Alyabyeva Daria - 11 "A" class
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Tso №1430, 11 "A" class
annotation
Prevention of dental diseases is prevention and development of oral diseases. The introduction of prevention programs leads to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the caries of teeth and periodontal diseases, a significant decrease in cases of teeth loss to young age and an increase in the number of children with intact teeth.
Purpose of research
Teach the hygienic skills to clean the teeth of children of younger school age.
Studying and analysis of sociological, technical, medical and scientific literature on the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity, using a mathematical, sociocial method.
- A learning manual was created in the form of a multimedia disk on the topic "Healthy teeth" in the POWER POINT program using the features of this program: the introduction of sound, multimedia rollers, pictures. This manual can be used in the lessons of environmental education, as well as the disc can be used by class managers for conducting thematic hours.
- Within the framework of the project, students of the second classes of the Center of Education No. 1430 in the amount of 54 people (7-8 years) were divided into 2 groups (27 people): observations and comparisons. For students of the observed group, a sanitary lecturer "Healthy teeth" was developed for learning the skills of oral hygiene.
- For students of the observed group, a sanitary lesson was conducted on the topic "Healthy teeth".
- Survey of students in the observation group and comparison group on the hygiene index of Fedorov-Volodkina were examined. The inspection was carried out visually after the use of the drug "Dynal". After 2 weeks, a re-examination was conducted.
- Conducted processing and analysis of research.
conclusions
Given the fact that the intensity of the main dental diseases in children among younger school age is quite high, the knowledge and conduct of preventive measures is of great importance.
An important step is the motivation of children. Classes with children should be carried out regularly to teach the skills of oral hygiene.
Thus, for improving the dental health of children, there are no efforts of specialists, but also society as a whole. There should be public opinion that it is also necessary to take care of the health of the oral cavity, as well as the beauty of your appearance.
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Forum of youth talents:
Competition of young researchers
programs "Step to Future" in the Central
federal District of the Russian Federation,
Moscow open conference
schoolchildren "NTTM Moscow 2011"
PROJECT
"Prevention of dental diseases in students of primary school age"
Scientific advisors: D.M., Professor Prokhonchukov Alexander Alekseevich
Scientific Director: Alyabyeva Natalia Mikhailovna - Teacher IIT
Moscow, 2011.
Project Topic: " Prevention of dental diseases in students of primary school age»
Tso №1430, 11 "A" class
annotation
Justification of the choice of direction
Prevention of dental diseases is prevention and development of oral diseases. The introduction of prevention programs leads to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the caries of teeth and periodontal diseases, a significant decrease in cases of teeth loss to young age and an increase in the number of children with intact teeth.
Purpose of research
Methods of research
Studying and analysis of sociological, technical, medical and scientific literature on the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity, using a mathematical, sociocial method.
Results of research
- A learning manual was created in the form of a multimedia disk on the topic "Healthy teeth" in the POWER POINT program using the features of this program: the introduction of sound, multimedia rollers, pictures. This manual can be used in the lessons of environmental education, as well as the disc can be used by class managers for conducting thematic hours.
- Within the framework of the project, students of the second classes of the Center of Education No. 1430 in the amount of 54 people (7-8 years) were divided into 2 groups (27 people): observations and comparisons. For students of the observed group, a sanitary lecturer "Healthy teeth" was developed for learning the skills of oral hygiene.
- D. "Healthy teeth".
- Survey of students in the observation group and group of comparisons on the hygiene indexFedorova-Volodkinoth. The inspection was carried out visually after the use of the drug "Dynal". After 2 weeks, a re-examination was conducted.
- Conducted processing and analysis of research.
conclusions
Main part
Justification of the choice of direction
Prevention of dental diseases is prevention and development of oral diseases. The introduction of prophylactic programs leads to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the caries of teeth and periodontal diseases, a significant decrease in cases of teeth loss in young age and an increase in the number of children with intact teeth.
One of the paths of preventing dental diseases is the correct cleaning of the teeth.
Purpose of research
Teach the hygienic skills to clean the teeth of children of younger school age.
Research tasks
- Get acquainted with the methods of preventing diseases of the oral cavity.
- Get acquainted with the methods of proper cleaning of teeth.
- Develop a sanitary lessonhygiene oral cavity.
- Conduct a survey withmethods for estimating the hygiene of the oral cavity in the index of hygiene Fedorov-Volodkina.
The relevance of the problem
According to WHO, 92% of the world's population does not know how to brush their teeth.
The high prevalence and intensity of the caries of teeth and periodontal diseases causes particular relevance to the problem and prevention of these diseases. The prevalence of caries of teeth in children in different regions of Russia ranges from 60 to 95%. The prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the periodontal in school children reaches 80%. Prevention of dental diseases is prevention and development of oral diseases.
The lack of preventive measures in preschool and school institutions, the lack of school dental offices leads to the occurrence of diseases of the oral cavity.
Research Article
Introduction The high prevalence and intensity of the caries of teeth and periodontal diseases causes particular relevance to the problem and prevention of these diseases. The prevalence of caries of teeth in children in different regions of Russia ranges from 60 to 95%. The prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the periodontal in school children reaches 80%. Prevention of dental diseases is prevention and development of oral diseases. The introduction of prophylactic programs leads to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the caries of teeth and periodontal diseases, a significant decrease in cases of teeth loss in young age and an increase in the number of children and adolescents with intact teeth. The cost of prophylactic methods, on average, 20 times lower than the cost of the treatment of already arising dental diseases.
The dental incidence in our country is large enough, and should be expected to further increase it if the conditions affecting the development of the disease should be expected in a favorable direction.
Materials and methods. Within the framework of the project, training and testing of students of the second classes of the Education Center No. 1430 were conducted. Students in the amount of 54 people (7-8 years) were divided into 2 groups (27 people): observations and comparisons. For students of the observed group, a sanitary lesson was conducted on the topic:"Healthy teeth". Then a survey on the index of hygieneFedorov-Volodkina. The inspection was carried out visually after the use of the drug "Dynal". Two weeks later, and then a month later, a re-examination was conducted.An analysis of sociological, technical, medical and scientific literature on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the oral disease was used to work using mathematical and socialogical methods.
Methods for the prevention of major dental diseases:
1) dental education of the population;
2) training rules of rational nutrition;
3) teaching the rules of hygienic care for the oral cavity;
4) endogenous use of fluorine preparations;
5) the use of local prevention agents;
6) Secondary Prevention (Sanation of the Oral Oral).
Dental education methods are conversations, lectures, seminars, health lessons, games, etc.
Methods providing for the participation of the population of the population are called active. Their advantage is the immediate relationship and the interaction of a specialist and the audience, which ensures the best effect of exposure.
Methods that do not require active participation of the population are called passive.
They do not require the presence of a medical worker, they affect a long time and to a large audience. The disadvantage is the absence of feedback between patients and a specialist.
Dental education depending on the number of population involved in educational work, divided into 3 organizational forms: mass, group, individual.
Stages that need to overcome any person to generate a useful habit: Knowledge \u003d\u003e Understanding \u003d\u003e belief \u003d\u003e Skill \u003d\u003e Habit.
Learning rules of rational nutrition.To form a teeth resistant to caries, one of the main conditions is full in high-quality and quantitative nutrition of a pregnant woman, including dairy products, minerals, vitamins, vegetables, fruits.
The emergence and progression of caries of teeth in the population contributes to the following food features:
High content in food easily fermented carbohydrates, especially sugar;
An increase in the frequency of food intake;
Reducing food consumption requiring intensive chewing, which leads to an increase in the current of saliva and the "natural purification of the oral cavity";
Reducing food intake contributing to the inhibiting caries of teeth.
Individual oral hygiene.Individual hygiene provides for a thorough and regular removal of dental sediments from the surfaces of the teeth and the gums by the patient himself using various hygiene.
There are many teeth cleaning methods. One of them is the standard method of cleaning teeth Pakhomov G.N. It consists in the following: cleaning of teeth starting from a plot in the field of the upper right chewing teeth, consistently moving from the segment to the segment. In the same order, clean the teeth on the lower jaw.
When cleaning vestibular and oral surfaces of molars and premolars, a toothbrush is located at an angle of 45º to the teuba and produce cleansing movements from the gums to the tooth. Chewing surfaces of the teeth are cleaned with horizontal movements. When cleaning the oral surface, the handle of the brush is perpendicular to the occlusal plane of the teeth. Finish cleaning with circular motions.
The main tool for cleaning the teeth is toothbrush.
There are 5 degrees of rigidity of toothbrushes: very hard, hard, medium, soft, very soft. The most widely applied brushes to the average degree of rigidity.
Toothpicks are designed to remove food residues from interdental intervals and dental plates from the side surfaces of the teeth.
Fluses are designed to carefully remove dental plates and food residues from hard to reach the brush of the contact surfaces of the teeth.
Toothpastes should well remove a soft dental flare, residues; To be pleasant to taste, possess good deodorizing and refreshing effects and not have side effects: ceiling and allergenic.
The most popular medical and prophylactic agent are fluorine-containing toothpastes. The flow of fluoride into the enamel of the teeth increases its resistivity to acid demineralization due to the formation of more resistant to the dissolution of structures.
Dental pastes containing in their composition of stone phosphates, sodium, calcium and sodium glycera phosphates, calcium gluconate, zinc oxide, have a pronounced anticipathy effect.
Recently, therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes are widely used, which include several medicinal plants (sage, peppermint, chamomile, echination, etc.).
Chewing gum is a means of improving the hygienic state of the oral cavity due to an increase in the amount of saliva and the speed of salivation, which contributes to the purification of the surface of the tooth and neutralization of organic acids, isolated by the bacteria of the dental plaque.
Dental elixirs are designed to rinse the oral cavity. They improve the cleansing of the surfaces of the teeth, prevent the formation of a dental plaque, deodorize the oral cavity.
Output. In the absence of prevention programs on the population level relative to the low lesibility of the teeth with a caries and an easy degree of periodontal disease in children and adolescents, in adults in adults in a rather severe form, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the need for therapeutic, surgical and orthopedic treatment.
Practical part
- The topic of learning prevention of dental diseases is relevant for school students. On this topic, a full information review was made, both library material and the Internet materials. The achievements and prospects have been studied. The most interesting, from our point of view, aspects are presented in a multimedia learning manual.
A learning manual in the form of a multimedia disk on the topic "Healthy teeth" was created in the POWER POINT program using the features of this program: the introduction of sound, pictures, video. This manual can be used for prevention and training of oral hygiene skills.
- Within the framework of the project, students of the second classes of the Center of Education No. 1430 in the amount of 54 people (7-8 years) were divided into 2 groups (27 people): observations and comparisons. For students of the observed group, a sanitary lecturer "Healthy teeth" was developed for learning the skills of oral hygiene. The plan and course of the lesson are represented in Appendix 1.
- D. the student of the observed group was conducted a sanitary lesson on the topic"Healthy teeth".
- A survey of students in the observation group and in the comparison group on the hygiene indexFedorova-Volodkinoth. The inspection was carried out visually after the use of the drug "Dynal". Two weeks later, a re-examination was conducted. As a test of hygienic treatment of teeth, the painting of the six lower front teeth with iodine iodine-potassium solution is used (potassium iodide - 2 g; iodine crystalline - 1 g; distilled water - 40 ml).
Quantitative estimate is made on a five-point system:
staining the entire surface of the tooth crown - 5 points;
coloring 3/4 surface of the crown of the tooth - 4 points;
coloring 1/2 of the surface of the tooth crown - 3 points;
coloring 1/4 of the surface of the tooth crown - 2 points;
no staining of the surface of the tooth crown - 1 point.
Dividing the amount of points to the number of examined teeth, the oral hygiene is obtained (hygiene index - ig).
The calculation is made by the formula:
Ig \u003d ki (amount of estimates of each tooth) / n
where: ig is a common cleaning index; Ki - hygienic index cleaning of one tooth;
n is the number of examined teeth [usually 6].
The quality of oral hygiene is assessed as follows:
good ig - 1.1 - 1.5 points;
satisfactory ig - 1, 6 - 2.0 points;
unsatisfactory ig - 2.1 - 2.5 points;
bad ig - 2.6 - 3.4 points;
very bad ig - 3.5 - 5.0 points.
With regular and proper care, the hygiene index within 1.1-1.6 points; The value of ig 2.6 and more points indicates the absence of regular care of the teeth.
Fig.1. Determination of the hygiene index on Fedorov-Volodkina.
The results of the survey conducted after the lesson "Healthy teeth" showed that a good indicator of oral hygiene (IG) - 1.1 points was determined in 2 students. Assessment satisfactory ig - 1, 6 - 2.0 points received 5 students. Unsatisfactory IG - 2.1 - 2.5 points was defined by 13 people. Bad ig - 2.6 - 3.4 points recorded in 4 people. Very bad ig - 3.5 - 5.0 points - in 3 guys. (Fig. 2)
Fig.2. Evaluation of the quality of oral hygiene in Fedorov-Volodkina in the observation group immediately after the sanitary lesson.
In the comparison group on the day of the sanitary lesson, students were also conducted. A good index of oral hygiene (IG) - 1.1 points was determined in 1 person. Assessment satisfactory ig - 1, 6 - 2.0 points received 5 students. Unsatisfactory IG - 2.1 - 2.5 points was defined by 11 people. Bad ig - 2.6 - 3.4 points recorded in 8 people. Very bad ig - 3.5 - 5.0 points - in 2 guys. (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. . Assessment of the quality of oral hygiene in Fedorov-Volodkin in the comparison group on the day of the sanitary lesson in the observation group.
2 weeks after the sanitary lesson, "Healthy Teeth" was conducted a re-examination of students in the observation group. A good indicator of oral hygiene (IG) - 1.1 points was defined in 5 students. Assessment satisfactory ig - 1, 6 - 2.0 points received 11 students. Unsatisfactory IG - 2.1 - 2.5 points was defined by 11 people. Bad ig - 2.6 - 3.4 points and a very bad ig was not identified by any of the guys. (Fig. 4).
Fig.4. Assessment of the quality of oral hygiene in Fedorov-Volodkin in the observation group in 2 weeks.
2 weeks after the sanitary lesson, "Healthy teeth" was conducted a re-examination of students in the comparison group. A good indicator of oral hygiene (IG) - 1.1 points was defined in 2 people. Assessment satisfactory ig - 1, 6 - 2.0 points received 6 students. Unsatisfactory IG - 2.1 - 2.5 points was defined in 7 people. Bad ig - 2.6 - 3.4 points recorded in 8 people. Very bad ig - 3.5 - 5.0 points - in 4 guys. (Fig. 5).
Fig.5. Assessment of the quality of oral hygiene in Fedorov-Volodkina in a comparison group in 2 weeks.
Conclusions. As a result of the survey, it can be argued that children in the comparison group and in the observation group do not know how to properly brush their teeth. On average, the guys recorded a bad estimate of the oral hygiene.
After the sanitary lesson "Healthy teeth" students of the observation group learned (not all!) Clean the teeth correctly. Although there are children with unsatisfactory ig, but bad ig - 2.6 - 3.4 points and a very bad IG was not identified by any of the guys.
Conclusions and conclusion
Given the fact that the intensity of the main dental diseases in children among younger school age is quite high, the knowledge and conduct of preventive measures is of great importance.
An important step is the motivation of children. Classes with children should be carried out regularly to teach the skills of oral hygiene.
Thus, for improving the dental health of children, there are no efforts of specialists, but also society as a whole. There should be public opinion that it is also necessary to take care of the health of the oral cavity, as well as the beauty of your appearance.
Bibliography
- Dentistry of children's age edited by T.F. Grape. Moscow, 1987.
- Guide on therapeutic dentistry edited by A.I. Evdokimova. Moscow, 1967.
- Bazhanov N.N. Dentistry. Moscow, 1984.
- Rybakov A.I., Platonov E.E. Therapeutic dentistry. Moscow, 1968.
- Roznovskaya A.V. Prevention of dental diseases in children. 2007.
- www.rusmg.ru.
- www.stomatolog-24.narod.ru.
Appendix 1. Plan and course of the sanitary lesson "Healthy teeth".
Theme lesson: healthy teeth.
Objectives lesson:
Education of informational culture of students, care, accuracy, discipline.
Development of cognitive interests, oral hygiene skills, self-control.
Formation of skill competently state their point of view
Tasks lesson:
- Tell students about the structure of the tooth;
- show students to the importance of the right tooth care of health, tell us about the role of food to preserve teeth healthy, about food, harmful to the health of the teeth.
Equipment: Computer presentation, multimedia projector,
computers, test.
Lesson plan:
Organizing time.
Studying a new material.
Primary consolidation of studied material
Outcome.
Homework.
During the classes:
Organizing time
Greeting, explanation of the course of the lesson. Setting goals and tasks for students.
Explanation of the new material. On the blackboard there is no lesson theme.
View the presentation to the lesson.
[Slide 1]. Now we have to solve a riddle, and solving it will know the keyword, this will be the subject of the lesson.
Guys, did your teeth hurt?
[Slide 2]. Expecting a cartoon fragment: "Brave Bird Tari".
[Slide 3] guys. What fairy tales do you know in which the main character hurt your teeth?
Poem B.P. Kornilova (passage).
After watching the cartoon, a brief conversation is held that the children know about the care of their teeth, whether they can care for their teeth, about food that is useful or harmful to teeth.
[Slide 5]. Tooth structure.
[Slide 6]. Individual hygiene.
- It is a thorough daily removal from the surface of the teeth and gums of dental sediments using various hygiene. Teeth need to be cleaned at least 3 minutes 2 times a day - in the morning and evening.
[Slide 7]. Proper cleaning of teeth.
Teeth must be cleaned after each meal. According to the World Health Organization, 92% of the population of the Earth can not brush their teeth.
[Slide 8]. Toothpaste.
The most popular medical and prophylactic means are fluoride-containing toothpastes. Fluorides increase the stability of teeth to acids that are formed after meals. These pastes are recommended for children and adults for the prevention of caries of teeth.
Systematic teeth cleaning, the removal of soft dental deposits contribute to the process of forming the enamel of teeth. Regular gum massage activates metabolic processes, improves blood circulation in gum tissues.
[Slide 9]. All the guys should be remembered that to maintain dental health and prevent dental diseases:
- effective oral hygiene;
- restriction of consumption of sugar-containing products;
- use of fluorides;
- regular visit of the dentist.
Summing up the total lesson. So, our lesson comes to an end. Let's analyze that today we managed to do today:
Homework. Summarize. Repeat the rules for teeth care.
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A problem of the reception to the dentist turned to the dentist for a preventive inspection. From anamnesis: 1 Pregnancy, weekly, notes the presence of morning nausea, refusal to receive meat products. For a period of 7-8 weeks, IVI suffered. Medicinal preparations did not accept. Notes the bleeding of the gums when cleaning the teeth.
Among key risk factors for the occurrence of early childhood, the kid's early infection is called. The main source of infection, as a rule, is his mother and other family members who are closely in close contact with the child. Therefore, the dental status of the mother (including during pregnancy), it is necessary to consider when assessing the risk of the occurrence of caries of teeth in children of younger.
Pregnant women have one of the highest risks of the main dental diseases - caries of teeth and inflammatory periodontal diseases. In the physiological course of pregnancy, the prevalence of caries of the teeth is 91.4 ± 0.7%, periodontal tissue diseases are found in 90% of cases, the defeat of previously intact teeth (with the predominant acute course of the carious process) - in 38% of pregnant patients
The emergence of these problems is associated with well-defined reasons: a change in the hormonal background during pregnancy leads to a violation of blood circulation in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The clinical signs of gingivitis clearly correlate with the level of progesterone in the blood at this time. Changes in the tone of the vegetative nervous system and vascular pathologies in the gums associated with the disruption of calcium exchange, hypovitaminosis C, A, E and the disorder of the function of the parachitoid glands.
The presence of local factors. There are changes in the composition of the dental target: more often there are periodontopotogenic types of bacteria (рrevotella intermedia, Bacteroides subspecies, etc.), capable of replaceable for their lively food nutrition Naphtoan hormones that are in significant quantities in the gantry fluid during pregnancy. Exacerbates the situation of soreness and bleeding gums. As a rule, because of this, pregnant women cease to brush their teeth and use solid food. This leads to deposition of a dental deposit, deterioration of the hygienic state of the oral cavity and, as a result, to the progression of pathological processes in periodontal and the development of caries of teeth.
During pregnancy, the need for nutrients, vitamins and minerals is always increasing, including two to four times the need for calcium increases. However, very often pregnant women have a deficit of this most important trace element. And calcium necessary for the formation of a skeleton, the child takes away from the maternal organism. The lack of calcium in the blood in the mother leads to the activation of the process of resorption of its own bones, which contributes to their increased fragility and deformation. Among the first is the bone tissue of the upper and lower jaws. Alveolar processes, creating a hole of the tooth, lose calcium, which ultimately contributes to the development of periodontitis. Teeth also lose calcium.
Often the calcium deficiency occurs against the background of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which impede the natural process of suction of this trace element. That is why the lack of calcium can not always be eliminated by rational nutrition or reception of special vitamin and mineral complexes. Toxicosis, accompanied by vomiting, the constant nausea and the absence of appetite also lead to a decrease in the flow of calcium into the body of a pregnant woman.
The growth of the pathogenic microflora also contributes to the development of immunosuppression in the body of a pregnant woman, which makes it more susceptible to the development of pathological processes, including in the oral cavity. It is known that these diseases are danger not only for teeth, but also for the body of a woman as a whole, as well as for the future child. Pathology of teeth and periodontics are chroniaptic foci, of which microorganisms and their livelihoods are distributed throughout the body of a woman, causing complications of pregnancy.
In pregnant women with hidden foci of infection, in 30% of cases, fetal infection is observed. In addition, the presence of caries of teeth from the mother means its increased risk and in a child. Close contact mom and baby in the first months of life leads to child infection with maternal microorganisms. As a result, often the karies develops the karis in the first teething teeth. Therefore, the observation of a pregnant woman is very important, examination of it for predisposition to the main dental diseases, early detection and treatment of caries of teeth and inflammatory diseases of periodontal, as well as professional oral hygiene and specific prophylactic measures.
During the pregnancy, a woman should be examined by a dentist at least four times - in 6-8, 16-18, and weeks. When identifying the risk factors for the development of basic dental diseases (aggressive microflora of the oral cavity, a significant decrease in the remineralizing properties of saliva et al.) The number of inspections is increasing.
For a future mother, it is very important to maintain the hygienic state of the oral cavity at a high level. Therefore, the main task of the dentist is to train rational oral hygiene with the controlled cleaning of the teeth and the individual selection of hygiene. Due to the high risk of developing major dental diseases, they must have maximum anti-infamous and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as be safe for the mother of the mother and its future child.
During visits to a dentist, a woman is carried out professional oral cavity hygiene, as well as conduct or prescribe several courses of remineralizing therapy. The theoretical substantiation of the use of the remineralization method in the prevention and treatment of caries is the preservation of protein matrix teeth in the early stages of caries (caries in stains), whose proteins, interacting with calcium ions and phosphates, contribute to the formation of correctly organized crystallization cores
Studies conducted in the TsNN using immobilized alkaline phosphatases were demonstrated that in the presence of calcium gliderophosphate the process of remineralization proceeds most successfully. Therefore, a remineralizing gel R.O.C.S. can be the drug of choice for remineralizing therapy. Medical Minerals containing calcium gliderophosphate and magnesium chloride.
But only this should not be limited to visiting the dentist. Even before the appearance of the baby, Mom needs to learn how to care for his oral cavity, temporary and constant teeth, and also learn about those preventive measures that will preserve the teeth of a child healthy.
It is known that in the physiological course of pregnancy, the prevalence of caries is 91.4%, periodontal diseases are found in 90% of cases, the defeat of previously intact teeth, mainly with the acute travel of the carious process - in 38% of patients.
Secondary caries, the progression of the carious process, hyperesthesia enamel occur in 79% of pregnant women, while the intensity of the growth of caries is 0.83%. The clinical feature of the flow of the carious process in pregnant women is rapid spread of it not only on the periphery, but also in the depths of the teeth tissues, which in a short time leads to the development of complicated caries.
By the end of the second half of pregnancy, the defeat of periodontal tissues is 100%. Pregnant women are determined by the increased sensitivity of intact teeth to chemical, thermal and mechanical stimuli. With the toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy, the prevalence of caries increases to 94.0%, and the intensity of the lesion depends on the severity of the flow of toxicosis.
The purpose of the prevention of caries of teeth and periodontal diseases in pregnant women: improving the dental status of a woman to carry out the antenatal prevention of the caries of the teeth of children. Events for the prevention of dental diseases during pregnancy should be organized, taking into account the severity of dental diseases and pregnancy.
Factors that violate the full formation of the dental system: the presence of extragationalital pathology in the mother; complications of pregnancy (toxicosis of the first and second half); stressful situations during pregnancy; diseases of newborn and breast childhood; Early artificial feeding.
The main sources of vitamins should be food, as well as the reception of multivitamin preparations - "Decamivit", "Undevit", "Gendevit", etc. The polyvitamin drug with mineral additives "pregright", containing vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6 hydrochloride, B12 Cyanocomplex, Pantotheno-oxid Calcium, Iron Furamat, Anhydrous Calcium Phosphate. With 32 weeks of pregnancy, the appointment of vitamin D3 is necessary in order to prevent the caries of the teeth.
Prognavit is prescribed in the following dosages: up to 4 months of pregnancy - 1 capsule, from 5 to 7 months - 2 capsules, from 8 to 9 months - 3 capsules per day. The drug is especially effective in iron deficiency anemia, to the development of which can lead to a decrease in iron entry into the body with food, impaired its suction, multiplot, long-term breastfeeding.
When conducting preventive and therapeutic dental activities in pregnant women, it is necessary to take into account that a woman should be in a half-day position, since the horizontal position provokes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure in combination with the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, clinically manifested by heartburn, nausea, vomiting, sores, sophisticated . Manipulations should be carried out under the control of heart rate, cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, changes of which are possible at the reception and are due to psycho-emotional stress associated with a dentist and pain in pain.
39
Sections: Biology
Objectives and objectives of the lesson:
- Repeat the material of the past lesson "The structure and function of the oral cavity organs".
- Examine the structure of the tooth, consider the main fabrics, their structure and the functions performed.
- Consider the main causes of dental diseases and their prevention.
- Secure the new material in the course of the laboratory work "The amount of dental plaque before and after cleaning the teeth." Make a conclusion about the need to care for the oral cavity.
Equipment lesson:
- Tables "The structure of the oral cavity", "structure of the tongue", "the structure of the tooth", "the main tissues of the tooth".
- Samples of tap water of different streets of the city, a table with the results of water research.
- X-rays of teeth with different stages of caries.
- Exhibition of hygiene tools for the care of the oral cavity.
- Exhibition of literature on the subject of the lesson.
- Diaprosector, screen, microscopes, slope slots.
During the classes.
1. The introductory word of the teacher on the value of the oral cavity organs for the digestive process.
2. Repetition of the material passed:
Teacher's question: To talk about the structure and functions of the oral bodies:
- language
- salivary glands
- tooth.
Student's story on the table "Language structure".
The language consists of root, body, tip, has taste nipples filamentous, mushroom, leaf-shaped, grave. The language performs the following functions: Determines the temperature and taste of food, mixes food with saliva, ensures the act of swallowing, participates in speech articulation, pagan Almond is involved in immune processes.
Student's story on the table "Orthodox bodies".
A person is distinguished by 3 pairs of salivary glands: near-surround, lifting glands (luminous, paternal, paternal) salivary glands (luminous, paternal) saliva glands; saliva for wetting food and gluing food lumps (contains Muzin enzyme), breaks the starch to disaccharides Disinfect food (enzyme lysozyme).
Student's story on the table "Teeth Building".
The tooth consists of crowns, cervical, root. Inside the tooth is a pulp with nerves and blood vessels. In an adult man 32 tooth, they are divided into cutters, fangs, large and small indigenous. Teeth are used to bite and mechanically grinding food.
Teacher: The formation of teeth begins on the 6-7 week of intrauterine development. The fties of dairy teeth appear on 10 on each jaw. On the 17-18 week, the primitives of constant teeth appear, the process of mineralization of teeth tissues is underway, which continues and after their teething for several years. The first teeth rub on 6-7 months and up to 3 years old, the first teeth of dairy, they are 20. By 12-13, the teeth are changing for permanent, in 18-30 years old "teeth of wisdom" in this way, damaged teeth cannot recover again, Since they were formed during the period of embryonic development.
3. Studying a new material.
- The structure of tissue tooth- Student's story on the table "The main fabrics of the tooth."
Solid tissues:
- enamel - contains 95% of mineral substances, withstands the load up to 400 kg. 1 mm 2. Enamel thickness 0.01 -1.7 mm,
- dentin - 70% of minerals,
- cement - 70.4% of minerals, covers a tooth in the root area.
Soft fabrics:
the pulp - contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, the cells of odontoblasts (the cells of the outer layer of the pulp have long processes, permeateling dentin and reaching the enamel). The pulp regulates the metabolic processes in hard tissues, forms dentin, the nerves transmit pain sensations from the upper layers of dentin to the pulp.
Teacher:Enamel consists of enamel prisms - faceted "cylindrical fibers" with a thickness of 4-7 μm, which go radially from dentin to the surface of the tooth. The prisms are formed from dental infrastructure cells, the function of these cells is completed long before the teething, so the destroyed enamel is not restored. Enamel permeable for many organic and inorganic substances that can penetrate it from the pulp and the oral cavity. The enamel of the cutting teeth is more permeable than enamel adults, and for a number of years she "matures."
It was during this period that the effect of unfavorable (cariesogenic) factors leading to violation of physiological processes, which means to the disease of the teeth.
- Cariesogenic factors:
1 . Lack of fluorine ions (Norm 0.8 - 1mg / l.).
Factor's action: enamel becomes less durable, for the purpose of prevention, water fluorination is used, sodium fluoride receiving 180-250 days, fluorine-containing toothpastes are used.
When considering this factor, the disciples report the results of research work "Determination of the content of fluorine ions in tap water". Samples of tap water were used in different streets of the city. (If the samples do not contain fluorine ions, it is recommended to use fluorine-containing toothpastes).
2. Food residues - a dental flare is formed, which creates a favorable medium for microorganisms, the formation of lactic acid, which causes the dissolution of enamel. To remove a dental target, you need to rinse your mouth or brushing your teeth after meals, limit the reception of carbohydrate food, can be used chewing gum.
When considering this factor, it is appropriate to play a small scene:
Tooth with a flask food: "Again this dental flare!"
Carious monsters run around and begins to drive a dance around the tooth, happily wearing ::
"A, dental flare! How lovely! There is something to get used! "
At this time, turns into turns of a glass with water, toothpaste and brush, chewing gum and carious monsters.
Water glass:
"I will help you, tooth. Rock mouth after meals! " (takes one monster)
Toothpaste and brush: "Brush your teeth after meals - it will help!" (Two monsters lead)
Chewing gum: "And I am the most delicious corrosive protection!" (takes one monster)
3. Smoking It causes the formation of plaque to enamel, due to the temperature difference in the oral cavity, cracks are formed.
It is advisable to abandon smoking or use toothpastes that strengthen enamel.
- Stages of the development of caries - Teacher's story with demonstration of X-rays.
- Changing the appearance of the enamel of the tooth (becomes dull, melovoid).
- The formation of the cavity in the tooth.
- Pulpitis - inflammation of the pulp of the tooth as a result of penetration of microorganisms into the pulp chamber through the carious cavity.
- Periodontitis is the inflammation of the tooth root shell, which causes swelling of soft fabrics of the face, an increase and painfulness of the lymph nodes of the maxillofacial region. Periodontitis can manifest in shape:
osteomyelitis - inflammation of jaw bones,
abscess, phlegmons are purulent foci in soft tooth tissues,
purulent inflammation in the neck, brain abscesses, liver and other organs,
It is possible to death. - Chronic periodontitis - damage in internal organs, decrease in immunity, allergic diseases due to the activities of microorganisms and toxins produced by them.
- Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums due to a dental fly, which accumulated in the necks of the teeth, on the gums, in a sewage pocket. It is manifested by redness of the gums, bleeding the gums when cleaning the teeth.
- Prevention of diseases - Teacher's story for the exhibition of hygienic accessories and literature.
- it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle;
- produce fluorination of tap water;
- systematically visiting the dentist with the aim of preventive inspection of the oral cavity;
- conduct hygienic cavity care: cleaning teeth (3min.):
toothbrush (changes at least 1 time in 3 months),
Toothpaste (hygienic, healing, medical -proofilactic),
toothpick,
dental floss, - refreshment and deodorization:
dental elixir
Mouth cavity deodorant
chewing gum.
Application.
1. Card - instructor for the implementation of the student experiment "Determination of the content of fluorine ions in tap water."
Objectives:
- Determine the concentration of fluorine ions in tap water;
- Hold characteristic reactions to fluorine ions;
- According to the results of the experiment, give recommendations to students about which toothpaste should be used.
Completing of the work:
In 5-6 drops of the investigated solution, 5-6 drops of 2N. Calcium chloride solution. If fluorine ions are present in the solution, the white precipitate for calcium fluoride is formed. Filter the sediment, weighing, we will make calculations and compare the results obtained with the norm - 0.8-1 mg / l.
2. Card - laboratory instructor "Determination of a dental plaque before and after cleaning the teeth."
- Preparation of the drug: in the morning before cleaning teeth and meals, remove the toothpick flare and apply it to the slide, the second above glass is covered.
- Repeat the procedure after cleaning the teeth.
- Consider the first preparation under the microscope, sketch seen.
- Consider the second drug, sketch seen.
- Compare the amount of dental plaque on the first and second preparation, make the appropriate conclusions about the need for hygienic oral care.
Conclusion: According to the results of laboratory work number 2, students conclude that the oral hygiene reduces the risk of dental diseases.
Logo February 9, 2011. International Datologist Dental Districted Diseases This is a group of diseases of the oral cavity, teeth, gums. The most common disease of the teeth is caries. Not treated caries is dangerous with complications (pulpitis, periodontitis). The dental diseases also include periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal), non-carious dental damage (fluorosis, etc.) Facts in Russia in 88% of cases in 6-year-olds, and 85.7% in 15-year-old children have Signs of periodontal diseases: the bleeding of the gums, the dented stone to 35-44 years and 65 years and older in all surveyed (89.5 - 99.5%) are detected by heavier periodontal lesions, with the presence of a toothache and periodontal pockets of various depths. The highest indicators of the need for rehabilitation are marked in the age group of children 6 years, as well as among adults (3544 years and 65 years and older). In the Volgograd region, the prevalence of caries in children is 88%. In an adult population, the arrangement of caries reaches 100%. Caries teeth Caries - a disease of the solid tooth tissues, expressed in the consistent destruction (enamel, dentin, cement), with the formation of cavity. Depending on the degree of lesion, the uncomplicated and complicated caries (pulpitis and periodontitis) caries of dairy teeth are distinguished: the damage to the primary reason for the occurrence of early caries may be the defeat of the dental adventures in the intrauterine period that occurred due to the material suffered by the mother during pregnancy (as well as As a result of admission during this period of certain drugs). These may be acute infectious diseases, toxicosis (especially late), stress, intoxication (bad ecology, professional harm, harmful habits). One of the factors provoking the caries in the future child can be frequent childbirth (with a break of less than 2 years.) The emergence of caries can also contribute to the presence of fetus, severe childbirth, artificial feeding, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Caries of dairy teeth: carbohydrates in the further caries of dairy teeth can occur in a child if it is fed with a lot of carbohydrates. The nature of caries is closely related to the presence of a large number of pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria) in the mouth (bacteria), actively multiplying in a carbohydrate medium. As a result of the vital activity of microorganisms (enzymatic carbohydrate processing), organic acids are formed, causing enamel demineralization. Therefore, dentists recommend replacing sacrarling food products containing xylitol (strawberry, onions, carrots). Caries teeth: lack of fluorides The result of caries contributes to the lack of fluoride (fluorine connections). Fluorides enroll in water, products. Fluorides are a potential factor for protection against caries, since the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of organic acids is suppressed. At the same time, the introduction of fluorides inward more efficiently than the local use of fluorine-containing drugs. However, it is necessary to take into account that fluorides in excess concentrations are toxic, they cause fluorosis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys. The optimal dose of fluorides is approximately 0.1 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day. There is an opinion that the degree of damage to the caries of the teeth in children of the first years of life is influenced by the age and state of the health of the mother, seasonal features, the date of the child's birth. For example, it was found that the older mother, the smaller the risk of caries in the child. More often sick caries kids born in spring. Caries dairy teeth: breastfeeding increase in the duration of breastfeeding (up to 12 months and more) positively affects the health of the child's teeth. But at the same time, the consumption of a child of sugar should be minimal. There is another side of this problem. Prolonged (more than a year) Breastfeeding must be combined with a child feeding a variety of (including solid) food, which leads to self-cleaning of solid teeth tissues during chewing. At the same time, the purification of saliva from excess of lactic acid bacteria occurs. Caries dairy teeth: breastfeeding increase in the duration of breastfeeding (up to 12 months and more) positively affects the health of the child's teeth. But at the same time, the consumption of a child of sugar should be minimal. Long (more than a year) Feeding should be combined with the feeding of a child with a variety of (including solid) food, which leads to self-cleaning of solid teeth tissues. It is also cleaned by saliva from excess of lactic acid bacteria. Caries of dairy teeth: Bottle caries a special problem is the so-called "bottle caries". Frequent feeding from the bottle, especially at night, causes the child's mouth easily fermented carbohydrates, which remain there overnight, feeding bacteria and causing caries. "Bottle caries" is a very fast-growing caries that occurs in 2.5-15% of cases. It is characterized by the lesion of the front 4-6 teeth and is manifested by a characteristic brownish flare. Later, the defeat can spread to the chewing teeth of both the upper and lower jaws. The emergence of caries caries occurs consistently - first on the surface of the tooth enamel appears a pigment spot (white, and then yellow color). Soon it acquires a brown color. In the future, enamel is destroyed, and after that dentin. This process proceeds quite slowly, in more rare cases - quickly. The emerging cavity first in enamel, and then in dentine progresses in depth and width. Food residues are a nutrient medium for bacteria in large quantities in the oral cavity. "The first stage of Caries can remain unchanged for years. If the carious cavity is detected, it is necessary to immediately turn to the dentist. Otherwise, the further destruction of the tooth will lead to a pulpit, and cause severe toothpaches the risk factors of the caries 1. Inferiority of diet and drinking water. 2. Somatic diseases in the TEXT period. Ripening tooth tissues. 3. Extreme impacts on the body. 4. Heredity, providing the fullness of enamel. Text Local Risk Factors Caries 1. Toothpaste and toothache. 2. Violation of the composition and properties of the octopic fluid .Text 3. Carbohydrate food residues in the oral cavity . 4. Deviation in the biochemical composition of solid tooth tissues and the defective structure of tooth tissues. Text 5. Condition of the dental system during the bookmarking, development and teething strategy. Prevention strategy 1. Dental education of the population; 2. Learning rules of rational nutrition; 3. Training rules Hygienic oral care; 4. Endogenous use Fluor's Arats; 5. The use of local prevention tools; 6. Secondary prophylaxis (Sanation of the oral cavity). Logo
1 Slide
2 Slide
Dental abnormalities (ZCH) - conditions that include hereditary disorders of the dental system and acquired anomalies, expressed in the anomalies of teeth, maxillary bones and the ratio of dental rows of varying severity.
3 Slide
Measures to ensure the prevention of dental anomalies clinical examination of children (reveal and diagnose dental anomalies, eliminate the predisposing factors of their development; defining groups for dispensary monitoring and drawing up a plan of preventive and therapeutic measures (for pediatrics of all specialized service doctors);
4 Slide
timely direction of children with formed anomalies to a doctor for treatment; control over the elimination of the identified causative factors in the emergence of anomalies; Organization and holding in children's teams teaching children, their parents, pedagogical and medical personnel methods of hygienic events.
5 Slide
Preventive measures should be based on the age-related periods of the child's development, the most favorable for the prevention of dental anomalies is the period of active growth of jaws associated with the formation of dairy bite, which coincides with the early predos-school and preschool age of the child. During the period of replaceable bite, preventive measures are becoming less effective. In children with a permanent bite, formed dental anomalies are diagnosed, requiring labor-intensive treatment.
6 Slide
Intrauterine and postnatal risk factors. 1. Introductural period: endogenous: - genetic conditionality (complete or partial adenatia, super-flow teeth, individual micro-and Macrofitution. Violation of the structure of the enamel of teeth, micro or macroganatics, pro- or retrognacy, anomalies of the magnitude and attachment of the bridles of the language, lips)
7 Slide
Exogenous: Mechanical (injury, injury of a pregnant woman; close clothes of the future mother) Chemical (alcoholism and smoking of future parents); Professional harm (work with varnishes, paints, chemical reactivities); biological (transferred diseases of a pregnant woman: tuberculosis, syphilis, rubella, epidemic parotitis, some forms of flu, toxoplasmosis); mental (stressful situations of the mother); Radiation factors
8 Slide
Postnatal risk factors Violation of the correct artificial feeding of the child; Disorders of the function of the dental system - chewing, swallowing, breathing and speech; Harmful habits are sucking the pacifiers, fingers, tongue, cheeks, various objects, irregular posture and pose; Transferred inflammatory diseases of the soft and bone fabrics of the person, the temporomandibular joint; Injuries of teeth and jaws; Scar changes in soft tissues after burns and removing neoplasms of the oral cavity and jaws;
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Caries teeth and its consequences; Insufficient physiological erasability of temporary teeth; Premature loss of temporary teeth; Premature loss of permanent teeth; Delay in the loss of temporary teeth (landmark - the timing of dismantling of constant teeth); Delay in the rubbering of permanent teeth (landmark - the timing of disking of constant teeth); Lack of three and diasthemia to the 5-6-year-old child's age.
10 Slide
Prenatal prevention activities are held in women's consultation by improving the body of a pregnant woman: elimination of professional hasslings Establishment of a rational day and nutrition regime Treatment of infectious diseases, the fight against toxicosis Sanitation of the oral cavity Dtatological enlightenment
11 Slide
Postnatal prevention depends on the age of the child Children of the first year of life: etiological factors: artificial feeding - it does not require significant muscle efforts and the state of infant retrogenation is preserved, a trend towards distal occlusion is created, a swallowing, and not a sucking function. Incorrectly conducted artificial feeding - Using a rigid and long nipple, which can cause an injury of the oral mucosa or very soft with one big hole at the end - does not require a child for feeding; When you leave the baby one with a bottle - at the same time it puts pressure on the alveolar process, deforming it;
12 Slide
generic injury - violent extract of the fetus for the lower jaw - the growth zone is suffering - a mystery process; Transferred diseases - Rahit - the consequence of which there may be deformations of both the upper and lower jaws
13 Slide
hematogenic osteomyelitis - the causative agent of this disease is mainly in the zones of growth - on the upper jaw of the Zhilogo and abnormal proceedings, on the lower jaw - in the articular proceedings; Dumping diseases of the skin breathing through the mouth due to insufficient cleansing of nasal moves from crusts or due to partial or complete atresia
14 Slide
Preventive measures: Natural feeding - ACT of sucking is a powerful stimulant for the growth of bone tissue. During sucking, the lower jaw changes the position in the head-rear direction due to the contraction of the muscles. The pressure is transmitted to bone beams and blood vessels that feed them. As a result of the growth zone, the impulse is obtained and the physiological growth process occurs. During the period of natural feeding on the sky it turns out pressure, which ensures growth and increase in the amount of the upper jaw.
15 Slide
Proper artificial feeding of a nipple on a bottle should be a physiological form, be elastic, elastic, have several small holes. The optimal time for sucking the portion of food from a bottle of 200.0 ml with a capacity of at least 15 minutes. A smaller duration leads to underdevelopment of the lower jaw. When feeding, you need to keep the child at an angle, like in breastfeeding. The bottle is also at an angle so that it does not give a baby to the lower jaw
16 Slide
The flat portion of the nipple provides the correct position of the language, identical to the natural during breastfeeding due to the wide base of the baby's lip of the child widely disclosed, as with natural feeding
17 Slide
The correct position of the child during sleep. The newborn should sleep without a pillow on an orthopedic mattress. It is also necessary to turn the child to the left, right side and lay out on the stomach for the prevention of the ware (prevention of distal occlusion) and the low-jaw displacement to the right or left (cross-bite) Rahita prevention (conducted by pediatric doctors) Skin diseases Compliance with maxillofacial hygiene rules;
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From 5-6 months of age, it is introduced to the lore necessarily from a spoon so that during the seizure of food there was a movement of the lower jaw forward, as well as the tension of the muscles of the chiffer, the mandibular and the cervical region, which will continue to provide a normal function of swallowing, movement of the lower jaw and movements in the ENCH. Starting from 6 months. The age, in the diet of the child, it is necessary to introduce more coarse food (meat, vegetables), which allows you to form the skills of biting, chewing and uniform distribution of food in the oral cavity. At the same time, the lips should be closed, the tongue is located behind the teeth and during swallowing should not strain the muscles of the near-break cavity.
19 Slide
timely elongation of the shortened bridle of the tongue; The use of a pacifier-"dummy" is not more than 15-20 minutes after eating, during sleep, wakefulness - the use of the pacifier is not recommended. Long-term use of nipples-pacifier (more than 1-1.5 years) leads to the formation of open bite. The critical time to use the pacifier is 6 hours a day. Preventive dummy with the most thin neck (1) and flat head (2), Dentistar models.
20 Slide
Children of the 2nd and 3rd year of life (the period of formation of temporal occlusion) etiological factors: bad habits (sucking fingers, pacifiers, various items, meals with the help of nipples); Rakhit is the lack of Vigamine "D"; Lack of hard food in the child's diet; Hoped nose breathing;
21 Slides
Preventive measures: elimination of bad habits Balanced nutrition, use when chewing hard food Pediatric correction of rickets of plastic Language bridle in order to properly form a speech function; Formation of skills on oral hygiene.
22 Slide
preventive vestibular plate "Stoppy", designed to dump from sucking a pacifier or finger, regular use for 1-2 hours in the afternoon, and also during sleep allows you to fix the bite naturally, because The design of the plate does not interfere with grinding the cutters and prevents the ingress of the tongue between the upper and lower dental rows. Plate recommended for children from 2 to 5 years
23 Slide
Children at the age of 3-6 years (period of formed dairy bite) etiological factors: a violation of the function of nasal respiration - manifests itself in the form of a mixed or oral respiratory. Depending on the combination with other factors, it contributes to the formation of various anomalies - open, progenic, deep, prenatical biuses and anomalies of the tooth row. Violation of the function of swallowing is infantile swallowing the violation of the chewing function - - is an active factor in the formation of open, cross, progress and other types of pathological bite.
24 Slide
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Violation of the physiological erasing of dairy teeth The erasability of the time teeth is due to functional loads due to the development of the chewing function and the change in the structure and properties of the enamel of temporary teeth caused by the resorption of their roots. The first signs of physiological erasure appear on the cutters at 3 years of age, by 4-5 years it applies to fangs and molars. Due to the erasure of tuberculk temporary teeth, a smooth slide of the lower dentition is provided with respect to the top, the optimal conditions for the full chewing and the formation of the right bite are created.
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