On May 28, 1995, it became the day of the terrible tragedy in Russia. A catastrophic earthquake by force of 7.6 magnitudes (in the epicenter, the intensity was x points on the MSC-64 scale) occurred on the northern Sakhalin and literally erased from the land of the village Neftegorsk. 2,200 residents of the village died, including 308 children. Of almost 400 wounded more than 150 died in hospitals. On the eve of the earthquake in the Neftegorsk school, the last bell sounded. Of the 26 graduates of 1995, only 9 people survived.
The surviving residents of Neftegorsk were transported to other settlements on Sakhalin or to other areas of Russia. Their life was divided into two halves - before and after the earthquake.
Neftegore earthquake is considered the most destructive over the past 100 years in Russia, and in the 20th century it has become the second large tragedy in the Sakhalin region after the tsunami in November 1952 after the strongest Kamchatka earthquake. Then the giant tsunami with a height of more than 10 meters hit the region, and 14,000 people in the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka became victims of the earthquake and tsunami.
They say that time heals. But is it possible to cure the crippled souls and the bodies of the oilgorts, soften the mountain of parents and console orphans? From the memory, it is unlikely to erase the nightmarish frames in memory.
1995 was the years unprecedented seismic activity in the Pacific zone. In the winter of 1995, 5,300 people died during an earthquake in the Japanese city of Kobe. Russian seismologists expected repeated jokes in the Far East and Kamchatka. But no one expected an earthquake in Neftegorsk, in part because the north of Sakhalin is traditionally considered as a zone with lower seismic activity than in the south of the island or the Kuril Islands. Yes, and the extensive network of Sakhalin seismic stations, built in Soviet times, by 1995 almost collapsed.
The earthquake was unexpected and frightening. Underground shocks by force from five to seven points felt in the city of Okha, Sabo villages, Moskalvo, Nekrasovka, Ehab, Nogliki, East, Kolendo. The most powerful push was in Neftegorsk, which was located just 30 kilometers from the epicenter of the earthquake.
In fact, everything was not long - push, and once a beautiful house turned into a shapeless bunch. Although the witnesses said that not all at home immediately collapsed, and some people even managed to jump out of the window, but the falling concrete slabs piled them to the ground.
Most Neftegoretors were killed in their own homes. For some, death was so unexpected that they did not even understand what happened. But the real human tragedy occurred after the earthquake. Those who survived the earthquake were buried alive under the wreckage in the pitch darkness, silence, alone with their thoughts about the terrible fate of loved ones, with knowledge of the inevitability of the end. Miraculously survivors rushing around the city, trying to find their relatives under the wrecks. Chaos continued for a few hours while the rescuers did not profit.
The causes of such a terrible tragedy became not only and not so much a strong earthquake, how much disgusting quality of housing construction, most of the houses in Neftegorsk were large and built, they were in the 60s of the 20th century, built without taking into account the seismicity of the territory, as well as the nighttime nightquarters (hour Nights local time), shallow location of the focus - only 10-15 kilometers and the proximity of Neftegorsk from the epicenter of the earthquake.
In Neftegorsk, the house was scattered entirely, this was not even during the Spitak earthquake of 1988. Mostly residents of the upper floors of buildings survived, and those who lived on the first or second floor were killed almost everything.
Rescue operation. During the day, the Ministry of Emergency Situations were sent to the area of \u200b\u200bthe tragedy, 25 aircraft were involved, 24 helicopters and 66 cars, but for the fourth day the number of equipment increased. A rescue detachment from Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Khabarovsk, Army parts were working in Neftegorsk, and 1642 people took part in the rescue work.
2364 people were removed from the dawn, but for most assistance was already unnecessary.
Economic losses.275 kilometers of oil pipelines were damaged, an oil pumping station, oil collection and preparation points. 200 operational wells and one drilling rig were faced, and economic damage exceeded 125 billion rubles. However, it was later estimated that the total damage was much more, in addition, in the area it was necessary to build more expensive seismically resistant homes. It is believed that more than 600 billion rubles are needed for complete recovery.
On May 28, 2000, a monument was established in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk who died during the Neftegore earthquake.
Causes of earthquake. Sakhalin is in a place where four tectonic plates come into contact - Okhotskaya, Amur, Pacific and Eurasian and earthquakes in the area can be strong enough. In the earthquake zone there was a coating of plates by 3.8 meters, and the length of the rupture was 35 kilometers.
In 1995, in Neftegorsk, a small settlement built for oilmen, a little more than three thousand people lived. Seventeen five-story "Khrushchev", two two-story buildings, a school, four kindergartens, a club, a hospital - that's the entire infrastructure of this town. But despite the small size, Neftegorsk was incredibly cozy. Everyone knew each other here, gathered in large companies in the yard. And how not to meet you, if all the children went to the only, new and bright school.
Neftegora school
Last call
On May 28, 1995, time on the clock 1:03, behind the last call, the music played in the club - yesterday's schoolchildren celebrate so long-awaited freedom from studying, they are looking forward to the examination week. A couple quietly jarled away from a noisy crowd, to the street, they wanted to be as soon as possible in the arms of each other. A few steps behind the threshold and deafening roar literally knocked down. The roof of the club collapsed, without leaving any of the classmates alive. The earthquake went on the waves, the lovers fell to the ground and waited when everything end. It seemed eternity and dead silence reigned in the city.
The earthquake in Neftegorsk lasted only 27 seconds. During this time, the underground shocks by force of 7.6 points destroyed the town to the base. The five-story buildings have developed, as if card houses. For one night, 2040 people died, including 308 children, 720 got serious injuries and only 30 were not injured. About the tragedy until the morning no one knew. Messages in the Ministry of Emergency Situations accepted almost simultaneously.
Destroyed Neftegorsk.
The head of the Department of Militia Neftegoresk was still in the evening. Returning, he simply did not see the city, instead of the cozy streets were destroyed at home. Almost simultaneously with him about the tragedy, pilots of the helicopter, flying to the neighboring Ohta, a larger city, who also suffered from underground jolts, but not as much as Neftegorsk.
From the memories of rescuers: "From the helicopter, a multi-kilometer crack was visible, such a deep, which seemed to burst into the earth ..." Evacued shared memories: "We saw the earthquake destroyed the Crara of the Earth, in some places the peaks of the mountains were aligned, in some places. The land was broken, in one place a huge ravine was formed, and the rails, torn the railway, focused on top of the railway. " There was no connection, water and even food. Those who have not buried the wreckage were forced to independently disassemble the ruins of a tiny store to drink and eat. The roads were also destroyed, the transport connection was made exclusively through the air.
Rescue operation
The city did not make roads, ties, water and even food.
By the arrival of rescuers, some of the inhabitants managed to get from under the collaps the forces of those who were not injured. Physically, they were practically in order, but the psychological state of the oil transport was much worse. They demanded that the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations save themselves to their relatives, they rushed into a fight, crossed from aggression to the state of extreme depression. Some drank vodka and sat on the ruins, others demanded to evacuate them immediately.
The situation was aggravated and complex climatic conditions - a minus temperature was replaced by day heat, up to + 25º C. Bodies of the dead quickly decomposed, the smell did not even withstand experienced rescuers. In addition, there was a risk of distributing serious infectious diseases, everyone had to literally pour the disinfectant solution. The most difficult thing was necessary for those who survived under the rubble.
Living remained under the rubble ...
People on the four-five days were in tiny pockets. Nearby were the dead relatives, familiar. A man in one of the apartments two days talked through the wall with his son, whom he pressed a heavy cabinet. In the morning, the son died on the morning, and his father lost his mind. The liberated from the ruins were forced to independently identify the bodies of their relatives, to beat the coffins with cloth. Because there was no one to engage in such work.
Several times a day, the whole technique stopped the work, the slightest sound sources turned off. The rescuers went around the grooves and tried to hear those who survived in a stone trap. The most latter saved a man on the twelfth day. He suffered slightly, damaged his leg when falling. During the earthquake, he fell into the basement, where there were food reserves and a little water, which allowed to hold out for so long.
Marauding
Even the corpses stole ...
Despite the fact that the natural disaster became the greatest tragedy, there were those who sought to benefit. During the excavations of the Zavalov found people with distant fingers - those who tried to get into the destroyed apartments and bring values, but could not. The slat plates shifted, instantly leading the verdict of the robbers. Most often, these were residents of nearby villages who arrived in the rescue mission. The local population was in shock and could not even think about enrichment.
Even the corpses stole - the relatives of the dead could receive material compensation (up to one million rubles), but since there were no documents, then the money was paid to those who provide the body and receive a death certificate. However, realizing that the frauds are made, the payouts have stopped each a few days after the start of rescue work.
Help foreign rescuers
Japanese doctors had invaluable help.
The 1995 tragedy was the first in which Russia completely refused to help foreign rapid response services. Motivation was simple - the Russian Federation has enough equipment and people to carry out rescue work. This decision was repeatedly criticized, many experts believed that the refusal of help was unreasonable. The boom technicians were too short, and a lot of time left for the analysis of some dawn.
However, the story does not know the subjunctive ignition, and to say, would save the situation of additional staff or, on the contrary, aggravated it, now it is difficult to say. The only ones who worked with the Russians were Japanese doctors. They helped evacuate the victims, there were many more complex operations on the territory of their country.
Neftegorsk: Our days
Monument to the victims of the Neftegore earthquake.
After the dawns were disassembled and the last body was buried, the city stopped existence as an administrative unit. Restoration was considered inappropriate, only a cemetery and a small chapel remained on the territory of Neftegorsk.
Russia is the world's largest country, which, by virtue of the diversity of geographical, geological, climatic conditions, is exposed to various natural phenomena.
Russia - territory of earthquakes
In general, their number can be attributed to the devastating earthquakes representing the shock in the earth's crust due to unstable tectonic processes. Approximately 40% of the country are in the seismic risk area (places with periodicity of earthquakes - approximately every 500 years). For the assumptions of scientists, Petropavlovsk in Kamchatka is considered the most dangerous city for life.
The alarming zones on which fluctuations were recorded in 8-9 points, is Altai, the North Caucasus, Baikal with Transbaikallem, Kuril Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, Sayan Ridge and Sakhalin Island.
Sakhalin: 1995 earthquake
It was on Sakhalin an earthquake by force of 7.6 points took 2040 people in 1995. Over the past 100 years, it was the most destructive, ruthlessly soles from the face of the land of Neftegorsk. Founded in 1964, he was conceived as a settlement for oilmen. It was located on the border of two in the seismically inactive zone (at least it was thought until 1995).
Thicks of different power (from 5 to 7 points) on the night of May 27 to 28 were felt throughout the region, but most of all got a Neftegorsk, because the epicenter of the earthquake was located 25-30 kilometers from him. The fluctuations of the force of 7.6 points for a minute erased Neftegorsk, which was built for 30 years, from the face of the earth. Later, after finding out the reasons for the tragedy, it was found that at home was built on the cheapest technology and the maximum that they could survive, - 6-point earthquake. The colossal savings on human lives loudly reminded himself in this tragic day.
The city that was not
17 five-story houses were destroyed, medical facilities, shops, school, kindergartens, constructions of broadcasting and communications, municipality, as well as the Palace of Culture, in which a disco was held on the occasion of completion of the school year. Of the 26 graduates survived only 9 people; Of the 3197 residents of the city - 1140 people.
An earthquake on the Sakhalin 1995 buried two-thirds of the inhabitants under the rubble, including medical workers died. Therefore, the first help was just no one.
The oil pipeline was damaged and several as a result of which a significant amount of oil was spread over the earth's surface. There was a significant damage, which did not say a word.
More lucky located 60 kilometers north of the city of Ohha, whose number of residents are 45,000 people. In that terrible night, there were no minor violations, there were no human victims.
Rescue operations in Neftegorsk
In the morning, after the earthquake was happening on Sakhalin, there was a strong fog on the island, which prevented to get to the place of tragedy to the rescue team. The nearest airport where the landing could land the aircraft was 65 kilometers, which in combination with bad roads took a lot of time. Therefore, the lost time played not to benefit the victims, they rescue the few of them.
In total, 1500 people took part in the operation to save people, 25 aircraft, 24 helicopters, 66 cars. On the 4th day the number of attracted equipment increased to 267 units. It was in those the fateful days when the earthquake occurred on Sakhalin, for the first time it was applied 5 minutes of silence, when the whole technique was silent once a hour, work stopped and the conversations were stopped in order to hear people under the rubble.
The city, who died in one moment, was decided not to restore. In his place was built a memorial and chapel. Cemetery with buried residents are located nearby.
After the tragedy in Sakhalin occurred in 1995, the earthquake embraced another number of territories, however, with less destruction. In 2003, Mountain Altai suffered, in 2006 - Kamchatka, in 2008 - Chechnya.
Sakhalin: Real-time seismic activity card
To date, everything has changed. Now everyone's Internet of Sakhalin Island can observe the seismic environment in the region. The card developed by scientists specially under the features of this territory allows real-time to observe all the oscillations of the earth's crust. New unique equipment is located at the Institute of Maritime Geology and Geophysics, and each wishes has the ability to track the course of earthquake and its parameters: the coordinates of the epicenter, depth and amplitude. That is, it is possible to give the most correct assessment of the seismic event that occurred. Previously, scientists fixed underground shocks exclusively on paper; Now information about the oscillations of the earth's crust to the data center transmits 15 seismic sensors.
31.03.2015
The earthquake is always scary, but if the earthquake happens on the island, away from the "big" land is a hundred times worse. Indeara, first of all, the means of communication suffer from the catastrophe, and without them it is extremely difficult to coordinate the actions of rescue services. So it happened on the island of Sakhalin in the village of Neftegorsk Neftymen in May 1995. The earthquake began in deep at night. The epicenter of it was registered in thirty kilometers from the shore of the island, and the force was 7 units on the Richter scale. According to scientists, this earthquake has become the most powerful studies in the area of \u200b\u200bseismic activity in the area.
During the jolt, all residents have slept peacefully in their homes, perhaps many of them died in a dream, and without learning or not understood what happened. Subsequently, eyewitnesses testified that most of the buildings simply crumbled into pieces. This was not even during an earthquake in a seta. Specialists confirmed that the buildings were built with terrifying violations in the seismic security. Peaceful people were buried under the wreckage of their own homes. They became victims of the policy of savings carried out in the construction of residential facilities in the 60s.
Rescuers managed to extract only residents of the upper floors alive. All other people were buried alive in the ruins. In addition, since the gas supply of the village was not discontinued, fires began under the ruins of buildings. In total, according to official data, more than two thousand inhabitants were killed under the wreckage of buildings, which amounted to almost 90% of the population of the village. Another 350 is still missing missing. Save 400 people. Many of them were emergency operations to remove limbs, including fifteen children.
Of almost thirty graduates of a local school, where the last call rang on the day before, only nine were left alive. In a rescue operation, volunteers from all over Sakhalin took part with professionals from the Ministry of Emergency Situations. It is since then that rescuers apply a five-minute pause in their practice, when the whole technique stops, people are silent and in full silence all tensely listen to sounds that are coming from the ruins, hoping to hear the voices of still living people.
First aid to the victim came only 17 hours after the earthquake. This is most likely due to such a large number of victims of the tragedy. In connection with the breakdown of the lines of communication on the scale of the disaster, it became known due to the courage of the local policeman, who miraculously survived after falling from the fifth floor of the building in which he lived, and managed to get to the nearest settlement of the city, to report a distress. The earthquake in Neftegorsk is recognized as the most destructive of all that occurred in Russia in the 20th century.
As a result of the catastrophe of the village of oil workers with its living houses and the entire adjacent infrastructure was completely destroyed, and therefore the country's authorities decided to restore it. The surviving families have received support from the state and were able to move according to their desire to either in neighboring settlements, or to the "big" land. Economic damage was rated in four hundred billion rubles. The oil-producing enterprises were injured, kilometers of oil pipelines were destroyed, the oil pumping station and two hundred wells were injured.
Almost a quarter century ago, one of the most catastrophic on the scale of earthquakes happened to Russia. The city of Neftegorsk as a result of this natural catastrophe was 80% destroyed, 62.5% of local residents died. Four months and one day after the tragedy, the village was liquidated.
Eltegorsk village
Neftegorsk in the north of Sakhalin (one of the many Russian settlements with such titles) was founded in 1964. Initially, the urban type village was called the East, later was renamed Neftegorsk. There were oil miners there who worked as a rotative way. The village was designed for a maximum of five thousand people.
It was one of the most comfortable towns on Sakhalin, which today is listed in the list of disappeared (destroyed) settlements. The reason for this was the destructive earthquake of 1995 in Neftegorsk. Officially, the city has ceased to exist on September 29, 1995 - four months and one day after the catastrophe.
After the earthquake, it turned out that the houses that were built in Neftegorsk in the sixties were not at all intended for seismically dangerous zones. In addition, it turned out that there were gross violations of the construction norms. Most of the houses were scattered entirely, which was not even in Spitak in 1988. For reference: Sporty earthquake of magnitude 6-7, which occurred in the north-west of Armenia, 25 thousand people took the lives.
On Sakhalin, such fragile homes were built with the goal to make the construction cheaper. As a result, alive from under the dawn, it was possible to extract mostly residents of the upper floors, many of those who lived on the lower floors were killed under the rubble. So, if not saving the sixties, then many of the victims could be avoided.
Brief prehistory
That year (1995) was a year of emergency seismic activity in the Pacific Ocean. For example, on January 17, 1995, one of the largest earthquakes in Japan occurred. The element practically destroyed the city of Kobe on the island of Avseji. As a result of the catastrophe, more than 6 thousand people died, and material damage was estimated at $ 102.5 billion, which was 2.5% of the country's GDP at that time.
Russian experts seismologists have expected an earthquake in the Far East, in Kamchatka. But the north of Sakhalin, where a catastrophe eventually occurred, was considered less dangerous for seismic activity than the southern part or the Kuril Islands. In addition, most of the seismic stations that were built on Sakhalin in the days of the USSR, by 1995, were already in disrepair.
Earthquake history
In the northeastern part of the coast of Sakhalin Island (Neftegorsk), the earthquake occurred on May 28, 1995 at 1:04. The power of the jokes in the epicenter of the catastrophe reached 8-10 points (according to various estimates). At first they said that the strength of the jolts was 9 points on the Richter scale, later the seismologists came to the conclusion that it was a little less - about 7 points.
Seismic activity was felt not only in the north of the island, but also in many points on the nearest part of the mainland. The village of Okha, Tungor, Kolendo, Sabo, Nogliki, Nekrasovka, East-1, Ehabi and others were injured. But the most difficult consequences of the catastrophe caused in Neftegorsk. The city was 25-30 km from the epicenter of seismic activity.
The earthquake in Neftegorsk (1995) was the most destructive in this region in the entire history of observations, that is, since 1909.
Victims and victims
During the catastrophe, 62.5% of residents of the settlement were killed, 80% of structures were destroyed. 2040 people died, almost 3200 inhabitants lived in the village at that time. On the eve of the city, the last call rang, they spent prom. Of the 26 graduates of the Neftegore School, only nine people remained alive.
In total, more than 55 thousand people were in the zone of seismic activity - this is the population of Neftegoresk, the city of OCA and other settlements that occupied the element. But the most serious consequences, as already mentioned, the catastrophe caused in Neftegorsk. In other cities there were no deaths, minimal destruction was observed.
During the rescue operation after the earthquake in Neftegorsk, which was held for several weeks, more than two thousand people were removed from the dawn, most of whom were dead. More than three and a half hundred people are still listed missing.
Consequences of tragedy
Almost all buildings and structures that managed to build in the city over the past thirty years, as a result of the earthquake in Neftegorsk were destroyed. Seventeen residential five-story buildings, four two-story buildings, four kindergartens and school, club, hospital, and other buildings were irretrievably destroyed. At home they just collapsed under their own weight. In a few minutes they turned into huge piles of slag, fragments of concrete slabs, garbage, building materials.
Several local residents who have not yet slept or managed to quickly assess the situation, jumped out of the windows that saved them from death. But most of the inhabitants of Neftegorsk have already slept. They were buried under the wreckage of their own housing. What is interesting, almost none of one-storey houses in the village were damaged.
As a result of the earthquake on Sakhalin (Neftegorsk, 1995), the power lines, the OCA oil pipeline - Komsomolsk-on-Amur, are damaged, several refinery stations, more than two hundred operating wells, bridges and significant areas of roads. The city remained without telephone communication and medical care. During the earthquake in Neftegorsk, the hospital was completely destroyed, thirty doctors and nurses were killed.
Information about tragedy
According to one version, the pilots of the helicopter were learned about the earthquake, which were carried on the car of oilmen. On the other, the senior sergeant of the Neftegore police police A. Glebov, who survived after the jump from the fifth floor, was able to get out of the ride and get to the ROVD. The building was destroyed, 14 police officers died (five more remained alive, but were injured in varying severity), there was no telephone connection, other ways to contact someone too. Then Glebov, taking advantage of the surviving all-terrain vehicle, went to the next village (Sabo), from where the incident could inform them in Ohu. Then the message went to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk and, finally, to Moscow.
The first emergency assistance in the village was directed from Sabo, later in Neftegorsk, other rescuers arrived.
More than nine hours, regional and federal authorities did not have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhat was happening in Neftegorsk. The communication lines were damaged, and other information transfer tools were absent. That is why in the district center (OKU) could not specify the information on Neftegorsk and estimate the scale of the catastrophe.
Rescue operation
The rescuers and military from the Far Eastern regions began to arrive at Neftegorsk after the earthquake. In total, more than 1.6 thousand employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Emergency Situations and other departments participated in the search and rescue operation. Also, almost 50 helicopters and aircraft, 66 cars, almost 200 units of equipment, a cynological service were involved.
Then the EMERCOM of Russia first began to apply "Silence Hour". For a while, the rescuers drove all the technique and stopped working, listening to the sounds from under the wreckage. There could be survived, some of them tried to knock on the nearby subjects to show their location to rescuers. This technique later became international practice when parsing the dawns after man-made or natural disasters.
The greatest number of dead was extracted from the dumps after the earthquake in Neftegorsk only for the tenth day. The surviving during the rescue operation managed to detect only a little more than four hundred people, 37 of which died at the evacuation stages or in hospitals.
About two hundred victims were evacuated by special sides of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in Moscow, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Vladivostok and Khabarovsk. Rescuers delivered for existing more than sixty tons of humanitarian aid.
Damage and material assistance
The material damage of the Sakhalin region inflicted by the earthquake is estimated at 600 billion rubles in the prices of 1995. The disaster zone, humanitarian assistance sent more than a hundred states, was rendered to $ 70 million. According to the estimates of 1996, the overall economic damage was estimated at $ 425 million (2 trillion rubles in 1995 prices).
Material assistance was provided to the victims of the families of those killed in the earthquake in Neftegorsk. The victims paid almost 200 dollars, the families of the victims - $ 1,180 (each member of the family in equal shares). All those who survive residents of the city received material compensation - 10.5 thousand dollars per family.
Further destiny village.
It was decided not to restore the village. The survivors moved to South Sakhalinsk and other cities. The latest from Neftegorsk left the division of the columns, Omon. The village was liquidated in the fall of 1995.
Memory of victims
A memorial was built on the site of destroyed houses, which today reminds of the tragedy that occurred in Neftegorsk on May 28, 1995. The dead residents of the village are buried in common graves, a memorial stove is installed nearby. There are also memorial plates with house rooms at those places where there were previously residential neighborhoods. Relatives of the dead and former residents of the village come to Neftegorsk every year to honor the memory of the earthquake victims.
Another monument was installed in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (on the station Square) in 2000.
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