Developments in modern dentistry are being improved from year to year, and today it is possible to easily restore lost teeth. Consider how dental implants are placed and what an implant is.
Implantation allows you to restore teeth removed from the root. In the role of an implant, a structure is used that, after installation, will replace the patient's lost tooth.
Such structures are made from different materials, most often from an alloy of titanium. The implant is inserted directly into the gum bone, playing the role of a tooth root. An artificial tooth crown is placed on it, thanks to which it is not easy to distinguish a living tooth from an artificial one.
The implant consists of two parts. The first is the root, screwed into the bone. The second is an abutment connecting the crown and the root part. Both parts can in different cases either be installed separately or be part of one integral implant.
An implant is virtually indistinguishable from a natural tooth. Having a strong root, such an artificial tooth is able to chew and even gnaw on solid food.
There are many patient fears associated with implant placement. First of all, there is a fear of pain, and secondly, the risk of introducing bacteria and rejection. In fact, the procedure is not terrible. You just need to figure out how to insert a tooth implant. Moreover, modern types of anesthesia contribute to drowning out even the most severe pain. And metals from the titanium group used in the manufacture of implants do not cause allergies and take root perfectly.
Implementation options for implantation
- Installation of one implant when installing one tooth.
- Installation of two implants if 2 adjacent teeth are lost.
- Installation of two or three implants with the loss of three teeth. The doctor, after examination, determines the required number of implants, based on the gap between the teeth and other factors.
- In the complete absence or absence of a large number of teeth, the doctor can offer different options for implantation.
One-stage implantation
Immediate implantation is the placement of an implant 2 to 4 days after tooth extraction. When using this method of prosthetics, it is not necessary to make an incision in the gums and the material takes root faster, since the tissue has not had time to atrophy.
The process of immediate prosthetics takes much less time. After examining and eliminating possible problems in the oral cavity, an impression is made, and then an implant and a temporary crown are installed. Then replace it with a constant.
Bone grafting
Bone grafting is a procedure used when there is not enough bone in which the implant is planned to be placed. It is used to avoid tissue atrophy near the implant and to protect against exposure of its root.
There are three methods of bone grafting:
- autologous transplant.
- Guided tissue regeneration using bone tissue of natural origin (for example, animals).
- NTR using synthetic materials.
With all these methods, special barrier membranes are used to prevent contact of the transplanted bone with the mucosa. They are placed on the transplanted material and the mucosa is sutured.
On a note: On the upper jaw, a separate type of bone grafting is used - a sinus lift. This is a procedure in which tissue is enlarged by elevating the maxillary sinuses.
Indications for implantation
- Loss of one to three teeth in one dentition. This allows you to eliminate defects in the dentition, and living teeth are not damaged.
- Loss of last molars.
- Hypersensitivity to removable dentures, gag reflex during their installation.
- Violations when the teeth of the lower and upper rows come into contact (functional occlusion).
- Absence of teeth due to some kind of anomaly, disease or loss (dentia).
Contraindications for installation
There are absolute contraindications to the installation of implants, as well as relative ones that can be eliminated through treatment and temporary ones.
Absolute:
- poor blood clotting and other blood diseases;
- CNS disorders (psychosis, hypochondria, etc.). Patients with similar ailments cannot adequately behave during and after the installation of implants;
- malignant tumors. Implantation is capable, like any surgical intervention, to provoke an increase in the tumor;
- diseases of the immune system. After all, for recovery after surgery, the body needs a good work of immunity;
- scleroderma, rheumatoid disorders and other pathologies in the connective tissue;
- seropositive infections (AIDS, tuberculosis, gonorrhea) and possible complications after these diseases;
- diseases of the oral mucosa;
- 1 degree of diabetes;
- hypertonicity and bruxism of masticatory muscles;
- increased volume of language.
Relative and temporary contraindications:
- Unhealthy teeth and gums.
- Failure to follow the rules of oral hygiene.
- Gingivitis (infectious or non-infectious).
- Inflammation of bone tissue.
- Diseases of the temporomandibular joints.
- bone atrophy.
- Abuse of bad habits (drug addiction, smoking, alcoholism).
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Surgical provisions prohibiting the operation.
- Anesthesia intolerance.
- General somatic diseases that can progress after implantation (rheumatic diseases, heart disease).
- The use of anticoagulants, immunosuppressants, etc.
- Exhaustion of the body (cachexia).
- Passage of irradiation earlier than a year before implantation.
- The rehabilitation period after the operation.
- Age over 55 years.
- Chronic diseases in the acute stage.
- The presence of a metal endoprosthesis.
Advantages and disadvantages of the procedure
The advantages of implantation include:
- long service life of prostheses;
- restoration of a lost tooth without harm to adjacent teeth;
- restoration of several teeth at the same time or a whole tooth row.
Disadvantages of the procedure:
- quite expensive;
- there are many contraindications;
- long duration of treatment;
- the possibility of getting a number of complications in the body.
Implant placement methods
Based on how dental implants are placed, there are three main methods:
- One-stage implantation performed at a time (one visit to the dentist).
- Two-stage implantation. On the first visit, the root part of the implant is implanted in the patient, on the second visit (after the implant has taken root), an abutment is installed and prosthetics are made.
- Mini-implantation - the installation of smaller implants. Usually used to restore premolars or in narrow areas of the jaw.
In general, implantation is a rather lengthy process. And for its implementation requires careful preparation.
Consider the stages of dental implantation.
1st stage: assessment of the state of the body
A patient preparing for implantation must be carefully examined. Identify possible diseases in which surgical intervention cannot be performed and other contraindications to the procedure.
A number of tests are taken from the patient (OAC, for sugar, for HIV, for hepatitis, etc.), X-rays are taken. In addition to the oral cavity, the general condition of the body is examined in order to prevent complications after the operation, or cancel it altogether.
2nd stage: preparation for surgery
In the case when there are no contraindications for the patient, the oral cavity is prepared for the operation. The doctor examines all the patient's teeth, and also checks the condition of the gums. If necessary, they treat teeth and gums, replace obsolete crowns, and so on.
Next, take pictures of the desired jaw and its CT (computed tomography). The data obtained allow the doctor to determine the picture of the tissues inside the gums and jaw, the presence of foreign formations in them, the size and composition of the bone tissue.
From the pictures it is easy to determine the most suitable place and method of implantation.
3rd stage: surgical
This stage is the most important and quite exciting for the patient. To install an implant, it is important that the bone tissue is strong. If the patient has bone porosity, a procedure is performed to build it up.
Bone quality can deteriorate with age and also after a long period of time after tooth extraction.
The bone augmentation procedure is lengthy. The work has been going on for several hours. According to its results, the gingival bone increases in size through a sinus lift. Next, you need to let the composition take root for 1 - 3 months.
Nevertheless, implantation by modern methods can often be performed with a small amount of bone tissue.
When the quality of the bone tissue is normal, you can proceed with the operation.
To begin with, the bone under the gum is exposed through an incision or pierced. Then a hole of the required diameter is made in it and an implant is inserted, on which a plug is installed. If necessary, the gum is sutured.
In terms of time, the installation takes half an hour, and sometimes several hours, depending on the method of implantation and the type of implant.
4th stage: installation of the abutment
At this stage, the outer part of the implant is installed - the abutment. It serves to fix the prosthesis, so it is important to correctly determine its size and angle of inclination during installation. Often, several abutments are made, from which the most suitable one is selected.
The doctor spends several minutes to install the abutment. But before proceeding with the installation of the abutment, 2 weeks before that, the gum former is installed. After a few days, this temporary structure can be removed and the abutment inserted.
This stage is carried out only for separate implants, the root part and the abutment of which are separate parts.
5th stage: orthopedic
At the final stage, they begin to install the prosthesis. An impression is made, a bridge or crown is made on it.
Choose the type of prosthesis, as well as its color.
The process lasts about several hours (including the manufacture of the prosthesis).
Pain relief during treatment
The most important question of a patient preparing for implantation - does it hurt?
Any operation is done using anesthesia, including the installation of an implant. Thanks to modern preparations for local anesthesia, the patient practically does not feel pain during implantation.
For those who still experience a panic fear of the procedure, as well as with the implantation of several teeth at once or bone augmentation, general anesthesia can also be offered. With the help of inhalation or intravenous anesthesia, the patient is put to sleep and then implantation is performed using local anesthesia.
How much do structures cost?
We offer an overview of turnkey prices in Moscow clinics for implantation (prices are in rubles):
| Type of implant | Dentistry Meliora Dent | Dentistry Dmitrovich and Colleagues | Dentistry Mendeleev | Dentistry ActiveStom |
| Nobel Biocare | From 45000 | From 40000 | From 47000 | From 50000 |
| MIS | From 25000 | From 34300 | From 25000 | From 21000 |
| Alpha Bio | From 19900 | From 18000 | From 21000 | From 25000 |
| Astra Technology | From 55000 | From 35100 | From 44900 | From 46100 |
Answers on questions
Question
How long after losing a tooth can implants be done?
Answer
After 2-3 months. Over time, the bone tissue atrophies.
Question
Installation of an implant - an extreme way out when there is no possibility of installing a dental crown?
Answer
Each case is individual. Implantation has many indications and contraindications.
Question
Is the implant attached with a special compound, or is it necessary to twist it?
Answer
You don't need to twist anything. The structure fuses with the bone. The procedure is carried out without any fastening compositions.
Question
What factors determine the lifespan of implants? When do they need to be changed?
Answer
The duration of service may depend on the stresses suffered, the state of immunity, place of residence, standard of living, and the presence of bad habits (smoking). The implant used and the quality of its placement are also important factors.
Question
How many implants can be in the absence of teeth in the lower jaw?
Answer
Each case is individual. There should be at least two implants, a more optimal option - from four.
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