Moscow. August 17. Site - A large accident occurred in the Republic of Khakassia on Monday morning - a wall collapsed on the famous Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric station, as a result of which the car room was flooded. At 04:42 Moscow time, the MSC received a message about the destruction of the third and fourth water pipes on the hydropower plant. As a result of the accident, according to preliminary data, 10 people were killed, 11 injured. Another 72 people are considered missing, the chief engineer of the SSHG Andrei Mitrofanov said. At the fact of the accident, a criminal case was initiated under Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (violation of the rules of labor protection).
As a result of the accident from the power supply, the Sayan and Khakassian aluminum plants were disabled, the energy supply of Krasnoyarsk and Novokuznetsk to the aluminum plants, as well as the Kemerovo plant ferroalloys, was reduced. It is worth noting that such interruptions in the supply of electricity are fraught with the aluminum industry with serious consequences, since the stop of some production processes can be fatal for plants. Later, the power supply of the Khakass and Sayan aluminum plants was partially restored due to the redistribution of energy from other hydropower plants. As for the power supply of the population, it, according to the agency's interlocutor, is carried out as usual, as the load is redistributed between the power plants of the Siberian region. The valves of the second hydrogen are blocked, for additional energy supply of SSHGES aggregates, a generator from Hakasenergo LLC is directed. Water reset is organized through the Main HPP. "As of 05:15 Moscow time, the destruction in the wall is eliminated, the flooding is stopped," the Ministry of Emergency Situations says. The source also noted that the dam of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP as a result of the accident was not injured, there are no threats to flooding settlements.
Dear readers! If you are in the settlements located in close proximity to the HPP and have any information that you would like to report, you can send us news through.
In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Lower Biefe of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, a large oil stain is distributed according to Yenisei. According to Interfax in the press service of the Siberian Regional Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the oil flowed from one of the damaged hydroelectric units of the HPP. "This is transformer oil. The amount is relatively small, but the film stretched downstream by 5 kilometers. According to our estimates, there is no big threat to ecology," the press service noted.
In connection with emergency situations in the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the operational services of OJSC Interregional Distribution Network Company Siberia ("IDGC of Siberia") were transferred to high readiness mode. Personnel of operational and field brigades and operational staff at the MRCC Siberia substations are translated into high-readiness regime. If it is necessary, energy is ready to maintain social and significant objects (hospitals, kindergartens) using mobile diesel generators, the MRSC Siberia reports.
Divers of the contracting organization of the company RusHydro examine the machine room of the hydroelectric station. "The divers continue to examine the hall and the parsing of the grooves. We hope that the number of those who died as a result of the accident will not increase," the official representative of RusHydro told "Interfax" the official representative of Evgeny Friend. According to him, the collapsed hydraulic unit of the SCHGES was repairing, and it was through it that the water jumped into the engine room. As a result, the hydraulic unit turned out to be flooded with water by one third. "This is the most serious accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP for its entire history," the friend noted. At the same time, the representative of "RusHydro" stressed that the threats of destruction of the dam and the flooding of settlements are not.
Rescuers Meanwhile, trying to calm the local population - frightened incident, people begin to panic and even try to evacuate in the direction of the elevations. "We have not planned any evacuation events, because there are no dangers for nearby settlements. Now we are trying to calm the population and prevent panic," he said.
reference
Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex is unique in its kind and even entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most reliable hydraulic structure of this type. The hydroelectric station is located on the Yenisei River in the south-east of the Republic of Khakassia in the Sayan Canyon at the River's exit to the Minusinsk Basin. As noted on the official website of the HPP, the complex includes the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP and the counter-regulating Main hydroeezel located below the flow.
The hydroelectric power station has become the top in the cascade of the Yenisei hydroelectric power plants and one of the largest in the world - its installed capacity is 6.4 million kW with average annual production - 22.8 billion kW of electricity. The pressure front of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP forms a unique concrete arched-gravitational dam with a height of 245 m, a length of the ridge of 1074.4 m, with a width of 105.7 m and on the ridge - 25 meters. In the plane of the dam in the upper 80-meter part of the circular arch, having a radius of 600 m and the central angle of 102 °, and in the lower part of the dam is a three-center arches, and the central region with an angle of coverage of 37 ° is formed by arches similar to top.
The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP has a capacity of 10 MW each in 10 hydraulic units. The waterproof dam has 11 water-absorbing holes, the thresholds of the water receivers of which are 61 m from the NPU. The area of \u200b\u200bthe waterboa of the basin of the river, providing the influx of the GES, is 179900 square meters. km. Middle-year stock in the target - 46.7 cubic meters. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir is 621 square meters. km, full capacity of the reservoir - 31.3 cubic meters. km, including useful - 15.3 cubic meters. km. The estimated maximum reset flow through the hydraulus in the provision of inflow of 0.01% is 13,300 cubic meters. m / second.
As for the Main Hydrogen. It is located downstream by Yenisei at 21.5 km from Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Its main task is to counterperriver its lower beef, which allows you to highly smooth out the level fluctuations in the river when Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP leads deep loading of the load in the power system. The Main hydraulic hospital includes the right-bank, channel and left-bank ground dams, the building of the hydropower plant with three hydraulic units with turn-standing turbines and a concrete water-supply dam with five spans 25 m each. The installed capacity of the Mainic HPP is 321 thousand kW, the annual electricity generation is 1.7 billion kWh.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir mirror at NPU is 11.5 km2, the total volume of the reservoir is 115 million m3, useful volume - 48.7 million m3.
The starting point for the creation of Sayano-Shushenskoye hydroenergy complex is considered on November 4, 1961. On this day, the first detachment of the surveyors of the Lengidroproek Institute led by the most experienced sisterpen P.V. Erashov arrived at the Ministerial Maine village. Already in July 1962, the expert commission, headed by Academician A.A. Belyakov, was able to select the final version for the creation of the HPP - Karlovsky target. 20 km below the construction of the Mainic HPP was scheduled.
The project unique arous-gravitational Dam SS HPP was developed by the Leningrad branch of the Hydroproject Institute. The creation of a dam of this type in the conditions of a wide branch of the Yenisei and the harsh climate of Siberia did not have analogues in the world. The project task was developed under the guidance of the chief engineer of the G.A. project Pretro in the department of the Sayan hydroelectric station, and, after his statement in 1965, Ya.B is prescribed by the head and hypon Margolin. The development of the Technical Project, which began during it, was continued by L.K. Domansky (1968-72) and A.I. Efimenko (1972-91).
The launch of the first hydraulic unit occurred on December 18, 1978, the last to the tenth - December 25, 1985. Specialists of domestic hydraulic construction recognized that the high-altitude arous and gravitational Dam SS HPP with its appearance ahead of the evolutionary process of the development of settlement models of such structures.
On the morning of August 17, 2009, a hydraulic unit collapsed in the engine room. Everyone who was there was died. Thanks to the competent actions of the station workers, an even more serious tragedy was prevented. The dam could break through. As a result, the territories below the territories and the cities threatened flooding. Victims would have been calculated by thousands.
All the consequences of the accident were eliminated, and the HPP itself actually became a new station, and one of the most productive in the country.
8:30, Monday morning, August 17, 2009. The hydraulic unit number two, all of them ten, breaks off the stiletts of the fasteners - powerful bolts.
"He heard the sound of a broken metal, turned around and saw how the cross the generator crossed the generator rises, the dark one," the SSHGES employee Sergei Ignatov recalls.
From the epicenter of the accident, Sergey Ignatov was in some 50 meters away, barely managed to shout to women cleaners: "Bat!", How the first wave went.
The design weighing in almost two thousand tons literally throws out of the nest. Water floods the machine room, the generators are burning one by one, and the turbines go to the spread, scattering around the iron and forming a funnel, sucking everything. Automation does not work. The station is completely de-energized. There are almost no connection.
"Of course, it was necessary to figure out pretty quickly. Secondly, do everything that is necessary in order to immediately, in the first hours, I would like, of course, minutes, stop the flow of water, "says Sergey Shoigu.
In order to do this, surviving HPP employees on stairs in the pitch darkness rise to the top of the dam and there on the crest manually omit the emergency shutters, one by one overlap ten water pipes, through each of which the train could pass through each of whom.
"After we dropped the shutters, the fog began to be dispersed, and we began to see the fused car room, torn ITC. I myself asked myself a question, I sleep or this reality, I sleep or reality, "recalls the Employee of the SCHGES Nikolai Tretyakov.
In the very first hours, immediately from several regions of Russia begins to arrive. More than 2.5 thousand rescuers were thrown on the parsing of the dawns and search for people. In the flooded places of the station presumably dozens of people. Relatives of those who have not come down from the station, on duty around the clock in the Palace of Culture of the village of Hydropower, waiting for at least some Westa.
"Two days it was the worst tension, to come to relatives to say that we have not yet found," Victor Zimin recalls the Governor of Khakassia.
Only for the fourth day, it is possible to pump a caustic mixture of water and machine oil. The number of missing is reduced, and the death toll is growing. There are and saved.
Here, Vladimir Putin provides instructions to HPP - do not leave anyone in trouble.
"Iron to restore, people do not return, it is the biggest trouble ... Now the main thing is to help people ... payments to children under the eighteen years," the president ordered.
Help the delicious destruction - hardly from the first days after the accident. First, support psychologists, then payment of cash compensation. In addition to a million rubles from the owner of the HPP - the company RusHydro, as much each family received from the budget of Khakassia.
"Then we made up, the first experience was, a social passport, for each family. Children, illness, relatives, all, all about the family. And what types of help we can provide them. We gave apartments to all children at that time. Reastersed education, "says Viktor Zimin.
Someone required assistance in repaying loans, someone needed housing, someone in employment. Julia Jolob, nine years ago, who lost her husband in the accident, returned to the station again, where he now heads the local museum.
"We are paid scholarships, children who learn. We were employed, we all work, that is, all that promised, everything is done. Now everything is done in order for this to never happen, I'm not scary, "says Julia Jolob.
As soon as the rescue operation ended, the restoration of the station began, because the failure of such an energy giant was hardly stopped by Siberian metallurgy.
"Of course, it was very lucky here or helped, more precisely, it was not lucky that in Soviet times a single power system was created, which blocked in many ways each other, and at the expense of such switches and connections Nazarovskaya GRES, Berezovskaya GRES, others, Krasnoyarsk HPP, of course, managed to align the flow of electricity to such large complexes as the Sayan Aluminum Plant, Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, "explained Sergey Shoigu.
An order for the manufacture of new hydraulic units received a Russian manufacturer of power machines. While the engineers began to work, it was decided to repair on the spot what the least damaged. Excess water had to be launched through unpredictable for work in the cold season, idle water bosses. And the entire first winter, the staff of the HPP manually cut off the lumps of ice alone on the dam. In order for the station to regulate the spring flood, the coastal water supply was completed in a short time.
"Once I want to return to the words of gratitude to all those who participated in this great job, and pay tribute to both those who worked for the HPP, their courage," said Sergey Shoigu.
Even the delivery of new turbines resembled a special operation. Giant wheels were taken from St. Petersburg along the Northern Sea Route, overcoming two more dams. Restoration of the HPP ended only by the fall of 2014, when all ten hydraulic units were replaced.
Now the machine hall of the station looks almost the same as before the accident. But there are still changes. During the restoration, for example, closed stairs appeared, for which employees can rise to unpoplecerted marks. Nine years ago, when an accident occurred, everyone who was here had to run at the very end of the Masha.
However, much more invisible changes. The entire security system is completely revised. HPP automation is submitted to the level where the water can not be. Emergency stopping of turbines and reset the shutters can now be carried out by one hand movement.
After the tragedy, as the locals tell, there was no attention to the village of hydropower. Schools reconstructed, sports and wellness complex opened, roads were repaired. To admire the famous Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, who received the second birth, tourists from all over the country arrive again.
On August 17, 2009 at 8:13 pm workers who were in the engine room of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the largest hydroelectric power station of Russia, heard loud cotton, and then watched what was difficult to believe. The multi-torque turbine literally flew on a waters post, the root of the building overlap. Over the next few minutes, most of the interior stations were rapidly flooded. Who (or what) is to blame for the death of 75 people - equipment defects or personnel negligence? We will tell you how the catastrophe of such scops could happen with the pride of Soviet, and then the Russian energy industry.
In 1920, speaking at the Moscow Gubernskoy Party Conference, V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) uttered his sacramental thesis "Communism is the Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country." With the Soviet government by that year everything was already more or less in order, but with electricity there were big problems. They exacerbated even stronger with the beginning of industrialization: the growing explosive pace of heavy industry desperately needed cheap electricity, and this required to conquer the river.
Although the first of major stations - Dneproges - appeared before the Great Patriotic War, truly, in the country's inherent in the country, the construction of the HPP has turned after its end. In a relatively short time on the service, the main rivers of the European part of the country - Dnipro, Volga, Kama, Don. But the main potential lay, of course, behind the Urals, where the hangar, Zeya, Burea, and, of course, the great Yenisei were waiting for his turn.
Yenisei is an ideal river for the construction of hydroelectric power plants. With 3,500 kilometers of its length, it repeatedly crosses various mountain ridges, where it is extremely convenient to build hydroelectric power plants with whole cascades. Particularly suitable conditions for this were in the so-called Sayan corridor - a narrow gorge in the ridges of Western Sayan. Plans for its use for the benefit of the national economy began to be developed in the second half of the 1950s, and the first hydro-building engineers landed on the bank of the Yenisei in 1961. A year later, experts chose a specific place - Karlovsky target of the Sayan corridor, where neither the largest HPP of the Soviet Union and one of the largest hydroelectric power plants of the world should appear in the future.
Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP really appeared, but to understand the scale of the object and the complexity of its structure it is necessary to add: construction (from the beginning of the preparatory work before admission to permanent operation) took 37 years! 37 years of practically continuous struggle with the harsh Siberian nature, climate, river, bureaucracy, interruptions with financing and ever-emerging emergencies. However, none of them could not even be compared with what happened in August 2009.
Yenisei was overloaded with an arous-gravitational dam, which did not have analogues in the Soviet Union. In the plan, it was a breathtaking sizes of a curved concrete trapation with a width of the base of more than 100 meters, and the crest is 25 meters. The height of the dam was 242 meters, and the ridge length is more than a kilometer. Thousands of builders, engineers, geologists, power engineers did colossal work to tame the Great Siberian River. The jumper created by them, on which more than 9 million cubic meters of concrete took place, with a high level of water withstands 18 million tons of water from the created reservoir.
Such a fantastic load of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is able to withstand due to its design. The resistance of the dam (that is why its type is called an arousal-gravitational) is achieved by a combination of two factors: its monstrous weight and arched geometry that distributes the load on the bearing walls. The rocky shores of the Sayan corridor are as the latter. It is the presence of suitable natural conditions that provided the possibility of building such a powerful hydropower plant in this place.
How does the HPP function? Water falls into the waterways located in the dam, and through them enters the blades of hydro turbines, which leads to the generators that produce electricity. On the Sayano-Shushenskaya station 10 of the water pipes and, respectively, 10 hydraulic units with a capacity of 640 MW each. Thus, the total installed capacity of this hydropower plant is 6400 MW, and there was no equal to it on the territory of the former Soviet Union.
Nevertheless, it was precisely on this energy giant, the great construction of communism, for several decades, the drumstanding efforts of literally throughout the country became possible, moreover, a tragedy turned out to be one of the largest in the hydropower of the whole world.
The chain of events that led to the catastrophe of this summer during the day of 2009, took seconds.
"... I stood at the top, heard some increasing noise, then I saw how rises, the corrugated coating of the hydraulic unit would be dirty. Then he saw the rotor rises from under it. He rotated. The eyes did not believe in it. He rose a meter for three. Stones flew, pieces of fittings, we started to ride them ... The rifle was somewhere under the roof, and the roof itself was spread ... " - told one of the eyewitnesses of the accident in an interview with "Kommersant".
Emotions of the station employee can be understood. It is difficult to imagine, as directly in front of you, a massive, the multiple unit pulls out of the machine hall from the mine and, like a match, raises the water pillar into the air.
On the territory of the HPP building, where all 10 hydraulic units were located, 116 people were located, of which 52 were at the floor level of the machine room, 63 - in the interior at the lower levels (another 1 person worked on the roof). Most of them carried out repair not functioning at the time of the disaster of the hydraulic unit No. 6. At 8:13, it happened, saying the dry words of the technical report, the "sudden destruction of the hydraulic unit No. 2". Its fragments and parts of the mechanism were destroyed by walls and overlap of the machine room. What did not make this shrapnel, completed the revealed Yenisei.
Dozens, hundreds of cubic meters of water, who have arrived in the car hall every second, rapidly flooded the remaining hydraulic units and, most importantly, the inner rooms of the machine room. At the people who were there almost no chance to escape. At the same time, short circuits occurred on still working, but flooded hydraulic units. They stopped working, which led to de-energizing the entire station. In turn, the automatic systems that had to block the access of water to hydraulic units in the event of an emergency situation, worked only on one of them. On the rest of the turbines, the water continued to flow through the waterways, which ultimately led to damage to the destruction of others.
To stop the flow of water into a dilapidated machine room in the absence of electricity, the staff of the HPP were forced to manually reset the shutters of the dam water reservoirs. It turned out to be done only at 9:20, after an hour, after the development of the catastrophic situation.
Immediately after that, a new threat arose, because Yenisei turned out to be completely blocked. Fortunately, the reservoir overflows with an unpleasant prospect of overflowing water through the crest of the dam and even its possible destruction, which could lead to an incredible cataclysm at all, managed to avoid. At 11:32, using a special diesel generator, it was possible to give a current on a gantry crane and open the gateway of a special water supply. The initial threats could eliminate. Now the staff of the station faced the task of finding out the causes of the accident, and the rescuers were looking for survivors.
Unfortunately, due to the almost instantaneous development of the catastrophe of the chance of HPP employees who were in the inner premises of the machine room, there was practically no. Ministry of Emergency Situations managed to detect only two people who were in air bags. In total, 75 people died as a result of the tragedy, another 13 were injured varying severity.
What is the reason that it seemed to not have happened at the facility of such a scale and such strategic importance never? Used at the stations of the turbine of the hydraulic units had a big drawback. The two zones of their allowed operation (the zone is called a certain combination of the power of the turbine and water pressure) were divided by a zone that is not recommended for operation. In this mode, increased noise and vibrations occurred in the turbine. The problem was that, each time, switching between the zones of permitted exploitation, while increasing or lowering its capacity, the hydraulic units of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric station forced (albeit for a short time) turned out to be in an uncommitted zone, exposed to additional vibrations.
In the hydraulic unit No. 2, these vibrations, due to which in metal studs that kept the turbine cover were accumulated by fatigue deformations, exceeded a certain critical threshold in the morning of August 17. At 8:13, with the next decrease in the power of the unit (and, accordingly, with the next increase in vibration), a significant amount of studs simply suddenly collapsed. The remaining attachment nodes could no longer resist the water. The turbine cover was reduced, the turbine pressure was thrown into the car hall, after which there were dozens of and dozens of water cubic meters through the mine in the HPP building. Flood occurred rapidly.
Such is the immediate cause of the catastrophe, voiced in the official report of the investigating an accident of the Technical Commission. There were also defined concrete perpetrators of the tragedy. Networks on the imperfection of the structure of the hydraulic units did not end. Experts drew attention to the blatant, from their point of view, the negligence of the leadership of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP and the station personnel, actually ignored the fact of increased vibrations in the hydraulic unit No. 2 and did not control the accumulation of fatigue changes in the attachment nodes of the cover of its turbine. Seven people from the leadership of the station and the monitoring service of its equipment were accused of the events of the events of August 17. At the end of 2014, four of them are the former director of the HPP, the chief engineer and his two deputies - received real prison terms.
All of them did not recognize their faults in what happened. For example, the convicted director of the station believes that the cause of the catastrophe has become in the production of turbine. This could be regarded as a natural attempt to escape from responsibility in his situation, shifting it on the conscience of others, but many independent experts indicated in the report of the Technical Commission, including many independent experts, including with extensive experience in hydropower.
These experts note that no vibrations in the hydraulic unit No. 2, which exceed the values \u200b\u200ballowed by the regulations of its operation, was not actually. They were fixed only by one sensor from many, besides faulty. In the same way, no regulatory document for some reason did not require compulsory impactoscopy of turbine covers. The staff simply could not know that they had critical fatigue changes.
It sounds incredible, but the vibrocontrol systems on the covers of the hydraulic units in the machine room were installed only after this catastrophe. To the tragic death of 75 people, it turns out, it has not been interested, as the operation of the mechanism is affected by the weight of a one and a half thousand tons on this very lid. Only after the year of August 2009, it turned out that all the automation controlling the work of a colossal power plant could be destroyed for a few seconds - simply flooded with water that caused short circuits. There was no backup power supply in principle, and reset the gates that ultimately overlap the access of water into the waterways, and from there - in the machine room of the HPP, I had to manually.
This took the whole hour. An hour for Yenisei continued to fill the station building, to buy its premises, to kill people only because when designing the HPP, a reliable reservation of its power supply was provided. After all, so many people died at all due to the fact that the hydraulic unit No. 2 was thrown out of its mine, but because it was not possible to quickly stop the access of water into the machine room.
The chief engineer of the Lengidroproekt's Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, Boris Yurkevich, speaking at the All-Russian Hydropower Meeting a few months after the catastrophe, said: "The peculiarity of this accident, which very much psychologically pressed on all of us, is that it occurred in regular conditions. It happened when everything worked properly, the repair regulations were carried out, operating requirements were performed. Nobody violated anything, the station fully complied with all standards and requirements, the operational staff performed all prescribed regulations. Literally per second, all protection systems were destroyed. I was driving nor the pits, nothing. Then time - and collapsed. So it happened here. "
Now all the narrow places that have made a possible "in normal mode" tragedy, of course, are eliminated, including the remaining Russian hydroelectric power plants. The vibration of the turbine is strongly controlled, the studs of their covers pass regular flaw detection, the power supply of hydropower plants is repeatedly reserved. Now the "car" just can not fall apart. It is terrible only that for this I had to give 75 human lives.
Early in the morning of August 17, the largest hydroelectric power station in Russia - Sayano-Shushenskaya - an accident occurred, as a result of which eight people died at least 50 people and more than 50 were missing. The local population, the scales of bitter experience of the previous man-made disasters, began to leave their homes in a panic. Local authorities are trying to reassure people, stating that there are no threats to flooding cities.
The accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP occurred about eight in the morning local time (about 4:00 in Moscow). Initially, it was known about the nature of the accident, it was known only - only about some damage to the third and fourth hydropower plants, which led to the destruction of the wall and flooding of the machine room was reported. For non-specialists - most of them are journalists - these words did not spoke practically nothing, as well as the fact that PE occurred during the repair of one of the hydraulic units.
However, the fact that as a result of this incident there are victims, clearly said one thing - the case is not ordinary. The number of dead has changed all the time and is still not fixed. In addition to the officially announced victims of the victims of the victims, the HPP reported on eight (according to other data - seven) affected and more than fifty (in the presentation of the RF CCC - 54, according to the regional Ministry of Emergency Situations - 68) of the missing.
In many ways there are data and the accident itself. Investigative Committee at the Prosecutor's Office, who aroused the criminal case under the article "Violation of the Rules of Labor Protection", believes that an explosion occurred at the station. According to ITAR-TASS, the official representative of SCP Vladimir Markin said, the engine room was the repair of one of the aggregates, during which the oil transformer exploded. The explosion struck the wall of the hall and wrapped his ceiling. Following this, the premises began to fill with water, which perhaps and was the cause of the death of people.
In turn, the company "RusHydro", which exploits HPP, claims that there was no explosion, and the accident occurred as a result of "the strongest shock (presumably hydrowood), the reason for which it turns out." According to the company, after this jolk, the second hydraulic unit of the hydropower station was completely destroyed and the machine room was partially destroyed. In addition, severe damage received the seventh and ninth hydraulic units.
Here is an explanation. In total, 10 hydraulic units are located in the machine hall of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, which convert the water energy into electricity. Thus, the room destroyed as a result of the accident is one of the key throughout the HPP.
Approximately an hour after the emergency, the station specialists and rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations closed the emergency shutters of all hydraulic units, after which the water access ceased. In "RusHydro" noted that dam destruction, hydraulic structures and waterways were not detected.
Nevertheless, the accident seriously affected the work of many enterprises receiving electricity from HPP. In particular, according to RIA Novosti, the Sayan and Khakassky aluminum plants were turned off, the load on the Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant was reduced, the Kuznetsk plant ferroalloys and the Novokuznetsky aluminum plant. Six plants were stopped in Altai. A number of Kuzbass coal mines collided with the restriction of electricity. In addition, the fan power outages began Tomsk energy, and this has affected both enterprises and residential buildings. The power supply of Khakassia, the Altai Territory and the Kemerovo region was also decided to limit.
At the same time, energy, and rescuers assure that Siberia residents are not threatened. However, the President of Dmitry Medvedev, and the Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin were reported on the current situation. They instructed the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation Sergey Shoigu to fly to Abakan and personally control the work on the elimination of the accident. In addition, the same plan was given to the head of the Ministry of Energy Sergey Shmatko. Vice-Prime Minister Igor Sechin is instructed to form a commission on the early restoration of the work of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.
The operational headquarters created soon after the incident, which was headed by the Acting Chairman of the Board of JSC RusHydro Vasily Zubakin, was already working at the accident site. In addition, according to RIA Novosti, all the leadership of the station-trainee organization - St. Petersburg "Lenhydroproekt" flew to the HPP.
Soon after the accident, Sergei Shoigu conducted a briefing, which once again stated that for residents of settlements located in the HPP area, there is no threat, as the dam is not damaged. He warned that in situations like this, there will always be people who will sow panic. But it was late - panic has already begun.
According to eyewitnesses, who contacted RIA Novosti, the "Komsomol Pravda" and other publications, the inhabitants of the village of Cheryomushki were unknown - the nearest settlements to the HPP. Panic originated due to rumors that the dam may not withstand and the Water Yenisei will wash everything that comes on their way. Then these fears covered the residents of Sayanogorsk, Shushensky and Minusinsk. And they reached the capital of Khakassia - Abakan.
At this point, the columns of cars of those who decided that there will be safer than at home. At gas stations and highways formed multi-kilometer traffic jams; People bought matches, candles, food and essentials in stores, which gradually closed. Began to collect cellular communication and the Internet - the network could not withstand the load.
At the same time there were no real reasons for such a panic - the water level in Yenisei did not rise, the city did not even begin to fit, and the evacuation was not declared. Moreover, the leaders of the region turned to the local population - Chairman of the Government of Khakassia Viktor Zimin and the mayor of Abakan Nikolai Bulakin, who denied rumors about possible flooding and asked people to calm down. However, it was not so simple - the memory of the silence of what happened at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant even after 23 years.
Meanwhile, it is already the assumptions about when Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP will again begin work. The head of RusHydro OJSC Vasily Zubakin suggested that he would take several months to restore HPP. At the same time, he added that the restoration of completely destroyed hydraulic units may take years. Sergei Shoigu agreed with this, which stressed the importance of the distribution of energy flows in such a way that the local population and enterprises felt the power deficit.
After the accident there were a few more questions that need to be solved in the shortest possible time. The first of these is the elimination of the oil stain with a length of five kilometers formed as a result of the accident. According to the press service of OJSC RusHydro, this stain is already localized in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Main HPP, but the rescuers still have to collect it.
Another task is to pay compensation to relatives of the dead and affected. According to RIA Novosti, with reference to the press service of Rosno, in which the staff of the HPP are insured, they can receive up to 500 thousand rubles of insurance payments. At the same time, as already mentioned, the number of dead and victims cannot be established until about 50 missing stations are found.
The tragedy at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP occurred on August 17 at 08:13 local time (04:13 Moscow time).
Due to the destruction of the hydraulic unit No. 2, water began to flow into the machine hall of the station under high pressure. The load on the HPP almost immediately fell to zero, constantly arriving water in a short time flooded the entire hall and technical premises under it. All ten hydraulic units of the station were damaged, three of them were completely destroyed. A short circuit in the control systems of generators led to a complete cessation of the work of the HPP.
As a result of the disaster killed 75 people, 13 were injured. In Yenisei, up to 50 tons of turbine oil fell.
The HPP accident has no analogues in the domestic and global hydropower.
About Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP
Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. P.S. Sugps (SSHGES) is the most powerful hydropower station in Russia. Its installed capacity is 6400 MW, the annual production is about 24 billion kW / h. HPP is located on the River Yenisei in Khakassia near the city of Sayanogorsk. Included in RusHydro OJSC as a branch of the company.
Station construction began in 1968. The first of the ten hydraulic units of HPP was launched in December 1978, the last - in December 1985. The station passed into industrial operation in 2000.
SSHGES is a high-pressure hydroelectric power plant of the seller type. Her head front forms a concrete arched gravitational dam deep into the rocks. The height of the hydraulic structure is 245 m, the length of the ridge is 1074.4 m, the width of the base is 105.7 m and on the ridge - 25 m. The reservoir area is 621 square meters. km. In the machine hall of the station there are 10 hydraulic units with a capacity of 640 MW.
Continued
Rescue operation
The head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Sergey Shoigu and Energy Minister Sergey Shmatko flew to the place of large-scale PE. During the night, from 17 to August 18, the number of people involved in the elimination of the consequences of the accident increased tenfold.
Flooded rooms examined divers. The search and rescue operation was carried out mainly in the engine room of the hydraulic station. "Divers work in difficult conditions: Water turbid, mixed with machine oil, but all corners of the machine room are examined carefully," said Alexander Siberian, head of the Siberian search and rescue squad.
On the day of the accident managed to save two people, however, on August 18, the probability of finding living people in the zone of flooding was estimated as minor.
If a person got into the air bubble, then there is hope for his salvation. If it was in water, given that its temperature does not exceed four degrees, then the chances of saving its minimum
Alexander Tolokonnikov
former general director of Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric station
On August 20, water pumping began from the premises of Mashal, by this moment the number of victims reached 17 people.
"RusHydro" reported that he plans to pay in support of family members of the victims and victims of more than 300 million rubles.
"YouTube.com/tDudin80"
"The most large-scale and incomprehensible accident in the world"
Investigation of the causes of the catastrophe was carried out along the line of several departments. Immediately after the accident, the investigative committee was connected to him in the framework of the initiated criminal case, the Rostechnadzor Commission was also established.
First versions
Initially, a version of the hydraulic man was put forward as a possible cause of the accident, but it did not find support, as well as the version of the explosion of the transformer, which caused the collapse of the walls of the machine room. The Investigation Committee eliminated the possibility of a terrorist attack.
Experts "RusHydro" suggested that the accident occurred due to the destruction of the turbine due to the factory defect. However, the heads of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Energy warned against hasty conclusions.
Minister of Energy Sergei Shmatko called the "largest and incomprehensible accident in the world" that happened on the largest Russian hydrostatonium.
Report Rostechnadzor
On October 3, 2009, Rostekhnadzor presented a report on the investigation of the causes of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. The document took more than 100 pages. He was preparing a commission from 26 specialists under the leadership of the head of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of Nikolai Cutin. In the act of technical investigation, the causes of the accident was noted that the accident occurred due to the totality of the reasons, among whom - negligence, technical and organizational miscalculations.
Rostekhnadzor, which once every three years came and checked the state of the station, must act as a "ax", which is constantly hanging above the management of the station
Vladimir Pekhtin
commission co-chairman from the State Duma
Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the last unit of which earned in 1985, was officially put into operation only after 15 years, in 2000, without holding state expertise. The relevant document was signed by Anatoly Chubais, at that time headed RAO "UES of Russia". In the report, it was also stated that several dozen cases of failures of turbine equipment occurred at the initial period of operation of the HPP.
The Rostekhnadzor Commission called six people involved in the emergence of an accident on the HPP. Among them - the ex-head of RAO "UES of Russia" Anatoly Chubais, Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Synugin, General Director of TGK-1 Boris Weinsicher, Ambassador to Special Assignments of the Russian Federation, Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation in 2001-2004 Igor Yusufov. The corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences involved in the accident involved in the accident, the chairman of the Central Commission on the acceptance of the Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex in 2000, Anatoly Dyakov and the Managing Director, the head of the South Division of RusHydro, Chief Engineer in 1983 2006 Valentin Stafievsky.
Rostechnadzor's report: Six involved
As noted in the document, Vyacheslav Synugin Implemented decisions on the conclusion of repair personnel from the staffing of the HPP, without ensuring the introduction of the repair and maintenance of the requirements for regular control of the technical condition of the main equipment. He did not create the conditions for due assessment to the real state of SCHGES. Did not accept effective measures to develop, financing and executing compensating measures for the safe operation of the SSHGES, including did not ensure the implementation of the decision on the speedy construction of an additional water supply to the SSHGES, did not accept effective replacement measures Wheel wheels on the hydraulic units reduce the influence of "uncommitted zones" of their operation, did not ensure the adoption of the program for the safe operation of the hydraulic units involved in the regulation of power and in connection with this having increased wear. "
Boris Weinsicher.According to the conclusions of the Commission, he was responsible for the introduction of the standards of RAO UES, aimed at strengthening the safe operation of the equipment and not provided at the properly safe operation of the SCHGEC.
Anatoly Chubais, noted in the document, "approved the act of the Central Commission on the acceptance of the Sayano-Shushenskoye hydropower complex. At the same time, a proper assessment of the actual state of SCHGES was not given." In addition, timely compensative measures for safe operation of the SSHGES were not developed and implemented, including the decision "in the shortest possible time to start working on the construction of an additional water supply to the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP", the working wheels on the hydraulic groups were not replaced, the program was not developed compensating measures for the safe operation of hydraulic units involved in capacity regulation and in connection with this having increased wear. "
Valentin StafievskyAccording to the conclusions of Rostechnadzor, "knowing the real state of the equipment operated on the ECGES, did not create the conditions for the adoption of the effective measures" RusHydro "on the safe operation of the SCHGES. participated in the conclusion of repair personnel from a staffing schedule, not ensuring compliance with the requirements for regular control of the technical condition of the main equipment. SSHGES. "
Anatoly Dyakov He was the chairman of the Central Commission on the acceptance of the Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex and signed an acceptance act with an estimate "Good". "The commission of the Commission did not fully reflect the actual condition of the exploited buildings, structures and equipment of the SCHGES, which created prerequisites for the underestimation of the real consequences of further exploitation," the Rostechnadzor document is noted.
Igor Yusufov, "While the Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation, did not create the mechanisms of real state control and oversight of the safe operation of energy facilities, including those included in RAO" UES of Russia ", - noted in the Rostechnadzor act. Yusufov, the document says" did not provide The development and adoption of the fundamentals of state policy in the field of safe operation of energy facilities, contributed to the transfer of control functions from the state to operating organizations without making decisions on increasing their responsibility for the energy security of the Russian Federation "
Continued
Rostekhnadzor also reported that the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was connected with a fire at the Bratskaya HPP on August 16. It was because of this that I had to increase the load on the SSHGES and put into operation the second hydraulic unit. "It cannot be said that the Bratskaya HPP is guilty of the accident at Sayano-Shushenskaya, but the conditions were created just during the fire on the fraternal," said Nikolai Kutin's head of Rostekhnadzor.
Parliamentary conclusions
In parallel with the Rostekhnadzor Commission, his own investigation was conducted by the Parliamentary Commission, established in September 2009. The commissions are deputies and senators - attended the place of accident and enterprises on which equipment for hydroelectric power plants.
The Commission determined that more than 20 persons were involved in the creation of conditions for the emergence of the accident. Among them is the management of the station, including the Director General and the Chief Engineer, the technical services that were responsible for the repair work and the technical condition of the equipment, as well as the organizations that have delivered different equipment on the HPP, including automation.
The Commission applied to the Investigative Committee at the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation with a request to identify persons involved in the accident and establish the degree of their guilt.
Direct cause of the accident
During the investigation into the causes of the accident by the Rostechnadzor Commission and the Parliamentary Commission, the direct cause of the destruction of the hydraulic unit No. 2 was called fatigue destruction of the turbine cover fastening as a result of vibration.
Continued
Sentence for seven employees
More than 300 witnesses were interrogated in the case, 234 examinations were conducted, including forensic, genetic, technical, metallic, as well as explosive and seismological.
"Due to the large volume of materials, and more than 850 material evidence is introduced to the criminal case, the examination has lasted during the year, according to the results of which the mathematical model of the development of the accident was drawn up," said Vladimir Markin's representative.
Accusation
Seven Station Employees were on the dock: director of SSHGES Nikolai Russia Alive, chief engineer Andrei Mitrofanov and his deputies Yevgeny Shervalari, Gennady Nikitenko, as well as workers monitoring equipment for Equipment HPP Alexander Matvienko, Vladimir Beloborodov and Alexander Korunication.
Family members of the victims still cannot accept the loss of loved ones. However, a month ago, information appeared that the culprits of the accident allegedly would remain unpunished. The fact that the criminal case can stop the limitation of the term, outrageous people
Nikolai Popov
They were incriminated to the violation of the rules of labor protection, which caused the death of a person by negligence. The article provided for imprisonment for up to three years. But by the time of the receipt of the case in the prosecutor's office, on December 8, 2011, amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation entered into force, and this article was attributed to the category of small severity. The statute of limitations according to it is 2 years and by the time actually expired, in connection with which the prosecutor's office returned a criminal case for an additional investigation.
Investigative actions on the case of an accident at the SSHHP ended in June 2012. Seven employees were charged with a new article - Part 3 of Art. 216 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - "Violation of the Security Rules in the conduct of work, which caused the death of more than two persons and causing major damage." They threaten seven years in prison.
According to the investigators, the accused for a long time allowed the work of the hydraulic unit No. 2 in the unsatisfactory vibration state. Employees of the HPP inactive and did not take measures to eliminate malfunction, including during the planned repairs conducted in January-March 2009.
The victims were recognized by 162 people. On June 4, 2013, the criminal case was aimed at consideration in the Sayanogorsk city court of the Republic of Khakassia. On July 15, 2013, the preliminary hearings took place in court and the trial began on July 19.
Verdict and amnesty
The sentence of criminal proceedings on the HPP accident was made on December 24, 2014. The former director of the Nikolai hydroelectric power station was unable for 6 years of the colony of the general regime, the same period received the chief engineer Andrei Mitrofanov. His deputies Yevgeny Shersary and Gennady Nikitenko were convicted of 5.5 years and 5 years 9 months of the colony of the general regime. Equipment monitoring workers Alexander Matvienko, Vladimir Beloborodov and Alexander Korukachech were sentenced to 4.5 years in colony without the right to occupy senior positions. Moreover, Vladimir Beloborodov was released by amnesty.
The decision of the Sayanogorsk city court was filed 19 complaints from the victims, the parties to protection and convicted. Three victims of individuals, as well as a representative of RusHydro, which was also recognized as the victim, asked to justify the convicts. In turn, the state concluded asked to leave the sentence unchanged.
On May 26, the Supreme Court of Khakassia changed the sentence to two defendants of the case. Employees of the equipment monitoring of HPP Alexander Matvienko and Alexander Korukachech, previously sentenced to 4.5 years in colonies, fell under the amnesty to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The rest of the defendants left the same.
The statute of limitations in the criminal case of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP expired on August 17, 2015. If before this period, the decision of the Sayanogorsk Court did not enter into legal force, all convicts would be released, and the case was closed.
Recovery work and modernization of the station
The restoration of HPP has left for more than five years and 41 billion rubles. The first work at the station began in August 2009. By October, the ruins were disassembled in the machine room, by November - the walls and the roof of the hall were restored, which made it possible to create a heat outline and ensure work during the cold season.
At the first stage (2010-2011), the least victims of the accident were restored in the accident No. 3, 4, 5, 6 and a new hydraulic unit No. 1 was commissioned (in December 2011). In October 2011, a new coastal water supply of hydropower HPP was introduced into continuous operation, allowing additional passage of water to 4 thousand cubic meters. m (the cost of construction is about 7 billion rubles) and corresponding to modern international requirements for flood waters.
At the second stage (2012-2013), new hydraulic units No. 7, 8, 9 and 10 began to be operated, as well as a replacement for new previously restored units No. 5 and 6.
At the final stage in 2014, the updated unit No. 4 - 22, President Vladimir Putin, was included in the network during a video summort of his launch - and the equipment was updated on the unit No. 3.
The manufacture and installation of new hydraulic units for the station Velo OJSC "Power Machines" (contract for the amount of 11.7 billion rubles was signed with RusHydro OJSC on November 30, 2009).
Work on the reconstruction of the station was completed in November 2014, the station reached its design capacity (6400 megawatts).
The end of the high modernization of the HPP is scheduled for 2015.
What has changed after PE
After a large-scale accident at the Sayan-Shushenskaya HPP, it was decided to carry out a comprehensive reconstruction of the station and to equip it with new and modern equipment, which has improved performance and relevant all reliability and safety requirements.
The service life of new hydraulic units has been increased to 40 years. Open camshafts will be replaced with closed type devices to reduce wear. HPP will have a comprehensive automated system for monitoring the state of the dam. Entered into continuous operation in October 2011, the new coastal water supply station station corresponds to modern international flood waters, it allows you to carry out an additional passage of water to 4000 cu. m per second. Also in 2009, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation instructed during the planned repairs to replace all attachment of turbine covers and install registration devices ("black boxes") for all Russian hydropower plants.
Loading...
