Here: in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, Spring comes 7 times!
Calendar spring- begins on March 1 according to the current Gregorian calendar and lasts three spring months March, April and May. - it Once.
Old-style calendar spring- begins on March 14 according to the current calendar and ends on June 14. - it Two.
Astronomical spring(according to the Sun): - occurs on the Day of the Spring Equinox on 20 (this year, 2013) or on March 21. - it Three.
Meteorological spring- occurs when the actual average daily temperature exceeds 0 ° C. - it Four.
Climatic spring - Climatologists reassign the day of the arrival of spring from time to time: the day when the climatic norm of the average daily temperature rises above 0 ° C. In Moscow, the climatic spring begins on March 27 - it Five.
Since ancient times in Russia, the people believed that spring comes when rooks arrive(popular sign) - it Six.
Phenological spring- a rather vague concept, in the sense that to count its beginning, various annually recurring natural phenomena are used, for example: the appearance of icicles on the roofs of unheated premises (shed, gazebo, etc.), the appearance of the first spring (non-freezing at night) streams, and etc. Everyone can choose a sign of the beginning of Spring to their liking. - it Seven.
Spring is usually divided into three periods: pre-spring, real spring, pre-fly (fly-over).
Pre-announcement. The beginning of spring
Spring begins with the arrival of rooks. They arrive when the snow is already melting intensively. This period, called pre-spring, lasts until the snow melts. At this time, concessions to winter are still possible - the average daily temperature may drop below zero.
Real spring
Real spring comes when all the snow has melted. Nature awakens, the grass begins to fill with an emerald sheen, buds swell and bloom on the trees, delighting us with the first gently green leaves ... This period usually ends with the last return colds that come during the flowering of the bird cherry, after which comes the pre-flight (flight).
Prelet
The pre-summer comes immediately after the "Cheryomukhovy cold weather", but I can't say how it ends, when they tried to convey this simple wisdom, everything was clear: "In the spring we study, and summer is when the holidays begin." And now, alas, there is no one to ask ...
Now the children themselves begin to question ...
Can any of the readers tell me?
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What is spring like?
After dividing spring into periods, you can substantively talk about what spring is like. Most often they talk about early or late spring, then about a protracted or friendly, gloomy or sunny, but very rarely, especially recently, about a cold spring. All subsequent climatic examples will be given for central Russia.
Early spring(here we mean not a poetic synonym for anticipation, but a climatic definition) - this is spring, in which the anticipation comes earlier than usual, in Moscow and the Moscow region, spring is considered early if the intense melting of snow began before the first half of March.
Late spring- this, respectively, is spring, in which the pre-spring comes earlier than usual, in the Moscow region, spring is considered late if the pre-spring began in April.
I will also say about a friendly spring - the rest of the definitions, I think, are intuitively clear without additional clarifications.
Amicable Spring is considered in which the pre-spring period lasts no more than 10 days.
Seosnews 9
Spring. 2019 year. Moscow.
15.01.2019
According to the signs of Anna and the Pokrov, it turns out thatthis spring, despite the late Easter, will not be late.
Most likely Spring will be early, but protracted, warm weather will take a long time, and, unfortunately, there will be very few sunny, and later hot, days this spring, like the previous one. Appreciate sunny days! As soon as the sun is out - always in fresh air.
What will this spring 2019 be like?
(preliminary forecast, compiled on January 15, 2019)
It turns out that this year Spring, having shown its signs at the very beginning of March, with the final arrival will be delayed almost until the last days of the month. Real spring can come only at the beginning of April (the snow will finally melt). March will be an early spring, but gloomy month, will begin with thaws, but in the second decade the thaws can be abruptly replaced by frosts. The end of March and the beginning of April will not please us very much with the spring sun. April will be noticeably warmer than the norm at the beginning of the first decade, and then in the middle of the second. On May Day, it will be relatively warm and sunny. Unfortunately, this year in the Moscow region, return frosts in May are very likely, this can happen on the eve of Victory Day or immediately after it, almost summer heat can be expected only by the end of the month, warm, but rather humid weather will set in the third decade of May.
FACTS will take about the weather in spring 2019:
January 24, 2019. Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak: "It is warm in Fedosia - it has started in the early spring."
On January 24, 2019, frosty weather was established in Moscow, the temperature per day was up to -18 ° C - it is cold in Fedosia. On the previous day, January 23, the minus record of the month was reached.
Summary: RanNew spring in Moscow, most likely, will not happen.
06 February 2019. Day of Saint Xenia
On the day of St. Xenia in Moscow, alas, it is cloudy, despite the fact that the air temperature was above normal -1.5 ° C, cloudy weather on this day by long spring.
15 february 2019.Presentation
On Sretenya in Moscow, it was not just snow that appeared, but rain and snow ... But, it is true, very weak - by moderately wet spring
... The cloudiness that day was solid, but high, in the evening the sky shone through the clouds. The average daily temperature turned out to be noticeably higher than the climatic norm - this may mean that the upcoming spring will be gloomy in its parameters, but noticeably warmer than the climatic norm.
At the moment, it turns out that spring will come in normal climatic terms - at the very end of March, early April.
We are waiting and getting ready to clarify the forecast for other later signs:
09 March 2019. Midsummer's Day (Acquisition)
Spring steps. Moscow. 2018 year.
March 2019- the day of arrival of the rooks ( the anticipation has come- step 3).
March 21 - 03/21/2019 00:58 msk will come astronomical Spring(- step 4).
27 march 2019 Spring
.. April 2019- the day when all winter snow melts in Moscow - real spring will come (step 6).
april 2019- the day when all the ice on the pond melts (step 7).
Spring. 2018 year. Moscow
FACTS will take about the weather in spring 2018:
January 24. Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak... "It's warm in Fedosia - it's gone for the early spring."
On January 24, 2018, the weather set in Moscow, which cannot be called warm in this winter: T cp = -7.8 ° C. On the previous day, January 23, the minus record of the month was reached.
Summary: The possibility of early spring in Moscow is a big question.
06 february. Saint Xenia's Day(Aksinya Vesnookornitsa) - this is one of the few days that "firmly" indicate what spring will be like: "Aksinya is clear and spring is red. What Aksinya is - such is spring."
On the day of St. Xenia in Moscow: "Frost and sun; wonderful day!"... The clouds began to accumulate only in the evening ...
- For a friendly spring! And yet, at first (late March - early April) spring will be sunny!
February, 15.Presentation- "Snowball on Meeting - in the spring it will burn", "What is the weather for Meeting, such will be the spring."
And there was still snow on Sretenye in Moscow ... But, it is true, very weak - by moderately wet spring
... The cloudiness that day was solid, but high, sometimes the sun shone through. The average daily temperature turned out to be very close to the climatic norm, but, although it turned out to be less than a degree, it was lower - this may mean that the upcoming spring in terms of its parameters will be, although close to the climatic norm, but still a little warmer (inversion principle).
- "If there is snow on Finding, then trample it until April" (until mid-April Gregorian). On Acquisition the weather was clear and sunny in Moscow, which means that all the snow will melt in early April.
March 15th. Fedot Vetronos."Fedot is evil - don't be in April with grass!
Fedot in Moscow turned out to be almost the same! The wind speed during the day did not exceed 2 m / s, the daytime temperature is close to normal, however, the periods of gusty winds of 6 m / s were early in the morning and late in the evening, but in general Fedot in Moscow was not angry- means, soon to be with the grass!
Spring steps. Moscow. 2018 year.
(step 1) - Snow outside the window, frosty and sunny, air temperature at night -18 ° C in the daytime -8 ° C
(step 2) - Overcast, daytime 0 ° C, night -4 ° C
18th of March: Sunny, snow blinds the eyes. In the snow: Crow? - Not a crow. Bah! Rook!
And a whole flock is hiding in the trees ...
rooks have arrived - Spring has come! (the anticipation has come- step 3).
March 20 - 03/20/18 19:15 MSK came astronomical Spring(the moment of passage of the orbital point of the vernal equinox of the Earth- step 4).
March 27- The day when climatic comes to Moscow Spring(multiyear average daily temperature exceeds 0 ° C degrees - step 5)
8 april... All winter snow has melted in Moscow - real spring has come (step 6).
Spring. 2017 year. Moscow. (weather forecast)
24.01.17 the coming spring will not be late, more likely even spring will be early, but protracted, warm weather will set for a long time, and, unfortunately, there will be very few sunny and later hot days this spring. Appreciate sunny days: as soon as there is sun - always in fresh air.
Facts to take about the weather in spring:
January 24. Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak... "It's warm in Fedosia - it's gone for the early spring." It is warm in Moscow on this day: the air warmed up to + 1 ° C. This weather foreshadows early spring ...
06 february. Saint Xenia's Day(Aksinya Vesnookornitsa) - this is one of the few days that "firmly" indicate what spring will be like: "Aksinya is clear and spring is red. What Aksinya is - such is spring." In Moscow, frost and sun in the morning! It's a wonderful day!
Aksinya is clear! Well, perhaps spring will not be gloomy at all? - Good weather won't hurt anyone!
February, 15.Presentation- "Snowball on Meeting - in spring it will burn", "What is the weather for Meeting, such will be the spring." On Sretenya in Moscow it snowed only in the early morning, then the sun began to peep through the clouds more and more often ... - By dry and sunny spring!
March 09. Midsummer (Finding)- "If there is snow on the Finding, then trample it until April."
- There was no snow on the acquisition ...
March 15th. Fedot Vetronos."Fedot is evil - don't be in April with grass!"
And Fedot was the one! - Not angry, sunny, + 9 ° C!
Spring steps. Moscow. 2017 year.
March 20 - 03/20/17 1:28 pm Moscow time came astronomical Spring(the moment of passage of the orbital point of the vernal equinox of the Earth- step 3).
March 27- the day when climatic comes to Moscow Spring(multiyear average daily temperature exceeds 0 ° C degrees - step 4)
April, 4- The day when all winter snow melted in Moscow - real spring will come (step 5).
Spring. 2016 year. Moscow. (weather forecast)
11.01.16 According to the signs of Anna the Winter Pointer and the Pokrov, it turns out thatthe coming spring will be late, warm weather will set for a long time, but after the warmth settles, this spring under completion may surprise with unusually hot days.
Take facts about the weather in the spring.
January 24. Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak... "It's warm in Fedosia - it's gone for the early spring." In Moscow that day it was not at all warm: during the day the air warmed up only to -12.5 ° C. Such weather confirms the preliminary forecast - there will be no early spring ...
06 february. Saint Xenia's Day(Aksinya Vesnookornitsa) - this is one of the few days that "firmly" indicate what spring will be like: "Aksinya is clear and spring is red. What Aksinya is - such is spring."
On February 6, it was cloudy in Moscow, at times there was light snow, the air temperature in the morning was -1 ° C, in the afternoon it reached 0 ° C and began to drop again, sleet and rain began to fall. Such weather indicates that spring in Moscow will be mostly cloudy and protracted: "Spring will not be red."
February, 15.Presentation- "Snowball on Meeting - in the spring it will burn", "What is the weather for Meeting, such will be the spring."
On Sretenya in Moscow, a completely gloomy cloudy weather + 3 ° C stood out, in the morning with light snow, and then with rain. I don't even want to write about what spring should be expected ... Yes, everyone understands.
March 09. Midsummer (Finding)- "If there is snow on the Finding, then trample it until April." There was no rainfall in Moscow on the Acquisition, in the evening even the sun seemed to appear - it means that even if it still snows, it will still not lie for a long time.
March 15th. Fedot Vetronos It was a clear, windless day on Fedot. Fedot in Moscow was not angry - be in April with grass!
Spring steps. Moscow. 2016 year.
March 01 - calendar Spring. In Moscow, on the first day of spring, it is cloudy, no precipitation, relatively mild winter weather: from -8 to -1 degrees. (step 1)
March 14 - the arrival of Spring according to the old calendar (March 1 according to the old calendar) On this day in Moscow, partly cloudy, relatively colder - the temperature is from -2 to +2 degrees. (step 2)
March 20 - 03/20/2016 at 07:30 Moscow time came astronomical Spring( - step 3).
March 27- the day when climatic comes to Moscow Spring the average daily temperature exceeds 0 degrees - step 4)
04 april... On the night of April 3-4 in Moscow, all winter snow melted - real spring has come (step 5).
April 11th... On the evening of 11, not a single floe remained on the pond, although only yesterday the floating ice occupied a third of the pond (step 6).
The meteorological spring this year came quite early - on March 27 (simultaneously with the climatic spring, despite the late Easter). Unfortunately, this year it was not possible to reliably establish the time of arrival of the rooks - even on the way to the dacha they closed the farm and now they do not appear - there is nothing to profit from ...
Spring. 2015 year. Moscow. (weather forecast)
01/09/15 The thunderstorm that happened on Anna Zimookaznitsa most likely indicates that the spring of 2015 will begin early with a strong thaw, but the arrival of real heat (real spring) will drag on until April, i.e. it is very likely that the coming spring will be early, but protracted.
Take facts about the weather in the spring.
January 24 v Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak in Moscow it was warm, the maximum temperature was 0 ° C, the average daily temperature was -1.5 ° C, while the norm was 9.7 ° C. It turns out that the possibility of early spring is still being confirmed(see Signs about the weather)
06 february. Saint Xenia's Day(Aksinya Vesnookaznitsa) - this is one of the few days that "firmly" indicate what spring will be like: "Aksinya is clear and spring is red. What Aksinya is - such is spring" In Moscow, the morning of this day turned out to be cloudy, but by noon the clouds began to disperse, the sun came out. During the day, the clouds became less and less, and by night it cleared up completely. Precipitation that day was only indicated by light snow. Such weather suggests that, although spring in Moscow may start early, the period of cloudy and slushy weather will drag on almost until mid-spring, but then she will get down to business together and for the most part of her second half will be warm and dry.
February, 15.Presentation- "Snowball on Meeting - in the spring it will burn", "What is the weather for Meeting, such will be the spring." On this day in Moscow in the morning it was relatively warm and cloudy, the air temperature was from -2 to -1 ° C, a weak west wind, at times snow, in the afternoon it starts to clear up while the temperature drops to -4 ° C, the north-west wind, then northern with gusts up to 12 m / s, in the evening the temperature continues to drop from -4 to -8 ° C, it is clear, the north wind gusts up to 15 m / s.
Such weather may mean that in the spring we are expected to be rather warm and not very sunny, March and April rich in precipitation, and May in general will be noticeably warmer than normal, but the weather will be unstable windy at first, and hot dry weather will set in at the end of May.
March 09. Midsummer (Finding)- When you wait for spring, the main thing is that it doesn't snow on that day: "If there is snow on the Finding, then trample it until April." On the Acquisition in Moscow in 2015, there was no snow ...
March 15 - Fedot Vetronos. Fedot this year turned out to be not evil - be in April with grass!
Spring steps. Moscow. 2015 year.
March 01 - calendar Spring. In Moscow, on the first day of spring, it is relatively warm - as much as +2 degrees! True, it is cloudy and sometimes it rains, but the mood is Spring! (step 1)
March 14 - the arrival of Spring according to the old calendar (March 1 according to the old calendar) On this day in Moscow it is warm and sunny - 9 degrees! In the next 4 days, the absolute temperature records of all time have been set! (step 2)
March 21 - 03.21.15 at 01:45 Moscow time came astronomical Spring(passed the orbital point of the vernal equinox of the Earth- step 3).
08 april... By evening, all winter snow melted - real spring has come (step 5).
The 21st of April - The day before (04/20/15) it became sharply colder to -2.2 ° C and snow fell, the average daily temperature was -0.2 ° C and rose only the next day - (step 7)
Spring. year 2014. Moscow. (forecast by signs)
12/07/13 While direct accepts about what the spring of 2014 will be - no, but indirectly (it seems that signs are beginning to justify that winter will be "classic", that is, close to the climatic norm) it can be assumed that the coming spring will not be late.
The first sign of the weather in the spring will be received in Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak (24.01.14).
Take facts about the weather. Spring 2014.
January 24 v Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak the thermometer was able to rise only to the level of -11.6 ° C - the average daily temperature is -15.5 ° C, while the norm is 9.7 ° C. It turns out that (see Signs about the weather)
06 february. Saint Xenia's Day(Aksinya Vesnookornitsa) - this is one of the few days that "firmly" indicate what the spring will be like: "Aksinya is clear and spring is red. What is Aksinya - such is spring as well" In Moscow, "Aksinya was clear!"- In the early morning, the clouds that covered the sky all night dissipated and the weather was clear all day, only late in the evening the sky was covered with haze. Such weather suggests that spring in Moscow, although it will come with a slight delay, will be friendly, warm and dry.
February, 15.Presentation- "At the Meeting, the sky is starry - late spring", "What is the weather for the Meeting, such will be the spring." There was no starry sky on Presentation. On this day in Moscow from morning to evening it was warm and cloudy, the air temperature was +2 - + 3 ° C, a weak south-western wind, sometimes calm, in the evening drizzle began, ending in a light rain and snow.
These data can be interpreted as follows, in the spring we are expected to be quite warm and not very sunny, but not rich in precipitation, March and April, and May as a whole will be slightly warmer than the norm, but it will report on precipitation for the whole spring.
March 09. Midsummer (Finding)- "If there is snow on the Finding, then trample it until April." On the Acquisition in Moscow, there was no precipitation - which means that even if there is still snow, it will not lie for a long time.
March 15th. Fedot Vetronos- On this day Fedot, indeed, brought a gusty wind to Moscow (11-12 ms) According to the saying: “Fedot is evil - not to be (in March according to the old style) with grass.” - it seems that nature has in store for this a few unpleasant surprises in the spring.
Spring steps. Moscow. year 2014.
March 01 - calendar Spring. A beautiful clear day! Temperature at night -5 ° C; during the day + 2 ° C; weak southerly, southeasterly wind, and only 1 cm of snow remained, and even then, mostly not snow, but ice.
March 20, 2014 at 03:02 PM Moscow time came astronomical Spring(passed the orbital point of the vernal equinox of the Earth).
March 22 - rooks have arrived! Spring came! By evening, all winter snow melted - real spring has come .
05 april - the meteorological spring has come (the average daily temperature has finally exceeded the zero mark). The snow that fell in April has melted.
07 april- the water from the melted snow just soaked into the ground - no streams .
Spring. year 2013. Moscow. (forecast by signs)
01/12/2013 According to popular beliefs, it turns out that this spring will be similar to the spring of the 70s and 80s - March will be almost a winter month. The real spring will begin in the second decade of April. Cloudy weather with precipitation will prevail in March and the first half of April. But May will be warm and dry, but in the first half it can "please" with recurrent cold weather (this forecast will still be clarified according to later signs).
Take facts about the weather. Spring 2013
The 25th of January. According to the signs of the weather in Day of Fedosiy Vesnyak(January 24 - average daily temperature -10.2 ° C) it turns out that there will be no early spring in Moscow(see Signs about the weather)
06 February. Saint Xenia's Day(Aksinya Vesnookornitsa) - this is one of the few days that "firmly" indicate what spring will be like: "Aksinya is clear and spring is red. What is Aksinya - such is spring" - on this day in Moscow it was snowing in the morning, and then until the end of the day was cloudy slushy weather - +1. This suggests that cloudy weather with precipitation will prevail in the first half of spring.
February, 15. Presentation- "What is the weather for Meeting, such will be the spring." On this day in Moscow in the morning it was cold and cloudy, the temperature gradually increased from -8 to -5 ° C, variable northeastern, weak northern wind, clarifies several hours of cloudless skies in the afternoon, the maximum temperature is -2.3 ° C, weak northern wind, then calm, in the evening - partly cloudy, calm, colder.
These data can be interpreted as follows, in the spring we will have a rather cold March and early April with mostly cloudy weather, in the second half of April it will be warm and sunny, until the beginning of May, and May in general will be cool, but not very rainy - Partly cloudy.
March 09. Midsummer (Finding)- "If there is snow on the Acquisition (it will fall), then trample it until April (the spring will drag on)" There was no precipitation on the Acquisition in Moscow - it means that by April 14 (01.04 st. Style) almost all the snow will melt - this means that there will be Spring at least and late, but friendly.
March 13. Vasily Tyoply (Dropper)- On Vasily, the thawed patches around the trees define: "Steep edge - spring is friendly." - It turned out to be not easy to find trees with undisturbed snow in Moscow. Found. An interesting detail: a white birch has a small circle, almost close to the trunk, and a thick old linden tree leaves a half meter from the trunk, but the edges of all are steep, go vertically downward. Spring will be friendly.
March 15th. Fedot Vetronos:"Fedot is evil - not to be (in March, O.S. style) with grass. " (If bad weather, wind, then spring will drag on, and the first fresh grass will appear only in April - by April 14 according to our modern calendar)... About the weather that happened in Moscow on March 15, in the old days they said: "Fedot came, but not the one!" - gusty wind and 25 mm of precipitation per day. But in the end - nothing new, it is already clear that spring will be late ...
April 1 At the weekend I found such data regarding the weather for April: In the old days, the most recent annual frosts were Annunciation and they fell at the end of March according to the Julian calendar - according to the modern calendar, their peak falls on 7 april... In our time, they almost never exist, otherwise everyone would know about them (Epiphany frosts everyone knows), but this spring is such that anything can happen ... In the temperature schedule I make an amendment for the Annunciation frosts (light green line), let's see What will happen...
By the way, despite the fact that we are all tired of waiting for spring, these colds are needed to stop the melting of snow, otherwise, despite how much it has accumulated, spring flood may become an "all-Russian flood"
Spring steps. Moscow. year 2013
20 march at 15:02 msk came astronomical Spring(The earth passed the vernal equinox, from that moment the day is longer than the night). But the weather is such that it doesn't even smell like spring: the temperature at night is -10 ° C; daytime -5 ° C; North wind; drifts 60 cm high!
26 March - rooks arrived: a large flock of rooks sat down to rest on a huge old poplar right in front of our windows - Spring came! (the anticipation has come).
March 27 came appointed by meteorologists climatic Spring(average daily temperature on this day, alas -8 ° C).
March 31 the meteorological winter ended, and meteorological spring(the average daily temperature on this day exceeded 0 ° C and did not fall below this mark).
05 april the streams stopped freezing at night. But my "test stream" appeared only today - the mass of snow accumulated over the winter, at first, kept the melt water in itself. As soon as the stream appeared, I filmed the video from my phone, last year's video was also preserved there - the comparison was simply amazing ... I invite you to take a look at the video:
Video. Spring impromptu from the phone. 5.04.2013. Moscow, a pond on Vyazemskaya, a test stream. Sounds of Spring.
07.04.2013.
I planned to reshoot the April 5 episode in a higher quality, and that everything would be day after day with last year's recording.
Alas, in the morning it was snowing with rain, and the stream was barely flowing, but still flowing! And this is despite the subzero temperatures at night! In general, the picture, if it has changed, is in the sense of the mood for spring, only for the worse - I decided to leave everything as it is ... (According to official meteorological data, the height of the snow cover has decreased during this time from 48 to 45 cm).
17 april at the meteorological site of the All-Russian Exhibition Center, the snow has completely melted - it has come real spring.
Spring steps. Moscow. year 2012
28 march- rooks arrived (they definitely saw), an arc version on March 25 (it is possible that they were rooks - from a distance, unreliable) - spring has come ( anticipation).
28 april + 26.3 ° C(in fact, there is an element of deceit in our reckoning time, after all, it is a leap year and, in theory, the date corresponding to ordinary years is April 29).
April 29- temperature record (maximum) for this date for the entire observation time - + 28.9 ° C(you can't find fault with anything here, really a temperature record!)
The names of twelve months, familiar to us, were successfully entrenched in the Russian language after the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, about which we talked a little. However, if you turn to history or just look at the calendars of other Slavic countries, Ukraine, for example, it turns out that there are completely different names in the calendar. What's the matter and why aren't the names of the months the same everywhere? We propose to understand this issue.
Winter months
December. In the ancient Roman calendar, most of the months are named either in honor of the ancient gods of the Roman pantheon, or in honor of the Roman emperors. However, the last month of our calendar is not included in their number, because our first winter month was the tenth among the ancient Romans, for which, in fact, it got its name. The Slavic languages, and Russian in particular, gave December several names that characterize this month from different sides: breast, jelly or snowfield. The name of the months in Finnish is significantly different. Here the name of each month ends in kuu - month (calendar and in the sky). So in the Finnish calendar, in place of December, you will find joulukuu ("Christmas month"), and its former name in Finland was talvikuu and translated as "winter month".
January. In the tradition of the Roman chronology, January was the eleventh month of the year and the penultimate one. January got its name just in honor of one of the gods of the ancient Roman pantheon: Janus. Its distinguishing feature was its two-facedness: one face, according to the ideas of the ancient Romans, looked into the future, and the other - into the past. Considering that today is January - the first month of the new year, everything looks quite logical. In the Slavic languages, and in Russian as well, January is a prosynets. If you do not delve into the linguistic and cultural jungle, then such a name is usually associated with an increase in the length of the day and a greater number of clear days than in the previous month. In Finnish, January is tammikuu. Tammi in Finnish is oak, but the name of the month itself is closely related to the archaic meaning of the word: center, focus, core. Tammikuu - mid winter.
February. In the ancient Roman calendar, this winter month was just the last and got its name thanks to the holiday of cleansing from all the bad things that happened in the past year. However, it is rather difficult to establish the exact origin of the name. The Slavic calendar in this sense is much simpler. According to him, February is either cut (the forest was cut for firewood), or lute / fierce (February frosts are like that). Observant Finns noted the short February thaws and this month got its name from the droplets freezing on the branches that appear after a short warming. Helmi is Finnish for "pearl" and the month itself is helmikuu.
Spring months
March. It was this month that opened the ancient Roman calendar. The name of the month goes back to Mars, which was so revered by the warlike Romans. They began planning all their campaigns and conquests in March. The Slavic languages are rich in different names for March: dry, winter-harbor, thawed, birch (in the southern regions, spring comes earlier and buds on birches also swell earlier), beloyar, sokovik. The name of the first spring month in Finnish comes from the word maa - "earth". In March, it begins to peep out from under the snow. The name of March in the Finnish calendar is Maaliskuu.
April. The Latin word aprilis means "disclosure." This month, the first buds on the trees open and the first spring greens appear. In the Slavic calendar, this month also has several names: snow and pollen, sometimes birch. In Finland, at this time, deforestation began for arable land, and therefore the name huhtikuu was stuck for a month. Huhta in Finnish means sweeping, burning. By the way, April 1 in Finland, as well as in other countries, is April Fool's Day.
May. In Roman mythology, there was such a goddess of spring - Maya, in her honor the ancient Romans named the month in which nature finally awakens from the winter cold. The Slavic calendar also marked the exuberant May bloom, giving this month the name grass. The Finns, on the other hand, marked the beginning of the first agricultural work in the name of the month: toukokuu. Touko - this is still the name of the spring field work.
Summer months
June. The ancient Romans also named the first month of summer after one of the goddesses: Juno, who was considered the patroness of women and the hearth. The Slavic calendar gave the first summer month a name associated with insects. In Bulgarian, June and today is Izok. In the old days, this word was used to call grasshoppers, of which there are very, very many in the initial summer season. As for the Finnish calendar, June and all other summer months in the names bear the memory of agricultural work. Kesä in Finnish means "summer", kesanto - a field left under fallow, it was plowed in June, steam was raised. And June itself is kesäkuu.
July. It seems that everyone knows about the origin of the name of this month. After all, the name of Julius Caesar is immortalized in it, although before the month was called the quintile from the word quintus - the fifth. In the calendar of the Slavs, depending on the region, July was named: worm (from red berries), lipets / linden (the month of flowering of the linden), stray (the month of the most active field work, harvest) and the thunderstorm (the month of the most stormy thunderstorms). Translated from Finnish, July is the month of grass, more precisely - the preparation of hay for livestock feed: heinäkuu, heinä in Finnish - grass.
August. Another renamed month of the Roman calendar. "Sixth" August was called exactly until 8 BC, when it was renamed in honor of the emperor Augustus, who really wanted to be like Caesar. Even the days were added to the required number. The ancient Slavs in this month began to harvest wheat and the month was named accordingly: serpen or stubble. Distant thunderstorms raging on the horizon and lightning gave another name - the glow or zornichka. In Finnish, August is elokuu. Elo - life, bread, grain.
Autumn months
September. The Romans did not show any particular originality in the names of the autumn months. Perhaps the fantasy has run out. So September is just the "seventh month". Due to the fact that in September the mating season begins for many animals and males, especially deer, roar invitingly calling out rivals to fight, the first autumn month was named "Ruyin". For the wild flowering of heather, it was also called "Veresen", and for the changeable weather - gloomy. Syys, syksy is Finnish for "autumn" and month is syyskuu.
October."Eighth" month of the Roman calendar. "Leaf fall" and "muddy", and also - "wedding". After the end of the field work, weddings were played in the fall, hence the name of the month. Rainy and slushy Finnish October is called the "month of slush" - lokakuu.
November. The "ninth" month in the Roman calendar. In the Slavic calendar, this month is breast. Broken and frozen ruts on the road were called piles. In Finnish, this month is called marraskuu, because in Finland this month is considered the darkest and most lifeless.
- V. Shaur. On the question of the reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic names of the months.
- V.E. Gusev. About the reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic calendar (to the problem of the ethnogenesis of the Slavs).
- IN AND. Dahl. Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.
The beginning and end of four seasons in different countries of Europe and America are counted by two methods - astronomical and calendar. In addition, there are meteorological, phenological and cultural principles for determining the beginning of the seasons of the year.
In Russia, it is customary to count on a calendar principle, therefore, March 1 is congratulated on the first day of spring, and March 8 is considered a spring holiday. But if you read the books of American writers, you can see phrases like "it was at the end of winter, March 10". The fact is that in the USA. In Canada and many European countries, it is customary to count the beginning of the seasons according to the astronomical principle.
According to the astronomical principle, the beginning of the seasons falls on the days of the solstices:
- Spring(March 20 or 21);
- summer(June 20 or 21);
- autumn(September 22 or 23);
- winter(December 21 - 22).
But the solstice in different years falls on different days (the difference is 1 - 2 days). Therefore, for convenience in countries where the astronomical method is used, usually the new season begins on the 21st of the corresponding month. Therefore, it is believed that Catholic Christmas is a holiday that occurs at the beginning of winter. However, in everyday life, many Europeans use a simpler calendar principle.
This difference in approach often surprises expats and travelers. It must be taken into account when reading national literature (however, translators usually provide explanations in such cases in footnotes).
The astronomical approach also explains the reason for the widespread start of summer holidays in Europe at a later time than in Russia. The end of holidays in European countries often falls in mid-September, which corresponds to the end of the main holiday season.
From a meteorological point of view, the astronomical principle for most European countries is closer to the real start of the seasons than the calendar one. December, although it is the darkest month of the year, is usually less cold than March (this is due to climatic inertia - the earth, which has accumulated heat, leaves it more slowly than it heats up). The beginning of June is usually cooler than the beginning of September (this is especially noticeable at sea).
But from the point of view of meteorologists and climatologists, there is no exact date for the beginning of the seasons! Winter comes at a time when the average daily air temperature, having stepped over 0 C, tends to decrease. Therefore, in Yakutia, for example, winter begins at the end of September, and in Krasnodar - at the beginning of January. And summer, which begins with the transition from the average daily air temperature of +15 C upwards, does not come at all in some regions of Russia. For example, in Murmansk it happens only in warmer years.
In different eras in different countries, the beginning of a particular season was determined according to cultural and religious traditions. In Ireland, for example, August is referred to as the autumn months according to Celtic tradition. And in Russia, until the 18th century, the seasons were counted in accordance with major holidays: spring came to the Annunciation (March 25) and lasted until the Nativity of John the Baptist (June 24).
Finally, there is also the phenological principle of determining the onset of a new season - according to the behavior of nature. According to this principle, spring will come when thawed patches appear in the field. And it will end - when the rose hips bloom.
We are taught this way (in America). But I quickly, so that the child's brain does not stick together, explained that there is a calendar arrival of spring, and there is an astronomical one - on the day of the vernal equinox. And there is also a phenological one, when the average daily temperature steadily exceeds 0 Celsius.
By the way, take a look at what I found. If you tell the child in simple words, you will get a very voluminous and romantic explanation:
“The spring season consists of four sub-seasons, each with its own pheno-indicators.
Subseason 1 (snow melting), according to Mikhail Prishvin - "spring of light" - begins with the appearance of the first thawed patches in the field, and ends with the beginning of flowering of gray alder and hazel-hazel. Rooks, gulls, starlings and larks arrive during this sub-season. Sap flow and swelling of maple and birch buds begins. The snow cover in the fields disappears and completely disappears, the reservoirs begin to clear of ice.
In the same period, fishing on the last ice ends and fishing begins in open water. During this sub-season, some species of fish (pike, ide, dace, podust, asp, ruff) prepare and in some places start spawning. In some places, roach, ide and bream are already well caught.
2nd subseason (revitalization of spring) - begins with the blooming of gray alder. A good indicator of the beginning of this sub-season for urban dwellers is a mother-and-stepmother turning yellow on clay wastelands. In the Central region, as a rule, the onset of these phenomena falls on April 15-20.
There is a final freeing of water bodies from ice, the soil dries up from above, many country roads become passable and accessible for transport, the way for fishermen to the most inaccessible and remote places is opened.
In this sub-season, cranes and woodcocks arrive, bumblebees fly out (pusher mosquitoes, flies and the first butterflies appear earlier), and sometimes frogs' songs are heard. Earthworms revive. The pike and ide finish spawning, the ruff and asp continue, and the perch and bream begin (older age groups, the largest, the so-called "birch"). The period with birch leafing and elm “dusting” ends.
Subseason 3 (mid-spring) - begins from the moment when the birch turns green. At this time, for about two decades, the increase in heat continues. The days are getting hotter and the nights are warmer. "There is a green noise buzzing," as the poet said. Trees and shrubs grow greener, bird cherry blossoms, orchards bloom. There are more and more insects, songbirds arrive, feeding on them.
In the meadows, in the forests, in the field, everything is wildly green and blooming: dandelion, gooseberries, strawberries, red currants, blueberries, swimsuit, lily of the valley, red clover ... Nightingales sing in the coastal thickets, and in the meadows and the field you can already hear the crake quail.
These are all signs: the pike starts eating, the bream, which has partially spawned, and the chub are caught. In some places, ides are still finishing spawning, and roach and podust continue their spawning. In some places it is already starting well, but still periodically, irregularly, to take crucian carp.
The period ends with the blossoming of mountain ash and purple lilac, and these same phenomena make it possible to start counting the time of the last sub-season of spring, which, like the previous one, also lasts for about two decades.
In which months of the year do autumn, winter and spring begin in Russia?
- No, there will be no more autumn, winter and spring in Russia: we have switched to summer time forever!
- A strange question, of course, well, if I need to tell you!)) Winter from December, spring from March, summer from June and autumn from September)))))
- Autumn
Northern Hemisphere September 1 November 30 Autumn equinox (September 22-23) Winter solstice (December 21-22)
Southern Hemisphere March 1 May 31 Autumn equinox (March 20-21) Winter solstice (June 20-21)
Winter
Climatologists believe that winter begins when the average daily temperature drops below zero Celsius.The coldest month is usually January (on the sea coasts, due to the fact that the sea has a strong inertia, the coldest month is often February). Although the darkest month is December, the earth's atmosphere is inert, and cooling continues in January.
Winter comes to Russia from the northeast.
The folk calendar, taking natural phenomena as a basis, defines the beginning of winter with the appearance of frost, and the end at the beginning of snow melting. According to the phenological seasons of the year, winter includes about 111 days (from November 27 to March 17) and is divided into three sub-seasons:
first winter (pre-winter) 25 days (from November 27 to December 22);
indigenous winter (wilderness) 55 days (from December 22 to February 15);
the turn of winter (anticipation) 31 days (from 15 February 28 March (27 March hanging year)).
Meteorologists usually divide winters into two types: mild winters (warm, not snowy) and cold winters.
The cold is not established immediately, usually there are frosts, then thaws. Snow usually starts around the end of October (first half of November).
Spring # 769; one of the four seasons, between winter and summer.
The calendar spring consists of three months:
in the northern hemisphere:
March
April
May
in the southern hemisphere:
September,
october
November.
Spring is a transitional season when there is a noticeable increase in daylight hours.
Summer
Hydrometeorological services believe that the summer period begins with the transition of the average daily air temperature through +15 degrees Celsius upward and ends with the transition of the same mark downward.If the onset of climatic summer is determined in this way, it turns out that the duration of the summer significantly depends on the latitude:
in the polar latitudes of the Arctic, summer is short or does not come at all; in Murmansk, summer is climatic only in warmer years;
in St. Petersburg the climatic summer lasts three months;
at the latitude of Krasnodar, about six to seven months;
in subtropical latitudes, summer lasts more than # 769; most of the year;
in tropical and equatorial latitudes all year round.In Moscow, the climatic summer lasts an average of 4 months from mid-May to mid-September.
- Any
- September, December ,. March
- Starts in September and ends in November
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