Above the Arctic recorded the occurrence of a huge ozone hole, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is about two million square kilometers. It was formed in February-March 2011 and soon advanced over Northern Canada, Northern Europe, Central Russia and Northeast Asia.
Scientists believe that the occurrence of the ozone hole is a consequence of global climatic changes, including colossal emissions of industrial waste. As experts noted, for the first time during the observation, the area of \u200b\u200b"holes" is comparable to its "colleague" from Antarctica.
At the level of approximately 20 kilometers above the surface of the Arctic, the loss of the ozone layer is up to 80% of the usual indicators for this place. According to scientists who carried out measurements, the cause of this phenomenon was an unusually long preservation of cold air masses, which are a kind of catalyst for chlorine compounds - "murderers" of the ozone layer. According to researchers, such a phenomenon has not yet been described, because it cannot be exactly predicted, according to RBC.
"Gazeta.Ru" told that in the spring of this year the thickness of the ozone layer over the Arctic reached "an unprecedented low level due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere of substances that destroy ozone and because of a very cold winter." This formulation was provided in the report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Recall that ozone (trochatomic oxygen molecule, O3) is an aggressive chemical compound, which in humans, for example, annoying and damaging the respiratory organs, and also causes the formation of insoluble blood compounds. But do not be in the stratosphere of the ozone layer surrounding our planet, life on earth would be impossible due to the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun, which would cause skin cancer and other dangerous diseases.
But over the past half a century, due to a number of reasons, the ozone layer quickly began to collapse. Mostly, this happens at low temperatures in the stratosphere (below 78 degrees of frost), when water vapor and nitric acid form so-called polar stratospheric clouds. These clouds are associated with widely used in the production of household and industrial aerosols containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), turn into highly active compounds, such as chlorine oxide, which destroy ozone.
Scientists conducting observations of the ozone layer noted that his exhaustion was stopped over the past decades. But, since harmful substances that destroy ozone are already in the atmosphere, their action will be observed for a long time, and, as experts predict, a completely ozone hole over Antarctic will delay only by the middle of the XXI century.
Now, in the journal Nature published an article in which a group of scientists under the leadership of Gloria Manney from the Laboratory of the NASA Motion and the Mining Institute and New Mexico Institute in Sokorro's technology analyzed in detail the process of formation of the ozone hole over the Arctic of the current spring, writes Gazeta.ru.
In early April, the World Meteorological Organization said that the amount of ozone in the atmosphere in the Arctic region decreased by a record amount of 40%.
A group of scientists under the leadership of Gloria Manney (Gloria Manney) from the NASA's jet movement laboratory analyzed in detail the process of formation of the ozone hole and concluded that this event was unprecedented on its scale, and if the winter in the Arctic is a little more severe, the fall in the concentration Ozone will be even more sharp.
"For the first time, we have it in the north. A decrease in the number of ozone in the Arctic has always been expressed significantly less than in Antarctica. In 1994-1995 there was a fall by 30%, but there was never before that. Now the fall was 40% This is already comparable to Antarctica, there is a ozone hole 50% -60%. The order is already the same, "said one of the authors of Research Valery Dorokhov, senior researcher at the Central Aerological Observatory Roshydromet.
In winter, 2010-2011, a circumpolar whirl was unusually held in the Arctic, a strip of strong stratospheric air flows around the polar zone, which was not allowed to the pole warm air. As a result, by the beginning of the spring, the concentration of ozone dropped sharply.
"This period, when cold air is held there, usually lasts 2-2.5 months. And this time he dragged for four months - until April, although it usually ends in March," Dorokhov said.
Scientists note that temperatures below the threshold of 78 degrees in the Arctic were held at a height from 15 to 23 degrees more than 100 days. "In this regard, the reduction in the number of ozone in the Arctic for the first time reached a level in which we can talk about the Arctic ozone hole," the article says. Its authors note that the area limited by the circumpolar whirlwind in the Arctic is significantly less than in Antarctica, but it is more mobile.
"The stronger destruction of the ozone layer in the Arctic can increase biological risks from the stronger impact of ultraviolet radiation, especially if the vortex zone moves towards more densely populated medium latitudes, as happened in April 2011," scholars write.
The increase in ultraviolet radiation can lead, in particular, to an increase in the number of cataract cases, Dorokhov notes.
The authors of the study say that at the moment there are no methods, how to predict the repetition of such cases of a sharp reduction in the amount of ozone. For their development, it is necessary to collect more accurate data on the state of the winter stratosphere.
"Therefore, we must be ready, we must constantly monitor. Ozone observations in Russia are conducted since the 1960s, but these are measuring the total content. Vertical distribution measures us only one station, in Salekhard. Now, together with scientists from St. Petersburg, we We plan to do another point at the Hydrometeo-screen system in Tiksi, "Dorokhov said, RIA Novosti reports.
The ozone hole arising over the Arctic in winter became the "deep" in the entire history of observations (more than 20 years old) and approached its scale to the Antarctic ozone hole, the article published in the Nature magazine.A sharp drop in the concentration of stratospheric ozone, the "ozone hole" was first discovered in the 1980s above Antarctic. According to modern ideas, ozone destruction (oxygen trochatomic oxygen molecules) is associated with the impact of substances of the chlorofluorocarbon group (CFC), the most famous of which is a group of freon. Under the action of sunlight and stratospheric cold, these substances form aggressive chlorine compounds that destroy the ozone layer - a shield that protects life on Earth from harmful rigid ultraviolet. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol was adopted, which prohibits the production of CFC, but several decades will be needed for their natural disappearance.
In winter and spring 2010-2011, a process was first observed in the Arctic, which could be called the formation of the ozone hole. In early April, the World Meteorological Organization said that the amount of ozone in the atmosphere in the Arctic region decreased by a record amount of 40%. A group of scientists under the leadership of Gloria Manney (Gloria Manney) from the NASA's jet movement laboratory analyzed in detail the process of formation of the ozone hole and concluded that this event was unprecedented on its scale, and if the winter in the Arctic is a little more severe, the fall in the concentration Ozone will be even more sharp.
"For the first time we have in the north this happens. Reducing the amount of ozone in the Arctic has always been expressed significantly less than in Antarctica. In 1994-1995, there was a drop in 30%, but there was never such such before. Now the fall was 40%, it is already comparable to Antarctica, there is an ozone hole 50% -60%. The order is already the same, "said RIA Novosti. One of the authors of the study of Valery Dorokhov, a senior researcher in the Central Aerological Observatory of Roshydromet.
Ozone hole in the polar regions occurs when due to low temperatures in the stratosphere (below 78 degrees of frost) of water vapor and nitric acid form so-called polar stratospheric clouds. These clouds and other cold aerosols are given long-lived chlorine compounds, in particular, chlorofluorocarbons, the ability to turn into highly active compounds, such as chlorine oxide, which "kill" ozone. In winter, 2010-2011, a circumpolar whirl was unusually held in the Arctic, a strip of strong stratospheric air flows around the polar zone, which was not allowed to the pole warm air. As a result, by the beginning of the spring, the concentration of ozone dropped sharply. "This period is when cold air is holding there, usually lasts 2-2.5 months. And this time he dragged into four months - until April, although it usually ends in March, "Dorokhov said.
Scientists note that temperatures below the threshold of 78 degrees in the Arctic were held at a height from 15 to 23 degrees more than 100 days. At the same time, the fall in the amount of ozone below the level of 250 Dobson units in the spring was observed for 27 days, and below 230 - during the week. "In this regard, the reduction in the number of ozone in the Arctic for the first time reached a level in which you can talk about the Arctic ozone hole," the article says. Its authors note that the area limited by the circumpolar whirlwind in the Arctic is significantly less than in Antarctica, but it is more mobile.
"The stronger destruction of the ozone layer in the Arctic can increase biological risks from the stronger impact of ultraviolet radiation, especially if the vortex zone moves towards more tightly populated medium latitudes, as happened in April 2011," scholars write. The increase in ultraviolet radiation can lead, in particular, to an increase in the number of cataract cases, Dorokhov notes. The authors of the study say that at the moment there are no methods, how to predict the repetition of such cases of a sharp reduction in the amount of ozone. For their development, it is necessary to collect more accurate data on the state of the winter stratosphere.
"Therefore, we must be prepared, should constantly monitor monitoring. Ozone observations in Russia are conducted since the 1960s, but these are measuring the total content. Vertical distribution measures us only one station, in Salekhard. Now, together with scientists from St. Petersburg, we plan to do another point at the Hydrometeetting in Tiksi, "Dorokhov said.
The ozone hole became the most "deep" in the entire history of observations (more than 20 years) and approached the Antarctic Ozone Mower approached the Antarctic Ozone Mower, the article published in the Nature magazine said.
A sharp drop in the concentration of stratospheric ozone, the "ozone hole" was first discovered in the 1980s above Antarctic. According to modern ideas, ozone destruction (oxygen trochatomic oxygen molecules) is associated with the impact of substances of the chlorofluorocarbon group (CFC), the most famous of which is a group of freon.
Under the action of sunlight and stratospheric cold, these substances form aggressive chlorine compounds that destroy the ozone layer - a shield that protects life on Earth from harmful rigid ultraviolet. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol was adopted, which prohibits the production of CFC, but several decades will be needed for their natural disappearance.
In winter and spring 2010-2011, a process was first observed in the Arctic, which could be called the formation of the ozone hole. In early April, the World Meteorological Organization said that the amount of ozone in the atmosphere in the Arctic region decreased by a record amount of 40%.
A group of scientists under the leadership of Gloria Manney (Gloria Manney) from the NASA's jet movement laboratory analyzed in detail the process of formation of the ozone hole and concluded that this event was unprecedented on its scale, and if the winter in the Arctic is a little more severe, the fall in the concentration Ozone will be even more sharp.
"For the first time, we have it in the north. A decrease in the number of ozone in the Arctic has always been expressed significantly less than in Antarctica. In 1994-1995 there was a fall by 30%, but there was never before that. Now the fall was 40% It is already comparable to Antarctica, there is a ozone hole 50% -60%. The order is already the same, "said RIA Novosti. One of the authors of the study of Valery Dorokhov, Senior Researcher of the Central Aerological Observatory Roshydromet.
Ozone hole in the polar regions occurs when due to low temperatures in the stratosphere (below 78 degrees of frost) of water vapor and nitric acid form so-called polar stratospheric clouds. These clouds and other cold aerosols are given by long-lived chlorine compounds, in particular, chlorofluorocarbons, the ability to turn into highly active compounds, such as chlorine oxide, which kill ozone.
In winter, 2010-2011, a circumpolar whirl was unusually held in the Arctic, a strip of strong stratospheric air flows around the polar zone, which was not allowed to the pole warm air. As a result, by the beginning of the spring, the concentration of ozone dropped sharply.
"This period, when cold air is held there, usually lasts 2-2.5 months. And this time he dragged for four months - until April, although it usually ends in March," Dorokhov said.
Scientists note that temperatures below the threshold of 78 degrees in the Arctic were held at a height from 15 to 23 degrees more than 100 days. At the same time, the fall in the amount of ozone below the level of 250 Dobson units in the spring was observed for 27 days, and below 230 - during the week.
"In this regard, the reduction in the number of ozone in the Arctic for the first time reached a level in which we can talk about the Arctic ozone hole," the article says. Its authors note that the area limited by the circumpolar whirlwind in the Arctic is significantly less than in Antarctica, but it is more mobile.
"The stronger destruction of the ozone layer in the Arctic can increase biological risks from the stronger impact of ultraviolet radiation, especially if the vortex zone moves towards more densely populated medium latitudes, as happened in April 2011," scholars write.
The increase in ultraviolet radiation can lead, in particular, to an increase in the number of cataract cases, Dorokhov notes.
The authors of the study say that at the moment there are no methods, how to predict the repetition of such cases of a sharp reduction in the amount of ozone. For their development, it is necessary to collect more accurate data on the state of the winter stratosphere.
"Therefore, we must be ready, we must constantly monitor. Ozone observations in Russia are conducted since the 1960s, but these are measuring the total content. Vertical distribution measures us only one station, in Salekhard. Now, together with scientists from St. Petersburg, we We plan to do another point on the Hydrometeo-usorvatorium in Tiksi, "Dorokhov said.
It became the "deep" itself in the entire history of observations (more than 20 years) and approached its scale to the Antarctic Ozone Hole, the article published in the Nature magazine.
A sharp drop in the concentration of stratospheric ozone, the "ozone hole" was first discovered in the 1980s above Antarctic. According to modern ideas, ozone destruction (oxygen trochatomic oxygen molecules) is associated with the impact of substances of the chlorofluorocarbon group (CFC), the most famous of which is a group of freon.
Under the action of sunlight and stratospheric cold, these substances form aggressive chlorine compounds that destroy the ozone layer - a shield that protects life on Earth from harmful rigid ultraviolet. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol was adopted, which prohibits the production of CFC, but several decades will be needed for their natural disappearance.
In winter and spring 2010-2011, a process was first observed in the Arctic, which could be called the formation of the ozone hole. In early April, the World Meteorological Organization said that the amount of ozone in the atmosphere in the Arctic region decreased by a record amount of 40%.
A group of scientists under the leadership of Gloria Manney (Gloria Manney) from the NASA's jet movement laboratory analyzed in detail the process of formation of the ozone hole and concluded that this event was unprecedented on its scale, and if the winter in the Arctic is a little more severe, the fall in the concentration Ozone will be even more sharp.
"For the first time, we have it in the north. A decrease in the number of ozone in the Arctic has always been expressed significantly less than in Antarctica. In 1994-1995 there was a fall by 30%, but there was never before that. Now the fall was 40% It is already comparable to Antarctica, there is a ozone hole 50% -60%. The order is already the same, "said RIA Novosti. One of the authors of the study of Valery Dorokhov, Senior Researcher of the Central Aerological Observatory Roshydromet.
Ozone hole in the polar regions occurs when due to low temperatures in the stratosphere (below 78 degrees of frost) of water vapor and nitric acid form so-called polar stratospheric clouds. These clouds and other cold aerosols are given by long-lived chlorine compounds, in particular, chlorofluorocarbons, the ability to turn into highly active compounds, such as chlorine oxide, which kill ozone.
In winter, 2010-2011, a circumpolar whirl was unusually held in the Arctic, a strip of strong stratospheric air flows around the polar zone, which was not allowed to the pole warm air. As a result, by the beginning of the spring, the concentration of ozone dropped sharply.
"This period, when cold air is held there, usually lasts 2-2.5 months. And this time he dragged for four months - until April, although it usually ends in March," Dorokhov said.
Scientists note that temperatures below the threshold of 78 degrees in the Arctic were held at a height from 15 to 23 degrees more than 100 days. At the same time, the fall in the amount of ozone below the level of 250 Dobson units in the spring was observed for 27 days, and below 230 - during the week.
"In this regard, the reduction in the number of ozone in the Arctic for the first time reached a level in which we can talk about the Arctic ozone hole," the article says. Its authors note that the area limited by the circumpolar whirlwind in the Arctic is significantly less than in Antarctica, but it is more mobile.
"The stronger destruction of the ozone layer in the Arctic can increase biological risks from the stronger impact of ultraviolet radiation, especially if the vortex zone moves towards more densely populated medium latitudes, as happened in April 2011," scholars write.
The increase in ultraviolet radiation can lead, in particular, to an increase in the number of cataract cases, Dorokhov notes.
The authors of the study say that at the moment there are no methods, how to predict the repetition of such cases of a sharp reduction in the amount of ozone. For their development, it is necessary to collect more accurate data on the state of the winter stratosphere.
"Therefore, we must be ready, we must constantly monitor. Ozone observations in Russia are conducted since the 1960s, but these are measuring the total content. Vertical distribution measures us only one station, in Salekhard. Now, together with scientists from St. Petersburg, we We plan to do another point on the Hydrometeo-usorvatorium in Tiksi, "Dorokhov said.
Russia fell into the ozone hole. Wait for the cold winter?
For the first time, a sharp decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer in the northern hemisphereAccording to the scientific journal Nature, Dr. Michel Santi (Dr Michelle Santee) and his colleagues from NASA (NASA "S Jet Propulsion Laboratory), the thickness of the ozone layer on the Arctic reached record low values. At altitudes of about 20 kilometers, it decreased by 80 percent. In essence, "ozone hole" was formed in the place where it was not before.
The ozone hole usually appears above Antarctica - in the southern hemisphere. In the North - a similar phenomenon always looked so insignificant that he did not pay attention to him. Now, thinning was simply supernatural. And over the Arctic there was a hole, comparable along the scale with Antarctic.
Experts scare that from cutters in a layer, which protects the Earth from hard ultraviolet radiation, people can suffer, and animals will get burges of the skin and eye damage.
Scientists assume that anomaly is associated with a very reduced temperature, which was established in the stratosphere. A few years ago, an intergovernmental group of experts on climate change in the UN was warned about such cooling. I assured it happens since 1979.
And the colder in the stratosphere, the more active the substances that destroy the ozone in the layers closest to the Earth are. But this is just a hypothesis. From what exactly the current "hole", the exciting territory of Canada and Russia, is not known.
It is possible that it is a "ozone hole" over the Arctic - somehow connected with very cold winters, followed by one after another. But what is the root cause, again it is not clear: whether, having appeared, aggravated frost. In the latter case, the approaching winter threatens to become a harsh in our northern hemisphere.
By the way
American scientists have found a stronger destroyer - the so-called funny gas - nitrogen back. And it is possible that this substance is now destroying ozone instead of CFCs.
Moreover, it turned out that the CFCs interfere with the funcing gas to destroy the ozone layer. Today, "noise" almost left.
Nitrogen approach is the result of global warming. So consider researchers under the leadership of Maya Repo from Finnish University of Kuopio.
Measurements have shown: funny gas is composed of the swampy regions of the Russian Arctic. His powerful sources - peat circles. Each of their square meter emits 1.2 grams per season. It is much more than anything else on the planet. In the sense of natural sources. And more than 20 percent of the areas in the north of Russia occupy the square with such "fun" circles. For example, in the Komi Republic. And then through the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean.
In other words, the arrival of millions of funny tons is expected.
Scientists believe that bacteria began to be intensively, which processes nitrates - nitrogenous compounds not learned by plants. If it goes and further, it will go - the eternal Merzlot is thawing, turns into a swamp, then it will become more fun not only in Russia. The wind will split joyful gas on the planet. But by no means global laughter scares researchers. The main danger they see that nitrogen rushing is greenhouse gas. And it makes a powerful contribution to the global warming process. Stored in the atmosphere more than 110 years. That is, 10 times longer than methane - another greenhouse gas that festers from the tundra.
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