Implantation is the only way to completely restore a tooth. The most common variant of this procedure is the classic method of implant placement.
Classical implantation includes two main stages: first, it is implanted artificial root and then, a few months later, prosthetics. The duration of the process is compensated by the beauty of the smile and the complete restoration of chewing functions.
Preparatory
Theoretically, the installation of an implant is a surgical operation to introduce a foreign body into the jaw, and therefore requires mandatory thorough preparation. Often, to determine whether it is possible to carry out the implantation, it takes up to several weeks.
As a rule, the preparatory stage includes the following procedures:
- visual inspection of dentist;
- examination at therapist, including the delivery of general tests;
- based on complaints or problems identified by the therapist, the patient may be referred for additional consultation to other professionals: allergist, endocrinologist, neurologist, cardiologist;
- in case of restoration of the teeth of the upper row, a visit is obligatory otorhinolaryngologist;
- hardware examination: x-ray, orthopantomogram, etc.;
- sanitation oral cavity.
A general examination of the body must necessarily be included in the preparatory period, since a disease not detected in a timely manner can subsequently lead to complications, both during surgical operations and after root engraftment.
- smoking and drinking alcohol, lead to the exposure of the upper part of the implant, which provokes the development inflammation of the periosteum;
- in the presence of a malignant formation, implantation provokes tumor growth;
- problems with the hematopoietic system can cause bleeding during surgery;
- reduced immunity and some somatic pathologies will lead to an increase in the period of tissue regeneration and implant rejection;
- anatomical changes and bone pathologies in the operated area, will not allow high-quality fixation.
Based on the collected data, the dentist assesses the general condition of the patient, the quality of the jawbone and draws up a detailed treatment plan indicating the duration of the treatment. The duration of the preparatory period directly depends on oral health conditions patient and presence common diseases.
In the absence of any contraindications, the preparation process does not exceed one week. If it is necessary to remove teeth, the stage may be extended up to 2 months. If it is necessary to build up bone tissue, the preparation will take at least 4 months.
Diagnostics
To identify the anatomical structure of the bone and its quality, the following diagnostic methods are used in dentistry:
- radiography- this is a detailed picture of the operated area, which allows you to study the condition of the bone and roots, adjacent teeth;
- orthopantomogram. It is a panoramic image of the jaw area, which gives a detailed idea of the volume and structure of the bone tissue;
- CT scan- This is a three-dimensional image, with which you can determine in more detail not only the volume, but also the density of the jaw bone.
Bone augmentation
Jaw bone plasty is a necessary procedure if its volume is not enough for implant placement. Depending on the clinical situation, one of the following methods is used:
- Guided regeneration with the help of replanting natural and artificial material, to replenish bone density. The implant is placed approximately 4 months later.
- Bone block grafting taken from another part of the body. Used for bone resorption. Implantation of the implant is carried out after 5 months.
- Sinus lift. Use with insufficient height of the alveolar ridge of the lateral segments of the dentition. The implant is placed, on average, 5 months after the procedure.
Methods for increasing bone tissue
To make it more clear what a sinus lift is, watch the following video:
Surgical
The procedure for installing an implant, as a rule, does not take much time. On average, the implantation of an artificial root requires 30 to 50 minutes. The whole process is carried out in several steps, each of which we will consider in detail.
Bone preparation
To do this, the dentist makes an incision in the gum tissue and periosteum using a patchwork method using a scalpel or laser, and peels it off, exposing a section of the bone. Further, the open part is prepared and at this place the doctor makes a mark with a spherical cutter, for implant bed formation.
In certain cases, bone tissue treatment may not be necessary, only mucosal exfoliation is sufficient.
Stock drilling
First, the dentist makes drilling narrow channel, no more than 2 mm, exactly corresponding to the length of the implant. The resulting length is checked with a depth gauge, after which the channel is gradually expanded using drills.
The width of each subsequent drill should increase by no more than 0.5 mm. For the most accurate formation of the bed, a special template is often used, modeled in advance. After obtaining the required width, taps threading that exactly matches the thread of the implant.
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Screwing in the implant
For installation use a special device. A metal root is fixed on it, which is then screwed into the formed hole, 0.5 mm below the crest of the alveolar bone.
The device is then twisted out and the implant close screw cap. It eliminates the ingrowth of the surrounding tissue into the cavity of the metal rod.
Suturing gums
After screwing in the plugging element, the mucosal and periosteal flap is returned to its place so that it completely covers the surface of the implant. wound tissue sutured simple interrupted surgical sutures.
Surgical stage manipulations
acclimation
On average, the engraftment of the implant takes from 2 to 6 months. Implantation on the upper jaw takes from 3 to 6 months, on the lower jaw from 2 to 4.
At the beginning it may be noted swelling and soreness the operated area, which take place within 5 days. Until the stitches are removed, avoid flour and solid foods.
Until the soft tissues are fully restored, it is worth avoid chewing on this side.
In addition to treatment with drugs, factors that can impair implant engraftment should be avoided. Should exclude great physical exertion, visiting the bath, the impact on the wound.
Discomfort accompanies the patient only until the removal of stitches. In the future, so that a person does not experience psychological stress from the metal elements that stand out, they install plastic or metal-ceramic temporary prostheses.
Gums the next day after manipulation
If the implant fails
If there is severe pain or swelling, bleeding in the area of implantation, then this may be one of the signs of root rejection.
In most cases, the design removed, after which treatment is carried out with the elimination of the cause of inflammation. Re-implantation is possible only after the final restoration of the body. As a rule, this period lasts about 8 weeks.
Inserting the Healing Abutment
The gingiva former is an element necessary to create natural contour gum tissue that will later surround the crown. This element is a screw titanium cylinder screwed into the implant.
The shaper is installed after 3–5 months after implant placement. The process is carried out under local anesthesia and looks like this:
- Dentist produces gum excision above the stub.
- Removes the standard stub and screw the shaper.
- Next, the doctor stitches leaving the gingiva former open above the mucosal surface.
The duration of the procedure is no more than 30 minutes. After 2 weeks, around the titanium element, a dense natural roll of gum tissue, which will ensure the normal functioning of the artificial tooth.
In the first days after the procedure, pain and slight bleeding may occur, which disappears after 4 days.
Abutment installation
The abutment is intermediate element connecting the root with the crown. The abutment is selected depending on the situation. They have different sizes and shapes. The fixation procedure is performed in just two main steps and takes no more than 15 minutes:
- Removal shaper.
- screwing in its place of the abutment.
The fixation of the abutment is last stage of implant placement.
Prosthetics
Through Couple of weeks after the installation of the abutment, it is possible to carry out prosthetics. Its goal is to completely recreate the anatomical integrity of the dentition with the restoration of chewing function. At this stage, a step-by-step joint work of the implantologist and orthopedist is carried out.
Various types of prostheses can be placed on implants:
- removable;
- combined;
- fixed;
- conditionally removable.
Taking impressions
From the jaws casts are taken on the basis of which artificial crowns will be created. During the manufacturing process, repeated fitting prosthesis, and if necessary, its adjustment. The production of a prosthesis, on average, ranges from 2 to 4 weeks.
Structure fixation
This procedure depends on the type of crown chosen. Single version and small bridges are installed on the abutment using a special adhesive material.
With structures that replace the complete absence of teeth or most of them, fixation can be carried out using special locks built into the prosthesis.
A cheaper way, involves installing using screws, screwed into the implants through holes in the prosthesis, which are then masked with a composite material.
Rehabilitation
The installation of an implant and a prosthesis are procedures that require a rehabilitation period after themselves. It often takes at least 5 months. Throughout this time, you must follow some rules:
- visit to the dentist for preventive examination should be regular;
- hygienic cleaning must be carried out at least once every six months;
- use a bristle brush for cleaning medium hardness;
- cleansing the oral cavity with gentle movements with minimal pressure on the gums in the area of implantation;
- for oral hygiene should include waxed dental floss and aseptic rinses;
- should limit the intake of very solid foods.
Six months after the operation
During the rehabilitation period, the main goal is to exercise strict control of the processes occurring in the oral cavity.
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