Kiev is rightfully considered the oldest city and one of the most beautiful among European capitals. It is shown that on its territory of the settlement there were about twenty thousand years ago.
Historian Ilovai D.I. At the end of the nineteenth century, the population of Kiev in the era of ancient Russia was published for the first time. According to the founded historical chronicles, 100,000 people lived in Kiev in the XII century. This figure is approved by other researchers. Modern historians believe that Kiev's population at that time reached 120,000 people. Such a discrepancy in the figures shows the invertation of the research methodology. After all, concrete facts can be found in the chronicles, which speaks of marine ulcers, fires, the number of troops, which were coming to the fight against the enemy. There should not be aside and evidence of foreign travelers who indicate extensive size of the city and the number of its inhabitants.
According to historical facts, 30 thousand people lived in Novgorod in the XIII century, in London in the XI century - 20 thousand people (in the XIV century - about 35 thousand), Gdansk and Hamburg were in the XII century to 20 thousand people. If you compare with the number of Slavic and Western European cities of that time, we can conclude that Kiev is greatly surpassed. He was the largest trading and craft center.
Much later, scientists learned more accurate statistical data from archaeological sources. In the XVII century, they differed little from the major cities of the ancient world. At that time, one hectare of the earth territory accounted for 100-150 people. The average population density was 125 people. on 1 hectare. Consequently, 47.5 thousand people lived on 380 hectares. In terms of population, Kiev at this time was considered an opponent of Constantinople. And these end of the eighteenth century indicate that the population of Kiev at this time was about 30 thousand people.
In the post-Soviet period was the only region of the country, where the number of inhabitants retained stability for a decade.
Modern Kiev, the population of which is 2.9 million people according to 2010, is constantly growing. Every year, the number of Kievans increases by the arrival of migrants from rural and small urban regions of Ukraine. Only for the first two quarters of 2010, the population of Kiev due to migration increased by 880 people. These are the official facts of the main Kiev statistics management. Also on the increase in the number of residents, the number of newborn children was also reflected. The official digit is 810 kids. The natural growth of Kiev has long been negative.
The bulk of the city's population is Ukrainians. The rest of the national composition of Kiev is formed by Belarusians, Jews, Russians, Poles and Moldovans. According to the Constitution, the state language is Ukrainian. But many residents of the capital are fluent in Russian languages \u200b\u200band communicate on it.
The main part of the Kievan is confess to Orthodoxy. This is due to the historical past of Kiev. The religion of some residents (Poles, immigrants from Western Ukraine and Belarus) is Catholicism.
General and history
Kiev (in Ukrainian - Kyiv, in Old Russian - Kyѥv) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, its separate administrative-territorial unit, the center of the Kiev region, its Kiev-Svyatoshinsky district and Kiev agglomeration. In addition, it is the seventh city in Europe by the population, as well as the cultural, scientific, political, religious, socio-economic and transport center of Ukraine. Located in the north of Ukraine, on the Dnipro River. Has the status of the city-hero. Based on about 6 - 9th centuries. Unofficial names are the mother of the cities of Russian and the new Jerusalem.
The first people on the territory of the Kiev region lived 15 - 20 thousand years ago.
According to the legend, Kiev was founded by brothers Kii, cheeks, chorive and their sister Lybed, as the capital of Polyan. In 882, the city was conquered by the Rurikovsky Dynasty, Novgorod Prince Oleg, who made Kiev with his residence and the capital of the ancient Russian state. At that time, the city wore another name - Samvatas. At least until 1132, Kiev was the political center of Kievan Rus. This year, the princes of Vladimir Monomakh and Mstislav the Great (his son) died. During fragmentation, Kiev formally remained an older table of Russia. For this reason, they tried to take possession of all the strong princes. In the 1169th, his prince Andrei Bogolyubsky delimited him, and in 1203 - defeated Smolensky Prince Rurik Rostislavovich. The weakened city in the 1240th finished Mongol-Tatars.
In 1324, the Kiev principality became the Vassal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and they began to edit Mindovg Golzhansky, the founder of the Golzhansky dynasty. From the 1362th Kiev entered the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the 1569th-speech by compulculation, and in 1654 he switched to the street of the Moscow king, "which was officially confirmed in 1667. In the period from 1627 to 1708, Kiev was the regimental center of the Kiev regiment - the military and administrative-territorial unit of hetmans. Then he became the capital of the Kiev province.
In September 1917, Kiev, His province, the Office of the Military District was entered into the Russian republic, and after the October Revolution - in submission of the Provisional Government. Then, until 7 (20), in Kiev, the authorities have repeatedly changed until she took into his hands the Ukrainian Central Rada. From 16 (29) January 1918 in the city for six days the unsuccessful January uprising of the Bolsheviks lasted, after which the independent Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed, with the capital in Kiev. January 26 (February 8) Kiev took the Bolsheviks. In a month, the Ukrainian People's Republic, thanks to Simono Vasilyevich Petlyreur, the city returned. On April 29, the Germans overthrew the central Rada and put on the head of the Ukrainian state (Ukrainian Power) Pavel Petrovich Scoropadsky. In December, Petlyra took the city again. In 1919-20, Kiev alternately owned red and voluntary army, as well as the Polish army.
In the summer of 1920, the Soviet government was finally established in the city. After fourteen years, the capital of the Ukrainian SSR was transferred from Kharkov to Kiev.
July 11, 1941, not far from Kiev began fighting. In September, the 37th-army of the Red Army, defeated Kiev, left him and the Germans entered the city. During the occupation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Babi Yar, a camp of death was located, where over one hundred thousand Kievans and prisoners of war were killed. Most of the Jews after the seizure of Kiev managed to evacuate. The remaining 29-30 September 1941 were shot in Babi Yar. There were over 33.7 thousand people. In addition, in 1941-42, another 15 thousand Jews were killed. On November 3, 1943, the Kiev offensive operation was launched, as a result of which on November 6, the city was released.
In the post-war, Kiev began to actively develop. For example, in it, in 1951 the first MESM computer was created in the Soviet Union and Continental Europe. In nine years, the metro was opened. In 1961, the city was awarded the medal "For the defense of Kiev" and the Order of Lenin. Four years later Kiev received the title of "Hero City".
On August 24, 1991, Kiev became the capital of independent Ukraine. From November 2004 to January 2005, an orange revolution was held in it, and from November 2013 to February 2014, the city became the venue for the main events of Euromaidan.
Areas of Kiev
Kiev is administratively divided by ten areas: Goloseevsky (Square - 160 km², population (2015) - 246 343), Darnitsky (132.24 km², population (same year) - 331 553), Desnyansky (154.2 km², population - 368 216), Dniprovsky (66.7 km², Population - 354 291), Obolonsky (110.32 km², Population - 320 211), Pechersky (19,57 km², Population - 151 455), Podolsky (34.08 km² , Population - 197 741), Svyatoshinsky (102.63 km², Population - 340 607), Solomensky (40.52 km², Population - 362 720) and Shevchenkovsky (26.63 km², Population - 227 783).
These areas, in turn, are divided into such residential arrays, historical areas and industries, as:
Goloseevsky: VDNH, Goloseevo, Demiiyevka, Good Way, Zhovtnevoy (Bagrinova Mountain), Zabikaitye, Kitaevo, Komsomolskaya, Court (and Promzone-Simony), Installer, Mousetrap, Lower Telicha , Saporny Slobodka, Teremki-I, Teremki-II, Feofania, Chapaevka, Shirma, Promsons on Vasilkovskaya Street and Telich.
. Darnitsky: Bortnitchi (and the Promzone Simony), the industrial area Darnitsky, DBRZ, New Darnitsa, the village of Osokorki (and the Promzone of the same name), Poznyaki and Shevchenko, Poznyaki (and the Prozone Simony), Rembaz, Northern Isocarks and the Kharkiv array.
. Desnyansky: Bykovnya, Vigovshchina-Troyeshchyna, Forest Massif, Village Troyeshchina, Industrial Areas of Dniprovsky and Troyeshchina.
. Dniprovsky: Bereznyaki, Resurrection, Hydropark, Darnitsky Array, DBRZ, Komsomolsky, Levoberezhny, Nikolskaya Slobodka, Rainbow Array, Rusanovka, Rusanovsky Gardens, Society, Old Darnitsa, Trukhanov Island, industrial areas Voskresensky and Dneprovsky.
. Obolonsky: Vyshgorodsky, DVS, Minsk, Obolon, Petrovka, Priorka, Pushchal, and Industrial District Podolsko-Kurenovsky.
. Pechersky: Upper Telichk, Wisther, Lipki, Pechersk, Sapurior Field, Cherepanova Mountain and Black Mountain.
. Podolsky: Beliche Field, Berkhets, Vinogradar, Wind Mountains, Kurenovka, Mostitsky, Hem, Priori and Floriculture.
. Svyatoshinsky: Aviagorodok, Akademgorodok, Belichi, Bratskaya Borschagovka, Galagany, Zhovtnevoy, Mikhailovskaya Borschagovka, Nikolskaya Borschagovka (and the Promzone of the same name), Nivka, Novobelichi, Otradny, Victory, Svyatoshini Yuzhnoborchkovsky.
. Solomensky: Alexandrovskaya Slobodka, Batueva Mountain, Hebobs, Railway Colony, Zhulyani, Slipseed Array, Cadet Grove, Karavaev Dachi, Novokaravaev Dacha, Otradny (and Simony Promzemon), Pervomaysky, Panning, Scoop, Solomenka, Turkish Town, Chocover, Shoulder and Promozone Near the post-Volynsky station.
. Shevchenkovsky: Volleykov, Kudryavets, Lukyanovka, Nivka, Soldier's Slobodca, raw, Tatarka, Shoulder and PromZon on Degtyarevskaya Street.
The population of Kiev for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Kiev
These quantities of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service www.gks.ru. Also, the data were taken with a single interdepartmental information and statistics system, the official website of the EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The site published data on the number of residents of Kiev. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Kiev by year, the tendency of demographics in different years is depicted below.
Schedule Changes in the population of Kiev:
As of 2015, 2,900,920 people lived in Kiev. Density - 3408 people / km². The population of Kiev agglomeration was 4,071,000 people.
In recent years, the number of Kiev has increased by about 20,000 people annually. For example, for the year, from November 1, 2014, the number of citizens rose by 0.61%. Natural growth is also positive and higher than the average in Ukraine (2.2 / 1000 and -4.17 / 1000, respectively). In 2014, the fertility coefficient was 12.1 / 1000, and mortality - 10.4 / 1000. The coefficients of migration flows are the following: the number of arrivals - 171.5 / 1000, declining - 121.3 / 1000. Migration growth amounted to 50.2.
In 1917, the national composition of the city was distributed as follows: Russians - 54.7%, Jews - 19%, Ukrainians - 12.2%. In addition, representatives of another 65 nations lived in Kiev. In 2001, the number of Ukrainians amounted to 82.2%, and Russians - 13.1%. In 2006, in the course of a survey, 83% Kiev residents called themselves Ukrainians, 14% - Russians, 3% - Armenians, Belarusians, Jews, Poles and others.
It can also be said that from 1989 to 2001, the number of Ukrainians rose from 72.5 to 82.2%. The share of other nations has decreased. The number of Russians over the years has decreased from 20.9 to 13.1%, Belarusians - from 25.3 to 16.5 thousand people, and Poles - from 10.4 to 6.9 thousand people. The share of Jews from 1959 to 2001 decreased from 13.9 to 0.7%.
Representatives of such denominations and religions live in Kiev as: Grecocatolics, Jews, Catholics, Muslims and Orthodox.
Ethnooronim: Kievans, Kiev, Kiev.
Kiev photo of the city. Photo of Kiev
Information about the city Kiev in Wikipedia:
Link to Kiev site. Many additional information you can take by reading them on the official website of Kiev, the official portal of Kiev and the government.
Official site of Kiev
Map of Kiev. Kiev Yandex Maps
Created using the Yandex service Folk card (Yandex Map), while decreasing, you can understand the location of Kiev on the map of Russia. Kiev Yandex Maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Kiev with the name of the streets, as well as house numbers. On the map there are all the designations of Kiev, it is convenient to use it and is not difficult.
On the page you can familiarize yourself with some description of Kiev. Just see the location of the city of Kiev on the map of Yandex. Detailed describing and labels of all objects of the city.
Kiev was and remains the most attractive city for Ukrainians. Every year tens of thousands of people come here in search of a better life and opportunities for self-development. What is the real population of Kiev today? And how much does it differ from those numbers that are published in official sources?
Let's try to answer these and some other questions in our article.
Kiev: the population is official and actual
Demographers and stars, assessing the number of residents of cities, allocate three types of population:
- official (the number of inhabitants, which is published in official sources and statistical reports);
- real (the actual number of inhabitants, which lives in a particular city, taking into account illegal migrants and unregistered citizens);
- The "day" population is the number of residents of the city, taking into account pendulum migrations.
All these types are valid for any modern city, including Kiev.
The population of the Ukrainian capital, according to the beginning of 2015, has 2 million 890 thousand people. But these are official numbers. Some researchers, in particular from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, argue that the population of Kiev is already 3.15 million people (taking into account unregistered citizens and temporarily working migrants).
Kiev is a leader city in the country by the number of residents, almost 7% of the total population of Ukraine lives within its limits. Following the capital there is Kharkov, in which there are about 1.6 million people.
Population of Kiev agglomeration
In addition to Kiev, there is also such a thing as a Kiev agglomeration. It is a nadilian formation, consisting of, in fact, Kiev, as well as a number of people around the surrounding settlements. Urbanists allocate three main factors that contributed to the formation and development of this agglomeration. These include:
- The arrangement of agglomeration at the intersection of important transport routes.
- The presence of the largest water artery is the Dnipro River.
- The capital status of the core of the agglomeration, which is the city of Kiev.
The population of Kiev agglomeration, according to experts, has at least four million inhabitants.
It includes two rings of satellite cities. First include Vyshgorod, Cherry, Vorzel, Glevakha and Irpen. By the second - Vasilkov, Boyarka, Brovary, Obukhov, Borispol and Ukrainian.
Kiev: population of the capital and its dynamics by year
It is known that in the second century in the ancient Kiev, up to 50 thousand people lived. However, as a result of the invasion of Tatar-Mongols in 1241, the city was completely destroyed. And it was able to return to the mark of 500,000 people only in the middle of the XIX century. And by the time of the beginning of the First World War, the population of Kiev has increased almost ten times and was about half a million people.
Already during the independence of Ukraine, the rapid growth of the city's population began in 2003. So, over the past ten years, the population of Kiev increased by 10%. For only 2014, the number of residents of the Ukrainian capital rose by 20 thousand.
Demographic forecasts for Kiev for the near future are as follows: By 2025, the official population of the city will be about 3.3 million people. At the same time, the de facto within the city will live at least 4 million people, and his "day" population will grow to 4.3 million.
Demographic flourishing of the capital
Kiev is the only city in Ukraine, which in recent years has a positive dynamics of the growth of its permanent population. The number of residents of the capital every year increases by several tens of thousands of people. What attracts Ukrainians to Kiev? As in any other European country, the capital of the state is always ready to offer a wider choice in the employment market. In addition, labor pay in Kiev is 1.5-2 times higher than in other regions and cities of Ukraine.
According to the forecasts of many experts, including international organizations, the population of Kiev will continue to increase in the coming decades. By 2025, his number, as some experts suggest, can grow up to 3.5 million people. And this is excluding residents of nearby satellite cities and suburban zone.
Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition of the population of the city
According to the ethnic composition, the first dozen nationalities of the city of Kiev looks like this: Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, Belarusians, Poles, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Georgians and Moldovans. About 82% of the city's population is the indigenous people of the country - Ukrainians. The share of Russians in Kiev has a little less than 13%. Jews in the city - about 0.7%.
According to the last 2001 census, about 72% of Kievans consider Ukrainian, 25% - Russian. Interestingly, a hundred years ago, the language situation in Kiev was absolutely opposite.
As for the religious composition of the population, 64% of Kiev residents attributed to believers. Of these, most are parishioners of the Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate. The temples of the Moscow Patriarchate are attended by about 18% of the most believing residents of the capital.
However, by the number of registered religious communities in the city, Protestants occupy the absolute lead. As of 2010, 263 Protestant churches were registered in Kiev.
The population of Kiev by districts
The Ukrainian capital is divided into 10 administrative units. The population of Kiev regions is displayed in the following table (administrative units are located in it according to a decrease in the number of residents):
Finally...
Kiev is the capital of Ukraine and its largest megalopolis. In addition, this is the only country cities that shows the positive dynamics of population growth. Today in Kiev lives from 2.9 to 3.2 million people.
The year of its territory of republican subordination is also one of the most populous administrative-territorial units of the country, which is largely due to the long-standing migration attractiveness of Kiev as the capital of the country. In early 2015, almost 7% of the population of Ukraine lived in his borders. Despite the active decline in the population of post-Soviet Ukraine, the decrease in the population of Kiev was observed only in the 90s, decreasing from 3 to 2.6 million inhabitants. In 2000s and 2010, the lost population felt migrated from other regions. After 2014, the influx of migrants from other regions was significantly increased. Approximately 10% of persons constantly de facto living in Kiev are prescribed in other regions of Ukraine.
Migration
Migration plays a crucial role in the formation of the population of Kiev, and mostly rural. It allows the city to maintain a relatively young age structure and maintain high (for Ukraine). Natural population growth: so, even in the difficult economic period between 1989-2001, the population of the capital has increased by 3%. But it also has a significant impact on the transformation of the national language environment of the city.
The most important role of migration is confirmed by both the population censuses and recent surveys. According to the 2014 survey, only 45.0% of respondents were born in Kiev. At the same time, only 18.9% of the inhabitants of the capital both parents were also born in Kiev. The indigenous Kievans are significantly different in national affiliation, and even more expressly - in language preferences from non-cristed Kiev, which currently make up the majority (55.0%) of the permanent population of the capital.
The distribution of the population who arrived in Kiev in the territories of disposal during 1968-1969. 1970. Census
In the Soviet period, the population of Kiev rapidly grew as at the expense of the Republican (where the village of Sellian prevailed), and at the expense of the Republican migration (where the prevalence of citizens was obvious). As for within the republican migration in the Ukrainian SSR, in the Soviet period, the population of Kiev (as well as such cities as Minsk, Tbilisi, Vilnius, Chisinau, Frunze, Dushanbe, Yerevan was replenished with migrants preferably from the village, and not from other cities of the republic, as it was , for example, in Moscow or Tallinn.
Natural population movement
Thanks to migration, throughout the twentieth century, especially in his second half, young migrants from Ukrainian-speaking regions actively arrived in Kiev. As a result, in the very capital itself, a relatively favorable sexual structure is maintained that contributes to maintaining a relatively prosperous reproductive situation. So in 2012, according to official data, the population of Kiev increased by 30.77 thousand people, including thanks to a positive bulk of migration growth - by 24.72 thousand people (according to this indicator Kiev is an absolute leader of Ukraine), but also And due to a positive natural increase - by 6.05 thousand.
National composition
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Kiev experienced a rather fast transformation from a small city with a predominance of ethnic Russians (54.7%), followed by Jews (19.0%), to a large metropolis, actively absorbing immigrants from Ukrainian villages. In 1989, 71.4% of the population of the capital identified themselves as ethnic Ukrainians (according to this indicator the city became one of the most reenigated capitals of the Republic of USSR), 20.9% - ethnic Russians, 3.9% - ethnic Jews. Further in the number followed the Belarusians and Poles. At the same time, Kiev, as well as the Crimean region and Sevastopol, where the powerful flow inside the Ukrainian migration was sent, were the only regions of Ukraine, where the share of ethnic Ukrainians grew up in the Soviet period, and the Russians fell, and in Kiev - more than doubled, with absolute growth.
This process especially accelerated after Ukraine's independence gained, when almost all children from mixed marriages have identified themselves as Ukrainians. At the same time, a more detailed analysis of surveys shows that significant differences in the ethnic self-identification of natives of Kiev remain (among which up to 90% determine themselves as Ukrainians and only 7% - as Russians) and not natives (83% - Ukrainians, 13% - Russians), Most of which are the people of the older generation, who arrived in Kiev on the distribution in Soviet times). Language preferences of Kyivlin have a completely different dynamics. According to the data for 2014, the natives of Kiev for the most part (53%) prefer to use Russian to communicate in the family. For comparison, among migrants there were only 19%. It is noteworthy however, the fact that almost half of migrants (49%) on arrival in Kiev inside the family begin to use Russian and Ukrainian languages \u200b\u200bin equal volumes. The share of intra-Ukrainian-Ukrainian bilinguals among indigenous Kievs is noticeably less (35%), but it remains significant.
The Jewish community was also strongly reduced in the second half of the twentieth century due to assimilation, emigration and natural decrease, and at present almost disappeared with the visible ethnic map of the city.
At the end of the twentieth century of the twentieth centuries in Kiev, immigrant communities were formed from representatives of the nationalities of foreign countries, which include Vietnamese, Afghans, Arabs, Turks, Kurds, Pakistanis, people from African countries. Many of them initially appeared in Kiev as transit migrants on the path of the EU country, but over time they were integrated into the Kiev community often through employment in large markets or marriages with the local Slavic population.
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