Gregory Alekseevich Yavlinsky
Biography. Details.
http://www.yavlinsky.ru/dossier/biography/index.phtml
"Knaging Conference
Krasnorechye and valor "
V. Shakespeare "Hamlet"
Surname
According to the family legend, the surname occurred from the name of the Epiphany Cathedral in Moscow (Elokhovskaya Church), which served one of the ancestors of Grigory Yavlinsky. The "cousin" branch of the family is naming.
A family
Father - Alexey Grigorievich Yavlinsky.
The exact date of birth is unknown. The passport contains 1919, but the Alexey Grigorievich brothers told that he could be born in the 1912th, and in 1917. Open date of birth is not uncommon for that time: war, revolution. Alexey, as many children then, remained without parents, unreserved - the older brothers themselves were small and could not feed the younger.
At the beginning of the 30s, Alexey Yavlinsky was brought up in Anton Semenovich Makarenko's Commune named after Dzerzhinsky in Kharkov. The famous teacher doubted that Alexei would be able to come out of Alexey: as he said, that "too freedoming and spoiled."
In 1937-38, when almost all the boys dreamed of being pilots or tankers, Aleksey Grigorievich went to study in Batay's flight school. But the character has given himself to know: for participating in a fight that lasted for several days, Alexey was excluded from the school.
In 1939 he was called in the army (served in Andijan in Central Asia).
In the current army, Alexey Grigorievich was in February 1942 - he fell to the North Caucasus to the artillery troops. Soon became the commander of the battery of the artillery regiment 333 Guards Morning Order of the Martial Red Banner of the Turkestan Division.
As part of the 52nd separate seaside army, he participated in the Kerch Desantte, freed the Crimea, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia. In his honor, the street of the Czech city of Olomouc was named - Battery Alexei Grigorievich first entered the city liberated from German troops. He graduated from the war in Tatras (Czechoslovakia) by senior lieutenant.
Awarded combat awards: the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree and the Order of the "Red Star", the Medal "For Combat Merit".
After the war, Alexey Grigorievich was married in 1947 and settled in Lviv, graduated from absentia the historical faculty of Lviv Person Institute and the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In 1947-61 he worked as an educator, a senior educator, head of the children's labor educational colony. In 1961, he was appointed Head of the Distributor Children's Receiver for Storgeons. It seems that he turned out to be the only pupil of Makarenko, who literally followed the example of the teacher: he did not just with the upbringing of children, but the benchmarks and, so-called "difficult" adolescents.
In 1980, the decision of the Central Committee of Ukraine, children's institutions were transferred to the Interior Ministry. Teachers, whom Yavlinsky-senior collected carefully, replaced soldiers with automatic machines, war. Alexey Grigorievich was categorically against such changes. After the next "hot" conversation with the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine he died from a heart attack (August 27, 1981).
About the meaning of Alexey Grigorievich for Grigory Yavlinsky, you can read in detail in the collection of his interviews "a few interviews on personal issues."
Mom ha - Vera Naumovna, born in 1924 in Kharkov. Immediately after the war, her family moved to Lviv from Tashkent, where she lived in evacuation. Faith Naumovna finished with honors from the Chemistry Faculty of Lviv University and the Chemistry was taught in the Forestry Institute.
Parents ha are buried in Lviv.
Father's brothers: Mikhail Grigorievich - pilot, died during the war. Semen Grigorievich realized another boyish dream - became an intelligence. At the end of life, I taught English in the Moscow university. Leonid Grigorievich during the war worked as a driver, in particular on the road of life passing on the ice of Ladoga Lake, supporting a connection with the dying blockade Leningrad. After the war, worked at a shoe factory.
A secondary brother - Nathan Yavlinsky (1912-1962) One of the creators of the "Tokamak" is a plasma unit for a controlled thermonuclear synthesis reaction. Tokamak is used in industrial and military developments. Crashed in a plane crash.
Lviv - Moscow
Gregory Yavlinsky was born on April 10, 1952 in Ukraine, in Lviv.Five years later, his brother Mikhail was born.
"In poverty, we did not live, but buying toys was an event. Or if the pants break. What is pineapple, bananas, oranges-tangerines, I just didn't know," said Grigory Alekseevich. (About his childhood, also read the stories of his mom, brothers, Lviv friends.)
In the children's company hectares. More than once participated in the fights "Wall on the wall".
In 1964 he began to seriously engage in boxing in the sports society "Dynamo". He was a two-time champion of Ukraine on boxing among juniors in the second welterweight weight in 1967 and 1968. But in 1969, the coach decided that it was time to choose, "boxing or everything else" and ha left a serious boxing.
At that time, Javlinsky knew exactly what he wanted to become an economist. (About the school years, whom friends called "Garik", are told by his classmates).
In the ninth grade, he decided that after graduation, you need to go to a good Moscow university. This required excellent knowledge of profile subjects. To win time for additional classes, ha decided to go to the evening school of working young people. At the same time, it is arranged to work.
For a short time he worked at Lviv Post Air Forwarder, at the leather goods factory and "ass" a mechanic at the Lviv glass firm "Raduga". (About the "working everydays" tells a colleague on the workshop Mikhailo Andrejiko.) Taking a vacation in the summer of 1969, went to Moscow and entered the Institute of National Economy. Plekhanov (in the surprise - shhushka) on the general economic department in the specialty "Economics of Labor".
Shushka - Sumin
During the years of students, in addition to study, there was still marriage, concerns about a small child. From exotic: Javlinsky ran on the anecdotov competition twice, which arranged students of the shuffles every year.
In 1973, he graduated from the institute, and in the 1976th graduate school, becoming a candidate of economic sciences. The thesis: "Improving the division of labor of the workers of the chemical industry."
In 1976-77, ha worked as a senior engineer, then the Senior Researcher of the All-Union Research Institute for the Office of the Coal Industry (VNIUugol). I traveled the whole country, worked for a long time in Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk. He was engaged in the regulation of the labor of employees and engineers of mines and cuts, developed the first (and last) qualification directory in the USSR (official rates and the volume of tasks of each employee were normalized, the safety standards of various works, etc.)
In 1980 hectares, he was appointed headed by the Heavy Industry Sector of the Research Institute of Labor Committee for Labor and Social Affairs.
In 1980-82, he was engaged in the problems of improving the USSR economic mechanism. After a speech on the scientist with a scientific report on this topic (1982), all specimens (including sent) theses of the report were withdrawn, and hanged "to the tuberculosis hospital. Semen Levin tells about life there - the famous designer, the one that came up with the NTV brand sign - a green "pea".
Since 1984 hectares, he works in the State Commercial System: Deputy Head of the Consolidated Department, then the head of the Office of Social Development and Population.
In the summer of 1989, Leonid Abalkin, who had just became the Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council and headed the Commission on Economic Reform, invited the head of the Consumer Economic Department of the State Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on economic reform (known as the Abalkin Commission).
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia - Deputy Prime Minister of the USSR
The ideology of economic development, defended by Yavlinsky, did not support the premiere of Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, and did not enter the final version of the government program.
In the winter-spring 1990, Yavlinsky, together with Alexey Mikhailov and Mikhail Zadornov (then the younger researcher of the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences) work on the project of reforming the USSR economy, which received the name "400 days of trust." It has been painted by the Government's Sequence Program for the relevant period.
The program fell into the hands of Mikhail Bocharov, deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR and called "500 days" was proposed by B.N. Yeltsin, then the chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, as the program of reforming the Russian economy (and not the USSR, like the Yavlinsky group).
At the initiative of Yavlinsky between the two conflicting parties - Gorbachev and Yeltsin, an agreement is achieved on the development of joint measures for economic reforms in the USSR based on the program "500 days", a working group is being created.
Preparation of the document from B. Yeltsin was instructed by a group of economists under the leadership of Academician Stanislav Shatalin and from M. Gorbachev - Gregory Yavlinsky group. The program was approved on September 11, 1990 by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.
Yavlinsky was appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR and the Chairman of the State Commission on Economic Reform (Zadornov and Mikhailov become members of the Commission in the rank of deputy ministers).
Academician Sergey Aleksashenko, Leonid Grigoriev, Mikhail Zadornov, Vladimir Turkit, Alexey Mikhailov, Nikolay Petrakov, Boris Fedorov, Stanislav Shatalin, Evgeny Yasin, Tatiana Yarygin, representatives of the Union republics, took part in the work.
By September 1, 1990, the program "500 days" and 20 draft laws to it were prepared, approved by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR and are presented for consideration by the Supreme Council of the USSR.
The program caused resistance to the Pre-Section of the USSR Ryzhkov.
The atmosphere of the work of two competing teams characterizes the story of one of the participants in the workshops of Gorbachev. USSR Finance Minister Valentin Pavlov tried to hide the real budget indicators. Yavlinsky from under the table (so as not to see Gorbachev) showed Pavlov a sheet of paper on which he wrote in large letters: "It smells like a Nuremberg process!"
Ryzhkov offered the Supreme Council an alternative project "The main directions of development" and threatened with his resignation. By that time, a political position occupied by Gorbachev had changed. Equal membership of all republics, as expected in "500 days", and not vertical submission to the center seemed not to strengthen the Union Treaty, but an onset of him.
In the Supreme Council, the USSR Gorbachev made an association of Javallin-Shatalin programs and Abalkin-Ryzhkov, which, according to both parties, was resolutely impossible.
From the compromise between "500 days" and the "main directions" the program of the President of the USSR was born. In addition, the Union and Russian governments did not fulfill their obligations, although most of the leaders of the Republic of SSR supported "500 days", some republics took her basis in their supreme councils, and work plans agreed with the main course of the program began to enter the center.
At a joint meeting of the Chamber of Representatives and the Chamber of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, on October 17, 1990, Yavlinsky resigned. He stated that the transition to the market system would be per all equal, but "the entrance to the market will not be through stabilization, but through increasing inflation." (Cm. Also a letter G.A. Yavlinsky deputies of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR asking for resignation.)
In addition to work on "500 days" in three and a half months, the Team of Yavlinsky prepared the first law on privatization (law "on the procedure for the acquisition of property by citizens from the state", subsequently deteriorated by the Supreme Council) and the entire package of accompanying regulations; A new government structure corresponding to the time was developed (in particular, with the provisions on new committees: antimonopoly, according to government property management, etc.); The technical side of the decision "on joint-stock societies", which is valid until recently.
At the end of 1990, Yavlinsky creates (along with the team that began to develop around him since its work in the Ministry of Labor), the non-state research organization of the epicenter: Economic and Political Studies Center. Yavlinsky is his permanent chairman. Subsequently, the work of the Center became the most important part of the activity of the faction, and then the Party "Apple". In the 90s, the epicenter rents the room on the 27th floor of the former Sav building - overlooking the White House.
In April 1991, US State Department officially invited Yavlinsky at a meeting of the Council of Experts "Big Seven" with the status of the participant. His speech on "seven" became the basis for the creation of a program for the integration of the Soviet economy into the global economic system "Consent to Chance". The work is conducted by the epicenter along with scientists at Harvard University (USA) with political support for the President of the USSR M. Gorbachev. (Here - Mikhail Leontyev about the program "Consent to Chance" and the program itself).
The project was ready in July 1991 and made public at the next meeting of "seven" in London. But soon Gorbachev refused its implementation under pressure from Prime Minister V.S. Pavlova, V. Medvedev, Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Secretary of Ideology and V.A. Kryuchkova, Chairman of the KGB.
During the coup in August 1991, Yavlinsky was in the White House. On September 21, the arrests of Gacchupists took place.
To ensure civilian control to arrests as public witnesses attracted famous people. Yavlinsky, in particular, asked to enter a group that went to arrest the USSR Minister of Internal Affairs in 1990-91 Boris Karlovich Pugo. Contrary to rumors circulating in the left press, he shot himself before he arrived. This is about this son.
After the August coup in 1991, the government broke up, and the operational management of the national economy of the USSR on August 24 was transferred to the specially created committee with the same name - CCCH CCCH head led by Ivan Silayov. Yavlinsky (along with the president of the Scientific and Industrial Union of the USSR, Arkady Volsky and Vice-Mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov), decree of the President of the USSR M. Gorbachev appointed Deputy Chairman of the Committee in the Ring of the Vice-Premiere. From October to December 1991, he is also a member of the Political Advisory Committee under the President of the USSR.
The working group headed by the Working Group prepared "an agreement on economic cooperation between the Republics of the USSR" and 26 applications to it.
The aim of the contract was to preserve the Unified Economic Space and the USSR market, regardless of the future political union of the republics.
The contract and applications assumed the creation of the International Economic Committee to regulate relations between the republics, the banking union, arbitration, the preservation of a single currency, the labor market and the workforce movement, carrying out a single monetary policy, and so on. Assessment "Treaty" Look in an interview with Yuri Luzhkov here.
The contract was paraffin on October 18, 1991 in Almaty representatives of the 10th republics ratified by Russia in the Kremlin. However, Yeltsin was against the strengthening of the new Naso-Union formation, as this was questioned by his authority. His advisers said that without a "ballast" in the form of less developed republics, Russia will quickly learn in the market.
Nevertheless, in November, Yeltsin offered the post of Prime Minister Yavlinsky. The presidential condition was a gap of economic relations with the republics. Yavlinsky could not agree with such an approach and put forward his conditions: preservation of the economic union, key economic posts in the government should be deposited and - enter the government team. E. Gaidar was appointed Deputy Prime Minister.
The day after the conclusion of the Belovezh Agreements, Yavlinsky with comrades (M.M. Zadornov, A.Yu. Mikhailov, T.V. Yarygin, V.N. Kushchenko), left the government, and the Committee ceased to exist.
In September 1991, with the written permission of Gorbachev, Javlinsky made a sensational statement about the size of the golden stock of the USSR, which was extremely small. (Story about this Vladimir Raevsky, Minister of Finance of the USSR since August 1991 to February 1992).
Democratic alternative
In the spring of 1992, the Yavlinsky team first introduced a democratic alternative to Gaidar reforms based on serious economic analysis. (Work "Diagnosis", Moscow, 1992.)
From May to November 1992, the epicenter of Yavlinsky with the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region has worked out a program of regional reforms. The main measures for the stabilization of the economy were the first regional issue of the regional loan bonds, which solved the problem of lack of cash (and was fully paid), the release of manufacturers from non-production costs, as well as the introduction of the information system for the operational tracking of social indicators. " Yavlinsky believes that as a result of a three-month work, he managed to create a basis for the formation of a market infrastructure and make a number of proposals relating to "new federalism" in Russia ("to look for solutions not from top to bottom, and from the bottom up"). The results of the work are described in the book "Nizhny Novgorod Prolog" issued by the epicenter in 1993.
He was a member of the Public Council on Foreign and Defense Policy established on June 22, 1992(by the co-chairman of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs A. Volsky, along with deputies of the Sun RSFSR E. Ambartsumov, S. Yushchenkov, and others).
Member of the editorial board of the "New Daily Newspaper" - the predecessor of the "New Gazeta".
In 1993, Javlinsky begins to develop a privatization project in Moscow "not for Chubais" - "Moscow Privatization", approved in early 1995.
After the Decree of Yeltsin on the dissolution of the Parliament in September 1993 and the response attempts of the Supreme Council, to remove the president from power, Yavlinsky, considering the decision of the President and the Supreme Council illegal, offered a compromise version, which provided for the simultaneous early election of the President and Parliament (the procedure for their organization was also suggested) , rejection of criminal and extrajudicial persecution of political opponents and so on.
However, on September 28, 1993, he was forced to admit that the compromise is more unrealized and that from parliament should be achieved mainly, the transfer of firearms, and from the presidential team - the organization of simultaneous elections and their transfer on a later date (for February-March 1994 of the year).
After the seizure of the mayor's office and the assault on October 3, 1993, he condemned the call of E. Gaidar to unarmed citizens to protect the building of the Mossovet and demanded the decisive suppression of armed rebellion.
He participated in the elections to the State Duma of 1993 as the leader of the electoral block "Apple" - the block received 7.86% of the vote and 27 seats in the State Duma.
In November 1994, after the well-known "campaign" on the formidable and captivity of a group of Russian tankers, Yavlinsky, together with colleagues in the "Applet", went to Chechnya, offered himself hostage in exchange for prisoners.
In January 1995, an union "Apple" was formed, Yavlinsky was elected by the Chair. In the 1995 election campaign, Yavlinsky participated as the leader of the "Apple" - the association received 6.89% of the vote and 46 seats in the State Duma.
In 1996, Yavlinsky nominated as a candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation from a democratic opposition, scored 7.4%
Yavlinsky is married. He has two sons.
Wife - Elena Anatolyevna. Grigory Yavlinsky met her back at the institute. She is an economist engineer, worked at the Institute of Coal Engineering (Research Institute "Giproogmash") to "Perestroika" abbreviations.
Senior Son, Mikhail (born in 1971), graduated from the Physician MSU in the Department of Theoretical Physics. Works journalist.
Junior, Alexey (born in 1981), defended his thesis, works by an engineer - a researcher to create computer systems.
material prepared by Evgenia Dillendorf
Grigoria Yavlinsky can rightly be called one of the old-timers among Russian politicians. His party "Apple", whose leader is for a long time, is in opposition in relation to the current government.
Starting from 1989, the political biography of Yavlinsky is rapidly developing. He works as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.
At the same time, it consists in the post of head of the Commission responsible for the transformation of economic reforms.
The result of his works was the so-called program "500 days". In it, he explained the translation of the existing economy to market conditions, as well as the introduction of private property.
In 1991, Yavlinsky sympathizes to power. Yeltsin even planned to give the post of Prime Minister Yavlinsky, but this post still goes to Hydar.
Soon the relationship between Yavlinsky and Yeltsin deteriorates sharply. Gregory Alekseevich expresses a categorical protest relative to the signing of Belovezhsky agreements.
In 1993, a sharp turn occurs in the biography of Yavlinsky. He creates his own party, calling her "apple." Despite the good start, in the past elections, the new political force takes only the 6th place.
It is noteworthy that members of the party have never been part of the current government. The ideology of the "apple" of that time was to terminate the Chechen war, modernizing the army, as well as anti-monopoly in the economic sector.
In the subsequent elections of 1996 and 2000, Yavlinsky is running for the post of head of government, ranking first fourth, and then third place.
In 2002, "Apple" does not pass to the State Duma, and the politician himself, speaking of the dishonest struggle for power, refuses to participate in future elections.
In fact, leaving the policy, he begins a new stage in his biography, namely teaching activities in the Higher School of Economics.
After 10 years, in 2012 at the congress of "Apple", members of the party again put forward their leader for the presidency. However, the Central Election Commission refuses to participate in the pre-election race due to the lack of electoral votes.
Naturally, politician himself did not agree with the decision of the commission.
Personal life
Grigory Yavlinsky is legitimate with Elena Anatolyevna. They have two children: Senior - Mikhail (born 1971), Son of Spouse from the first marriage, and their common son - Alexey (Rod. 1981).
Yavlin presidential candidate
In 2018, a new struggle appears in Yavlinsky's biography: he again became a presidential candidate, promising to win elections from Putin.
All candidates are eight:
The Soviet and Russian politician, the economist, the leader of the Evalinsky - Boldrev - Lukin, the founder of the public association and the political party "Apple". Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation
Awards
Twice champion of Ukraine on boxing among juniors.
Education
In 1973, he graduated from the Moscow Institute of National Economy. G.V. Plekhanov, General Economic Faculty with a degree in Labor Economics. In 1976 he graduated from graduate school. Since 2005, he has a scientific degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences.
Personal life
Married, has two sons.
Wife - Elena Anatolyevna watching engineer-economist, worked at the Institute of Coal Engineering (Research Institute "Giproogmash") before the reduction in the restructuring period.
The adoptive eldest son from the first marriage of Spouse - Mikhail (born in 1971), graduated from the Physics of Moscow State University in the department of the theoretical physics and specialty "Nuclear Physics", works by a journalist.
Native younger son - Alexey (born in 1981), defended his thesis, works by an explorer engineer to create computer systems.
Childhood and youth
Gregory Alekseevich was born in the family of Alexey Grigorievich Yavlinsky and faith Naumovna Yavlinskaya. Father - Alexey Grigorievich was a leaving from the commune of Anton Semenovich Makarenko in Kharkov. During the Great Patriotic War, there was a commander of the battery of the artillery regiment 333 Guards Mornetral Order of the Martial Red Banner of the Turkestan Division. He fought in the North Caucasus, as part of the 52nd individual seaside army, participated in the Kerch Desantte, freed the Crimea, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia. He graduated from the war with senior lieutenant in the city of High Tatras in Czechoslovakia. After the war, he married and settled in Lviv, where he graduated from absentia the historical faculty of the Lviv Pedagogical Institute and the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He worked in a system of children's correctional labor and educational institutions.
Mother - Vera Naumovna was born in Kharkov. Immediately after the war, her family moved to Lviv from Tashkent, where she lived in evacuation. Faith Naumovna finished with honors from the Chemistry Faculty of Lviv University and the Chemistry was taught in the Forestry Institute.
As a strategy of combating the effects of the economic crisis of 2008, Grigori Alekseevich offered a massive construction of housing, thus, according to him, the problems of unemployment could be resolved simultaneously, and the problems of the lack of their own part of Russia.
In December 2009, Grigori Alekseevich became one of the heads of the Public Council "Boardonization.ru".
In the same month, the Congress of the "Apple" party occurred, at which the project of a member of the Political Committee of the "Apple" Sergey Ivanenko was becoming a lavetled and most nervous issue about banning double membership. The draft decision prohibits consisting simultaneously in the "Apple" party and in other movements and organizations that have a political program.
This resolution (№248) caused a huge resonance in the ranks of the members of the "Apple" and in the spring of next year, 30 members of the St. Petersburg office announced their exit from the party, accusing Yavlinsky, Mitrokhin and Ivanhenko.
In the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the sixth convocation, held on December 4, 2011 "Apple", whose list was headed by Yavlinsky, did not again overcome a five percent barrier. Nevertheless, the party managed to take six mandates in the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg, whose elections were held on the same day. Yavlinsky received the mandate of the deputy of the Legislative Assembly and became the head of the faction.
In his free time, Gregory Alekseevich is engaged in running, sometimes boxes. As well as an active user of the Internet and has its own personal site -
For more than a quarter of a century, the name of Gregory Yavlinsky is standing in one row with the names of Russian politicians taking care of fundamental economic reforms in Russia. Despite the ambiguous attitude of the people, the party of the Yavlinsky "Apple" - is still one of the leading opposition blocks in the country.
Gregory Yavlinsky was born on April 10, 1952 in the city of Lviv Ukrainian SSR. Father of the Future Politics - Alexey Grigorievich Yavlinsky (1917-1981) - Life has lived interesting, saturated with events. Remaining orphans in early childhood, Alexey Serevorovnichal. In 1930, the teenager got into the Kharkiv commune under the leadership. After her end, went to learn to flight school. The Great Patriotic War passed, ended in the rank of senior lieutenant in Czechoslovakia. After the war, Alexey Javlinsky graduated from the Lviv Pedagogical Institute and the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He worked as Head of the Children's Colonse Colonse for Striker.
Mom Grigory Yavlinsky - Vera Naumovna (1924-1997). Father Gregory became acquainted with her when he came to visit relatives to Lviv. One month after dating, the couple got married. Vera Naumovna graduated from Lviv University, taught chemistry. Grigory has a younger brother Mikhail. He lives in Lviv, engaged in private entrepreneurship.
The Yavlinsky family lived very well. But, according to Gregory Alekseevich, money for summer vacation and children's education, parents did not regret. Gregory adored read, played the piano. Seriously engaged in boxing - twice became champion among juniors of Ukraine. From early childhood, the future politician has been for foreign languages. A neighbor was engaged in a small English language. He studied at school number 3 of the city of Lviv.
A few years before graduation, the evening training was transferred. He worked on the post office, a plant of glassborn, leather factory. After graduating from school in 1969, Yavlinsky went to Moscow and entered the Institute of National Economy. Plekhanov at the Faculty of General Economy.
Politics
In 1973, Grigory Yavlinsky with a red diploma graduated from the institute, in 1976 - graduate school. After graduating from graduate school, the directories and job descriptions in VNIiUugol were made. In 1978 he defended his dissertation. In 1980, Grigory Yavlinsky became the Deputy Head of the Department of Research Institute, and then the head of the State Protection Department. At that time, the first unwashed friction of the young economist with the authorities began.
The Trud Committee led by Yuri Batalin did not like the work of the Javalus "Improvement of the Economic Mechanism in the USSR" (1985), which prevents the imminine economic crisis in the USSR. Printed 600 copies of labor were withdrawn, and Yavlinsky became a frequent guest at interrogations in the KGB. The story ended with a long stay of Yavlinsky in a closed sanatorium for patients with tuberculosis. We released it only after coming to power.
In the summer of 1989, the former institute teacher of Yavlinsky and the former Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Leonid Abalkin appointed Gregory Alekseevich the head of the Consumer Economic Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On July 14, 1990, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR approved the Yavlinsky Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. At the same time, he headed the State Commission on Economics Reform.
The reform was concluded in the action of a program called "500 days" created by Yavlinsky together with and Alexey Mikhailov. She concluded in the translation of the Union Economy on the market conditions, the introduction of private ownership, strengthening the small business sector. On September 1, 1990, the program "500 days" was announced before the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.
After the proposal of Gorbachev, combine the project "500 days" with alternative "main directions of development", created on request (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR), Yavlinsky resigned. In October 1990, Grigori Alekseevich opened the Center for Political and Economic Research. From October to December 1991, Yavlinsky - a member of the Political Advisory Committee under the President of the USSR.
In December 2002, the "Apple" party lost elections to the State Duma. And in March 2004, by the decision of the Presidium of the "Apple", Yavlinsky refused to nominate his candidacy in the presidential election in Russia, calling the struggle inequity. In June 2008, he also refused to participate in reissibration to the post of the leader of the Apple. Practically stopped political activities, became a teacher at the Higher School of Economics.
In December 2011, the Congress of "Apple" nominated Grigory Yavlinsky to candidates for the president of Russia in 2012. The CEC refused Gregory Alekseevich at registration. The motive was the missing number of votes votes, but Yavlinsky called the decision of the CEC political.
Personal life
Grigory Yavlinsky is married. Spouse - Elena Anatolyevna, Economist Engineer. A couple of two sons. Jr., Alexey, was born in 1981. He graduated from a private school and an open university in London. Works in England Engineer-researcher on creating computer systems.
Senior - Mikhail, Son of Spouse from the first marriage, was born in 1971. He graduated from the Physician MSU in the specialty "Nuclear Physics", works by a journalist. After the abduction of Michael and political threats, Gregory Alekseevich in 1994, the family insisted on the crossing of a young man in England.
Grigory Yavlinsky now
The name of Yavlinsky regularly appears in the press. With the name of a policy, like any public person, a lot of scandalous publications are associated with the topics: "True name", "Nationality" and others. Grigory Alekseevich even filed a lawsuit on the Court on the TV journalist and the TV channel "M1" on the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation And won the process.
He made a sharp criticism of the Russian government in foreign policy. The statement of Yavlinsky about the Crimea and Ukraine caused a great resonance in the press.:
"... The Annexia of the Crimea also occurred under the furiousness ... they want this (Ukraine) to be a failed state so that it was the outskirts and appendages of Russia"
On March 4, 2016, Yavlinsky announced participation in the presidential election of Russia 2018. The start of the presidential campaign politician marked the statement:
"I will win the election from Putin and return the Crimea."
The latest initiative Gregory Alekseevich became the action "Time to return home", which started on June 19, 2017. The goal is to collect signatures in favor of the exit of Russia from military conflicts. The program of the presidential candidate, statements, biography, photos are regularly updated on the official website of Grigory Yavlinsky.
The slogan policy: "To behave like a superpower, it is necessary to be it. And this is impossible with such an economy, what we have today. "
A family
Father: Alexey Grigorievich Yavlinsky (1919 (?) - 1981), the exact date of birth is unknown, during the civil war, lost parents, in the 1930s, was brought up in Anton Semenovich Makarenko's Commune-colonies in Kharkov. After the end of the colony entered flight school, and then served in the army in Andijan. Member of the Great Patriotic War. He graduated from the war with senior lieutenant in the city of High Tatras (Czechoslovakia). After the wedding in 1947, Yavlinsky lived in Lviv. Alexey Yavlinsky has been working in the system of children's correctional labor and educational institutions since 1949. In 1961, he was appointed director of the distributor colongen for street.
Mother: Vera Naumovna - Born in 1924 in Kharkov. Immediately after the war, she moved with his family to Lviv from Tashkent, where the family lived in evacuation. He graduated with honors from the Chemistry Faculty of Lviv University. Taught chemistry at the Institute.
In 1952, the son of Grigory was born in Yavlinski, and in 1957 he was his brother Mikhail (born in 1957), which now lives in Lviv and is engaged in small business.
Yavlinsky is married, has two sons.
Wife - Elena Anatolyevna (nee Watching), Engineer-economist, worked at the Institute of Coal Engineering (Research Institute "Giproogmash") to "Perestroika" cuts.
Native younger son Alexei (Born in 1981), defended his thesis, works as an explorer engineer to create computer systems.
Reception Senior Son from the first marriage spouse, Michael (Born in 1971), graduated from the Physics of Moscow State University in the Department of Theoretical Physics and the specialty "Nuclear Physics", works by a journalist.
Biography
In the first class, Yavlinsky went to the third school of Lviv, and later passed into one of the special schools. Gregory managed to most objects (for example, he spoke English freely to the eighth grade).
In School, Yavlinsky met the work of the English musical group The Beatles, became a fanatical fan and even reflected long hair.
Twice became the champion of Ukraine on boxing among juniors in 1967 and in 1968, but after the coach offered him to choose between the box and the "everyone else" from Sport Yavlinsky gone.
In 1968-1969, Yavlinsky left the school (entered the evening school) and decided to work: he became a freight forwarder at Lviv Post Office, on a haberdashery factory, then - electrician on the Lviv glass firm "Raduga", where he entered the brigade by adjusting glass equipment . Despite the difficult working conditions (workers worked next to red-hot furnaces), Yavlinsky was able to prove himself well and was adopted by other workers who initially tearned over the younger in the brigade.
In 1969 he entered the Moscow Institute of National Economy by N. Plakhanov (Minh) at the Faculty of Labor Economy. During his studies with friends, they produced their own Samizdatovskaya newspaper "We". "As for our samizdat, then they did not put at all," he recalled later a classmate Yavlinsky Dmitry Kalyuzhny. However, under the threat of departure from the institute, he was not at all for the Samizdat press, but for a quarrel with a compusor. The quarrel turned into a scandal, but the future policy was saved by classmates and friends: instead of excluding the Komsomol Assembly recommended accepting it to the party.
In 1973 he graduated from the institute, and in 1976 - graduate school minh. Among his teachers was Academician Leonid Abalkin. Doctor of Economic Sciences.
In 1978 he defended his dissertation on the topic "Improving the division of labor of the chemical industry."
From 1976 to 1977 he worked as a senior engineer of the All-Union Research Institute for the Office of the Coal Industry, from 1977 to 1980 there is also a senior researcher.
He was engaged in the rationing of the labor of employees and engineers of the mines, he worked in Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, developed a special qualification guide used in the coal industry. Once he fell into a production accident at the mine, after which he was in the hospital (some of the victims of the victims did not manage to save in that accident).
From 1980 to 1984, he worked as the Head of the Sector of the Research Institute of Labor of the State Committee on Labor and Social Affairs (State Committee), since 1984 - Deputy Head of the Department and Head of the State Protection Department.
In 1982-1985, it was imposed by implicit political persecution for writing the work "Problems of improving the economic mechanism in the USSR", in which predicted the offensive of the economic crisis. In Yavlinsky, the text and draft books were withdrawn and several times were called for an interview to the Special Department of the Institute. With this, he binds an attempt to force it "from tuberculosis" in 1984-1985. Yavlinsky claims that with difficulty escaped the operation to remove the lung and was discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of "absolutely healthy" after coming to power.
In 1986, together with colleagues in the StateTell, he wrote his draft law on the state enterprise, which was rejected by leaving the preparation of the law Nikolai Talyzin (Chairman of the USSR, Chairman of the USSR) and Heydar Aliyev (1st Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR) as too liberal.
On February 21, 2005, in the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI), he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of the socio-economic system of Russia and the problem of its upgrades.
The author of more than sixty books and scientific publications. Last: REALECONOMIK: THE HIDDEN CAUSE OF THE GREAT RESISION (AND HOW TO AVERT THE NEXT ONE). Yale University Press, 2011. And also: "Analysis of the economy of the USSR" (1982), "The Grand Bargain" (1991), "Lessons of Economic Reform" (1994), "Russian Economics: Inheritance and Opportunities" (1995), "RUSSIA "S Phony Capitalism" (1998), "Incentives and Institutions: The Transition to A Market Economy in Russia" (Princeton University Press, 2000), "Demodernization" (2002), "Peripheral Capitalism" (2003), "Prospects of Russia" (2006) and others.
Politics
Yavlinsky was a member of the CPSU from 1985 to 1991.
In the summer of 1989, Abalkin, becoming the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, invited Javlinsky to the position of head of the department and at the same time secretary of the State Commission of the USSR Council of Ministers for Economic Reform (Commission Abalkin).
In the spring of 1990, Yavlinsky together with young economists Alexey Mikhailov and Mikhail Zadornov Posted a project to reform the economy by transferring it to market rails entitled "400 days".
The program was sent to the members of the government and leading economists and, without specifying the authorship, proposed to implement Mikhail Bocharov, running on the post of Prime Minister of the RSFSR (thanks to which many have the impression that it is the author of the program). After clarifying relations in the sidelines of the Congress of People's Deputies, the RSFSR Bocharov recognized the authorship of Javlinsky, who after conversation with Boris Yeltsin He received on July 16, 1990 Post Chairman of the State Commission of the RSFSR on Economic Reform and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthis program (already called "500 days") Yeltsin proposed for the joint implementation of Gorbachev. On their initiative, at the end of July 1990 was created under the guidance of academician Stanislav Shatalina The working group, which was entrusted to develop a unified Allied transition program to a market economy based on "500 days". Deputy Shatalina was appointed Nikolai Petrakov.
Work on the program, the main author of the program was Yavlinsky, lasted 27 days, and its idea led to the temporary political rapprochement of the leadership of the USSR and the RSFSR. The program provided for the contract of sovereign republics on the economic alliance, the resolution of all types of ownership, the beginning of the privatization of state-owned enterprises. To reduce the budget deficit, it was proposed to cut the assistance to developing countries, reduce the costs of the army and the state apparatus, the monetary reform was not envisaged.
The program received support for all 15 republics, but met the resistance from the USSR Council, headed by and in October 1990, the Supreme Council of the USSR is practically rejected.
In the Supreme Council, the USSR Gorbachev made an association of Javaline-Shatalin programs and an alternative program of Abalkin-Ryzhkov, which, according to both parties, was impossible.
When it became clear that the USSR government does not intend to exercise the program "500 days", Yeltsin said that Russia is taken to hold one, without the rest of the Union republics, which was a purely political step, since the program designed for the Union could not be carried out only in one of them.
On October 17, 1990, Yavlinsky resigned from the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia. Subsequently, he emphasized that the implementation of "500 days" would preserve the Union State.
In January 1991, he was appointed Economic Advisor to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR (on a voluntary basis). At the same time, he was headed by the Interrepublician Center for Economic and Political Studies (Epicenter).
Provocosed to the assistance of specialists from Harvard University (USA) developed with the assistance of specialists from Harvard University - "Consent to Chance", which contributed a significant role in a change in the Soviet economy was to play assistance from developed countries.
In the spring of 1991, he was appointed a member of the Supreme Economic Council of Kazakhstan - the Advisory Authority under the President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
During the attempt of the state coup in August 1991, he was in the White House, August 20, 1991 came out of the CPSU.
On August 22, 1991, together with the heads of law enforcement agencies, traveled (as a "public understanding"), arrest the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Boris Pugo (to their arrival, the Pugo and his wife committed suicide).
August 28, 1991 he became a deputy Ivan Silayova At the post of Chairman of the Committee on Operational Directorate Management of the USSR, responsible for economic reform. In this post, he made a sensational statement about the size of the Golden Stock of the USSR, which was extremely small. In connection with the dissolution of the USSR, the Committee at the end of 1991 ceased to work.
From October to December 1991, he was a member of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the USSR. He also entered the Working Group on the preparation of an agreement on economic cooperation between the republics of the USSR. Sharply criticized the deavavivation by the Government of Russia Signatures of the Minister of Economy of the RSFSR Evgenia Saburov Under the agreement on the interstate economic community.
From June 1 to September 1, 1992, the epicenter of Yavlinsky under an agreement with the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region has worked out a regional reform program. The main measures to stabilize the economy were the issue of bonds of the regional loan, which was supposed to solve the problem of lack of cash, the release of manufacturers from non-production costs, as well as the introduction of the information system for the operational tracking of social indicators. Yavlinsky believes that as a result of a three-month work, he managed to create a basis for the formation of a market infrastructure and make a number of proposals relating to "new federalism" in Russia ("to look for solutions not from top to bottom, and from the bottom up"). The results of the experiment are described in the "Nizhny Novgorod Prolog" released "epicenter" (1993).
Nizhny Novgorod experience Javlinsky tried to apply in Novosibirsk, where in October 1992 he became an economic consultant of the regional administration, and St. Petersburg, where the mayor Anatoly Sobchak invited it to develop a urban privatization model.
Entered the Public Council on Foreign and Defense Policy (Swip) established on June 22, 1992 ( Sergey Karaganov - the initiator of the creation and leader of the Swip, Sergey Stankevich, Evgeny Ambartsumov, Arakdie Volsky and others).
In November 1992, at the International Seminar, "doing business with Russia" delivered a program statement, which argued that the policy of financial stabilization of the government Egor Gaidara It fell, and there is neither political or economic prerequisites for her ("it is impossible to stabilize the currency of which there is no"), indicated the need to maximize trade simplification between the former allied republics and the transition to systemic transformations (land reform and privatization). This statement was regarded as a "soft beginning of the election campaign."
In an interview with the newspaper "Russian Thought" said that, in the case of his election by the president, in his team I would like to see Yuri Boldyrez, Konstantin Zatulina ("They will work").
After the bloody riots during the demonstration on May 1, 1993, in Moscow, he demanded the punishment of their culprits from the authorities.
In September 1993, about the Decree of Yeltsin on the dissolution of the parliament and the response attempts of the Supreme Council (Sun), he stated Yeltsin from power at the first moment that "the presidential decisions are definitely illegal, but the actions of the All-Stepitna", offering the conflicting parties "mutual refusal to Steps taken on September 21 and 22 "and" Appointment of the date of the simultaneous early election of the President and Parliament "at the beginning of 1994 (i.e., a compromise program similar to the" zero option "of the Chairman of the Constitutional Court Valery Zorkina).
September 25, 1993 signed a "program 14" ( Alexander Vladislavlev, Sergey Glazov, Anatoly Denisov, Igor Klochekov, Vasily Lipitsky, Nikolay Ryzhkov, Vasily Tretyakov, Nikolai Fedorov, Egor Yakovlev et al.) In which the simultaneous early election elections of parliament and the president on the basis of a modified "zero option": solutions of all authorities from September 21, "affecting constitutional issues" are suspended, and the activities of the Supreme Council and its commissions are reduced to new elections to the control functions and consideration of the legislative initiatives of the government.
On September 28, 1993, at a press conference, he said that the compromise "in Zorkina" was already unreal, and that, in his opinion, from parliament should be made the mainly passing of firearms, and from the presidential team - simultaneous elections with their transfer from December to February March 1994. Visited the White House with intermediary mission.
After the events of October 3, 1993, when supporters of Parliament seized the Mayor and stormed "Ostankino", demanded a decisive suppression of the insurrection by military force.
In October 1993, created his own electoral association "Block" Yavlinsky-Boldrev-Lukin "(Apple), which includes the Russian ambassador to the United States Vladimir Lukin, former head of the control department of the Administration of the President of Russia, Y. Bldirev, Nikolai Petrakov, a number of employees of the Epicenter, as well as representatives of the Republican Party of the Russian Federation (RPRF), the Social Democratic Party of the Russian Federation (SDPR) and the Party of the Russian Christian Democratic Union - New Democracy (RCDS-ND) (Parties have become formal block founders).
On December 12, 1993, he was elected a deputy of the State Duma on the list of "Apple". He was the chairman of the Apple faction in the State Duma of the First convocation and a member of the Council of the Duma.
At the end of 1994, he condemned the beginning of hostilities in Chechnya. I went to Chechnya to liberate the captured by the troops of Johahar Dudayev of Russian prisoners of war (the trip was crowned with partial success).
In the elections to the 1995 state Duma, Yavlinsky headed the list of electoral association "Apple", which received 4th place (6.89% - 4,767,384 votes).
On February 9, 1996, the Central Election Commission registered authorized representatives of the Union of Yabloko, who nominated the candidacy of Yavlinsky as president of the Russian Federation.
In the first round of the presidential election, on June 16, 1996, received 5,550,710 votes, or 7.41% (fourth place after Yeltsin, Gennady Zyuganov and Alexander Lebed). On the eve of the second round, did not call for Zyuganov, but with direct recommendation to his supporters to vote for Yeltsin - which Yeltsinists were expected from him - he did not speak.
In April 1997, opposed the signing of the contract between Belarus and Russia.
Regarding the unification of Belarus and Russia, Yavlinsky stated that the time for the merger had not yet come, and if the union was held on the basis of an existing contract, the idea would simply be discredited and this would only make the economic and political situation in both countries.
On May 6, 1997, at a meeting with the students of Moscow State University, he stated that it was necessary to amend the Constitution that would deprive the right of the President to issue secret decrees, as well as to intervene by the publication of decrees into economic policies. At the same time, Yavlinsky stressed that all restrictions should not concern the current president, since otherwise attempts to change the Constitution will be perceived as an attempt on the authority of Elaqin personally. At the same meeting, Yuri Luzhkov called "a very capable person and very capable politician", and Anatoly Chubais - "One of the main architects of the system in which everyone steal".
In 1998, he entered the leadership of the Mode against Drugs.
In September 1998, the first was offered a candidacy for the post of Prime Minister Evgenia Primakova. After approval by Primakov in this post, the State Duma, rejected the proposal to enter the government as a vice-premier on social issues.
In September 1999, Yavlinsky was headed by the Obligaral List of the Electoral Association "Apple" in the elections in the Duma of the third convocation.
On December 19, 1999, he was elected a deputy of the State Duma ("Apple" received 6th place in elections - 3.955.457 votes, 5.93%). Recommended the Duma fraction "Apple".
On January 15, 2000, the Central Council of "Apple" decided to nominate the Yavlin candidate for the post of President of Russia an initiative group of citizens (but formally not from the "apple" - in order not to convene an expensive congress, and also that the nomination was not narrow-statement).
On January 18, 2000, the first meeting of the State Duma of the third convocation Fraction "Apple" refused all posts in the Duma in protest against the "CORRECA" with the Communists of the Communists of the Regresident fraction "Unity", which was the result of the election of Gennady Seleznev Chairman of the Duma and the partition of most Duma committees between " Unity ", Communist Party and their satellite groups (" People's Deputy "and" Agro-industrial ").
On January 19, 2000, he was put forward by the presidential candidate by the initiative group of citizens led by Sergey Kovalev. February 19 was registered by the Central Election Committee.
On March 26, 2000, 47,351,452 votes were received in the presidential election (5.80% - 3rd place after Putin and Zyuganov).
Since the fall of 2000, the co-chairman of the Russian Public Council for Education Development (ROS).
In January 2001, he made a speech at the All-Russian congress "in protecting human rights." In particular, said:
"For ten years, our country has survived two wars, one of which continues. Two defaults, one of them is grandiose, in 1998. Hyperinflation in 1992, which destroyed all the material capabilities of our fellow citizens. In 1993, we encountered the beginning of the civil war. Energy accumulated during this time begins to go to New Quality - our country has ceased to consider its dead. We now do not pay attention to how much people die every day and in hot spots, and by many other, completely unexplained in terms of logic, right and Constitution, grounds. A country that does not consider its dead, goes on a very dangerous path - it becomes all the same. This is exactly what is necessary for the biggest political adventure ".
In February 2001, in the interview, he said that in Russia "a corporate police state is created ... Putin does everything consciously and purposefully ... He is perfect in all awareness."
At the same time, analyzing the annual activity of the new government, said that Russia risks becoming "not a strong, and the naked state", if the government does not refuse the desire to build a "corporate, bureaucratic, police" state with the "full domination of an official over a citizen" in the country.
On April 3, 2001, the program "Results" spoke out against new personnel appointments in the company NTV, and on April 4, 2001 he proposed the State Duma of the Russian Federation to consider the draft resolution in support of NTV. The State Duma did not support the initiative of Yavlinsky.
In April 2001, he made an initiative to create a democratic meeting - a broad coalition of democratic forces, the structure of which would exclude the dominance of individual politicians or parties.
On June 19, 2001, the first All-Russian Democratic Meeting, convened on the initiative of Yavlinsky. The meeting was attended by 22 political and civil organizations.
In September 2001, Yavlinsky was accused of the former chairman of the Moscow youth "apple" Andrei Sharhomov and Vyacheslav Perericov In authoritarianism and inciting intrapartic disassembly "In the spirit of Stalinism." In response, she stated that, probably, sharpets and toys simply implement a plan for the collapse of the "apple".
September 18, 2001, a week after the largest terrorist attacks in the United States, said that Russia should actively participate in international anti-terrorism operations.
On October 14, 2001, he was elected chairman of the Regional Party "Apple" of the city of Moscow (RPMM) (instead of Vernon). He stated that he was forced to take the temporary management of the organization in order to withdraw her from the crisis and will stay as chairman of the RPMA for several months.
On December 22-23, 2001, a congress was held, on which the "apple" was transformed into a political party. During the secret ballot on the night of December 23, Yavlinsky was again elected the leader of the Apple. For his candidacy voted 472 delegates, against - 33. There were no abstained. Alternative candidates have not been put forward.
In April 2002, speaking at the conference "Vectors of the Development of Modern Russia," said that the "corporate bureaucratic system" developed in Russia and there was a "transition to the police state", and accused the Kremlin in the implementation of censorship on television.
On June 5, 2002, the Kuntsevsky Court of the capital partially satisfied the lawsuit of the President of Bashkiria Murthaz Rakhimov On the protection of honor and dignity to Yavlinsky. The court ordered the defendant to pay the plaintiff in the compensation of 20 thousand rubles. In the early 1999 campaign in the village of 1999, apple activists distributed election leaflets in Bashkiria, which contained calls to vote for supporters of Yavlinsky and criticism to local authorities. In particular, the current republican leadership was called "a feudal regime, knocking out of the Republic of Oil, gas, minerals." Messages voters were signed by Yavlinsky.
October 23, 2002 for about 21 hours in Moscow in the theater building at ul. Melnikova, 17, where the Musical "Nord-Ost" was walking, a group of 40 armed Chechens (including women) burst and took all the audience and actors in hostages. Total about 800 people. In the morning of the next day, terrorists demanded to themselves to negotiate Yavlinsky and Irina Khakamad. At this time, Yavlinsky was located in Tomsk at the funeral of the tragically deceased leader of the regional branch of the "Apple" Oleg Pletnev. He urgently flew to Moscow and late in the evening he held talks with terrorists. There was nothing about their results.
October 29, 2002 was invited to a meeting with the president in the Kremlin. Putin thanked him "For participation in the work on the release of hostages": "You are one of those who participated, played a very positive role and, unlike others, did not make himself from this PR."
On November 1, 2002, the State Duma refused to include on the agenda of the plenary meeting the draft resolution on the need for a parliamentary investigation of the circumstances of the seizure and liberation of hostages in Moscow proposed by the Apple faction. Yavlinsky declared that this happened as a result of the actions of the ATP faction.
"First, the State Duma is afraid of freedom of speech, it is afraid to provide the tribune to independent deputies and uses the Duma apparatus, which by travelers and fraud does not allow consideration of the decision. Second, in this unclean game ATP is participating. Their ruling project is left on the agenda."
According to Javlinsky, the draft ATP is written in favor of the presidential administration, because all the fault shifts on Moscow doctors. "But the decisions were taken above doctors."
On December 23, 2002, a press conference called politicians who, in his opinion, there is no place in a single coalition of democratic forces. "These are members of the ATP - people with whom we cannot cooperate on fundamental considerations - such as Anatoly Chubais and Sergey Kiriyenko". Stated that for" apple "" is quite acceptable to cooperation with Irina Khakamadoy And - largely - with Boris Nemtsov. "
According to Yavlinsky, the confidence in the unification of the Democrats will be negligible if those who supported the war in Chechnya stand at the head of the coalition, carried out criminal privatization, built state financial pyramids and conducted mercenary defaults.
In January 2003, ATP leaders through representatives of large Russian business offered Yavlinsky a compromise version of the interaction of two parties. This option provided for the formation of a single party list, the first three of which would be headed by Nemtsov, Yavlinsky and Khakamada. At the same time, Yavlinsky in the presidential election would have nominated a single candidate from democratic forces.
On January 29, 2003, Javaline's meeting was held with Nemtsov, on which they had to discuss joint actions at the 2003 parliamentary elections. However, on January 28, the ATP received a letter from the Yavlinsky and his deputy Sergey IvanhenkoIn which they refused to meet: "Due to the fact that in numerous printed and electronic media, your suggestions have already been detailed and we were able to familiarize themselves with them, the meeting scheduled for your initiative has lost meaning."
On April 27, 2003, at a meeting of the Bureau of the Federal Council "Apple", the Bureau signed by Yavlinsky was adopted, which said that the Party Fractions in the State Duma would initiate the formulation of the resignation of the Government: "The Bureau of the FS" Apple "believes that the Russian government does not cope With the responsibilities assigned to him, demonstrates complete incapacity ... to ensure the safety of the country and its citizens, curb crime; failure of the most important economic reforms ...; antisocial policies; protection of interests of large monopolies and oligarchic structures. " In addition, the "apple" replied the office in the "actual refusal of military reform" and "inability to conduct administrative reform."
In May 2003, the former companion Yavlinsky spoke as follows his former partnerukoditel:
"He is a carrier of mythological consciousness. At meetings with people, Yavlinsky tells how well the" apple "will be in power. Mythological consciousness does not solve existing problems, but to leave them. He preaches genuinely, convincingly, but these are myths that Served so talented and skillfully, that part of the voters believes ".
On June 18, 2003, speaking in the State Duma when discussing the issue initiated by the "apple" and the communists, the issue of distrust to the Government, Yavlinsky called on the deputies "not to remain the Technical Duma with the Technical Government" and said that the Apple fraction would vote for the resignation of the Cabinet of Ministers. DG did not support the proposal for the resignation of the government.
In July 2003, the Cheryomshkinsky Court of Moscow awarded the Yavlinsky victory in litigation with a journalist Alexander Gordonon and Channel M1. Yavlinsky filed a lawsuit on the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation, and the court declared inappropriate reality that are disliked the honor, dignity and business reputation as the approval of Gordon that the USSR ceased to exist, among other things, due to the activities of the head of the Apple. And also that the election campaign of Yavlinsky, who claimed the presidency, was financed from the United States. In addition, Gordon called the Yavlinsky Mtzomp. By the court decision, Gordon was supposed to pay 15 thousand rubles to Yavlinsky as compensation for moral damage.
On July 31, 2003, an interregional public movement "Apple without Yavlinsky" was established. The purpose of the founders is to pay attention to the difficult situation in which the party was due to the policy of her leader. Leader of Movement Igor Morozov So explained the goal of the initiative:
"We have always supported the party" Apple ". We voted for her in the elections to the State Duma and in 1995, and in 1999. The main party for us was always the loyalty of the party to democratic ideals and its independence from any power: from the state and from large capital. . Previously, we believed that in the Duma there are at least one party, which is distinguished by genuine intelligence and honesty towards voters. We do not like weakness, powerfulness and populism of Yavlinsky. It repels voters from the "apple". The party may not overcome the barrier in 5 % of votes in the elections in the State Duma. This is also said about the polls of public opinion. And after the failure of the election, the party will disappear at all as political power. It hurts us that at the moment you have to affect the party associated with populism, destructiveness and irresponsibility ".
Sergey Mitrokhin called the Establishment of the Movement "Banal Share" Black Piara ". He also said that it was inclined to assume that" the Customer of the event is personally Anatoly Chubais and RAO UES, but they are engaged in the Lord Gosman and Trapeznikov. "
On September 6, 2003, at the congress of the party "Apple", Yavlinsky stated: "The candidate from Apple will participate in the elections of the President of Russia in 2004.
In September 2003, Yavlinsky was included in the Obligaral List of the Electoral Association "Apple" under No. 1 in the central part of the list to participate in the elections to the State Duma of the Fourth Conversion.
In September 2003, Yavlinsky declared that the "Apple" will present its alternative draft federal budget for 2004, where social policy will speak as a priority.
On September 29, 2003, a complaint of "apple" was satisfied at the meeting of the Central Election Commission on the actions of the "Apple without Yavlinsky". The CEC made a decision to contact the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor General's Office "with a proposal to curb the unlawful activity."
On December 7, 2003, in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation, the fourth convocation of the "Apple" party gained, according to official data, 4.3% (6th place after the 5th party in the Duma), not overcoming, so the 5 percent barrier. According to other data, the "apple" actually overcame the barrier, but his (also like other parties) the official percentage declined due to a significant supply of votes to the list of United Russia.
On December 9, 2003, Apple began talks on creating a coalition with ATP and other parties. According to Sergey Ivanenko, the head of the election campaign "Apple", it was about the nomination of a single candidate in the presidential election.
"Apple" puts the task of creating a serious, big party over the next four years, which will really unite the democratic opposition ".
At the congress, it was decided not to nominate your candidate in the presidential election on March 14, 2004. Commenting on this decisions, Yavlinsky said: "We would put forward our candidate if they considered politically opportunities in the elections. Free, equal politically competitive elections in Russia are impossible."
On March 29, 2004, NTV television company reported that Yavlinsky could be appointed by the authorized representative of Russia in the European Union. The leadership of the "Apple" party confirmed this information.
In June 2004, Yavlinsky left the post of leader of the Moscow branch of the "Apple", which occupied for two years, combining him with the post of Chairman of the Party. (Mitrokhin was elected the new chairman of the Moscow branch of the party).
July 3-4, 2004 At the congress of the Apple party, Yavlinsky was again elected chairman of the party (190 votes for "for" from 252 delegates of the congress; an alternative challenger is the then head of the Sverdlovsk Regional Organization "Apple" Yuri Kuznetsov Got 59 votes.
In October 2004, Yavlinsky was awarded the International Prize "For Freedom". The prize is awarded since 1985 for consistent advocacy of the principles of democracy and human rights; The parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe is nominated for the awards faction "Liberals, Democrats and Reformers".
December 12, 2004, speaking at the Congress "Russia for democracy, against dictatorship," said that all democratic forces could unite around his party. "To overcome helplessness and pseudomocratic, it is necessary to combine democratic forces, and the" apple "offers its batch as a basis for such an association."
On July 2, 2005, Yavlinsky rejected the possibility of uniting with ATP, because, in his opinion, this party is non-democratic and is associated with power.
On September 10, 2005, the Moscow branch of the ATP decided to turn to the "apple" with a proposal to go to the election in the Moscow City Duma on December 4, 2005 by the one with a brand "Apple" (election blocks by this time were prohibited), but with the condition that two places in the first Troika List to get enough ATP.
On September 23, 2005, Yavlinsky said: "We agree on a compromise solution: first place in the communion-democratic list .. It will take a representative of the ATP, a deputy of the Moscow City Duma Dmitry Kataev. At the same time, the central part of the list is reduced to two people and the second position will be given to the Moscow City Duma deputy from the" Apple " Evgeny Buynovich. "
On September 25, 2005, the leader of the ATP Nikita Belykh and Yavlinsky reported that the list would head not Katas, and the deputy of the Moscow City Duma Ivan Novitsky.
On November 10, 2005, Yavlinsky and Belykh spread a special appeal, in which they called on their supporters to come to the elections and vote for the list of "Apple-United Democrats".
On December 4, 2005, in the elections to the Moscow City Duma, the "Apple - United Democrats" list scored 11.11% (third place).
December 12, 2005, speaking at the All-Russian Civil Congress. Yavlinsky suggested a program action - the concept of a new public contract. According to him, the basis of the contract - "overcoming the alienation between the authorities and society, the cancellation of all non-shared decisions, as well as the solution of the property problem": "Russia's fate is not solved outside, but through a new public contract. LANDENTINGATION AND DEBOLSHEST WEEK."
On November 14, 2006, a party-signed party statement was published, which said that the "Apple" considers the abolition of the threshold of the turnout in the elections of all levels proposed by the United Russia, "the next step to transform elections to the farce". This proposal "directly leads to the elimination of the Institute of Real Elections in Russia and its replacement imitation."
On June 21-22, 2008, at the XV Congress of "Apple", he proposed to elect the new Chairman of the Party of Sergey Mitrohin, which was fulfilled (the congress itself elected a member of the Political Committee).
On February 28, 2009, by decision number 10, the Evallin's Power Committee "Apple" was adopted proposed by Yavlinsky concept of exiting the crisis and high-quality economic growth of "Earth-House-Road". The "Earth-House Road" program was transferred to the head of the government to Vladimir Putin and President Dmitry Medvedev, but there was no action for its implementation.
On the night of September 10-11, 2011, at the XVI Congress of "Apple" it was decided that the electoral list of the parties in the elections to the State Duma on December 4, 2011 will be headed by Grigory Yavlinsky.
On December 4, 2011, the official results of the voting party did not overcome the five percent barrier and places in parliament did not receive. Nevertheless, gained more than in previous elections, receiving 3.43%, which guaranteed the party to public funding. "Applet" also managed to hold their deputies in three regions, including in the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg: the party received 12.5% \u200b\u200bof the vote and 6 mandates. Yavlinsky, who also headed the party list in these elections, agreed to lead the Apple faction in St. Petersburg. He received a deputy mandate on December 14, 2011.
On December 19, 2011, the Congress of the "Apple" party nominated the Presidential Candidate for the post of President of Russia in the elections, which were appointed on March 4, 2012.
On January 18, 2012, he handed over two million voter signatures to participate in elections to the CEC. The CEC after testing the signatures refused to Yavlinsky in registration by a candidate, rejuvenated by 23% of the signatures submitted.
On February 8, 2012, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation reviewed the complaint of Yavlinsky on the decision of the CEC, but recognized the refusal to register legal. Yavlinsky himself commented on the removal of his candidacy from political motives.
In December 2011 - March 2012, Yavlinsky actively supported the protests against falsifications in the elections that have passed in Russia repeatedly performed on rallies "for fair elections" in Moscow.
In early 2012, he suffered a serious heart attack, as a result of which the doctors recommended him to adjust a tense schedule and lifestyle.
On March 18, 2012, he was hospitalized to the Moscow Clinic with an attack of angina and therefore missed the opposition rally at Ostankino. March 27 is discharged from the hospital.
On 14 and 15 May 2012, Yavlinsky visited St. Isaac Square in St. Petersburg, where the opposition camp was located.
In June 2015, Grigory Yavlinsky was held for the fourth time at the election presidential campaign as president of the Russian Federation.
In August 2016, the CEC of Russia registered a federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the seventh convocation of the "Apple" party.
The outfield part of the list of the party was headed by the Father-founder of the "Apple" Party of Grigory Yavlinsky. The part-time chairman of the party, the ex-co-chairman of the RPR Parnas, the leader of the Pskov Branch of the Apple, Ex-Chairman of the Party Sergey Mitrokhin, Advisor Yavlinsky, Mark Geikman, deputymen "apple" Nikolay Rybakov and Alexander Nerzdilov, EX- Mayor Petrozavodsk Galina Shirshin and deputy of the State Duma.
Revenues
In 2013, Yavlinsky filed a declaration of income for the previous year in the amount of 7.4 million rubles earned due to scientific activities. His spouse earned 116 rubles for the year.
Rumors (scandals)
In the spring of 1996, when the presidential electoral company began, the son of politics Mikhail Yavlinsky He became a victim of political blackmail. He was abducted by unknown criminals whose personalities were never installed.
Grigory Yavlinsky received a package. The cudded finger of the right hand of the son was wrapped in a note: "You will not leave the politics, cut my son to my son."
Immediately after that, Mikhail was released. Doctors conducted a successful rehabilitation operation. It was after this sons of Grigory Yavlinsky moved to London for security purposes.
May 10, 2004 in TV program Andrei Karaulova The "moment of truth" was shown the plot of oil fields "Sakhalin-1" and "Sakhalin-2", developed by Shell. The plot reported that "As a result of the transfer of these mines of the foreign company, Russia lost at least $ 2.5 billion," in addition, 42 thousand people of Sakhalin froze in their apartments due to the fact that local government can not buy Sakhalin gas from Shell at world prices. "
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