles "Satvander" AJM-9 and 30-mm cannon with more efficient aircraft shooting. Increase the survival of the helicopter and expand its possibilities in the fight against terrestrial objectives, it is assumed by the use of the PTUR, "Hellerfire" with thermal imaging and combined (passive-radar and infrared) heads of homing, as well as controlled missiles "Sadarm" FGM-122 with a radar head of homing. Radio electronic and instrument onboard equipment are also performed.
Work is underway to create a helicopter for the fleet and marine casing. In the seabed, the car will be able to search and destroy the enemy ships, as well as cover the troops when landing it. To do this, it is supposed to install the search and identification of goals. The set of weapons are planning to include anti-ship rockets "Garpun" and "Penguin". A helicopter for the marine infantry housing will be in service with the Ptti "Toy", unmanaged rockets of 127-mm caliber, missiles "Satvander" AJM-9, Stinger, "Sadarm" and an automatic rapid gun.
Colonel I. Serdyuk
The Indian Military According to the results of the technical tests carried out decided to purchase the American APACH APACH helicopters for the development of "Boeing", and not the Russian impact helicopters Mi-28N "Night Hunter".
Information about this to Russian agencies was confirmed in the Indian Ministry of Defense and the Commission for Procurement of Armaments. According to unnamed sources, the reasons for the choice of the Indian side are not a political nature. "" The reasons for the refusal of the Mi-28 helicopter were technical nature. According to our specialists, Mi -28n does not meet the requirements of the tender at 20 points, unlike the Helicopter "Apache", which showed the best characteristics, "- RIA Novosti, the words of his interlocutor from the commission for the procurement of armaments. In this year, on the air show in Le Bourget, it was announced It has been signed by the contract for the supply of 80 Mi-17 helicopters in India. India's Blinds of Helicopter Procurement Proceeds also provide for a few more contests, including on the supply of multipurpose helicopters for the Navy of the country. According to experts, in the next ten years, India will adopt about 700 new helicopters.
Technical and political reasons
The reason for the loss of the Russian combat helicopter Mi-28N in the Indian tender was the whole range of factors, and the technical condition of the machine among them is not the most important, RIA Novosti said the director of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies Ruslan Puhov. According to Pukhov, three blocks played their role in this defeat. reasons.
"At the moment, there are two more helicopter tenders in India: to buy a multipurpose helicopter, Russian ka-226 participates in it, and the super heavy - here is a Russian participant - Mi-26. Both helicopters have a very serious chance of success. And the Indians simply cannot give all three victories of Russia, "he noted.
In addition, according to him, an important role in the decision of the Ministry of Defense of India was also played by the current "hobby" of American weapons. "Indians know the strengths of American military equipment well, but they don't know too much. And there are quite a few surprises," said expert. At the same time, the director of TsAST said that Mi-28N was not finalized to the ideal state. More than two more tenders for the supply of helicopter equipment are held in India: 12 heavy transport helicopters and 197 lung multipurpose. According to these tenders, contracts have been signed with total value 2.5 billion dollars. In the first competition, the Russian helicopter MI-26T2 and the American "Chinook" were finalists, and in the second - Ka-226T and Eurocopter AS550. The TENDER Mi-28N "Night Hunter" is a helicopter of fire support, which can be the basis of frontal aviation of Russia. According to plan, he must replace the Mi-24 helicopters. The Ministry of Defense of Russia has previously stated its intention to purchase 300 "night hunters" for the needs of the army.
In order to understand you need to see the specifications.
The Mi-28N Mi-28N combat helicopter ("Night Hunter") is intended for the search and destruction of tanks, armored vehicles, the living force of the enemy; destruction of protected objects and lesions of the area (lines of the trenches, defensive structures, etc.); statements of mineral outlets; search and destruction of boats and other small floats; fighting speed and low-fat enemy aircraft; The destruction of low-speed air targets day and night in ordinary and complex meteo conditions.
Mi-28N - Development of the Moscow Helicopter Plant. M.L. Mile on the basis of the Mi-28 combat helicopter (the basic helicopter is sometimes denoted by the Mi-28A).
Before issuing the technical task on Mi-28N, for several years, the plant's specialists together with the institutions of the Ministry of Defense formed the appearance of this helicopter. The helicopter was designed to work with the ground forces, therefore the specific features of these troops (work at any time of the day, in simple and complex meteo conditions, in the separation of airfields and stationary bases, compatibility of fuel and lubricants, ammunition, communications and control, simplicity of operation used Techniques) demanded appropriate qualities from Mi-28N.
Rewinding from the assembly shop of the first experienced copy was held on August 16, 1996, on November 14, 1996, the helicopter for the first time climbed into the air.
On December 24, 2008, the State Commission on the results of state tests recommended to adopt a combat helicopter Mi 28N to armared the Ministry of Defense of Russia and put it on mass production. Mi-28N will produce the Rostov Plant (Roshettol OJSC).
Mi-28N is a double (pilot and navigator operator) the classical simultane-based helicopter with a five-wing screw and a x-shaped steering screw controlled by a stabilizer, wheeled with a tailed chassis with a tail support. The wing is used for suspension of weapons and additional fuel tanks.
The helicopter is equipped with a complex of on-board radio-electronic and instrument equipment (BREO), which ensures the use of weapons and the solution of aerobatic and navigation problems in the afternoon and at night in simple and complex meteo conditions at extremely low heights with automatic robing of terrain and breakfast obstacles.
BREO also provides control over the work of the power plant and other systems; speech notification of the crew; radio communication between helicopters and ground stations; Communication between crew members and record their negotiations.
Design features provide high survivability of the helicopter. The survival rate of the crew during emergency landings with vertical speeds up to 12 m / s is provided by using a system of passive protection with energy absorbing elements of the design (chassis, chairs, fuselage elements).
Tactical and technical characteristics of the helicopter:
The crew is 2 people (if necessary, 2-3 people can be transported in the rear compartment).
Power installation - 2 TV3 117VMA motor with a capacity of 2200 horsepower each.
Run weight:
normal - 10700 kg
maximum - 12000 kg
Mass combat load - 2300 kg
Flight speed:
maximum - 305 km / h,
cruising - 270 km / h.
Static ceiling - 3600 m.
Dynamic ceiling - 5700 m.
Range of flight:
normal - 450 km
in the distillation option - 1100 km
Overall dimensions of the helicopter:
length -7.01 M.
height 3.82 M.
width 5.89 M.
The diameter of the carrier screw - 17,2m
The following weapons are used to perform the combat missions on the helicopter:
Non-removable movable cannon installation of NPPA 28N with 30 mm 20 mm gun with ammunition 250 shells.
Universal cannon containers OPC 23 250 (2 pcs.) With GSH 23l 20mm Caliber Callers and 250 shells in each container.
Anti-Tank Rocket Complex 9 A2313 "Attack-B" with controlled 9M120, 9M120F missiles, 9a 2200 (up to 16 pcs.).
Controlled rockets with a heat head of the needle (up to 8 pcs.).
Unmanaged rockets type with 8 80 mm caliber in B8B20 A blocks (up to 4 blocks).
Unmanaged rockets such as 13 caliber 122 mm in B13L1 blocks (up to 4 blocks).
Unified containers of small-sized cargo KMU 2 (up to 4 blocks).
AH-64 APACHE Helicopter
In early 1984, the first group of helicopters AH-64A Apache entered the US Army. AH-64A, according to NATO experts, is the most perfect of all combat helicopters consisting of the Alliance countries. It is designed to combat the tanks of the enemy in terms of high saturation of the battlefield by means of military air defense. The AH-64 Apache tasks assigned to it can perform in complex meteorological conditions, conditions of poor visibility, day and night. According to experts, AH-64 Apache is a helicopter of the XXI century. It has good maneuverability, high flight speed. Its design is designed for overload from -1.5 to + 3.5 engines are equipped with a special device scattering a stream and lowering the exhaust temperature, which reduces the likelihood of helicopter damage with rockets with infrared guidance head. The blades of the carrier screw have a layered design of steel and composite materials. Fundamentally new solutions are applied when attaching blades to the screw bushing. The blade retains performance when the bullets get a caliber of 12.7 mm. The chassis is notifiable, which significantly increased the payload of the helicopter. AH-64A has a X-shaped steering screw, which is much more effective than the usual. AH-64 Apache is equipped with modern radio electronic equipment. For the first time on a combat helicopter, an escaped system of target designation is established, which allows to control the rifle and missile arms with the movement of the head.
The AH-64A helicopter has the following weapons: anti-tank driven rockets "Hellfire" with a laser guidance system, an automatic gun Hughes H230A-1 "Chaingun", installed between the main chassis racks, containers with unmanaged aviation rockets. The use of two independent hydraulic systems, armored cabin and the most important systems and sections of the glider, as well as the use of special-shaped fuel tanks and design allowed developers to create a machine capable of performing a combat task and return to the base after entering the shells of shells by a 23 mm caliber. Since 1985, the United States has begun to develop a new helicopter AH-64B "Apache Bravo", which has a larger wing wing and engines of increased power. Modification includes replacing electronic equipment. The helicopter kit includes a knife for cutting high-voltage wires. AH-64A Apache has proven itself during the war in Iraq (1991). Currently, McDonnell Douglas produces a new model of the AH-64D helicopter, called Longbo Apult. AH-64D is equipped with a more modern armament management system that maintains aiming shooting from large distances. The Netherlands Air Force and the Royal UK Air Force planning to purchase 30 and 67 AH-64D helicopters respectively.
AH-64 helicopter modifications
AH-64A Apache is the first serial modification.
AH-64B Apache Bravo is an upgraded version of AH-64A, with new radar and new GTD and the ability to use Ur "Air-air" AIM-9L Sidewinder.
AH-64C Apache is an upgraded version of AH-64A to the AH-64D standard.
AH-64D Longbow Apache is an advanced version of the AH-64 Apache combat helicopter with a Longbow fire control system based on the RLS with a Westinghouse Milmetrical Wave over a sleeve sleeve, more powerful GTD GENERAL ELECTRIC T700-GE-701 (1417 kW or 1930 hp. .), improved AGM-114D Longbow Hellfire, Doppler navigation system and processor. The helicopter is equipped with a system that allows you to receive information from the JOINT-STARS US Air Force complex. The AH-64D is set to target the Target Acquisition Designation Sight (TADS - AN / ASQ-170) and Pilot Night Vision Sensor (PNVS - AN / AAQ-11). The first helicopter with the Longbow system made the first flight on March 11, 1991, the first launch of Peters Hellfire was produced in May 1995, the supply of the US Army began in 1996. Helicopters also planned to put in the UK army and the Netherlands. In the English version of the helicopter, GTD Rolls-Royce / Turbomeca RTM322 will be installed.
AH-64 Sea Apache - version of the helicopter for the Copus of Marine Corps with the F / A-18 aircraft, the APG-65 radar and the possibility of using the AGM-84 Harpoon and / or AGM-119 Penguin and UR "Air-air" AIM-120 Amraam or AIM-132 Asraam.
Armament AH-64 Apache: 1 30 mm gun M230 Chain Gun with 1200 cartridges. Battle load - 771 kg per 4 nodes of suspension: 16 (4x4) PTS AGM-114 HellFire or 4 PU M260 or LAU-61 / A C 19x70-mm Nur, 4 UR "Air-air" AIM-92 Stinger, or combinations thereof .
TTX AH-64
Year of adoption 1984
The diameter of the carrier screw 14.63 m
Tail diameter 2.79 m
The length of the helicopter with rotating screws is 17.3 m
Length 14.97 M.
Height 4.66 M.
Overtable area of \u200b\u200bthe carrier screw 168.1 sq.m
Crew 2 people
Practical ceiling 6400 m
Static ceiling 4570 m
Maximum flight range (only with the internal fuel reserve) 400 km
Maximum range of flight (with an external fuel reserve) 1900 km
Inner fuel supply 1157 kg
PTB 4 x 871
The maximum duration of the flight is 3 hours. 9 m. (With the internal fuel reserve)
Engines 2 x GENERAL ELECTRIC T700-GE-701C
Power 2 x 1825 hp (1342 kW)
Maximum speedwritten 942 m / min
Maximum vertical vertecturing 474 m / min
Speed \u200b\u200b- Maximum 365 km / h
Speed \u200b\u200b- Cruising 293 km / h
Pusher 14.6 m / s
Mass - Maximum 9520 kg
Mass - Normal 5550 kg
Mass - empty 5165 kg
Now comparing the numbers, you can see where we lost.
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