Featuring a plot for construction, we go to the question - what is still building a house? To date, a wide variety of materials, the construction market offers new and new materials every year. How to make the right choice in such an abundance? Let's come to the material as an environmentally friendly product that the nature itself has produced. So, consider wood like building material for your new home.

For the construction of the house comes far from every wood. Take for consideration the most popular conifers are pine, cedar and larch. At first glance, these breeds of wood are similar to each other and visually do not differ visually, but they still have their differences in the characteristics that are so important for construction.

Siberian larch - This is one of the most valuable woods for construction. The larch is similar to all conifers, the color is pinkish-red, but for density and strength, it is a serious opponent of oak and ash. What is the secret of the value of this breed? Everything is simple, the structure of the larch is impregnated by the resin, which is a natural antiseptic. During construction, additional treatments this breed does not require, because Nature itself took care of it. Therefore, houses built from larch stand for a very long time. The only drawback is a relatively high price, so the larch is often combined during construction with a pine, using larch at the initial stages, paving several lower crowns that are susceptible to rotting. It is also recommended to use larch during the construction of baths, on the lags, the floor and the first three crown of the walls, the rest is from cedar or pine.

Cedar It is considered the most elite construction forest having tremendous strength and low thermal conductivity. Compared with brick, has an index 1/5, i.e. 10 cm. The cedar replaces 50 cm. Bricks, so houses built from cedar are very warm. In addition to strength, cedar has a number of advantages over his fellows, because His resins are considered therapeutic. At home, chopped out of the cedar, they are easy to breathe in them, due to the absence of mold fungi and microbes, due to the antiseptic properties of the tree. Baths from cedar have a special advantage - an extraordinary aroma, light air and a healthy steam.

Pine It is considered a good building material, but it is a little inferior in durability and durability of larch and cedar. She has its advantages. Pine - lighter material with good thermal conductivity and durability, and also available by price,

therefore, all major construction comes from pine. Unlike the two previous tree breeds, pine need to be processed by antiseptic means, because It is susceptible to rotting. The upper layers of wood are softer, able to absorb moisture and are especially susceptible to the formation of the fabric. Therefore, when construction from pine, be sure to use antiseptic. Thanks to his porosity, Pine is able to regulate the humidity in the room, which is a very important point for human health.

So, summarize, what is still building from? All three breeds are a wonderful building material that has its advantages and minor minuses in front of each other. Therefore, make a choice on the necessary needs and material possibilities, because Houses from pine, practically, nothing is inferior to houses from cedar and larch. And for the construction of premises, which will be subject to permanent aggressive moisture (baths and saunas), it is still better to use a cedar or larch, in order to avoid early rotting of walls and gender.

In the Flora of Russia there are coniferous trees, which are everywhere called cedars. About the "cedar" Siberian will be discussed below. The word "cedar" stands in quotes not by chance - in fact, this breed refers to the botanical genus Pineus - Pinus, while real cedar belongs to a completely different kind of Cedrus. In our country in the wild state of true cedar, there is no, and in landscaping they have very limited use - only on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, since it is very warm-loving.

Botanical Siberian Pine Characteristics

Siberian or cedar pine or siberian cedar - Pinus Sibirica du Tour is a major evergreen tree from a pine family (Pinoceae) height 20-25 (up to 35) m, with a thick crown. The trunk is up to 1.5 m in diameter, with brown-gray furrows. In young trees, the bark is brighter and smooth. Sewing two types: elongated and shortened. Young elongated shoots reddish due to the omission. The root system is well developed, consists of rod and strong side roots.
The leaves are located on the shoots of the bunches of 5 cups (an important feature that distinguishes Siberian from the ordinary, which in the beam only 2 sheets). The leaves-cheops are narrow centered, needed, in cross section triangular, length from 5 to 12 cm, dark green, with blond stripes on the sides formed by the rows of stomps. He lives to 6 years old.
One-bedroom plants, that is, the men's and women's generative bodies collected in spikelets are developing on one individual. Flowers and real fruits in pine, as in all vote, no. Male spikelets of red, are located at the base of the elongated shoots, and women's-pole, are sitting 2-4 in their top. Pollen dissipates in June, after which men's spikelets fall. Fertilized seeds are developing in seeds, and the entire female spikelet is converted into a kind of organ - a bump consisting of an axis to which trees are attached light brown scales.
In the sinuses of each scales are placed 2 semen. They ripen in September next after fertilization of the year. Mature bumps with a length of 5-8 (up to 13) cm with a diameter of 3-5 (up to 8) cm, during ripen, they are not disclosed, but fall out completely, along with seeds. Seeds are dark brown, 10-1 2 cm long, they are called "cedar nuts." Seeds are propagated by cedar, chipmuncture, protein, sable and other forest animals. The harvest of cedar nuts in the most productive cedarns reaches 640 kg / ha. Abundant seed yields are repeated through considerable intervals - 3-1 0 years.
Seeds in germination are put on the surface of 1 0 large seeds. Pine pine cedar slowly throughout life. Trees first begin to give seeds from 25-30 years, if they grow free, and in plantations - no earlier than from 50 years. Siberian has lives to 500 pine (according to some data up to 850).

Spread of Siberian pine

Sibirskaya pine area Almost completely lies within Russia, only the southern edge enters Mongolia and Kazakhstan. This forest breed grows approximately the third of the entire forest zone of our country. Cedrols and forests with a noticeable participation of cedar pine occupy 40,600,000 hectares. They are common in the mountains and on the plain of the northeastern regions of European Russia (from the head of the river. Vychugyda), almost throughout Western and Eastern Siberia. These forests are called a darkening taiga.
Pine Siberian shadowed, frost resistant, demanding of soil and air humidity. Prefers loam and sandy, although it can grow on the rocks, and even on sphagnous swamps.

Other related types of Siberian pine

Siberian Pine is very close to Pine dwarf - Pinus Pumila (Pall.) Regel, which is often called the cedar stabber. Many nerds until recently even considered a cedar stabex by a variety of Siberian pine.
The cedar stabean is a coniferous evergreen shrub with a curved barrel and fluttering branches, lifting over the surface of the soil by only 0.5-2 m. Less often, it is a small seal with a height of 4-7 m. Young shoots of densely pubes with yellow-brown hairs. Couplings 4-8 cm long, sisovato-green, hard, triangular, along the edges with small jazbins, are held on the branches of 2-4 years.
The staber's cones are formed in the same way as Siberian pine, it is extremely similar to them, but somewhat smaller - a length of 3.5-4.5 cm and a diameter of 2.5-3 cm. They also develop two summer seasons. The seeds of the first year, when the seeds did not grow up in them, the reddish-purple, in the second year they will be raised by the time of the ripening of seeds, that is, by autumn, become dark brown. Seeds (they are also called "cedar nuts") with a length of about 8 mm and a diameter of 4-6 mm.
The cedar staber is distributed throughout Eastern Siberia and the Far East, from Tunkinsky Golts and Western Baikalia in the south-west of the range to the pool r. Anadyr in Chukotka, as well as in Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, in the Amur Region, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The total area occupied by the stabinations in our country exceeds 24 million hectares. Outside of Russia, known in Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia.
The staber forms solid, difficultly passable thickets on the upper border of the forest. It has a broad environmental amplitude, due to which it successfully grows in various (more severe) conditions - from sandy adhesions of river valleys and sea coasts to peatlands in permafrost and stone placers in highlands. It is capable of forming apparent roots on the branches in contact with the soil, and give a chain.
Like the Siberian pine, the seeds of the staber in everyday life is called nuts. They are a bit smaller, but in flavoring and nutritious qualities are also rich in protein, sugars and valuable oil having food and technical significance. Vintage nuts in dense thickets reaches 200 kg / ha. Of these, you can cook "Walnut Milk" - a delicious nutrient drink containing vitamin V. Value of the cedar stabel nuts is especially large for regions where there are no other plants producing edible nuts.
Wood - very calorie fuel, often the only thing for residents of the Northeast of Russia. Among the indigenous population, infusions, decoctions and extracts from the needles and branches of the cedar staber have long been considered the strongest anti-cutting agent. The squabble is excellent asylum and an important source of nutrition of many valuable fur animals: proteins, ermine, sable, etc.
In folk medicine, the fucking branches of the stabel ("foot") used for therapeutic baths during rheumatism.

Economic use of Siberian pine

Siberian pine is one of the most valuable coniferous breeds. Its wood is soft, light, at the same time dense, strong enough. It is pinkish-yellow, beautiful texture, with a pleasant smell, easily processed, polished well. Wood cedar pine is valued as a construction and diverse material. It is used in housing construction for the construction of walls of houses and roofs, as well as for finishing interior. Pencils make it out of it. Thanks to good acoustic properties, Siberian Pine Wood is used to make musical instruments.
However, cut the pine cedar for the sake of wood - the action close to the crime. This tree is one of the most valuable wild-growing food plants. Food is used by seeds ("cedar nuts"), which combine magnificent taste and nutritious qualities. Nutrition kernels contain fatty oil (up to 28%), proteins (more than 8%), starch (up to 5.5%), vitamins A, B, E, phosphorus salts, microelements (manganese, copper, zinc, iodine). Nuts are used in fresh form, use to spin from them with cold frowning oil, close in quality to the best grades of almond and olive, who has found wide demand not only in cooking, but also in the canning industry and medicine. Orekhov's cake are used in confectionery production in the manufacture of cakes, cakes, halva and other products.
Less quality oil obtained from cedar nuts with hot pressing or extraction by solvents is mainly on technical purposes: it is used in soaps, in the production of varnishes and oils. After additional refining, such oil is suitable for food.
Found the practical application and shell of cedar nuts. It makes activated carbon, the adsorption capacity of which is 2 times higher than the birch, which is considered (and quite fairly) the best. From the shell get a good brown skin paint.

Medicinal value of the Siberian and methods of therapeutic use

Medicinal use have different parts of Siberian pine. Its needles contains valuable essential oil, vitamin C, carotene (provitamin a), so infusion of needles or "cedar foot" (young fucking twigs) are used as anti-cutting agent. The resin from the trunks is rightfully called "Livita" for its ability to heal wounds. In Russia, Zhivitsa was used to treat purulent wounds, ulcers, boils, burns and cuts.
Connoisseurs argue that even the launched gastric ulcer can be quickly cured with a life-giving alive. Help the amber resin hold in the mouth, licking the tongue, or make water infusions. Bleeding wounds, poured by the Allowers, are tightened and starting to heal on the second day. But the ulcer is also a wound, only on the wall of the stomach.

Resin cedar wood Velmi is sinky.
She is a helping face, a face, the sign is sick after the sieves,
And tacos are not signs and the face will be pure.

The resin is mixed with honey fresh and rogue with beating in some way, and noticed to the tomat of salt a little, and then we give me to themes, Koi was dragging from the creep of the reptiles, and the disease from Stomach (stomach) widespread and spleen's ulcers will heal.

Much value is cedar nuts, and not only as a delicious product.
Currently, scientists have established that cedar nut contains various substances that contribute to the preservation of high performance, improving the composition of the blood, the growth of the human body, the treatment of tuberculosis, renal diseases, Malokrovia.
From cedar shell shell, Russian manufacturers make alcohol solutions that are used in the treatment of arthritis, gout, articular rheumatism, diseases of the stomach, liver, and leukemia, hemorrhoids. In addition, it is an effective means for cleaning the body, excavation radionuclides.
Cedar oil, in addition to high nutritious, dietary, healing, has also cosmetic properties. It is ideally combined with environmentally friendly fats, carbohydrates and a complex of vitamins, as well as trace elements. All this positively affects human well-being and life expectancy.

Kedra Nuts - Medicine known from antiquity. Back in the XVIII century. Academician P. S. Pallas, who visited the expedition to Siberia, noted that cedar nuts restore men's strength, a youth return to man. The most popular milk, prepared from the nucleols: they are rubbed, gradually adding water. Aromatic white emulsion is formed, tangible tone, causing a tide of strength and vigor. You can drink 2-3 tea cups per day.

The decoction and tincture of cedar shells are used with hemorrhoids, uterine bleeding and blood diseases, especially during leukemia.

The shell dried naturally was falling asleep in a bottle of dark color to the level of "shoulders", not tamping, poured with vodka before traffic jam and insist in warm, dark place 8-10s. Take 1 teaspoon before eating 3-4 times a day.
Cedar is controlled by the sun And he is healing for the lion born under the sign.

The cedar wood is expensive, prestigious and beautiful. In many ways, due to the fact that this tree was mentioned in the Bible and from it the time of the century did expensive products, the cedar is often called any coniferous wood. The homeland of this tree, whose height does not exceed 50 meters, consider the countries of the Mediterranean. In Russia, cedar of various species grows on the southern coast of Crimea, as well as in Siberia. We have in construction, as well as in furniture production.

Cedar, this is the second name of the cedar, has a bright core with a yellow or pink tint. It is practically no different from Collus. Cedar smallers are less than that of pine. But at the same time they are more clearly pronounced.

GOST 20022. 2-80 relates cedar to the class of resistant rocks that are very rarely subjected to rotting. But at the same time, the cedar wood is very soft and perfectly processed in all directions.

In Siberia, still build houses from the cedar. Moreover, as practice shows, they can stand more than a hundred years.

And from the cedar do:

• the pencils;
• phaneur;
• veneer;
• furniture;
• racks for mine production;
• hives;
• musical instruments;

The life expectancy of the cedar is quite high. So, it can exist up to 4 centuries. In the Baltic States there is a cedar long-lived, which is 1,500 years old. Therefore, it is unambiguous to answer the question how many years the cedar lives, it is impossible.

It is worth mentioning the useful properties of the cedar:

Varieties

Only 2 types of cedar form 9 subspecies. All trees grow not very quickly, but their wood is very valuable and largely due to the fact that is resistant to infection. Surprisingly, cedar grows in Asia, Africa, Siberia, Crimea, Transcaucasia. It is believed that this tree is heat-loving. Nevertheless, the Siberian cedar perfectly transfers the harsh winter.

Siberian

Some experts still claim that there is no cedar of Siberian, there is a pine that looks like cedar. Therefore, it is a tree to the species of pine. Nevertheless, pine cedar Siberian frost-resistant evergreen tree.

Successfully grows in the Moscow region, Leningrad and Voronezh regions, as well as throughout Siberia, in Altai (Altai) and in the Urals. Tree life expectancy reaches 800 years. In size, the Siberian cedar is inferior only by sequel. The diameter of its barrel reaches 2 meters.

The vegetative cedar period is only 45 days, the rest of the time the tree is in sleeping condition. The most valuable cedar product is his nuts. They are rich in vitamins, useful fats and minerals. Nuts are eaten with raw foods, oil makes and make oil. Siberian cedar is a very beautiful tree, valuable for man.

Photo of the Siberian cedar

Siberian cedar bumps of the Siberian cedar

Lebanese

Evergreen coniferous tree with a barrel to 2.5 meters. This cedar grows slowly. It is able to withstand temperatures up to -30 ° C. His bark is dark gray in small scales. This kind of cedar is a symbol of Lebanon, where he comes from. It is best to feel at an altitude of 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. In Russia, the Lebanese cedar grows on the Black Sea coast.

Proper cedar seeds. In my youth, it has a croon of cone, in old age in the form of an umbrella. A bumps in shape resemble a barrel. By the way, earlier, essential oils were obtained from the needles, and now from the wood of the Lebanese cedar. This tree is depicted on the state symbols of Lebanon. And often mistaken cedar Lebanese is called Libyan.

Photo of the Lebanese Kedra

Bumps of the Lebanese cedar Lebanese cedar

Canadian

The oldest red Canadian cedar grows in Washington Olympic Park. His age is 1,200 years old. The usual Canadian cedar reaches a height of 75 meters, and the diameter of its barrel can be up to 6.5 meters. The tree has very soft fuel wood.

Despite the name, Canadian red cedar has wood, the color of which hesitates from light beige to brown-red. When heated, the Wood canadian cedar does not secrete resin. When processing wood does not crack.

Stock Foto Tree of Canadian cedar

Himalayan

This cedar grows up to 50 meters, the maximum width of its barrel is no more than 3 meters. His needles are soft light green. He lives up to 1,000 years, but under favorable conditions, it is capable of to live to 3,000. The bumps ripen for one and a half years. Himalayan cedar tolerates blackout.

Krone Cedar Cone, but very wide. He loves increased humidity, including soil, so perfectly feels in the conditions of the southern shore of the Crimea. Although this species belongs to frost-resistant, which means it may well exist in the conditions of the middle strip of Russia.

Photo of the Himalayan cedar

Himalayan cedar bumps of the Himalayan cedar

Far Eastern

This is the most frost-resistant cedar. The duration of his life reaches 600 years. Far Eastern cedar grows in a mixed forest. Next to him there is always linden, birch, fir. His cones, as well as the Siberian cedar, have edible nuts. Fruit cedar begins after his twentieth.

Tree respects moderate watering and dry soil. Where the Far Eastern cedars are growing, there are always healthy trees and shrubs, and the air is fresh and even healing. Skipidar and rosin are obtained from the cedar resin.

Photo of the Far Eastern Kedra

European

Scientists attribute a tree to pine tree. This cedar loves to grow on the south side of the slopes at an altitude of 1,500 to 2,500 meters above sea level in Central Europe and Russia. Maximum green growth of 25 meters. Very looked like a cedar European on a pine cedar Siberian. Only its growth is lower and the trunk is thinner, and the bark is more beautiful and strong.

And so in the photo there is a tree of a European cedar with bumps

Korean

A tree can grow to 40 - 50 meters at the diameter of the barrel to 1.5 meters. Scientists also include this species to pine trees. The bark has a reddish hue, in his youth it is gray, and in a more mature age of brown color. The young cedar has large cones of red with a purple tint, but there are few of them. The old amount of their number is many times, but the size is small.

The tree grows in Korea and the territory adjacent to the country of Russia. Keedr Korean - one-bedroom tree. Male spikelets have yellow. But the needle of the SIZO-Green.

Photo of Korean cedar

Physical properties of cedar wood

Cedar refers to the kernel types of trees. By texture, it resembles a pine, but has more pronounced lines. The physical properties of the cedar allows you to take a tree to the discharge of elite and therefore all products from its wood have a high price.

Density

The greater the humidity, the higher the density of the wood. The cedar density in the fully dried state is 410 kg / m3. With a standard moisture content of 12%, the density is 435 kg / m3, and the conditional density (the mass ratio of absolutely dry wood to the mass of the same volume of wood on the alpo of the hygroscopicity) does not exceed 350 kg / m3.

Strength

Such an indicator as standard is standard, and its increase or decrease depends on the humidity of the medium and the vices of the tree.

The strength of the cedar may be as follows:

• Compression along the fibers it ranges from 33 to 40, 6 MPa.
• Bending static - 54.1 to 79.9 MPa.
• Stretching along the fibers - 90.2 MPa.
• Schole along the fibers - 5.64 - 6.39 MPa.
• The radial or tangential plane ranges from 5.64 to 7.15 MPa.

In different types of cedar, these indicators are slightly different from each other and, in general, higher digits of physicomechanical parameters have only Cedar Altai.

Humidity

In the newly fledged cedar, the humidity exceeds 100%, and with maximum water absorption, it may increase by 2 times and reach 220%. The humidity of the absolutely dry cedar is 420%. A distinctive feature of the cedar of any kind is that it is not afraid of moisture and therefore can be applied where the humidity is quite high.

Wood weight cedar

The structure of the checkered fabric, as well as its number in its pure form plus the water level and the content of organic and inorganic substances are responsible for the weight of wood. The least weigh the roots, more branches and branches. The proportion of wood always depends on the type of wood. And these averages for cedar fluctuate in different directories from 360 to 570 kg / m3.

Generally accepted bulk weight indicators 1 m3 cedar are as follows:

Chemical composition

Cedar phytoncides disinfect air, while in its needle a lot of vitamin C and provitamin A. The cedar core contains 17% protein; 12% starch; 4% fiber; up to 20% of carbohydrates; At least 60% of oils. It contains organic acids, hydrocarbons, stybeans, flavonoids. In aromatherapy, cedar oils are given a special place. Evaluation of the chemical indicators of the tree 5.

Color and texture

All kinds of cedar wood are very similar among themselves. They have a brown core with a brown or yellow tint. Wood has a pronounced cedar fragrance and an oily surface. The contrast between the early and late zones is clearly visible.

Cedar wood texture has an average size. At the cedar middle-aged straight fibers. A brown lines are noticeable at the Himalayan cedar on the longitudinal cut. The appearance of the cedar wood has distinctive features that they make it unusually interesting and beautiful.

Sample Cedar Wood Texture

Mechanical properties of cedar wood

In its physicomechanical indicators, the cedar wood takes place between the fir and fir. Although it is more resistant to the processes of infancy. Being soft, the cedar wood at the same time very durable.

Hardness

The hardness of the side surface of the cedar is lower than the end 40%. On the Brinell scale, this tree refers to the discharge of soft and its hardness is 4 HV. Although its strength is estimated quite high.

Due to its softness, but the strength in the joinery case of cedar wood makes products that will be subjected to significant loads. Evaluation of cedar for these properties 5.

Burnage temperature and cedar calorific value

From the cedar, not the best firewood. They have no big heat, and their resininess can also spoil the chimney. But at the same time firewood from cedar is very long. Although they have low calorific value and its indicator at the level of 4.3 kW / hour.

According to flammability, cedar refers to the discharge of unstable wood. The fire resistance index does not exceed 1.1 - 1.5. The specific calorific value of the cedar is close. The greater in the moisture tree, the hardest it flared up. The average variant of the calorific value of the cedar, which was maximally dried, can be from 4907 to 4952 calories.

Solitude

Cedar is a beautiful powerful tree, which is still growing hardwood, other trees and air next to them. And as a wood, he brings an invaluable benefit to a person and is used by him, practically without a balance. Wood assessment, given its appearance and all characteristics 5.

Selection of such material as cedar board, pine or aspen - the task is very responsible. In such a way, a person is quite simple to make mistakes in such a business, so before you start buying a lumber to become familiar with this article.

What is the board - aspen, cedar and others

Recognize the sawn timber in characteristic color and drawing. Of course, to distinguish, for example, the Christmas tree from pine can only specialist, but here is the aspen board and color, and in structure it will be noticeably different from them. They differ in properties. The boards made of coniferous woods, unlike the aspen, are not suitable for finishing the steamings, as they will highlight the resin for a long time. Secondly, the price difference can reach several times. So, how to determine which board before you and why is it used?

Cedar board. In fact, the boards that are referred to as cedar is very rarely made from the real cedar. The fact is that in Russia the cedar is called Siberian cedar pine, which, by and large has nothing to do with a real cedar, growing, for example, in Lebanon. But the material from this tree is almost impossible to find, and the price will be, to put it mildly, rather big. To distinguish the boards from the Siberian cedar from ordinary pine unprofessional is quite difficult. It is believed that the wood has a little reddish, but this is unfortunately not always. Therefore, the most reliable way to recognize "cedar" is to sniff it. The smell should be very bright and persistent. However, to accurately make sure that you are not pine, it is best to go to buy, take a specialist with you.

Unlike other conifers, wood cedar Not amenable to rotting, and in strength can be compared with stone or metal. The cedar board is not lit, and one of the main enemies of wood - the beetles-tree-bodies - simply bypassed her face. The board density from the Siberian cedar is small, so it is impossible to make any responsible structures.

Pine board along with fir - the most popular sawn timber. As a rule, on the building bases such boards are sold in advance - that is, or spruce and pine can be caught in you. Many experts believe that spruce is still preferable, since it is less susceptible to rotting and better saves the accumulated heat. You can distinguish lumber from these two breeds of wood by the number of bitch - they will be much smaller on spruce boards than pine. The scope of them in the construction is extensive. Of them make formwork, rafters, dohes, and draft floors. In addition, the wood pine and ate is the most popular material for the manufacture of various molding (platbands, plinths, layouts, etc.), window and door blocks, and lining.

Osin board. Most often, such boards are used to finish bathrooms, since they, in contrast to conifer, do not emit resin when heated. In addition, lumber from aspen do not rot in a humid environment, as well as, according to many experienced banknies, "take" old couples. You can distinguish such wood not only on a more dense than the fir and pine structure and white color, but also lightly, slightly bitter odor. However, they need to sniff to the aspen - if it has a shade of vanilla, it means that the tree began to rot.

Marking of boards and their varieties

To determine the variety of one or another coniferous cutting board or bar there are special norms. They include the number of bitch, cracks, wormochin and other defects. The highest, the so-called "zero" variety implies their complete absence, so it is very rare on sale and is expensive. Dimensions of boards and bars both higher and other varieties can be different - from 22x100 to 250x300 mm.

In the boards of the first grade, a number of "live" bitch is allowed, however, other defects, according to regulations, must be absent. The lumber of the second and third grades can have the entry of wood from the core of the tree. In addition, the so-called mushroom sound spots may be found in the third-core wood, that is, areas infected with tin-turning and tree-painting microorganisms. There is also wood and fourth grade, but it is not recommended to be applied in construction. On sale you can meet the so-called unedged boards. They can be distinguished by oblave (bark residues) at the edges. Sorting such boards is not carried out.

Hardwood wood is divided into the first, second and third grade of the board. In general, the 1st grade board should be as high quality as the coniferous "zero". The 2 grade board, therefore, approximately corresponds to the first-class conifer, and 3 varieties are second-rate. Find out what exactly the sawn timber will help and label. The highest grade (for coniferous sawn timber) is marked with one horizontal strip.

And for conifers, and for deciduous materials, the first, second and third grade is indicated by one, two or three dots or vertical stripes, respectively.

Types of boards - variety of material

In addition to edged and unedged boards, other materials can be found on sale:

• Lining;
• batten;
• block house;
• imitation of timber.

Consider each of them in more detail.

The lining is a t-shirt, polished from one or both sides, with a thickness of 12.5 to 22 mm. Separate elements of this lumber are joined among themselves according to the principle of "spike in the groove". It can be both industrial and (less often) natural drying. The lining is used to finish the ceilings and walls both inside and outside the premises.

Floor board - Pine, aspen, etc. Unlike the lining has a greater thickness (from 28 to 40 mm). Polished, as a rule, only from the front side. A special grooves are made on the "involve" of the sexed grooves, designed to remove the voltage from the wood during operation. Unlike the lining, the groove in which it is in spike not to the end, thereby forming the pattern of the coating, separate floorboards are fixed close to each other, without any gaps.

Imitation of a bar and block cham. Just like the lining, these lumber are intended for cladding of walls and join the same principle, the difference consists only in the profile of the associates themselves. After installation, the coating of the simulation of a bar resembles a wall of a real planed timber with a rectangular cross section. If the blockochus is used for finishing, the wall will turn out exactly the same as from the rounded log.

So, having understood with varieties and varieties of sawn timber, you can confidently go for the purchase, without fearing to be deceived. The saying that knowledge is strength is relevant in this case.

Pine cedar, cedar - King Forests

Siberian or cedar pine

Clear January day. Snow-sparkling snow blinds eyes, and around such silence, as if the whole world was plunged into a heavy dust sleep. And guard this dream terrible warriors- Majestic Siberian cedar. With the epic rock, towering in the middle of the green ocean, at the form of which "the hat itself rolls from the ball from the respect", compared Leonid Maksimovich Leonov is an amazing tree. The scientific name is- Siberian pine. Real ceders- Lebanese, Himalayan, Atlas, Cyprus- grow in North Africa, Himalayas; In the Middle East and on the island of Cyprus. These are powerful trees- With a very valuable, nice smelling wood, on the shortened shoots of which the cheops are located 30-40 pieces. Why is Siberian Sosina are often called a cedar? Yes, for a special one, longevity, impressive sizes, fragrant wood: The pioneers of Siberia and North America. Any tree with pleasantly smelling wood in simplicity of cardiac called the cedar.

Contemporanik A. S. Pushkin, Expert of Siberian forests, Naturalist and local history V. Dmitriev in the article "Siberian Cedar" in 1818, enthusiastically wrote: "Sweet, places beloved by the Sun, proud, Lebanese heights, their cedars: without seeing you in my fatherland At Matteur, the land, Russia belonging, not dare and magnify you, but in the eyes of my shady cedar the rich Siberia will not give way to you in the beauties and I will replace you. What Majesty in the posture of this tree, what a sacred shadow in the dense of the forests of it! .. "

Siberian pine is significantly different from ordinary pine, although they are close relatives. One of the differences concerns seeds: in the pine, they are small, with wings, while Kedra Sibirsky has all the famous nuts. The painting of their brown, they are covered with peel and thin inner shell, under which there is a white oily core. In a large chish, there are more than a hundred seeds.

The second difference touches the needles: the Kedra needles is longer, lasts longer on the tree, and in one bundle there are 5 cups, while the pine is ordinary- two two. Cedar features a more powerful cone-shaped dark green crown. Yes, and he lives in one and a half or twice longer- up to 800-850 years.

Siberian pine height 35-43 meters. The trunk of her brown-gray, in old trees bark fractured. The shoots of yellow-brown, covered with long red hairs. The root system is formed depending on the nature of the soil and soil.

In the end of spring pine cedar dust and at this time looks particularly elegant: the raspberry color men's spikelets are well visible against the background of dark green needles in the middle and lower parts of the crown. And at the top of women's cones, oval, purple, assembled 2-7 pieces of the end kidney escape. In the plantings sometimes there are trees only with male spikelets. Painting happens with wind. In September of the next year, cones with seeds ripen, the form of which can be ovoid, elongated-egg-shaped, cylindrical or cone-shaped. Outside, the seeds are covered with durable scales strung on a thick rod.

Cedar Siberian winter films, thanks to which it comes far to the north. His artificial landings can be found in the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, in particular in the Solovetsky Islands, the island of Valaam.

At the same time, the Siberian Giant is undemanded to the soil, successfully transfers both excess and lack of moisture, but prefers areas with sufficient moisture, therefore it grows well at the origins and the valleys of rivers.

Pine cedar plays an important role in the native complex of Siberia.

It has been established that the drains in kedrals are several times more than in other forests. It is not surprising that water filtered by cedar arrays are supplied with water Baikal, powerful Siberia Rivers feed.- Ob, Yenisei, Lena.

In addition, the forests of Siberian Siberian reliably guard the soil, especially the mountain, from erosion. Cedar arrays located on the mountain slopes of Southern Siberia play a crucial role in the formation of biological and climatic processes. So, they are rich in every living nature. During the years of abundant seed yields, the number of sable and proteins increases sharply. Forest inhabitants- Caucas, Sking, Squirrels, Chipmunks- Imagined deftly extract nuts from the cones. And the bears, holding the shroud of the paw, the scales are jerking, the nuts are exposed and they go to the mouth without interference.

The existence of 70 types of mammals, 200 species of birds, many types of insects is connected with cedaras. About the bird cedar should be said especially: feeding the seeds of Siberian pine and making reserves for the winter, it contributes to the cedar resettlement. According to experts, if he had no such reliable partner, he could hardly continue to the present day.

Much benefits a person from this unique beautiful tree. From cedar gils make a widely known cedar balm used in instrument making, as well as turpentine, rosin, varnishes, camphor.

Siberian wood wood- Light, light, durable, convenient in processing, non-decisive,- It is used in the production of pencils, drawing boards, musical instruments. The first on the high resonant qualities of the wood cedar was performed by the Germans. German trading firms purchased in Russia cedar oil, suddenly demanded to export it in a cedar wood container, and the thickness of the tare boards increase almost twice. Subsequently, it turned out that when the boxes with oil went to Germany, they were very careful, the cedar boards were sent to the factory of musical instruments. Thanks to this, trading firms for the sale of cedar oil had a very significant additional income.

Cedar trees, highlighting essential oil with bactericidal properties, improve the air, give it a swelling fragrance. In the dishes made of cedar wood, long does not sharpen milk, and in the chests of cedar boards, mole will not start. The inhabitants of the pre-rules have long preferred to finish the housing Siberian, a significant thickness of the tree allowed to receive broad boards suitable for the manufacture of one-piece doors. In many cities of Siberia and Urals- Turinsk, Tyumen, Tobolsk, Tomsk- The buildings are preserved, decorated with intricate wooden lace, carved from cedar boards. And in one of the temples of Tobolsk from cedar was built iconostasis.

In the needle pine cedar a lot of ascorbic acid, macro and trace elements. It makes vitamin flour and a carotine paste used in animal husbandry. From the cedar bark, a resistant brown dye is obtained, tanning substances extract, make heat insulating plates.

But, perhaps, the most significant seeds of pine seeds cedar, delicious and nutritious. They contain 60% percent of pre-red golden-yellow oil having food and technical significance, up to 20 percent of the protein, according to the amino acid composition of the reminiscent egg, about 12 percent of carbohydrates, a complex of vitamins, a rich set of macro and microelements. Cedar oil is not inferior in quality to glorifying olive, it is used not only by cooking, but also by artists- Many famous masters ran their paints on him.

Cedar nuts are healing- Help with hypertension and atherosclerosis. And the traditional medicine recommends using not only the nuclei, but also the shell of seeds, the young tops of the shoots, kidneys, a cheva, and ...

It has long been, since Ivan the Terrible, Siberia was the largest supplier of cedar nuts to the global market. According to historians, they were sold to Persia, China, Sweden and other countries. In 1786, Academician P. S. Pallas wrote: "In Switzerland, cedar nuts in pharmacies are used; Of these, milk are made, which is prescribed in breast diseases ... because of the insightful, thin, partly of the balsamic oil, it is better than the almond oars, why they assure that he has been used with the benefit of used people ... "The main suppliers of nuts were Tobolsk and the Yenisei province.

The peoples of Siberia have long been with great respect treated a valuable plant, revered him with the sacred, keeper of good, truth and justice. In the area of \u200b\u200bSurgut (Khanty-Mansiysk National District, Tyumen Region), residents of the new house in the front corner put a small cedar pine pine, saying: "Here is your mother-horse-headed, a warm house and a shaggy cedar!" The tree remained in the house- It was considered the habitat of the house.

According to Evenkiy legend, cedar helps to live honestly and disinterestedly, is a source of strength, beauty and nobility. At the birth of the son of Evenka, the cedar pine sizes sat down, and when the daughter appears- Burizka. In the legends and fairy tales of Nanaysev, the Amur region states that only good spirits are in cedar pine, because she is- The most generous tree. Sharing the importance of this plant, Siberians said: "Taiga Kedrom Live". They believed that if the child was given a handful of cedar nuts every day, he will grow up good well done, and no birth will overcome him.

A lot of mysteries are folded about the cedar pine: "It is worth a shabby, hanging Cudryavo, at the edges of Mokhnato, in a Sadka Sudka!", "Do not bay me, not Lomi me; Clear on me: I have! "

Currently, cedarns occupy about 40 million hectares, or about 5 percent of the territory covered with forests. This allows you to collect 1-1.5 million tons of cedar nuts in Siberia, but there are only about 20 thousand tons. The forester allocated early, large, high-yields of Siberian pine trees. For their breeding, plantations are created, on which cuttings taken from high-yielding plants are vaccinated on young seedlings. The hectare of such plantations gives 500-600 kilograms, and in some cases 1.5-2 tons of nuts.

Cedar's pine plantings begin to appear in the European part of the USSR. However, here the nearest relative - Pine cedar European, brought to the Red Book of the USSR, grows here, this rare relic appearance is found only in the Carpathians. In the Far East, another birthplace of Sibirskaya Siberian - Cedar Korean, characterized by larger cones and cheese, more durable and thick shells of seeds. The forests involving cedar Korean occupy about 4 million hectares in our country. Outside the USSR, the tree grows in the east of China, in Korea and Japan.

V. Artamonov , Candidate of Biological Sciences

(Science and Life number 11, 1989)

Pine cedar, cedar - king of forests

The use of only hardwood in landscaping and landscape design, including amateur gardening, significantly reduces the aesthetic perception of landings. It is completely different, they acquire in combination with evergreen coniferous plants, most of which are characterized by high decorativeness at all times of the year. A good background for coniferous breeds are planting birch, silver IV or poplars, silver cool.

When selecting the assortment of coniferous rocks, their size should be taken into account at the time of maturity, growth rate, requirements for growing conditions. It is necessary to link the landing and with the size of the territory. Rare species and decorative forms are planted with large groups or single. In the case of a group planting, they are planting asymmetrically, seeking three plants to be on one straight line.

Creating an exposure from coniferous or mixed plantings, it is necessary to take into account that coniferous plants are harder than destructive. Young plants are best transplanted in 3-4 years old, which is possible only in amateur gardening.

When transplanting conifers, it should be remembered that they are painfully reacting to the change of orientation. Therefore, in the nursery, seedlings should be noted the southern side to plant them at a permanent place in the same direction. After landing, the plants are abundantly watered, and in the early morning clock and late evening spend the crowns. In a new place, conifers are coming up for several years.

Ceders- Surprisingly beautiful trees. They occupy a special accurate place among the coniferous. It is not by chance that a cedar in the people is called "King Forests", "Boyarin in Green Kaftan." As the legend says, at first the cedars grew only in paradise. When God for the Similarity kicked the first people from Paradise, Adam hid three seeds in the palm- Cedar, cypress and pine. From these seeds allegedly, terrestrial forests were allegedly.

Cedar Siberian (Pinus Sibivica), or Siberian Cedar Pine,- One of the most valuable conifers. This is a rare example of compounds in one decorative tree, winter hardiness, durability and wellness properties. Due to the essential oil, which is contained in the needles, the Siberian cedar has high phytoncidual activity. It is believed that the air of the cedar forest is practically sterile. Even more sterile than allowed by standards for operating rooms. Stay under the cedars strengthens health, temper the will, produces endurance, normalizes blood pressure.

Cedar Siberian grows slowly. In 20 years, it reaches just 2.5-3 m. And only adult cedars turn into majestic trees with a height of up to 40 meters, with a dull vertex. Siberian cedar, landed among the lawn, can become one of the best decorations of the garden and park.

Prefers fertile, well-draned, fresh, lightweight ligal soils. Cedar is frekesting, but in the youth shadower. Winter art, does not tolerate soil and air dryness. The transplant of the Siberian cedar for a permanent place is best to exercise in early spring when the soil flaps, or in early autumn- From mid-August, when the season of vegetation is ends. The period of the spring landing ends at the beginning of the dissolution of the leaves.

The pits diameter should be at least 0.8 m and a depth of 0.6 m. The walls of the pits are made with sheer, and the bottom looped at a depth of 10-15 cm and placed the drainage 7-10 cm. In the bottom of the pit score a wooden number with a thickness of 3- 4 cm and height to the crown. Count is used for garter seedlings. Then the pit to the level of the ground is poured with fertile soil, uniformly mixed with the old humid, peat or compost. Very good in this soil to wash the coniferous litter from the forest. The soil in the backfill seal the legs from the edges of the pit to the center, when adding water so that in the future there is no significant sedimentation. The filling of the pit is completed by the land of the Earth, which put a seedling, orient it on the sides of the world. The seedling as close as possible attach to the slanting cola, the roots gently lay on the sides so that none of them is directed upwards. When dried up the soil, the plant is slightly shaken so that the land evenly filled the emptiness between the roots. The root neck of the planted tree must be covered with the earth and be approximately 3-5 cm above the soil level, because The loose land, which is covered by the pit will soon be asced together with the tree about the same magnitude. Around the planted tree is arranged a watering groove with raised edges, covering it housing (underwear from the coniferous forest) by 10-15 cm.

Even if the landing was produced into a wet soil, irrigated, because It contributes to the best adherence of the soil to the roots. The irrigation rate is approximately 25 liters per tree. In the last portion of water, one bag of Kornin should be dissolved (stimulant root growth). With a linear planting of trees, the distance between them should be 3-5 meters, with group accommodation- 2-5 meters.

Very important!

When planting and growing coniferous plants, the following rules must be followed:

When transporting seedlings to the landing site, make sure that in no case do not heal the root system;

When landing, it is impossible to use fresh manure;

It is impossible to allow spring and autumn flooding of the soil in the landing pit;

Do not overwork and do not fill the earthen com;

When landing and up to the complete suggestion of seedlings, coniferous plants are not feeding with mineral fertilizers, because It slows down the growth of the roots;

And last. If you want to grow beautiful and healthy conifers on your site, especially cedar, constantly replenish your knowledge. As desktop books I can recommend: "Decorative gardening for lovers and professionals." Moscow, 2001; "Cedar. Healer Mighty and Perfect. Moscow- St. Perceganburg, 2005, "whose advice I constantly use.

Evgeny Kobov

Pine cedar: Experience in growing cedar Siberian

The best conditions for breeding cedar are folded on fresh and wet sampling and drum soils in the zone of coniferous and mixed forests. The best growth of cedar is noted on more fertile gray forest soils. To grow a cedar of Siberian, it is preferable to use seeds, prepared in Altai's lowlands, Kuznetsky Alatau and Sayan.

A feature of the mineral nutrition of Siberian cedar is a pretty strong need for potassium. Excess nitrogen in the soil oppressively affects the development of its root system.

Cedar slowly grows at a young age, significantly inferior in the speed of growth with local deciduous and coniferous rocks. Spruce, significantly surpassing cedar Siberian on shadowability, is able to actively grow under its canopy. Therefore, the landing of the cedar of Siberian is undesirable near the plantings of ate. In the landscape plantings, Cedar Siberian is well combined with birch, however, the trees should be planted at a distance excluding the inhibitory effect of birch on cedar, because Birosis dries the soil and hides the cedar crown, knocking down shoots.

Fully implementing its biological potential Cedar Siberian can only on the square, with good crown illumination. When laying such plants, the recommended distance between the trees is at least 8 m. It is preferable to use well-developed seedlings grown in containers with a closed root system. Such plants have a developed intact root system, feel good and actively grow from next year after landing.

When growing seedlings in containers, the root system is very twisted, so before planting it is necessary to straighten the roots. If this is not done and planting cedars with soil lump, they grow worse and are short-lived.

The root seedlock system should be freely placed in the landing poison without bending the ends of the roots. Given the surface nature of the propagation of the root system at Cedar Siberian, the roots should be placed within the upper fertile layer of the soil. It is unwanted to make the soil in the landing pit. Much festive soil on the plot, otherwise the cedar roots will not go beyond the landing pit, and the moles attracted by the abundance of rainwrites will damage the roots of the seedling. When planting a cedar in a heavy clay soil, taking into account the aerobity of its root system, it is necessary to add sand into the landing pit.

It is not necessary when landing a cedar for formation on the roots of mycorrhiza to make a forest litter from coniferous plantings into the soil. It contains the larvae of pests insects and causative agents of diseases, many of which are common to spruce, pines and cedar.

Our studies of the cultures of Cedar Siberian showed that the active part of the root system (small suction roots) at the cedar is located directly under the forest underlining. Therefore, when planting a cedar, it is necessary to mulch the soil surface to maintain high fertility and good aeration of its upper layer. The best mulch is a litter and a leaf opead from deciduous hardwood. In such a substrate, the activities of soil animals and microorganisms are active. It contains mycelium mushrooms- Symbiontes that improve the mineral nutrition of the cedar of Siberian and protecting its root system from pathogens of the root sponge and other diseases.

The mulch layer retains moisture in the upper layer of the soil, which is especially important when growing a cedar on the lungs of sulesa, and on heavy clay soil protects its root system from squeezing in winter. It is necessary to add a layer of mulch every year to stimulate the formation of the cedar of the apparent roots that increase its growth.

In the arid periods are mandatory cedar watering to maintain the humidity of the top layer of the soil. It is also desirable to periodically spray the crown of young cedar with water in the evening clock to remove dust and improve gas exchange through the dust in the chewing.

Careful accounting of biological features of the species will allow you to accelerately grow the productive asges of the Siberian cedar in the middle lane of Russia.

The author happened more than once in an age-old cedar grove, which remained on the site of the old nobility manor. The thin aroma of cedar resin is remembered for a long time and a soft, but powerful hum, which is published by the cedars when the chewing in lush kronech dissect the air flow. Spacidious crowns start almost from the earth itself. Large cones on the lower branches can be taken by hand. An indelible impression is produced by these Siberian beauties against the background of the scenery of Central Russia. I want to come again and again to this place. But such landings of the cedar of Siberian- Right rarity in the middle lane of Russia.

Gardeners and land owners can contribute to the conservation of Cedar Siberian and expanding its landing, growing these wonderful trees in their sites.

Alexander Borisovich Ageev , Candidate of C / X, Kaluga

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Walnut seedlings Look in the section "Nurseries. Saplings"