MORPHOLOGY
NOUN
A noun is a part of speech that denotes an object or phenomenon and answers the questions who? what?: book, cat, run, doctor, Uncle Fyodor.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Constant signs
Declension
Variable signs
Noun parsing plan
I. Part of speech.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form(Name of p. units).
2. Constant features: a) proper or common noun, b) animate or inanimate: c) gender; d) declination:
3. non-permanent signs: a) death; b) number.
III. Syntactic role.
Let's get acquainted with the basic concepts of the section
1. Guided tour of the textbook. Find topics in the textbook that deal with nouns. What topics were you partially introduced to? primary school? What rules for spelling nouns will you learn?
2. Knowledge auction. Review the table. Name the terms and concepts that you know from what you have studied previously. What terms correspond to them in Ukrainian?
3. Write down 2 examples of proper nouns: names of planets, continents, countries, seas, rivers, lakes, regions, cities, villages.
4. Using the materials from the table, determine the declension of the nouns country, village, aunt, uncle, city, village, day, news.
5. Analyze the endings of the nouns given in the table: game (1st cl.), tree (2nd cl.), shadow (3rd cl.). Write down what endings the nouns have in the given forms.
1st sk.: R. p. - ..., D. p. - ..., P. p. - ...;
2nd script: P. p - ...;
3rd sk.: R. p. - ..., D. p. - ..., P. p. - ....
6. Change the cases of the words: village (modeled on the word game), city (modeled on the word tree), news (modeled on the word shadow). Highlight the endings of the nouns.
7. Is it possible to pronounce the words taxi, blinds, cockatoo? From exercises § 6-7, write down 5 examples of similar nouns
§eleven. Noun as part of speech: general meaning, morphological features, syntactic role. Animate and inanimate nouns
76 Analysis of theoretical material
1. Consider the diagram on p. 42. What does a noun mean?
2. Read the theoretical material of the paragraph and compare it with the definition given in the text of exercise 64. What new have you learned about the noun?
A noun is an independent part of speech that answers the questions who? or what? and denotes objects of the surrounding world (house, table), living beings and plants (bird, pine tree, boy), actions and states (running, rest), geographical names(Ukraine, Dnieper), natural phenomena (blizzard, rain).
Nouns have gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural) and change by case.
In a sentence, a noun can be the subject
3. Ask each other questions to check your understanding of the material being studied. The winner is the one who asks the last question.
Read the words. From each group of cognate words, write down nouns. Identify the morphemes in them.
Distant, distant, far away, move away; white, whiteness, white, will turn white; arrive, arrival, ride; ask, petition, request.
78 Educational cheating
1. Copy the text. Above each noun write its gender and number.
Dnieper is the largest river system Ukraine. The territory of its basin occupies almost half of the country. Dnepr – lowland river, it has a winding channel, many islands and shoals.
Forms sleeves. A cascade of reservoirs has been formed along the entire length of the river. The river flows into the Dnieper estuary of the Black Sea.
According to S. Sklyarenko and T. Iovleva
2. Indicate the root, stem and ending of nouns.
1. Look at the reproduction of E. Hunt’s painting “Country Yard”. Write down examples of animate and inanimate nouns. On what basis did you differentiate them?
2. Formulate your own definition of animate and inanimate nouns. Check your definition against the definition. given in the theoretical material of the paragraph (see Exercise 80).
E. Hunt. Country yard. 1900s
1. Read the theoretical material of the paragraph. What new things have you learned about animate and inanimate nouns?
One of the morphological features of all nouns is animate/inanimate.
Animate nouns include the names of living beings: people, animals, insects, etc. They answer the question who?: nephew, hare, turkey, bee. IN accusative case animate nouns answer the question whom?: I have never seen (who?) alive
Inanimate nouns include the names of objects and phenomena of inanimate nature, plants and abstract concepts. They answer the question what?, tree, rain, book, mood. In the accusative case inanimate names nouns answer the question what?: We looked at (what?) wonderful
2. The question of which case coincides with the question of the accusative case for animate nouns? What about inanimate nouns?
81 Word-formation work
1. From these words, form and write nouns using the suffixes indicated in brackets. What meaning does each suffix give to words?
1. Ukraine, Mexico, painting, chronicle(s).
Basketball, tennis, football, gymnasium (-ist).
City, village, Paris, south (Anin/Yanin).
2. Buy, explore, turn off, heat (-tel).
Vegetable garden, hunting, tea, steam (-nickname).
Bell, finger, hare, fly, machine gun (-chick).
2. Indicate borrowed words.
Note!
IN fiction, especially in poetry, addresses are often addressed to inanimate objects: Wind-wind, You are powerful, You drive flocks of clouds (A. Pushkin).
Attributing properties and characteristics of animate objects to inanimate ones is personification and an artistic device.
Describe E. Hunt's painting (see Exercise 79) using supporting phrases. Indicate the case of animate and inanimate nouns.
The artist’s painting depicts…. In the foreground we see... On right…. left…. On the background….
1. Copy the sentences using punctuation marks. Indicate references expressed by animate (animate) and inanimate (inanimate) nouns.
1. My little mirror, tell me and tell me the whole truth (A. Pushkin). 2. Grandma, you lost your wallet (E. Permyak). 3. Boys, you still don’t understand anything in life! (Go to). 4. Hello sun and merry morning! (I. Nikitin). Wallet
2. Write down two words that have more letters than sounds. Record their transcription.
This is interesting
The linguistic concept of animate/inanimate does not always coincide with the biological concept of living and inanimate. For example, in Russian the words doll, queen, kite, snowman are grammatically animate nouns (the forms of the genitive and accusative cases coincide), and the words crowd, youth, humanity are grammatically inanimate (the forms of the nominative and accusative cases are the same).
1. Read the text. Give it a title.
2. Write down the animate nouns. Retell the text using them as reference words.
Childhood... The novels of T. Mayne Reid, F. Cooper, J. Verne, E. Seton-Thompson, and of course “Robinson Crusoe” were read to the holes.
How I would like to become the hero of amazing adventures myself, a participant in long, tempting journeys! But how long before that? The boys' dreams found their way out. What I read turned into an exciting game. Every Sunday they went out of town, where they were no longer high school students, but Indians and travelers, Robinsons and Fridays, investigators and intelligence officers. They lit fires, baked potatoes in the hot ash, cooked fish soup that smelled of bitter smoke, built huts, slept in the forest, played various games in the winter, and skied.
According to G. Grodensky
4. Do word-formation analysis and analysis based on the composition of the highlighted word. What is this method of forming words called?
1. Read the sentence. Express its meaning in your own words in three different ways.
2. Write down the sentences you have composed.
How I would like to become the hero of amazing adventures myself (G. Grodensky).
86 Oral essay
Option 1. What book or movie would you like to be the hero of? Describe an episode you would like to participate in.
Option 2. Imagine: you are participating in a screen test and trying to convince the directors that you should play a role in this episode. When describing an episode, try to explain the reasons why you would like to be its hero.
Learn to study, learn to communicate, learn to live. How to behave and how to convince
1. Speak confidently.
2. Be friendly.
3. Focus on the positive.
4. Respect the opinion of your interlocutor.
5. Don't argue for the sake of arguing.
Test your knowledge
Find the inaccuracy in the statement.
1. Only nouns denoting living beings are considered animate.
2. Grammatically, animacy is manifested in the coincidence of the forms of the nominative and accusative cases.
What morphological features of nouns have you already studied? Using the materials from the table on p. 42, indicate the signs you know in the nouns baby, on a statue, about animals.
1. Copy the text of exercise 84, inserting the missing letters and missing punctuation marks.
2. Do phonetic analysis words scouts.
The main members of a sentence or its basis are the subject and the predicate. They are closely related to each other. The subject answers questions in the nominative case: who or what. For example: “(What?) Autumn has come.” "The students (who?) prepared for the lesson." Most often, the subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case. "It snowed (what?) thickly."
Predicate – second main member sentences, which, as a rule, are associated with the subject and answer the questions: what does the subject do, what happens to it, who is it, what is it like? Predicates are simple verbal and compound.
A compound nominal predicate usually consists of a linking verb and a nominal part, which expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate.
In a compound, the nominal part can also be expressed as a noun. For example: "She's mine." "She was my sister." In the first sentence, “sister” is in the nominative case and is a predicate, and in the second sentence, the noun in the instrumental case “sister” is the nominal part of the compound predicate “was a sister.”
The predicate can be a noun with or without, standing in the indirect case. For example: “He’s penniless.” Here “penniless” is the predicate. It can also be expressed as a whole phrase in which the main word is a noun in the case (in the meaning qualitative assessment). For example: "This young man tall". In this sentence, the phrase “tall” is a predicate.
Secondary members of a sentence expressed by a noun
Words that explain the main and remaining members of a sentence are called sentence members. According to grammatical meanings, complement and circumstance are distinguished.
Most often, the noun in a sentence is an object. This is a minor member that denotes an object and answers questions about oblique cases. For example: “Back in school, I chose a (what?) profession.” The noun “profession” in this sentence is in the accusative case and is an object.
It can also be expressed as an indivisible phrase, which includes nouns in oblique cases. For example: "On the winter vacation Masha went to her grandfather with ". Here the phrase "with grandmother" is an addition.
Special view definitions - the application is always expressed by a noun, which is placed in the same case as the word being defined. For example: “An old watchman appeared on the threshold.” The noun "old man" is an application.
Another minor member of the sentence - the definition, denoting the characteristics of the subject, answers the questions: which and whose? It can also be expressed by a noun or a syntactically integral phrase (noun and adjective). For example: “Hunting (what?) with a dog is wonderful.” The noun "with the dog" in this sentence is a modifier. Or: “A tall woman (what?) entered the room.” Here the definition is “tall.”
The circumstance answers the questions: how, why, when, why? It explains the predicate or other members of the sentence and denotes a sign of an action or other sign. It can also be expressed as a noun. For example: “Masha (how?) looked at the book with curiosity.” “Three girls were spinning under the window (when?) late in the evening.” "For joy (why?) She clapped her hands."
Sources:
- Noun as part of speech
The noun is one of the most frequently used parts of speech in the Russian language. It is used to designate objects, but it can also perform other functions. What signs might she have?
A noun, which is often called simply a noun, is a special part of speech, the range of application of which in the Russian language is very wide. Quite often it is used to designate various kinds of objects (for example,), but can also denote actions (for example, running), states (for example, fear) or qualities (for example,) of objects and persons. All these variants of nouns are united by the fact that they must answer the question “Who?” or “What?”
Morphological and syntactic features of a noun
The morphological features of this part include three main categories - gender, case and number. Moreover, each of these characteristics has a variable nature, although the degree of this variability may vary. Thus, in the Russian language, a noun can belong to one of three genders (masculine, feminine or neuter), be in one of six cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental or prepositional), have the form of one of two numbers (singular or plural). In this case, the change in cases and numbers is usually called declension.
The syntactic features of this part of speech include the positions that a noun can occupy in a sentence. So, most often it acts as a subject, informing about what or who is the subject of the action being performed. However, it can also act as a complement, a definition (mainly consistent with the rest of the sentence through prepositions), an adverbial circumstance (for example, an adverb of place) and other members of the sentence.
Other features of a noun
The next group of features that are usually distinguished in relation to a noun are the so-called lexical features. They are divided into two main groups: proper nouns, denoting the names and names of unique objects, and common nouns, denoting general categories of objects that are similar to each other. Thus, examples of proper names include Murka, Ivan Ivanovich, Elbrus, while common nouns include cat, man and mountain.
In addition, all objects denoted by nouns are divided into animate, that is, representatives of living nature, and inanimate, that is, related to inanimate nature. It is quite easy to distinguish them from each other: the first answer the question “Who?”, the second answer the question “What?”. In addition, nouns are sometimes divided into concrete, material, abstract, collective and singular, depending on the class of objects they denote.
Video on the topic
Sources:
- What are the characteristics of a noun as a part of speech?
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Basic model of threats to the security of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems (approved by the Deputy Director of the FSTEC of Russia on February 15, 2008);
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The sentence is one of the basic units of syntax. It represents a complete thought and can consist of one or more words. From a grammatical point of view, a sentence has members - main ones (subject and predicate), as well as secondary ones (this is What is the syntactic role of this or that part of speech in a sentence? We will try to understand this question below: we will only consider
Syntactic role of the noun
As a rule, it acts as the main member of a sentence or addition. But the peculiarity of this part of speech is that it can become any member of a sentence. In their primary role, nouns can be qualified, for example, by adjectives, pronouns, participles, with agreement in categories such as gender, number and case. Also, a noun can form syntactic structures with verbs, adverbs and predicative words.
Syntactic role of the adjective
The most common role of an adjective in a sentence is as an agreed definition, but it is not the only one. An adjective can also act as the subject or nominal part of a compound predicate. For adjectives in short form It is typical to act only as a predicate.
Syntactic role of the adverb
The usual role of an adverb is adverbial - manner of action, time, place, reason, purpose, measure and degree. However, sometimes it can be predicated. There is also a separate group of adverbs that play the role of allied words in a sentence.
Syntactic role of the verb
The verb usually acts as a predicate. Infinitive (if you don’t remember, this can also be part of a compound predicate, or represent a subject, object, attribute, circumstance.
Syntactic role of participle
The participle has the same grammatical properties as the adjective, so it often acts as an agreed definition in a sentence. However, its relationship with the verb also allows the participle in some cases to be a nominal part of a compound predicate, but this is typical only for short forms. In addition, a participle with dependent words forms the so-called which, being an indivisible construction, can be almost any minor member.
Syntactic role of the gerund
The participle in a sentence acts only as a circumstance. However, in composition it can become another minor member of the sentence, but it is important to remember that the turnover is considered as a whole.
Syntactic role of the pronoun
The role of a pronoun directly depends on which category it belongs to. Since the variety of pronouns gives them wide possibilities, they can act as subject, predicate, determiner and object - depending on the context.
The syntactic role of the numeral
Numerals in a sentence can be either a subject or a predicate, or a definition or adverbial tense. As you can see, nothing complicated.
Noun
This is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers questions Who? What? (In grammar, an object is everything to which our consciousness is able to attribute various signs: qualities, properties, states, actions. From the point of view of logic, meaning softness wool, white snow, variegation fabrics are the qualities of an object, but in language it is an object, that is, something capable of producing actions or being a bearer of characteristics. Lexical meaning for most nouns it coincides with their general grammatical meaning of objectivity: bulldozer driver, horse, briefcase, wall. Nouns are also words that name various qualities, properties, relationships, actions, processes - objects in grammatical meaning words: yellowness, walking, selfishness, fighting, riding, shaking hands)
Initial form:(N.F.): Nominative(I.p.) , singular (singular) School, home, book, notebook.
2. Permanent signs:
2) animate(answer the question Who? )
Inanimate(answer the question What? )
3) declination(determined by unit h.) Nouns are divided into three declensions (remember indeclinable nouns and about indeclinable nouns.
4) nouns have three kinds:
Male Female Medium
He (mine) she (mine) it (mine)
Fickle(changeable) signs: nouns change:
1) by numbers (singular, number school or sets, number schools)
2) by case:
| Case | Question | Singular | Plural |
| AND. | Who? What? | friend, book | Friends, books |
| R. | Whom? What? | Friend, books | Friends, books |
| D. | To whom? Why? | To a friend, a book | Friends, books |
| IN. | Whom? What? | Friend, book | Friends, books |
| T.. | By whom? How? | Friend, book | Friends, books |
| P. | About whom? About what? | About a friend, about a book | About friends, about books |
3. Syntactic role: In a sentence, a noun can be a subject, an object, a predicate, as part of a definition and a circumstance => any member of the sentence.
Adjective
1. Independent part of speech which answers questions Which? Which? Which? Which? Whose? And denotes the attribute of an object.
Initial form (N.F.): I.P., units. Ch., m. R .
2. Permanent signs:
1) category (all adjectives are distributed into three categories):
| Quality | Relative | Possessives |
| 1). They indicate the various qualities of objects, help to characterize them according to appearance, weight, size, etc. 2) have a short form (deep, smart). 3) have a degree of comparison (deep - deeper, Smarter - smarter). 4) Have suffixes -ist-, -ovat-, -enk- .5) Form complex adjectives and adjectives with a prefix Not- 6) Combine with adverbs very, extremely, too, etc. | 1) do not combine with adverbs very, extremely, too (winter) 2) do not have a short form (wooden) 3) do not form degrees of comparison Silver, glass 2. They indicate the attribute of an object not directly, but through its relationship to another object. 3. Have suffixes -an-(-yan-), -sk-, -ov- etc. 5. Do not form complex adjectives and adjectives with a prefix Not-. | 1) answer the question Whose? 2) denotes belonging to a person. 3) the object cannot have it to a greater or lesser extent. Tail (whose?) Fox, Skin of a fox Scarf (whose?) Mom's, father's, brothers |
Variable signs:
1. Gender (male, female, neuter),
2. Number (singular, plural)
3. Case => the case of adjectives is determined by the noun to which the adjective refers
3. Syntactic role: in a sentence, full adjectives are usually a modifier (sometimes a predicate), while short adjectives are always a predicate.
1) adjectives can be used in short form, short adjectives. They answer the question what?
2) adjectives can be used in comparative or superlatives
DEGREE OF COMPARISON of adjectives
| Comparative | Excellent | ||
| Simple (one word) | Compound (two words) | Simple (one word) | Compound (two words) |
| Image. With the help of – her(s), - e, -she Beautiful + - her = more beautiful (such adj. do not change) | Using particle words: More (less) + adjective in the original (usual) form = thiner(remember: you cannot say: more subtle) | Image. Using Suffixes – eish- -aysh-: Beautiful eish oh, deep aish her | Compound form is formed using a particle the most + adj. In normal (original form) The most deep |
1. An independent part of speech that denotes the action of an object and answers questions what to do? What to do?
The initial form (in other words, the infinitive) is when the verb answers the questions: what to do? What to do?
2. Constant signs :
1
) view
Perfect imperfect
(if it answers the question what to do?) (if it answers the question what to do?)
2) transitivity of verbs:
3) reflexive (these are verbs with the postfix –sya)
Laugh, smile.
Non-reflexive (these are verbs without the postfix - xia)
4) conjugation (1 or 2): (in Russian. There are differently conjugated verbs: eat, give, run, want)
-eat, -eat, -eat, -eat, -ut, -ut, refer to 1 conjugation.
Verbs that have endings -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at, -yat, belong to the second conjugation.
The 2nd conjugation includes all verbs ending in – it, (except shave, lay) + 11 exception verbs: drive, breathe, hold, offend, hear, see, hate and depend, and endure, and also look, turn.
Remember : shave, lay→ to І ref.
Variable signs: 1) inclination:
2) time: future (what will I do? What will I do?)
The present (what am I doing? What are they doing?)
Past (what did you do? What did you do?)
3) person: (but remember that there are personal and impersonal verbs, see below)
| Units | Pl. | ||
| Face | -у(-у) (I sing | -eat, -im (we sing | |
| Face | -eat, -eat (you sing | -yet, -yet (you sing | |
| Face | -et, -it (he sings | -ut(-yut), -at(-yat) (they are singing |
4 ) gender (for verbs in the past tense): g. R., m.R., s.r.
Was going going going
5) number (singular or plural)
Syntactic role: verbs in any mood form are always
Predicate.
Verbs in the infinitive form can be any member
Offers.
Sample morphological analysis of a verb:
I haven't laughed so much for a long time.
1. (Not) laughed– verb, because it denotes the action of an object and answers the question what did you do?
N.F.: laugh.
2. Post. Signs: imperfect form, intransitive, reflexive, 1 reference.
Non-post. Signs: in withdrawal. Inc., in the past Time, in m.R., in units Ch.
3. Synth. Role: didn't laugh (is the predicate in the sentence)
Impersonal verbs are not combined with the subject, they are predicates in one-part impersonal sentences.
Personal: impersonal
He doesn't read to him, doesn't read to him (didn't read)
He wants to leave he wants (wanted) to leave
The river is roaring in my ears
The pie smells delicious, the kitchen smells like pies
It's starting to get colder
1. PRONOUN
– this is an independent part of speech that indicates an object, sign, quantity and answers questions WHO? WHICH? HOW MANY?
N.f.: in I.p., singular, (m.r.) For pronouns indicating characteristics
2. Constant signs : 1) category (there are 9 of them)
| Discharge | Pronouns (in I.p.) | How do they change? |
| Personal | I, we, you you, he, she, they, it(+ the same places. In cosmic cases) 1st person 2nd person 3rd person | By cases, numbers |
| Refundable | R.p.: myself, D.p.: to myself, V.p.: myself etc.: yourself, pp.: About Me. | By case |
| Interrogative | Who? What? How many? What? Which? Which? Whose? Who's come? | By case |
| Relative | Who, what, which, whose, which, how many(when used to communicate simple sentences as part of complex subordinates. I know who came. I know what happened.) | By case |
| Undefined | someone, something, several, some, something, something, anything | By case |
| Negative | Nobody, nothing, no, no one's, not at all, no one, nothing | By case |
| Possessives | Mine, yours, yours, ours, yours (his, theirs, hers do not confuse with personal ones) . Answer the question WHOSE? | By numbers, genders, cases |
| Index fingers | This, that, such, so much, such | By numbers, genders, cases |
| Definitive | All, different, different, everyone, each, himself, most | By numbers, genders, cases |
2) Face NOT FOR
3) KIND OF ALL
Variable signs:
1) case (except: what, such)
2) Gender of pronouns indicating
3) Face on sign.
3. Syntactic role: can be any member in the sentence.
Pronouns replace nouns(who, what, he, n, you, we, no one, something etc.) And point to objects, Change according to cases: who, whom, to whom, by whom, about whom etc.
Pronouns replace adjectives(which, this, that, mine, yours, yours etc.) And indicate the attribute of objects, change according to numbers, genders, cases: which, which, which, which, which, about which and so on.
Pronouns replace numerals(how many, as many, several) and indicate the number of items. Like cardinal numbers, these pronouns usually change by case: how many boxes (six boxes), how many boxes (six boxes), how many boxes (six boxes).
The syntactic features of pronouns also depend on what part of speech they replace.
Pronouns replacing nouns most often they serve as the subject and object of a sentence.
Pronouns replacing adjectives are definitions in the sentence.
Thus, pronouns have morphological and syntactic characteristics of the part of speech that they replace.
Numeral
- – part of speech expressing the meaning of a number. Numerals answer the question how many? ( two, one hundred, many, one hundred fifty, three)
2.Post. Ex: rank (ordinal or quantitative, for quantities - whole, fractional or collective); simple, complex or composite - according to composition.
Non-post. Ex: case
3.Synth. Role: any member of the sentence
Spelling of numerals
1. Complex numerals are written together ( seventy, seven hundred)
2. Compound numerals are written separately ( thirty two).
(write as many words as there are symbols - numbers, not counting zeros, but adding words: thousand, million, billion).
401 four hundred one(2 numbers 2 words).
From 500 to 900
4. Numeral floor- write seamlessly, if the second part begins with a consonant
(except l).
NB! Semi... Always WRITE WITH A HYPHEN, if the second
(Semi-final, half-boot) part begins:
With a vowel ( half a watermelon)
With capital ( half of Europe)
L ( half a lemon).
| Numerals | Declension Features |
| 1. 1,2,3,4. | Declined as adjectives: four, two. |
| 2. From 5 to 20+30 | As nouns of 3 declension) singular. P.I.P.: five, R.P.: five, D.P.: five. |
| 3. 40,90,100. | 40- I., V. P, - zero, in other cases 90,100-I., V.P.-o 40,90,100 -a. |
| 4. 50-80 200-900 | Each part in the word is declined: Fifty, two hundred, nine hundred, nine hundred. |
| 5. 1000 | As noun 1 declension, but in T.P. Num. thousand Noun Thousand. |
| 6. 1000000 1000 000000 | Million are declined as nouns Billion 2 declension. |
| 7. Compound numbers | All parts bend according to their own pattern. |
| 8. Ordinal numbers | Declined like adjectives, the ending depends on the question. If it is a composite ordinal number, then only the last word is declined. |
| 9. Numerals One and a half - 1.5 one and a half hundred - 150 | I.P. - one and a half, one and a half hundred. R.V.P. - one and a half, one and a half hundred. D. One and a half T. One and a half hundred P. |
Adverb Image. With the help of -ee(s), -e, -she It hurts + her = More sick
An adverb occurs most often in a sentence:
1. Circumstance
2. But maybe inconsistent definition (hair upright stuck out)
3. In an impersonal sentence it can be a predicate, then we call this adverb a state category word (SCS). I'm upset.
Most adverbs are written seamlessly, since it is an unchangeable part of speech.
The hyphen is written:
6. In adverbs with a prefix By- and suffixes -oh,-to him. By -new wow,
By-autumn to him
7. In adverbs with a prefix according to suffixes and, -ski: in Russian
8. In adverbs with the prefix –в (-в), ending in –ы, -и. Firstly, thirdly.
9. In adverbs formed by repetition of words or cognates: barely, just a little, tightly, firmly, little by little, a long time ago, apparently invisible.
10. Adverbs with a prefix some and suffixes –that, -either, something
REMEMBER THE WRITING:
Side by side, exactly the same.
But there is a group of adverbs and adverbial expressions that are written separately. In them console! It is written separately. She was so frozen. See below for a list of these expressions.
Participle
– (a special form of a verb) a part of speech that answers the question of what and denotes the attribute of an object by action.
N.f.: I.p., m.r., units. (like adjectives).
2. Constant signs: 1) active or passive.
Denotes a sign that denotes a sign that
Created by the action itself is created by one item
Item ( flying plane, action of another object.
Dropped ball).
2) type (perfect, imperfect).
3) time (present, past).
4)returnable or non-returnable.
Variable signs: gender, number, case, (y passive participles short or long form).
3. Syntactic role: definition (in short form - predicate).
FORMATION OF PARTICIPLES
ACTIVE PARTICIPLES ( Active participles call an action-sign that is performed by the object or person itself (student who read a book; wind dispersing clouds).
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