Buryats (self-calf - Buryad, Buryiaudud)
View from the past
"A description of all in the Russian state, inhabiting peoples" 1772-1776:
Buryats and tungs worship the sun moon, fire, etc. as the lower deities. They also have various idols of both sexes, which they recognize homemade gods - it looks like the primitive religion of all Siberian peoples. Lama, which are simultaneously both doctors, although they do not treat any spells, make up a special hierarchy and obey the Supreme Lama in Transbaikal (in Russian Lamita). Buryat has no holidays in his own sense of the word, the only solemn day they celebrate is the beginning of the summer. Lamaism was listed in the Buryans of Mongols, which in 1689 adopted Russian citizenship, and since 1764, the Supreme Lama Zabaikalia became independent.
"Peoples of Russia. Ethnographic essays" (edition of the magazine "Nature and People"), 1879-1880:
Buryats, like Mongols, have a brown-bronze skin color, a wide and flat face. The nose is small and flattened; They have small eyes, sideways located, the big part of black, the ears are big and far away from the head; mouth big; Beard is rare; Hair on the head is black. Belonging to the spiritual title cut the hair on the front of the head, and the back of the braid, in which, for greater density, is often hugged with horse hair. Growth Buryats of medium or small, but firmly folded.
Hamnigans - subethnos Buryat, which has developed with the participation of Tungusky tribes.
Character Buryat is distinguished by secretion. They are usually peaceful and cakes, but evil and vertigan when they are offended. In relation to their parents, they are compassionate and never refuse to help the poor. Despite the external rudeness, the love of neighbor, honesty and justice is extremely developed between Buryats; And although it is often limited to only the limits of their family-generic community, but there are between them and such personalities that these excellent qualities extend to all people without exception, however they belong to nation.
In terms of living, Buryats are divided into sedentary and nomads. Smeted by no more than 10%. They learned many Russian customs and differ little from them in a lifestyle. Nomads live differently. 
Buryats adhere to the primitive generic community. On the wide steppe of oases scattered groups of the octague-round-round yurt. Circle - Zherdy Zagurn, and in the fences all yurts, barns and different other buildings. Each ulus usually consists of several low vigorous fences representing the type of circle. Each such tanned is one, two, three or more yurt with different extensions. In one of these yurt, the eldest in the family of Buryat, an old man with an old woman, sometimes with some kind of cryotrians. In another, the son of this old man with a wife and with children lives next to the Yurt. If the old man has married sons, then they live in special yurts, but all in the same overall tarnings, on both sides of the yurt of the Father. In all this family-generic pashing circle, pouches, cattle - all over. All members tarnings work together. Sometimes even dinner together. With all the collection of guests, everyone participate as one family.
The only wealth of Buryat is cattle breeding. The herds consisting of cows, horses and sheep, both in the summer and winter, graze along the steppe. Only young cattle during the harsh time of the year remains in the yurts together with the owners. Buryats almost do not have pigs and poultry, for which it would be necessary to prepare winter stocks.
Transbaikal Buryats are rarely engaged in agriculture, but if they have small shares, they irrigate them artificially, why they get good crops, meanwhile, as Russians often complain about crumbs due to drought. Buryaty on this side of Baikal are engaged in a lot of agriculture, which they have learned from the Russians.
Men look after grazing cattle, build yurts and manufactures household accessories - arrows, bows, saddles and other parts of the horse break. They are skillful blacksmiths, they themselves separate the metals in small hand furnaces and quite silently remove the horse sabs. Women are engaged in the manufacture of felt, offering the skin, weaving rope from horse-haired hair, make a thread robs, lick and sew all kinds of clothes to their own and husbands, skillfully embroider patterns on clothes and shoes.
The situation of women in Buryat is the saddest: in the family she is a purely working animal, so they are rarely found between them healthy. Crashing face, bony hands, awkward gait, stupid expression of the eyes and dirty weaves sweeping braids - here is its usual look. But girls enjoy special love, honor, gifts and hammer in songs.
The dwellings most of the Buryat consist of felt Yurt. They are from 15 to 25 feet in the diameter and most often have the form of the Oster. These yurts are made from the poles, stuck in the ground, the tip of which above converge. Pilia is covered in several rows of felt. Upstairs there is a hole for smoke that can be closed with a roof. Entrance to the yurt, a narrow wooden door, is always addressed to the south. The floor of this dwelling is the earth purified from grass. In the middle of the yurt under the smoke hole there is a focus, usually consisting of a quadrangular wooden box laid out inside clay. On the walls there is an elevation, on which the inhabitants of the yurt are sleeping and there are various household supplies, chests and cabinets. Immediately there is always a small sacrificial table, which put the image of the gods, sacrificial vessels, fragile candles. 
The initial religion of Buryat shamanism, beliefs in spirits, called "ongrows", which are dominated by the elements, mountains, rivers and patronize a person. Buryats-shamanists believe that the shamans achieve the maintenance of the onang ones and can predict the fate of every person. At the end of the XVII century. Transbaikal Buryats accepted Buddhism; Part of Buryat, living on this side of Baikal, remained faithful shamanism.
In addition to their pagan holidays, Buryats celebrate the day of St. Wonderworker Nicholas with no less solemnity, because deeply honored this desire. Especially honored Buryats St. Nicholas in the days of the memory of this room on December 6 and May 9.
After the festive worship, the walk begins, during which the burner is poured by the river. Buryats almost with mother's milk suck the passion for vodka and ready to drink it at all time, and on such a day as the holiday of St. Nicholas, they consider even a sinful for themselves do not have an extra cup of Araki. Buryats drink not from a glass, but from red wooden Chinese cups, similar to a saucer. In such a cup, it can accommodate from 3 to 5 of our wine glasses. A cup of Buryata is always dried by a volley in two receptions. As sv. Nikolay is honored both by Russians and Buryats, the festival in honor of this holy happens to be common. As for the drinking vodka, the Russian falls from four cups, and Buryat, destroying vodka twice as soon as possible, never, and no matter how drunk, he will give him a damn to his horse, on which he, fearlessly swinging from side in The side, but not losing equilibrium, rushes to its yurts, where after a few hours the feast begins to fame. So the holiday of St. Nicholas Buryati-Lamaistami.
Modern sources
Buryats- people, the indigenous population of the Republic of Buryatia of the Irkutsk region and the Trans-Baikal Territory of Russia.
There is a division by ethno-territorial sign:
Aginsky,
Alar
Balagan
Barguzinsky,
Bohan
Voskollensky,
Zakamensky
Idinsky
Kurinsky
Kudinsky
China
Nukutsk
Okinsky
Osinsk
Olkhon
Tunkinsky,
Nizhneudinsky,
Horinsky,
Selenginsky and others.
Some ethnic groups of Buryat are still divided into childbirth and tribes.
Number and settlement
By the middle of the XVII century, the total number of Buryat was, according to various estimates from 77 thousand to more than 300 thousand people.
In 1897, in the territory of the Russian Empire, 288,663 people pointed out Buryat's native language.
Currently, the number of Buryat is estimated at 620 thousand people, including:
In the Russian Federation - 461 389 people. (2010 census).
In Russia, Buryats live mainly in the Republic of Buryatia (286.8 thousand people), the Ust-Orda Buryat district (54 thousand) and other regions of the Irkutsk region, the Aginsky Buryat district (45 thousand) and other areas of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
In North Mongolia - 80 thousand, according to 1998; 45 087 people, 2010 census.
Most Buryat in Mongolia live in Haymaki Huzsgel, Handy, Dornod, Bulgan, Selnga and the city of Ulan Bator.
In the northeast of China (Shenghehen Buryats, mainly in the Shean Ehehan area, Hulun-Buyr, Inner Mongolia district - approx. 7 thousand people) and Barguts: (old) Huchicin Barga and (new) Shine Barga.
Some quantities of Buryat (from two to 4 thousand people. In each country) lives in the USA, Kazakhstan, Canada, Germany.
Number of All-Union and All-Russian censuses (1926-2010)
|
the USSR |
Census |
Census |
Census |
Census |
Census |
Census |
Census |
Census |
|
237 501 |
↘224 719 |
↗252 959 |
↗314 671 |
↗352 646 |
↗421 380 |
|||
|
RSFSR / Russian Federation |
237 494 |
↘220 654 |
↗251 504 |
↗312 847 |
↗349 760 |
↗417 425 |
↗445 175 |
↗461 389 |
The origin of the ethnonym "Buryat"
The origin of the ethnonym "Buryad" remains largely controversial and not fully found out.
It is believed that the ethnonym "Buryat" (Buriyat) is first mentioned in the "Fair Tale of Mongols" (1240).
The second mention of this term appears only at the end of the XIX century. Ethnonym etymology has several versions:
From the word Burich - shy away.
From Etnonym Kurykan (Kurican).
From the word Bar - Tiger, which is unlikely.
The assumption is based on the dialect form of the Slovopadad - Bariad.
From the word storm - thicket.
From the Khakassky word Pyryat, ascending to the term storm (Turk.) - Wolf, or Buri-Ata - a wolf father, who assumes the totem character of ethnonym, since many ancient Buryat gifts worshiped the wolf as their progenitor.
In the Khakass language, the general community sound would be pronounced as n.
Under this name, Russian Cossacks became ancestors of Western Buryats, who lived to the east of the ancestors of Hakasov.
In the future, the Pyryazh was transformed into a Russian brother and was transferred to the entire Mongolian population within the Russian state (brothers, fraternal people, Bratsky Mungals) and then accepted by Echiritis, Bujlags, Hondorers and Hori Buryats as a general self-sampling in the form of Buryad.
From the expression of Buru Halyadg - third-party looking to the side.
This option comes from the Kalmyk formation in the semantic concept, also that Burich and Halyadg (Halmg) also applied to them after their resettlement from Dzhungaria.
From words bu - gray, in a figurative sense, old, ancient and eooprises - forest peoples, in general, translated as ancient (indigenous) forest peoples.
Tribes participating in ethnogenesis Buryat
Traditional Buryat tribes
Bujalats
Honodory.
Hori-Buryats
Echirites
Tribes released from Mongolia
Sartula
Tsonggola
Tabandi
Tribes of nonmongolian origin
Soyota
Hamnigans
Buryat language
Buryat-Mongolian language (self-calibration of Buryad-Mongol Halen, since 1956 - Buryad Halen)
Relevant to the northern group of Mongolian languages.
Modern literary Buryat language was formed on the basis of the Khorinsky dialect of the Buryat language.
Select dialects:
western (Echimit-Bujalatsky, Barguzinsky);
east (Horine);
south (Zongolo-Sartulsky);
intermediate (Hondorsky);
barga-Buryat (on which the Barguts of China say).
The Nizhnyudinsky and Ononian-Hamnigan Dames are mansion.
In 1905, Lama Agvan Dorzhiev developed Vagindra writing.
Buddhist clergymen and mentors of those times left behind the richest spiritual heritage of their own works, as well as translations in Buddhist philosophy, history, tantric practices and Tibetan medicine.
In most Dacanov, Buryatia existed typography, printed books with a xylographic way.
In 1923, "Buryat-Mongolian" was announced with the formation of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR, which existed on the basis of the vertical Mongolian font of Staromongol writing.
In 1933, he was declared out of law, but despite this, still continued to officially wear the name Buryat Mongolian.
In 1931-1938 Buryat Mongolian was translated into Latin font.
The situation begins to change since 1939 with the introduction of Cyrillic, which protruding dialectical differences Buryat.
As the basis of the literary written language, only a conversational form was adopted, at which all the printed editions were published in the Buryat language.
Latina first visually showed dialectic differences in Buryat, but the Buryat language, written in Latin, was still continued to maintain his Mongolian language: vocabulary, grammatical rules, stylistics, etc.
Religion and beliefs
For Buryat, as for other Mongolian peoples, a complex of beliefs, denoted by the term pantheism or Tengrianism (Bur, Hara Suzhan - Black Vera).
According to some Buryat mythologies on the origin of the world, there was a chaos from which water was formed - the cradle of the world. 
A flower appeared from the water, and the girl came out of the flower, the radiance came from her, which turned into the sun and the moon, scattered darkness.
This divine girl is a symbol of creative energy - created the Earth and the first people: a man and a woman.
Higher Deity - Huha Munha Tengri (Blue Eternal Sky), the embodiment of a male start. Earth is a feminine.
The gods live in the sky, while their ruler Asaranga-Tengri, the celestialists were one. After his care, the government began to challenge the hummaster and Ata Ulan.
As a result, no one won and Tengria was divided into 55 Western good and 44 oriental evil, continuing the eternal struggle among themselves.
From the end of the XVI century, the Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa School (Bowl of the Shauzhan-Lyuba Faith) was widely distributed, which was largely assimiced Dobddian beliefs.
A feature of the spread of Buddhism among Buryats is a greater proportion of pantheistic beliefs compared to other Mongolian peoples who have accepted the Buddha's teachings.
In 1741, Buddhism was recognized as one of the official religions in Russia.
At the same time, the first Buryat stationary monastery was built - Tamchinsky Datsan.
With the statement of Buddhism in the region, the distribution of writing, the development of science, literature, art and architecture is connected.
It became an important factor in the formation of a lifestyle, national psychology and morality.
From the second half of the XIX, the period of the rapid heyday of the Buryat Buddhism begins.
Philosophical schools worked in Dácans; here were engaged in typography, various types of applied art; Theology, science, translation and publishing, fiction, developed.
Tibetan medicine has been widely practiced.
In 1914, 48 Datsans with 16,000 lamas appeared in Buryatia, but by the end of the 1930s, the Buryat Buddhist community ceased to exist.
Only in 1946 2 Datsan were renovated: Ivolginsky and Aginsky.
The revival of Buddhism in Buryatia began with the second half of the 1980s.
More than two dozen old datsans were restored, new ones were founded, las were prepared in the Buddhist Academy of Mongolia and Buryatia, the Institute of Young Non-Monasteries was restored.
Buddhism has become one of the factors of national consolidation and spiritual revival of Buryat.
Since the second half of the 1980s, the revival of Pantheism on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia began.
Western Buryats living in the Irkutsk region have positively perceived the trends of Buddhism.
However, throughout the centuries, Buryat living in Baikalia, pantheism remains traditional religious flow, along with Orthodoxy.
The Orthodox includes part of the Buryat in the Irkutsk region, whose ancestors were baptized by Orthodox in the XVIII-XIX centuries.
Among the Buryat there is a small number of followers of Christianity or the Russian faith, "Corn Szhan".
The Irkutsk Diocese, established in 1727, widely deployed missionary activities.
Until 1842, an English spiritual mission in Transbaikalia was operating in Selenginsk, which was the first translation of the Gospel to Buryat.
Christianization intensified in the 2nd half of the XIX century.
At the beginning of the 20th century, 41 missionary centers functioned in Buryatia, dozens of missionary schools.
Christianity has achieved the greatest success in Western Buryat.
This manifested that Western Buryat got the spread of Christian holidays: Christmas, Easter, Ilyin Day, shints, etc.
Despite the superficial (sometimes violent) Christianization, Western Buryats, for the most part, remained pantheists, and the eastern Buddhists.
According to ethnographic studies, in relation to individuals, up to the 20th century, part of Buryat (in the Idi and Balant departments) practiced the rite of air burial.
Economic manner
Buryats were divided into semi-seated and nomadic, managed by steppes and foreign workers.
The primary economic basis consisted of a family, then the interests were fed in the next relatives (Boulne Zone), then the economic interests of the "Malaya Motherland" were considered on which Buryats (Nyutag) lived, then the birth and other global interests were going.
The basis of the economy was cattle breeding, semi-in-house in Western and nomadic - in eastern tribes.
The content of 5 types of domestic animals - cows, rams, goats, camels and horses. Traditional crafts were common - hunting and fisheries.
There was a processing of the whole list of animal co-production: skins, wool, tendons, etc.
Skores were made of shore products, clothes (including doha, pinihi, mittens), bedding, etc.
Felt for home was made of wool, materials for clothes in the form of felt raincoats, various capes, hats, felt mattresses, etc.
A thread material used for the manufacture of ropes and the manufacture of onions and so on was made from the tendons.
Decorations, toys were made of bones.
Also, the bones were used to make onions and arrows.
From meat 5 of the above pets, food is made with processing on waste-free technology.
Different sausages and delicacies made.
adjusting women used the spleen for the production and sewing clothes as a sticky material.
Buryats were able to produce meat products for long storage in a hot period of the year, for use on long-term knockers and marchs.
Large list of products were able to receive when processing milk.
There were also experience in the production and use of a high-calorie product suitable for long-term isolation from the family.
In economic activity, Buryats widely used the available pets: the horse was used in the wide range of activities when moving on long distances, with pets in pets, during the transportation of property with a cart and sleigh, which also made themselves.
Camels were also used when transporting heavy loads for long distances. Caught bulls used as a major force.
An interesting nomad technology, when the barn was used on wheels or used the "train" technology, when 2 or 3 carts traveled behind the camel.
Hangu (box with dimensions of 1100x1100x2000) was installed on the carts for laying things and protect them from rain.
Used the rapidly erected GER felt house (yurt), where the fees on the nomad or arrangement in a new place were about three hours.
Also in economic activity, dogs of Barhar breed were widely used, whose relatives are the dogs of the same breed from Tibet, Nepal, as well as the Georgian Shepherd.
This dog shows the excellent qualities of the guard and good shepherd behind horses, cows and small cattle.
National Residence
The traditional housing of Buryat, like all the nomads, is the yurt, called the Mongolian peoples of GER (literally dwelling, house).
Yurts were installed both portable felt and stationary in the form of a car from a bar or bric. 
Wooden yurts of 6 or 8 coal, not having windows, in the roof a large hole for the exit of smoke and lighting.
The roof was installed on four columns - Tengi, sometimes the ceiling was arranged.
The door to the yurt is focused on the south, the room was divided on the right, male, and left, female, half.
The center was located in the center of the dwelling, there were benches along the walls, on the right side of the entrance to the yurt shelves with economic utensils, on the left side - chests, a table for guests.
Opposite the entrance - a shelf with burkhans or ongrones, a conmanion (sirge) arranged in the form of a pillar with an ornament.
Thanks to the design of the yurt, you can quickly assemble and disassemble, has a small weight - all this is important when you switch to other pastures.
In winter, the fire in the focus gives heat, in the summer with an additional configuration it is even used instead of a refrigerator.
The right side of the yurt is a male side, onions hung on the wall, arrows, a saber, a gun, saddle and giving out on the wall.
Left - feminine, here there were economic and kitchen utensils.
In the northern part there was an altar, the door of Yurt was always on the south side.
The grilted erection of yurt was covered with felt, impregnated with a mixture of sour milk, tobacco and salt for disinfection.
We sat on Sthegan's felt - Shardag - around the hearth.
Among Buryat, living on the western side of Baikal, wooden yurts with eight walls were used.
The walls were built preferably from larch logs, while the inner part of the walls had a flat surface.
The roof has four large skate (in the form of a hexagon) and four small skate (as a triangle).
Inside yurts are four columns on which the inner part of the roof is based on the ceiling. Large pieces of coniferous rocks (inside down) are stacked on the ceiling.
The final coating is carried out by smooth pieces of jam.
In the XIX century, the rich Buryats began to build horses borrowed from Russian immigrants, while maintaining elements of national dwellings in the inner decoration.
Black and White Blacksmiths
If the Blacksmiths were considered unclean in Tibet and settled away from the villages, then Buryat Kuznets-Darkhan was sent by the Sky himself - he was read and feared at least Shaman.
If a person was sick, then a knife or an ax, made by the hands of Darhan clung around his headboard.
It defended from evil spirits that were satisfied with the disease, and the patient was cured.
Darhan Darhan was transmitted from generation to generation - continuity proceeded from the heavenly blacksmith by the name of the God of God, who sent his children to Earth.
They granted this divine craft Buryat tribes and became patrons of one or another blacksmithing tool.
Blacksmiths shared on black and white. Black Darkhans have gone iron products.
White worked with color and noble metals, mostly with silver, so they were often called Munhan Darkhan - a silver master.
Black blacksmiths bought raw materials in Mongolia or they themselves mined and melted iron in small mountains.
After taking the Buryats of the Russian citizenship, the black metal began to take from Russian industrialists.
The art of Buryat Kuznetsov was considered more perfect than the Tungusky masters, although their work was appreciated high.
Rail products Buryat with silver notch were known in Russia as a "fraternal work" and were appreciated along with Dagestan and Damascus products.
Darkhans kovali stirrups, wondered, horse break, trap, sickles, scissors, boilers and other products for household needs.
But in the Great Steppe, first of all, they became famous for the manufacture of weapons and shells, which could not break through the bullet from the hearth.
In Mongolia, knives were leaving, daggers, swords, arrow tips, helmets and shells.
White blacksmiths created real decorative work.
Silver decorated the majority of iron products - there was a special method of welding these metals, which was distinguished by an exceptional fortress of the compound. Silver and gold jewelry masters were often decorated with colorful corals.
Recognized masters were Darkhans, Jes, Tuni, Oka.
Darkhans Eashers were known to the technique of silvering of iron products.
Kingigiga was famous for his saddles, the Tugun Valley - a skillful cast.
Folklore
The Buryat folklore consists of the myths about the origin of the universe and life on Earth, the epic - epic poems of large size: from 5 thousand to 25 thousand rows, etc.
Among them: "Abay Geeser", "Alamyzhi Mergan", "Aidurai Maran", "Erencei", "Buj Haar".
In the memory of the Buryat people, more than two hundred epic tales have been preserved.
The main one is famous in Mongolia, China and Tibet Epos "Abai Gaser" - "Iliad Central Asia".
They performed the streets with the Rechitative of the Uzigirshina examiner, by heart, remembered the episos in hundreds of thousands of lines of celers and heroes).
Fairy tales Three - three sons, three tasks, etc.
The plot of fairy tales with gradation: every enemy is stronger than the previous one, each task is more complicated by the previous one.
Topics of proverbs, sayings and mysteries: nature, natural phenomena, birds and animals, household items and agricultural households.
National clothes
Each Buryat genus has its national clothes, distinguished by emergency diversity (mainly in women).
The national clothing of Zabaykalki Buryat consists of DEGEL - kaftan genus from the selected sheepskin, having a triangular tenderloin on top of the chest, sang, as well as sleeves, tightly clamping hand-haired brush, fur, sometimes very valuable.
In the summer, Degal could be replaced by a clouded cafetan of the same cut.
In the summer, bathrobes were often used in the summer, poor - paper, and rich - silk.
In a rainy time, Saba was put on top of Degal, the genus with a long crane.
In the cold season, especially on the road - Daha, the genus of a wide robe, stitched from the selected skins, wool out.
Degal (Degil) is tightened in the waist with a belt frame, which was suspended with knife and smoking accessories: fire, ganza (small copper tube with a short letter) and a tobacco brushes.
A distinctive feature from Mongolian cut is the breast part of the Degal - Engar, where three multicolored stripes are sewn in the upper part. 
Below is a yellow-red (Hua YHNEE), in the middle - black (Hara University), at the top of a variety of - white (Sagan Ungee), green (Nhoon Ungee) or blue (Huha Unga).
The initial option was - yellow-red, black, white.
Narrow and long pants were made of roughly isolated leather (ridduga); Shirt, usually from blue fabric - in order.
Footwear - Winter Onti from the skin of the legs foals, the rest of the year of the year Gutals - boots with a pointed upside down.
In the summer wearing shoes knitted from horse hair, with leather soles.
Men and women wore round hats with small fields and with a red tassel (hall) at the top.
All items, the color of the head remove has their own symbolism, its meaning.
Pointed cap cap symbolizes prosperity, well-being.
Silver screwed Danze with a red coral on the top of the caps as a sign of the sun, illuminating with their rays the whole universe, and the brushes (Zalaya SESEG) indicate the rays of the sun.
The semantic field in the headdress is also involved during the Hunn period, together when the whole complex of clothing was designed and introduced.
An invincible spirit, happy fate symbolizes developing on the top of the heads of the hall.
The SOMPI nodule denotes strength, fortress, born color Buryat is blue, which symbolizes the blue sky, the eternal sky.
Women's clothes differed from male decorations and embroidery.
DEGEL in women is twisted with a circular cloth, on the back - at the top is made with a cloth embroidery in the form of a square and the clothes are nasty and silver decorations from buttons and coins.
In Transbaikal, women's bathrobes consist of a short sweater sewn to the skirt.
The girls wore from 10 to 20 braids, decorated with many coins.
On the neck, women wore corals, silver and gold coins, etc.; In the ears - huge earrings supported by the cord, thrown through the head, and behind the ears - "Polti" (suspension); On the hands of silver or copper bugas (bracelets in the form of a hoop) and other decorations.
Dance
Yohor - ancient circular Buryat dance with chants.
Each tribe Ohor had its own specifics.
Other Mongolian peoples have no such dance.
Before the hunting or after her in the evenings, Buryats went to the glade, they burned a big fire and, holding hands, danced all night Ohor with funny rhythmic chants.
In the childbirth dance forgotten all the insults and disagreements, pleaseing the ancestors to this dance of unity.
National holidays
Sagalgang - White Month holiday (New Year on the Eastern Calendar)
Surkharban - summer holiday
Eryn Gurban Naandan (letters. Three playing husbands) - Holiday holiday of Buryat tribes, his roots go to the millennium.
At this holiday, where representatives of different tribes moved, agreed about the world, declared war.
Two names are used. "SURKHARBAN" - from the Buryat language means archery and "Eryn Gurban Nadaan" - actually three playing husbands.
At this festival there are mandatory competitions for three types of sports - archery, racing and struggle.
Competitions are preparing in advance, the best horses are taken from herd, archers are trained in shooting on targets and on the hunt, the wrestlers compete in the halls or in nature.
The victory on Surban is always very prestigious for the winner and for all of his kind.
Traditional cuisine
Founding in food Buryat Great place occupied products of animal and combined animal and vegetable origin: -Bүhueloor, Shүlan, Buuza, Hushur, Hileemem, Schahbin, Shhahan, Hime, Oromog, Khoshonog, Zөө Salamat, Hoshөөһen, рме, arbum, s-mge, zөөhetei Zedgane, Gogkhan.
As well as Drinks үhhen, Zutaraan Sai, Aacha, Hurngue, Tarag, Horzo, Sochny Arch (Tarasun) is an alcoholic drink, obtained by distillation of Kurungi). It was completed by sour milk with a special start-up (Kurunga), dried pressed cotton woofer - Hurwood.
Like Mongols, Buryats drank green tea, which poured milk, put salt, butter or fat.
The symbol of Buryat cuisine are the buds prepared for a pair of dish, corresponds to the Chinese Baozima.
History
Starting from the Hong period, the protogurites are in the union as Western Hunna.
At the collapse of the empire, Hunn under the pressure of Xianbi residents depart from the Chinese border to their original land called (by Chinese sources) Northern Hunn.
Later, the proto-robs are part of the Xianbian, Juan, Uygur and Kiden states, the Mongolian Empire and Mongolian Kaganata, remaining in their territories.
Buryats were formed from various mongolo-speaking ethnic groups that did not have a single self-supply, on the territory of the Addictal and Central Transbaikalia.
The largest of them were Western-make-maps, echyritis, honodors and eastern - Hori-Buryats.
In the XVIII century, Khalha-Mongolian and Oiratsky birth came to South Transbaikalia, mainly Sartules and Zongols, which became the third component of the current Buryat ethnos, in many respects different from the northern native tribes.
By the beginning of the XVII century, the Russian state approached the northern frontiers of Mongolia, by that time the little-plated and only nominally recognizing the power of the Khanov.
Faced with the resistance of the indigenous population of the middle course of the hangary, it was forced to slow down its promotion in this region and proceed to the construction of the invodes and fortified points in the Baikal.
At the same time, in the Far East, a strong Manchurian state arose, mastered by China (in 1636 the name of Qing), which led an aggressive foreign policy regarding the experienced period of the fragmentation of Mongolia.
Thus, the latter turned out to be the object of the gripful interest of Russia and the Manchurian Empire.
Taking advantage of the internecine conflicts between the dominated Neuongs of Mongolia, Russia and Qing concluded agreements 1689 and 1727, according to which Baikalia and Transbaikalia became part of the Tsarist Russia, and the rest of Mongolia became the province of the Empire of Qing.
Until the XVII century, in the territory of the modern state of Mongolia, inner Mongolia, from Hinghana to the Yenisei, the Mongolian tribes were unhindered: Barguts, Bujales, Echirites, Honodors, Hori-Buryats, Tabanguits, Sartules, Daura, etc.
Some of them, by virtue of the nomadic lifestyle, were in the period of joining the territory of Buryatia to Russia in this region, which determined the presence of various dialects of the Buryat language, differences in clothing, customs, etc.
After that at that time of the Russian-Chinese border in 1729, the above-mentioned Mongolian tribes, being cut off from the majority of the Mongols (except Barga), began to form in the future Buryat people.
The consolidation process, started earlier, intensified from this time.
In the XVIII-XIX centuries there was a significant movement of the indigenous population of the Baikal.
Part of Echirithia of the Bujotov moved by several waves, moving along the ice of Baikal, in Transbaikalia to the Kutinskaya steppe further up in Selengu, up to the goose lake, reaching the territorial group of the North-Saleginsky Buryat, who had some oriental (Hori-Buryat) and southern elements.
Part of the echyritis moved to the Barguzin valley, forming a group of Burguzinsky Buryat with Hori Buryats.
In many ways, these ethno groups retain their relationship with the added pranodine, which is reflected in the language and elements of the culture.
At the same time, part of Hori-Buryat went east into the Aginska steppes, becoming here the main population of the Maginsky Buryats.
In the West of Ethnic Buryatia, Tunkinskaya Honagrators, by going Hamar-Daban, settled the mountain-catering area of \u200b\u200bthe currently ordinal, and part of their tribal groups settled the mountain OKU in Eastern Sayanov.
By virtue of this, as well as due to the lack of their troops in the face of the proximity of major Mongolian Khants and the Manchurian state, Russia, one way or another, from the first years of citizenship of the Buryat used them in a different kind of military clashes and in the protection of borders.
At the extreme west of ethnic Buryatia, in the pools of the Uda and Oka rivers, the Buryats of two strong groups - Ashabagatov (Lower Ud) and Ikinatov (Low Low Oki) were attracted by the administration of the Yenisei and Krasnoyarsk cookers.
The enmity between these groups (which began before the arrival of the Russians in Buryatia) served as an additional incentive to participate them in Russian enterprises, and later imposed on hostility between Yenisei and Krasnoyarsk.
Ikinati participated in Russian campaigns on Ashabagatov, and Ashabagati - in hostilities against Ikinatov.
In 1688, when the royal embassy, \u200b\u200bheaded by Fedor Golovnoy, was blocked by the Mongols of Tushetu-Khan Chihunjug in Selenginsk, the letters were sent out of all controlled by Russian territory.
Among the echyritis and the eastern part of the buclats who lived near Baikal on the Western side, detachments were collected, which, however, did not have time to approach the venues of hostilities.
Tukes Tuschu-Khan were part of the broken, part of themselves moved to the South before the approach of Buryat detachments from the West.
In 1766, four shelf were formed from Buryat for the maintenance of Karaulov in the Seleginsky border: 1st Ashbagatsky, 2nd Tsongolsky, 3rd Atagansky and 4th Sartulsky.
The shelves were reformed in 1851 in the formation of the Trans-Baikal Cossack troops.
By the end of the XIX century, a new generality was formed - Buryat ethnos, which included the so-called traditional tribes - Eastern and Western, and the Southern Khalha, Oyrat and South Mongolian groups, as well as the Turkic-self-independent and tung elements.
Buryats were resettled on the territory of the Irkutsk province, which was allocated by the Trans-Baikal region (1851).
After the February Revolution, 1917, the first national state of Buryat - "Buryad-Mongol UlS" was formed (Buryat-Mongolia). His higher authority became Bournatsk.
In 1921, the Buryat-Mongolian autonomous region was formed as part of the Far Eastern Republic, then as part of the RSFSR in 1922 - the Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Region.
In 1923, they united in the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR as part of the RSFSR.
In 1937, a number of areas were derived from the Buryat Mongolian ASSR, from which the Buryat Autonomous District were formed - Ust-Ordinsky and Aginsky; At the same time, some areas with the Buryat population were allocated from autonomy (Ononian and Olkhonsky).
In 1958, the Buryat Mongolian ASSR was renamed Buryat ASSR, which led to a change in self-discharge Buryat.
In 1992, the Buryat ASSR was transformed into the Republic of Buryatia.
Wedding rite in the drawing
In the daughter times, Mongols did not have written writing, therefore there were no manuscripts on history. There are only oral legends recorded in the XVIII and XIX centuries with historical scientists.
These were Vandan Yumsunov, Togolddor Toboev, Shirab-Nibito Hobituyev, Saintsak Yumov, Tsydipzhap Sakharov, Cezheb Cerenov and a number of researchers of history Buryat.
In 1992, the book of the Doctor of Historical Sciences Schirape Chimitdorzhiev "History Buryat" was published in Buryat. In this book, monuments of the Buryat literature of the XVIII - XIX centuries, written by the above-mentioned Av-torments, are collected. The community of these works is in the fact that the Barga-Bagatur, a commander, who was sown from Tibeta, is the fullness of all. It happened on the rubles, our era. At that time, the people of Badeh lived on the southern shore of Baikal, the territory of which was the northern outskirts of the Hong Empire. If you consider that Badebe was the Mongolomous People, they called Huenoud Bade. Bade - We, Hong - man. Hunna - the Word of Chinese Origin, so the Mongolian peoples began to call Liu dei "Hong" from the word "Hunna". And Hongna gradually turned into a Hong - a man or huunoud - people.
Hunna
The Chinese Le Topist written about Hunnakh, the author of the "historical notes" of Qian's Sum, who lived in the II century to our era. Chinese historian Ban GU, who died in 95 BC, continued the history of Huns. I also write the third book by Sal Yuzhnokaysky scientist official Fan Hua, who lived in the V century. These three books are the basis of the idea of \u200b\u200bHunnakh. The history of Hongov is calculated by almost 5 thousand years. Csyan's Suma writes that in 2600 BC. "Yellow Emperor" fought against Plemen Juni and Di (just Hunna). Over time, the ribs and di tribes mixed up with the Chinese. Now Juns and Di are left to the south, where, mixed with the local population, formed new tribes called Hunna. There are new languages, cultures, customs and countries.
Shanyui Moda, Shan Shanuya Fog, created the first Hong Empire, with a strong army of 300 thousand people. It existed to expect an empire 300 years. Modse united 24 kinds of Hunnu, and Stretch-las Empire from Korea (Chayan) in the West to Lake Balkhash, in the north of Baikal, in the south to the River Juanhe. After the collapse of the impe-rii, other super enems appeared, such as Cydane, Tapping, Togona, Xianby, Zhuzhan, Karashara, Khotana, etc. Western Hunna, Shan Shani, Karashara, etc., spoke on Turkic. On the Mongolian language they spoke all the rest. Initially, protonongals were Donghu. Hunna them pushed them to Huhuang Mount. They began to be called Uguani. Related tribes Donghu Xianby are considered to be the ancestors of the Mongols.
And Khan was born three sons ...
Let's refund to the nationality of Bade Huunoud. They lived on the territory of the Tunkinsky district in the first century BC. It was the perfect place to stay nomads. At that time, the climate of Siberia was very soft and warm. Al-Pius meadows with juicy herbs allowed all year round herds graze. The valley of the tuna is protected by the chain of the mountains. From the north - unpleasant goltsy of the Sayan Mountains, from the south - the mountain range of Hamar Daban. Approximately in the second century AD. The Barga-Bagatur Daichin (commander) with his army came here. And the people of Bade Huunoud because of his khan. He had three sons. The youngest son Chorida Margean had three wives, at the first, Bargudzhin Goua, Rou-sled daughter Alan Gua. The second wife, Sharac-Dai, gave birth to five sons: Golzud, Huasai, Hubdud, Gushad, Sharaid. The third wife, on-Gatay, gave birth to six sons: Hargana, Lyudai, Bodongud, Halbin, Sagan, Batanai. Ito-go eleven sons who created eleven chorine clays of choride.
The Middle Son Barga-Baggudai had two sons. They had a childbirth of Echirites - Ubusha, Olon, Shono, etc. Total eight births and nine clans of Bujdatov - Alagui, Hurumsha, Ashabad, etc. About the third son of Barga-baggage there is no information, most likely he was childless.
The descendants of Choride and Barguda began to be called Barga or Bar-Gouzon - National Barga, in honor of the grandfather Barka-baggage. Over time, they became closely in the Tunkinsky Valley. Echirit-Bujdati went to the West Coast of the Inner Sea (Ome-Ra Baikal) and spread to Yenisei. It was very difficult time. There were permanent shocks with local tribes. At that time, Tungus, Hagasi, Dinlin (Northern Huns), Yenisei Kyrgyz, and the like were inhabited at the West Bank of Baikal. But Barga survived and the people of Barga were divided into echirit-buoys and chori-tumats. Tumat from the word "Tumed" or "Tu-Man" - more than ten thousand. The people were generally called Barga.
After a while, part of the Hori Tumats went to Barguzin lands. Located at the Mount Barhan-Uula. This land began to call-Sia Bargudzhin-Tocum, i.e. Barga Zoka is so far - the land of the people Barga. Toh in Starin called the area on which they lived. Mongols "s" letter, especially internal Mongols, pronounce as "J". The word "Barguzin" on the Mongolian "Bargudzhin". Jin - zones - the people, even in Japanese, Nihon Jean is Nichon Man - Japanese.
Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev writes that in 411, Zhuzhani conquered Sayan and Barga. So Barga at this time lived in Barguzin. On the Sayanov, the remaining part of the native Barga was about-lived. Chori-Tumats were in the future migrated to the manchuria itself, in Mongolia, in the pre-grier of Himalayas. All this time, the Great Steppe boiled by eternal wars. Some tribes or nation conquered or destroyed others. Hunn tribes made raids on Ki-Thai. China, on the contrary, I wanted to suppress the devil-deceased neighbors ...
"Bratsky people"
Before the arrival of the Russians, as described above, Buryats were called Barga. The Russians they say, that they are bargudi, or Bargudz to the Russian manner. Russians from misunderstanding us began to call "Bratsky people".
The Siberian Order in 1635 reported Moscow "... Peter Beketov with servilators went to the British land up of a Lena River to Ustu River to Braotki and Tungus-Skim people." Ataman Ivan Poyhabov wrote in 1658: "Bratzniki Prince with ulus people ... changed and from Bratotskikh spudders were offended in Mungals."
In the future, Burya - you began to call ourselves Barat - from the word "Bratzky", which was then transformed into bu-Ryat. The path that was held from Bade to Bar-gu, from Barga to Buryat more than two thousand years. During this time, it disappeared or erased from the face of the earth a few hundred birth, tribes and peoples. Scientists of the Mongols, who study Staromon-Holk writing, say that Old-Mongolian and Buryat languages \u200b\u200bare close in value and dialect. Although we are an integral part of the Mongolian world, managed to carry through the millennium and co-storing unique culture and the language of Buryat. Buryats are an ancient people, which have been sown from the people of Bade, who, in their eyes, were Hunnov.
Mongols unite many tribes and nationalities, but the Buryat language among the variety of Mongolian dialects is the only and unique only because of the letter "H". In our time, the bad, stretched relations between different groups of Buryat are preserved. Buryats are divided into eastern and western, Songolov and Hondorov, etc. This is, of course, an unhealthy phenomenon. We are not super ethnos. We are only 500 thousand people on this earth. Therefore, every person should, by his mind, to raise that the integrity of the people in unity, respect and knowledge of our culture and language. There are many famous people among us: scientists, doctors, builders, livestock rods, teachers, people of art, etc. Let's live on, multiply our human and material wealth, to maintain and protect the natural bo-gate and our holy Lake Baikal.
Excerpt from a book
Welcome to you, dear readers.
In our country there are three Buddhist republics - this is Buryatia, Kalmykia and Tuva. However, Buryat and Kalmykov have relatives - Mongols.
We know that the bulk of the Buryat population is focused on the territory of Russia. To this day, disputes do not subscribe about how Buryats differ from the Mongols and how similar they are among themselves. Some say that this is the same people. Others tend to believe that there is a big difference between them.
Maybe truths and those and others? Let's try to figure it out! And for a start, of course, turn to the origins.
The origins of the Mongolian peoples
Earlier, the territory of the current Mongolia was a wooded and swampy, and the meadows and the steppe could be found on the plateaua. Studies of the remains of ancient people have shown that they lived here about 850 thousand years ago.
In the 4th century BC e. Hunny appeared. They chose the steppe near the Gobi desert. A few decades began to fight the Chinese, and in 202 BC. e. Created the first empire.
Hunna was underestimated up to 93 N. e. Then the Mongolian, Kyrgyz, Turkic, Uygur Khanate began to appear.
The origin of the Mongolian Power
The tribes have repeatedly tried to unite in the general state. Finally they succeeded, though, only partially. Education, in fact, presented a tribal union. In history, it entered the name Hamag Mongol.
His first leader was Heid-Khan. The tribes that are part of the state were distinguished by militancy and often entered into bouts with neighbors, in particular, with residents of Jin Empire districts. In case of victory, they demanded tribute from them.
ECIA Baatar, father of the future legendary ruler of Mongolia Genghis Khan (Temed) participated in the fights. He fought until he fell from the hands of Turks.
Tempezha himself at the very beginning of the path to power was enlisted by the support of Wang Khan, the ruler of the Keertites in Central Mongolia. Over time, the army of supporters grow up, which allowed the future of Genghis Khan to begin active actions.
As a result, he began heading the most significant tribes of Mongolia:
- nimanov (in the West);
- tatars (in the East);
- comeites (center).
This allowed him to get the title of the Supreme Khan, which all the Mongols conquered. The corresponding decision was made on Kurultai - the congress of the Mongolian nobility. From this point on, Tezuchean became referred to as Genghis Khan.
Vladyka stood at the steering of the state for more than two decades, he conducted military campaigns and thus expanded its borders. But soon the power began to slowly disintegrate due to the variety of cultures of conquered lands.
And now let's turn to the story of Buryat.
Formation of the Buryat Ethnic Sheet and Culture
Most researchers are inclined to the idea that the current Buryats are immigrants from different mongony-language groups. Their initial homeland is considered to be the northern part of the Khanate Altan-Khanov, which existed in the period from the end of the XVI and to the beginning of the XVII century.
Representatives of this people entered several tribal groups. The largest of them are:
- booles;
- honlerators;
- horins;
- echirites.
Almost all of the commissioned groups were under the strong influence of Khalha-Mongolian Khanov. The situation began to change after Eastern Siberia began to master the Russians.
The number of settlers from the West is constantly increased, which led, ultimately, to the accession of coastal Baikal territories to Russia. After entering the group of the group and the tribes began to get closer to each other.
This process looked natural from the point of view that they all had common historical roots, talked to the similar dialects. As a result, not only cultural, but also economic community was formed. In other words, ethnos, which finally formed by the end of the XIX century.
Buryats were engaged in breeding livestock, hunting for animals and fishing. That is, traditional fisheries. At the same time, settled representatives of this nation began to handle land. Basically, these were residents of the Irkutsk province and Western territories of Transbaikalia.
The entry into the Russian Empire also affected Buryat culture. Since the beginning of the XIX century, schools began to appear, over time there was a layer of local intelligentsia.
Religious preferences
Buryats - adherents of shamanism and, that relates them to the Mongols. Shamanism is the earliest religious form, called "Hara Shazhan" (Black Vera). The word "black" here personifies the mystery, the unknownness and infinity of the universe.
Then the Buddhism came from Tibet among the people. This is about . It was already the "ball of the Shauhan", that is, the yellow faith. Yellow here is considered sacred and symbolizes the Earth as a primarylement. Also in Buddhism Yellow means the jewel, the highest mind and out of.
The teachings of Gelug partially absorbed the beliefs that existed before the coming. High-ranking officials of the Russian Empire did not mind this. On the contrary, they recognized Buddhism as one of the official religious directions in the Power.
Interestingly, in Buryatia, shamanism is more common than in MNR.
Now Mongolia continues to demonstrate to the commitment of Tibetan Buddhism Galuga, slightly adjusting it with local characteristics. There are Christians in the country, but their number is insignificant (a little more than two percent).
At the same time, many historians tend to believe that at present it is religion that acts as the main binder between Buryats and Mongols.
Separate nationality or not
In fact, such a statement of the issue is not entirely correct. Buryat can be viewed as representatives of the Mongolian people talking on their dialect. At the same time, in Russia, for example, they are not identified with the Mongols. Here they consider them to nationality, which has certain similarities and differences from the Russian citizens.
On a note. In Mongolia, Buryat recognize their own, picking up to various ethnic groups. Also come in China, pointing them in the official census as the Mongols.
Where did the name itself, the name is still not clear. There are several versions on this. According to the main one, the term may occur from such words:
- Storms (on Turkic - Wolf).
- Bar - mighty or tiger.
- Storms - thickets.
- Burich - shy away.
- Brother. Until our times, written evidence came that during the Middle Ages in Russia, Buryatov was called fraternal people.
However, none of these hypotheses under itself a solid scientific foundation.
The difference in mentality
Buryats who visited Mongolia recognize that they differ from local residents. On the one hand, agree that they relate to the common Mongolian family and act as representatives of one people. On the other hand, they understand that they are still different people.
During the years of close communication with the Russians, they penetrated with another culture, partly forgot about their heritage and noticeably bliss.
Mongols themselves do not understand how this could happen. Sometimes in communicating with visitors, they can behave disdain. On the household level it does not happen often, but still happens.
Also in Mongolia are surprised why most of the inhabitants of Buryatia have subsided their native language and ignore the traditional culture. There are not perceived by the "Russian manner" of communicating with children when parents, for example, may be publicly in public comments.
So come in Russia, and in Buryatia. But in Mongolia - no. In this country, it is not customary to shout on small citizens. Almost everyone is allowed to children. At that simple foundation that they are minors.
But as for the diet, it is practically identical. Representatives of one people living on different sides of the border are mainly engaged in cattle breeding.
For this reason, as well as in connection with climatic conditions, there are mainly meat and dairy products on their tables. Meat and milk - the base of the kitchen. True, Buryats eat more fish than Mongols. But it is not surprising, because they get it out of Baikal.
You can argue for a long time how close the inhabitants of Buryatia to Mongolia citizens and can they consider themselves one nation. By the way, there is a very interesting view that under the Mongols are meant those who live in the MNR. There are Mongols of China, Russia and other countries. Just in the Russian Federation they are called Buryats ...
Conclusion
The Republic of Buryatia is part of the Russian Federation. Representatives of Buryats are: Echirites, Bujales, Horins, Honagrators and Selengints.
Religious views in Buryatia are divided into 2 groups - Eastern and Western.
In the East, Buddhism of Lamisan Society is preached, and in the West - Orthodoxy and Shamanism.
Culture and life of the Buryat people
The culture and life of the Buryat people affected the impact of various peoples on their ethnos. But despite all the changes, Buryats were able to preserve the cultural values \u200b\u200bof a kind.
Predated Buryats lived in prefab portable housing, the reason for which the nomadic lifestyle was. They have erected their homes from lattice frames and felt coatings. Externally, it was very similar to the yurt, built for one person.
Life of the Buryat people was based on cattle breeding and agriculture. The economic activity of Buryats affected their culture, customs and traditions. Initially, nomadic cattle breeding was in demand among the population and only after the accession of Buryatia to the Russian Federation, cattle breeding and agriculture acquired material value for people. Since then, Buryats sold their prey.
In handicraft activities, the Buryat people used mainly metal. The blacksmiths created works of art when iron, steel or silver plates came into their hands. In addition to the aesthetic value, finished handicraft products were a source of income, a sale facility. In order to give the product a more precious type, Buryats used precious stones as decoration of products.
The appearance of the National Clothing of the Buryat people influenced their nomadic lifestyle. Both men and women wore Dagla - a bathrobe without a shoulder seam. Such clothes were straight, expanding to the bottom. In order to sew winter degl, it was necessary to use more than 5 sheepskin skins. Similar coats were decorated with fur and various fabrics. Casual deglas were covered with a conventional cloth, and the festive decorated with silk, a parolh, velvet and pliz. Summer outfit was called Tarling. It was sewn from Chinese silk and decorated with embroidery of gold and silver threads.
Traditions and customs of the Buryat people
The traditions and customs of the Buryat people are closely connected with their everyday life: household, hunting and agriculture. Often, various sounds of animals - ducks, pigeons, geese came from the generic Yurt. And they published their inhabitants of this house when they played various games or just sang songs. The hunting games include: Huhin Naadan, Baabgine Naandan, Shaonn Naadan and others. The essence of these games was to show the animal chants as possible, the sounds that it publishes.
Many games and dances were not just entertainment, but also some rite. For example, the game "Zemkhen" was arranged in order for unfamiliar labor to become closer to each other in communication.
Kuznetsov also had interesting customs. In order to sanctify his forge, they conducted the rite of "Hichin Huurai". If after this rite burned the dwelling or a person died from the impact of zipper, "Nareyary Naandan" was arranged, in the days of which, special rites were held.
In the daughter times, Mongols did not have written writing, therefore there were no manuscripts on history. There are only oral legends recorded in the XVIII and XIX centuries with historical scientists.
These were Vandan Yumsunov, Togolddor Toboev, Shirab-Nibito Hobituyev, Saintsak Yumov, Tsydipzhap Sakharov, Cezheb Cerenov and a number of researchers of history Buryat.
In 1992, the book of the Doctor of Historical Sciences Schirape Chimitdorzhiev "History Buryat" was published in Buryat. In this book, monuments of the Buryat literature of the XVIII - XIX centuries, written by the above-mentioned Av-torments, are collected. The community of these works is in the fact that the Barga-Bagatur, a commander, who was sown from Tibeta, is the fullness of all. It happened on the rubles, our era. At that time, the people of Badeh lived on the southern shore of Baikal, the territory of which was the northern outskirts of the Hong Empire. If you consider that Badebe was the Mongolomous People, they called Huenoud Bade. Bade - We, Hong - man. Hunna - the Word of Chinese Origin, so the Mongolian peoples began to call Liu dei "Hong" from the word "Hunna". And Hongna gradually turned into a Hong - a man or huunoud - people.
Hunna
The Chinese Le Topist written about Hunnakh, the author of the "historical notes" of Qian's Sum, who lived in the II century to our era. Chinese historian Ban GU, who died in 95 BC, continued the history of Huns. I also write the third book by Sal Yuzhnokaysky scientist official Fan Hua, who lived in the V century. These three books are the basis of the idea of \u200b\u200bHunnakh. The history of Hongov is calculated by almost 5 thousand years. Csyan's Suma writes that in 2600 BC. "Yellow Emperor" fought against Plemen Juni and Di (just Hunna). Over time, the ribs and di tribes mixed up with the Chinese. Now Juns and Di are left to the south, where, mixed with the local population, formed new tribes called Hunna. There are new languages, cultures, customs and countries.
Shanyui Moda, Shan Shanuya Fog, created the first Hong Empire, with a strong army of 300 thousand people. It existed to expect an empire 300 years. Modse united 24 kinds of Hunnu, and Stretch-las Empire from Korea (Chayan) in the West to Lake Balkhash, in the north of Baikal, in the south to the River Juanhe. After the collapse of the impe-rii, other super enems appeared, such as Cydane, Tapping, Togona, Xianby, Zhuzhan, Karashara, Khotana, etc. Western Hunna, Shan Shani, Karashara, etc., spoke on Turkic. On the Mongolian language they spoke all the rest. Initially, protonongals were Donghu. Hunna them pushed them to Huhuang Mount. They began to be called Uguani. Related tribes Donghu Xianby are considered to be the ancestors of the Mongols.
And Khan was born three sons ...
Let's refund to the nationality of Bade Huunoud. They lived on the territory of the Tunkinsky district in the first century BC. It was the perfect place to stay nomads. At that time, the climate of Siberia was very soft and warm. Al-Pius meadows with juicy herbs allowed all year round herds graze. The valley of the tuna is protected by the chain of the mountains. From the north - unpleasant goltsy of the Sayan Mountains, from the south - the mountain range of Hamar Daban. Approximately in the second century AD. The Barga-Bagatur Daichin (commander) with his army came here. And the people of Bade Huunoud because of his khan. He had three sons. The youngest son Chorida Margean had three wives, at the first, Bargudzhin Goua, Rou-sled daughter Alan Gua. The second wife, Sharac-Dai, gave birth to five sons: Golzud, Huasai, Hubdud, Gushad, Sharaid. The third wife, on-Gatay, gave birth to six sons: Hargana, Lyudai, Bodongud, Halbin, Sagan, Batanai. Ito-go eleven sons who created eleven chorine clays of choride.
The Middle Son Barga-Baggudai had two sons. They had a childbirth of Echirites - Ubusha, Olon, Shono, etc. Total eight births and nine clans of Bujdatov - Alagui, Hurumsha, Ashabad, etc. About the third son of Barga-baggage there is no information, most likely he was childless.
The descendants of Choride and Barguda began to be called Barga or Bar-Gouzon - National Barga, in honor of the grandfather Barka-baggage. Over time, they became closely in the Tunkinsky Valley. Echirit-Bujdati went to the West Coast of the Inner Sea (Ome-Ra Baikal) and spread to Yenisei. It was very difficult time. There were permanent shocks with local tribes. At that time, Tungus, Hagasi, Dinlin (Northern Huns), Yenisei Kyrgyz, and the like were inhabited at the West Bank of Baikal. But Barga survived and the people of Barga were divided into echirit-buoys and chori-tumats. Tumat from the word "Tumed" or "Tu-Man" - more than ten thousand. The people were generally called Barga.
After a while, part of the Hori Tumats went to Barguzin lands. Located at the Mount Barhan-Uula. This land began to call-Sia Bargudzhin-Tocum, i.e. Barga Zoka is so far - the land of the people Barga. Toh in Starin called the area on which they lived. Mongols "s" letter, especially internal Mongols, pronounce as "J". The word "Barguzin" on the Mongolian "Bargudzhin". Jin - zones - the people, even in Japanese, Nihon Jean is Nichon Man - Japanese.
Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev writes that in 411, Zhuzhani conquered Sayan and Barga. So Barga at this time lived in Barguzin. On the Sayanov, the remaining part of the native Barga was about-lived. Chori-Tumats were in the future migrated to the manchuria itself, in Mongolia, in the pre-grier of Himalayas. All this time, the Great Steppe boiled by eternal wars. Some tribes or nation conquered or destroyed others. Hunn tribes made raids on Ki-Thai. China, on the contrary, I wanted to suppress the devil-deceased neighbors ...
"Bratsky people"
Before the arrival of the Russians, as described above, Buryats were called Barga. The Russians they say, that they are bargudi, or Bargudz to the Russian manner. Russians from misunderstanding us began to call "Bratsky people".
The Siberian Order in 1635 reported Moscow "... Peter Beketov with servilators went to the British land up of a Lena River to Ustu River to Braotki and Tungus-Skim people." Ataman Ivan Poyhabov wrote in 1658: "Bratzniki Prince with ulus people ... changed and from Bratotskikh spudders were offended in Mungals."
In the future, Burya - you began to call ourselves Barat - from the word "Bratzky", which was then transformed into bu-Ryat. The path that was held from Bade to Bar-gu, from Barga to Buryat more than two thousand years. During this time, it disappeared or erased from the face of the earth a few hundred birth, tribes and peoples. Scientists of the Mongols, who study Staromon-Holk writing, say that Old-Mongolian and Buryat languages \u200b\u200bare close in value and dialect. Although we are an integral part of the Mongolian world, managed to carry through the millennium and co-storing unique culture and the language of Buryat. Buryats are an ancient people, which have been sown from the people of Bade, who, in their eyes, were Hunnov.
Mongols unite many tribes and nationalities, but the Buryat language among the variety of Mongolian dialects is the only and unique only because of the letter "H". In our time, the bad, stretched relations between different groups of Buryat are preserved. Buryats are divided into eastern and western, Songolov and Hondorov, etc. This is, of course, an unhealthy phenomenon. We are not super ethnos. We are only 500 thousand people on this earth. Therefore, every person should, by his mind, to raise that the integrity of the people in unity, respect and knowledge of our culture and language. There are many famous people among us: scientists, doctors, builders, livestock rods, teachers, people of art, etc. Let's live on, multiply our human and material wealth, to maintain and protect the natural bo-gate and our holy Lake Baikal.
Excerpt from a book
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