It is difficult to find a person with absolutely healthy teeth today. Fortunately, dental services offer a number of ways to restore a beautiful smile. Depending on the material and physiological capabilities of the patient, doctors may offer to install crowns, bridges or removable dentures, as well as implants. What's better?
Proposed treatment facilities should be judged against several basic criteria.
- Qualifications, seniority and experience of the medical staff. That is, you should find out how long the clinic has been specifically engaged in dental implantation, what is the track record of doctors, how many diplomas, certificates and certificates of advanced training they have. You can directly ask the prospective attending dentist how many teeth he inserted with his own hands. Dental clinics that have recently appeared on the market and inexperienced doctors are best avoided;
- Equipment. It is desirable that a separate operating room be allocated for dental implantation in the clinic, in which special equipment is installed, in particular, a device for obtaining panoramic images. If the clinic asks to bring pictures taken somewhere in another medical institution, this indicates that little is done in this institution;
- Documentation and guarantees. The clinic must have a license, permits for surgical admission of patients, and permission from the SES. Mandatory attention must be paid to warranty obligations, and they must be real. Too abundant guarantees should alert, as well as their complete absence;
- Prices. Different clinics have different pricing policies, but choosing the cheapest implantation services is not worth it, nor is it worth overpaying for a brand. You need to choose the "golden mean", that is, the optimal ratio of the price of the implants themselves and the work of a qualified specialist.
Photo: Dentist's office in a mid-level clinic and in a high-level clinic
Implantation is a way to replace a missing tooth with its artificial counterpart, allowing you to restore chewing function or attractiveness after tooth loss.
Implantation is also necessary because the jaw bone begins to atrophy in place of the missing tooth, which can even lead to a change in the shape of the face.
Advantages and disadvantages
Like any medical intervention in the human body, dental implantation has two sides of the coin.
The advantages of this method include:
- naturalness: artificial teeth look like real ones;
- refusal of uncomfortable removable dentures;
- preservation of the teeth adjacent to the implant, that is, there is no need to grind healthy teeth;
- the speed of the operation and the absence of pain during its implementation;
- full anatomical and functional correspondence of artificial teeth;
- good engraftment of implants;
- long service life, warranty is given for 20-30 years.
The disadvantages of dental implantation are the high cost of the procedure and the long period during which it will be clear whether the implant has taken root.
Video: implantation
Dental prosthetics with crowns
The installation of crowns is the most common and simplest method of dental prosthetics. And today they represent the most common type of fixed prosthetics.
The variety of dental crowns is constantly growing, combining all the best that is in modern dental prosthetics.
Advantages and disadvantages
The undeniable advantages of crowns are, first of all, that they can be used to restore almost any tooth that has a root.
Crowns can also be used to change the shape of a tooth if it is irregular or there are gaps between the teeth. An important advantage of the crown is its low cost compared to other methods of dental prosthetics.
The disadvantages of this method include, first of all, the need to grind the tooth itself, including its healthy tissues, and neighboring teeth.
If the finished structure is too deepened by the dentist into the gum, inflammation may begin.
If the crown is not installed correctly, various processes can occur under it, the tooth will begin to collapse, but it will be impossible to find out about this because of the standing crown.
materials
Dental crowns are divided into metal, metal-ceramic and all-ceramic.
The choice of material depends on the clinical performance of the patient, his financial capabilities and personal wishes.
- metal. The first type of crowns to appear, which is still in use today. They are made of stainless or chrome-cobalt steel, titanium, as well as gold and platinum (completely made of precious metals or only coated with them). Such crowns completely restore the chewing function, but are the most unaesthetic.
- Metal-ceramic. The inner part of such crowns is made of metal, and the outer part is made of ceramic. Thus, it is a cross between strength and aesthetics. But at the slightest decrease in the gums, in this case, a metal rim will be noticeable.
- All-ceramic. With the introduction of zirconia into crowns, pure ceramic designs have become as strong as real teeth. This is the most aesthetic, but also the most expensive type of crowns.
Which crowns are better to put on the back or front teeth
Since the posterior teeth do not fall into the smile line, crowns in this area do not have to be beautiful. Therefore, metal crowns are mainly placed on the molars, which can be either cast metal or gold-plated.
If the smile is wide and chewing teeth fall into its line, or the aesthetic component is extremely important to the patient, then both metal ceramics and pure ceramics can be put on the molars (if there is an unlimited budget for the procedure).
Photo: Metal-free ceramic crowns
Crowns are placed on the front teeth, which, first of all, have good aesthetics, and this is either metal-ceramic (budget option), or porcelain or ceramics with the addition of zirconium dioxide.
Video: prosthetics with crowns
Bridges
A bridge is a non-removable structure that replaces small defects in the dentition in the absence of several consecutive teeth.
Such prostheses are attached to the abutment teeth located on both sides of the dental defect, that is, if 1 tooth is missing, the bridge will consist of 3 crowns, etc.
Kinds
Bridges are classified according to the materials from which they are made.
- soldered. The design of single stamped crowns connected by soldering. These are very poor quality prostheses that have a bad effect on the oral mucosa, so today they are almost never used.
- Solid cast. The design is made of cobalt-chromium alloy, without the use of soldering, in a cast way, which eliminates errors in manufacturing and heterogeneity of metals.
- Metal-ceramic. They differ from metal-ceramic crowns only in the presence of a larger metal frame, which is covered with a ceramic mass. They are inferior to metal-free ceramic prostheses only in aesthetics (slightly) and are an affordable option.
- Ceramic. They are made from zirconium dioxide using CAD / CAM technology based on a three-dimensional model created on a computer.
Advantages and disadvantages
Each type of prosthetics has its advantages and disadvantages, and bridges are no exception.
The advantages of bridge prostheses are durability (they last 10–15 years), unlimited length of the bridge prosthesis and low cost, even the most expensive ceramic prosthesis will cost much less than implantation.
The disadvantages of this method of prosthetics are the need for grinding and depulpation of the supporting teeth, and the pressure of the bridge on these teeth, which can lead to their loosening.
Video: bridges
Removable and partially removable false teeth
Basically, removable dentures are used in case of complete loss of teeth, that is, if it is impossible to fix a fixed structure in the mouth, or if it is necessary to restore the extreme teeth in a row.
In dentistry, fully removable (teeth are completely missing) and partially removable (there are separate teeth) dentures are used. This is the most common and cheapest way of dentures.
Photo: Fully removable denture
Advantages and disadvantages
Removable dentures have a lot of advantages - they can be used in the most difficult cases, they are suitable for people of any age and are inexpensive.
Removable dentures are made individually, so the period of getting used to them is minimal, installation is fast, and the patient regains an aesthetic smile and chewing functions.
The disadvantages of this design are the following - removable dentures require constant and special care, regular cleaning. Prolonged wearing of such a prosthesis can lead to atrophy of the jaw bone tissue, plus it is short-lived and requires periodic replacement.
Video: removable dentures
Combined Methods
Combined prostheses consist of a fixed and a removable part.
The non-removable part is fixed with a special composition on the abutment teeth or with screws on the implants, and the removable part comes separately.
Both parts of the prosthesis are connected to each other with the help of locks.
- Clasps. Metal hooks with springy properties that securely hold the removable denture in the mouth. The disadvantage of clasps is their visibility.
- Attachments. A locking or hinged device for mechanical fixation and stabilization of a removable prosthesis in the mouth. Attachments consist of two parts - a matrix (attached to the abutment tooth) and a male (built into a removable denture).
Combined methods of prosthetics also include clasp prostheses on telescopic crowns - the primary telescope is cemented on the abutment tooth, the secondary one is built into the prosthesis.
Both crowns are placed on top of each other when putting on a removable prosthesis, which ensures its tight fixation in the mouth.
Which teeth are better to put in the complete absence of teeth
Complete adentia, that is, the complete absence of teeth, can be solved by several dental methods.
- Removable dentures. Attached to the gums by suction or with a special adhesive. The cheapest and most common way.
- Implantation of all teeth of the jaw. An implant is placed in place of each missing tooth, on which a crown is attached. By far the most expensive way to solve the problem, moreover, it is not available with insufficient bone tissue or restrictions on the proximity of the nerves.
- Bridge prosthesis on implants. Depending on the financial and physiological capabilities of the patient, from 2 to 10 implants are installed on each jaw, on which the bridge is then attached. This method can be called the golden mean in solving the problem of complete adentia.
- Complete removable prosthesis on implants. During prosthetics on the lower jaw, 2 implants are usually installed, on which a removable prosthesis is fixed. It is recommended to implant 4 implants in the upper jaw.
Photo: Removable prosthesis on 2 implants
FAQ
What determines the success of dental implants?
From the conditions under which the implant is installed, that is, from the quality of the bone, its volume. Careful planning of the procedure, including computed tomography and modeling, is also very important.
Photo: Computer simulation before implantation
When can a patient return to normal life after the installation of artificial teeth?
In the vast majority of cases, this happens the next day after the operation.
Can a tooth be inserted immediately after it has been removed?
The implant is placed only on healthy tissue, so if the tooth was removed due to its inflammation, then it takes time for the tissues to heal. In other cases it is possible.
Is it possible to eat normally with dentures?
Yes, regardless of whether the patient has crowns, bridges, implants or other structures, the ability to bite and chew food normally is maintained.
What are the contraindications for dental implants?
Conditions after strokes and heart attacks, radiation and chemotherapy, oncological diseases. In diabetes mellitus, implantation is possible only with the passage of an optimal course of drug treatment.
What crowns to put on very weak teeth?
A weak tooth, that is, one that is carious, cracked or chipped, can be saved by installing a crown on it. Any crown material is suitable for this - it all depends on the location of the weak tooth.
If these are chewing teeth, then you can limit yourself to metal crowns, while metal-ceramic or zirconium alloy is used for the front ones.
Prices
Implants
The cost of one dental implant varies from 10 000 before 65 000 rubles per piece, excluding the cost of the crown, depending on the country of origin and the selected company.
The cost of classical implantation of 1 tooth in Moscow clinics
Crowns
Prices for metal crowns range from 3000 before 12 000 rubles, for ceramic-metal - from 5000 before 20 000 rubles. The cost of a metal-free ceramic crown will be from 10 000 before 30 000 rubles, and zirconia crowns - from 20 000 before 40 0000 rubles.
Prices for metal and ceramic-metal crowns in dentistry in Moscow
Photo: Metal-free ceramic crown
Prices for all-ceramic crowns and ceramic crowns on a zirconia framework in Moscow dentistry
Bridges
The cost of bridges (the price is indicated per crown unit, for example, 3 units are required to restore 1 tooth):
- solid - from 3500 rubles;
- cermet - from 6 000 rubles;
- ceramic - from 16 000 rubles.
Removable dentures
The price of a fully removable acrylic denture varies from 10 000 before 20 000 rubles. Prices for a full nylon denture average around 30 000 rubles, in some clinics reaching up to 100 000 rubles.
Photo: Fully removable nylon prosthesis
The cost of a partial removable denture depends on too many factors, so it is calculated individually.
The cost of a fully removable nylon prosthesis in Moscow clinics
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