The current geopolitical situation is such that in order to maintain sovereignty and prestige in international relations, the country simply needs modern weapons. This is especially true when it comes to tactical nuclear complexes, which are the last guarantee of peace on the planet. Of course, the main role in deterring a potential adversary belongs to strategic missiles, but even the Iskander missile system is capable of deterring many from rash decisions.
This model of weapons was created for the destruction of invisible targets in marching conditions in the echeloned enemy defense. This is all the more important because the modern strategy of conducting military operations presupposes precisely preventive disarming strikes, which will prevent a potential enemy from using his. In addition, this way it is possible to suppress his missile defense system in a timely manner.
Conditions of creation
It was created in conditions when the USSR and the United States signed an agreement to limit the number of tactical nuclear warheads (INF). It happened in 1987. At the same time, potential adversaries agreed to completely abandon the use of nuclear weapons in the context of future hostilities.
It was because of this that a huge number of requirements were imposed on the new complex: a complete rejection of nuclear submunitions was required, it was necessary to ensure almost jewelry accuracy of shooting, coupled with the maximum possible controllability of the missile. In addition, the specialists were required to ensure the greatest possible degree of automation of both the flight of the rocket and its launch.
Not least because of this, the Iskander missile system in Kaliningrad created a real sensation in the ranks of the Baltic politicians, who, in panic, began to repeat about a new threat hanging over their sovereignty.
The role of satellite navigation systems
The main requirement, which corresponds to the realities of our time, was the ability to use data received from satellite positioning systems ("Glonass", NAVSTAR). The new complex required the ability to hit even moving armored targets with high efficiency, to have the highest rate of fire, and also to overcome the enemy's deeply echeloned missile defense system.
First experience
The finished Iskander missile system was first tested back in 2007. The then prime minister, S. Ivanov, reported to the president that the deviation from the goal did not exceed one meter. These superior performances were fully confirmed after examining data from all visual controls that were used in testing that day.
All this splendor was created at KBM, Kolomna. This design bureau is known all over the world, since it was from here that the Tochka, Strela and Osa complexes, as well as other samples of domestic air defense systems of various generations, began their "career". Other elements were manufactured at the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (launching system), Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (the most important system for automatic targeting of the projectile).
What is it for?
As we have already said, the Iskander missile system was created specifically for precision strikes against targets deeply hidden in the enemy's rear, protected by modern missile defense systems.
The following objects can act as targets:
- Artillery and missile systems of the enemy, large accumulations of armored vehicles.
- Missile defense means.
- Air connections, at the time of basing at airfields.
- All command and communications complexes.
- Large infrastructure facilities, the loss of which will painfully affect the enemy.
- Other important objects in enemy territory.
Since the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system is distinguished by its stealth and a very high speed of preparation for launch, it poses a very serious threat to all potential adversaries.
What is included in Iskander?
The complex includes the following essential elements: a self-propelled unit for it, a vehicle for transporting and loading shells. In addition, there is a separate complex for the repair and maintenance of all equipment, a headquarters and a special machine for analyzing the information received, as well as training tools for personnel.
Characteristics of the rocket used
The tactical missile system "Iskander" we are considering uses a solid-propellant missile with one stage, in which the warhead does not separate during flight. Despite the vigorous maneuvering in flight, the projectile can be controlled by the operator from the command post throughout its entire path. The product is distinguished by its special maneuverability at the start and when approaching the target, when the rocket is under overloads of 30G. Since missile defense systems must fly up to it at a speed twice as high, there are currently no effective means of countering Iskander.
The body of the shells is made according to a special technique that reduces its visibility to the enemy's air defense system. In addition, the rocket makes most of the path, being at an altitude of more than 50 km, which also tenfold reduces the chances of its timely interception. Invisibility for radars is provided by special coatings, the composition of which is classified.
This explains the triumph of the domestic industry when the Iskander was adopted. The missile complex (Kaliningrad and all of them is already equipped) of this type should soon be received by all military formations in the country.
Target aiming principles
The launch of the missile on the target is carried out by the forces of the operators of the complex, after which the most complex homing system comes into play. In-flight equipment scans the terrain, forming its digital model. It is constantly compared with the image reference that was loaded into the rocket's memory before the flight.
The optical homing head is characterized by excellent protection against jamming systems, as well as an excellent ability to recognize targets in almost any conditions. This allows you to hit a moving target (with an error of no more than a couple of meters) on a completely moonless night. Such precision in such conditions cannot be realized by any of the rocket fire systems in service with NATO.
That's why they don't like Iskander there. The missile system in Syria, delivered there in December last year, immediately reduced the intensity of passions and helped the legitimate government to oust anti-popular forces from the country. In addition, the Russian side received valuable information about the combat use of the latest missiles.
"Independent" rocket
Despite the fact that under normal conditions the Iskander missile system can be guided by signals from satellites of global positioning systems, under appropriate conditions its operators can do well without them. Electron-optical guidance systems are so accurate that they can ensure the destruction of targets in almost any given conditions.
By the way, the Iskander's homing system, if necessary, is easily installed even on ballistic nuclear missiles, which makes the prospects of a potential adversary quite gloomy. Because of this, the Russian Iskander missile system has a very sinister reputation in the West, although its characteristics clearly do not match those of an intercontinental nuclear warhead.
Warhead characteristics
The designers have laid down the possibility of using ten different types of ammunition at once. These include those with non-contact detonation elements, combat elements with cumulative action, cluster ammunition with homing elements, as well as simple high-explosive, fragmentation and incendiary varieties. If a missile with homing elements is used, then they will hit multiple targets, bursting at a height of six to ten meters above them.
The projectile itself in a firing position weighs almost four tons, and the weight of the warhead itself is 480 kg. Thus, the Iskander-K missile system is one of the most powerful non-nuclear deterrent weapons used by our army.
Characteristics of other elements
The self-propelled launch vehicle allows you to simultaneously transport up to two missiles, allowing them to be launched at an angle of up to 90 degrees in relation to the terrain. It is located on a wheeled chassis with an 8x8 formula, which can even pass through places where there are no roads at all (MAZ-79306 "Astrologer"). Among other things, this ensures the maximum possible mobility of the complex, even in wartime.
Some characteristics of controls and guidance
The installation can independently determine the coordinates of its location, exchanges information with all Iskander elements, and provides single and salvo missile launches. The time from arrival to the volley is no more than 20 minutes, subject to a prepared calculation, and no more than one minute passes between the starts of the shells. This makes the Iskander missile system, whose performance is already impressive, a very dangerous means of attack.
There is no need to prepare the starting positions. In addition, the crew does not need to leave the cockpit: having received an order, the specialists stop the Iskander in a given square, prepare all the systems and fire a salvo. The only exception is swampy areas, where it is necessary to prepare a more or less stable launch pad. After the launch, the machine moves to pre-assigned positions for reloading.
Thus, Iskander-M is a new generation missile system that provides reliable protection of state sovereignty.
Information about the chassis and other machines
The weight of the chassis is 42 tons, the weight of the transported payload is at least 19 tons, on the highway and country road with a hard surface the speed is 70 (40) km / h. The Iskander gas station alone can drive at least 1000 km. The usual number of the calculation is three people, but in wartime their number can be increased.
The vehicle for transportation and loading is also assembled on the MAZ-79306 chassis ("Astrologer"). Equipped with hydromechanical loading mechanism. The mass is exactly 40 tons, for the service will have to be staffed in the amount of two people.
Headquarters complex
The heart of the whole complex is the command and staff vehicle. It is produced on the basis of KAMAZ vehicles. Information exchange between all elements of the Iskander can be carried out in both conventional and deeply encrypted modes. The speed of information exchange in the latter case does not suffer in any way.
The headquarters complex is equipped with four fully automated places for operators, the maximum data transmission range between vehicles is 350 kilometers for parked vehicles and 50 kilometers in a combat march. The time of continuous operation of all elements of the guidance and control system is about two days.
Mechanical Maintenance Machine
As in the previous case, it is based on the chassis of KamAZ vehicles. Designed to check the condition of missiles both in the launcher itself and in transport containers, it allows you to check and repair all devices and mechanisms of the complex, without resorting to its transportation to the place of permanent deployment. The machine weighs only 13.5 tons, is deployed in less than 20 minutes, the time for checking all systems and mechanisms does not exceed 18 minutes. The complex is served by two people.
In general, the Iskander missile system, the performance characteristics of which we are disclosing, is distinguished by its rare maintainability even in the most extreme conditions.
Point of collection, analysis and preparation of information
This machine is used to collect and analyze information that is intended to be introduced into the on-board computer of missiles. The structure includes two automated workstations for operators who can detect and transmit the coordinates of attacked targets in one or two minutes. It can carry continuous combat duty for 16 hours.
Finally, the life support machine. It can be performed on the chassis of any serially produced truck, serves for rest and eating for up to eight people at the same time.
Key features of the complex
Its main advantage is how and by whom the Iskander-M was created. designed by outstanding designers on the basis of all the data accumulated by the Soviet and Russian army. At the moment, it significantly surpasses not only all previous domestic developments, but also all competing foreign models.
In general, the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system has a number of key features:
- Incredibly accurate engagement of even small and well-protected targets from the air.
- Stealth and rapid deployment make him an extremely dangerous foe.
- The combat mission can be effectively performed even in conditions of active opposition from the enemy.
- Excellent tactical maneuverability and maneuverability, provided by the high performance of the transport chassis.
- The highest degree of automation of all combat processes.
- Long service life and easy even field repair.
In addition, the Iskander operational-tactical missile system fully meets all the requirements imposed by international treaties on the non-proliferation of certain types of weapons. In local conflicts, it can be considered as a deterrent, and for countries with a small territory, it can even be the main type of missile weapon. The structure of the complex assumes the possibility of further modification, which guarantees "Iskander" a long service on guard of state interests.
Other positive points
The control and guidance system is deeply integrated with similar equipment of all similar complexes that are in service with the state. It can receive information not only from a data collection and processing machine, but also from a reconnaissance aircraft, UAV or other equipment. The flight mission is calculated almost instantly. The command for a combat launch can be given not only by the commander of the complex, but also by the high military command from closed positions.
Since one Iskander carries two missiles on board, and not even two minutes pass between their volleys, the power of a division fully equipped with these complexes is comparable to that of a small country. In principle, with the right choice of ammunition, this sample of weapons is quite equivalent to a short-range nuclear weapon.
A modern strike weapons complex capable of using various types of guided missiles with trajectories that impede the operation of missile defense systems.
Iskander is sometimes referred to as the "family of missile systems" due to variety of possible equipment. It was developed by the Kolomna "Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering" according to the terms of reference from the end 1980s , first shown in 1999, put into service in 2006. It is the heir of the Tochka (Tochka) ground forces missile systems ("Tochka-U" ) and "Oka", but significantly surpasses them in characteristics and tactical capabilities.
In 2007 he entered the army. Since 2013, the Iskander purchases will be carried out not in parts, as before, but immediately by brigade sets of equipment. According to the plans of the State Armament Program, until 2020, the ground forces will receive at least 120 complexes (ten brigade kits).
Iskander is mounted on an autonomous self-propelled launcher. Two missiles are placed on a single wheeled chassis in a closed housing. The type of missiles is different, depending on the modification of the complex. Iskander has three of them (in fact, these are separate missile systems): Iskander-M, Iskander-E and Iskander-K.
The Iskander-M self-propelled launcher carries two 9 M723-1 tactical ballistic missiles. Solid fuel engine. The equipment of missiles at the ground forces' complexes is traditionally the most diverse. These are cluster warheads with fragmentation and cumulative elements, including self-aiming ones (they unfold at an altitude of 900-1400 meters and shoot a cloud of submunitions over the target). These are ordinary high-explosive fragmentation warheads. These are high-explosive incendiary parts. These are penetrating warheads for engaging buried targets such as bunkers. And, finally, these are "special" (nuclear) warheads.
According to a number of information, it is possible to equip missiles with correction systems in the final flight segment (radar or optical), which increases its accuracy in the final segment literally to a circle with a radius of 1-2 meters from the aiming point, and also, if necessary, allows you to work autonomously on the target (without participation external target designation and space navigation systems - the use of satellite correction, by the way, is also provided on the rocket). No other operational-tactical missile system in the world has such capabilities.
The firing range is 400-500 km (up to the upper limit, limited by the 1987 treaty on intermediate and shorter-range missiles), the mass of the missile is 3800 kg, of which 480 kg is a warhead.
The fundamental difference between the 9 M723-1 rocket and its predecessors is the so-called "quasi-ballistic" trajectory. The rocket is controlled throughout the flight (and not on the acceleration stage, like a conventional ballistic one) through the use of aero- and gas-dynamic rudders. This not only provides high-precision targeting, but also does not make it possible to "predict" its ballistic trajectory of fall on the radar serifs, which sharply complicates the interception of the missile by tactical missile defense systems.
The export version of Iskander-E is a 9M723E tactical ballistic missile complex with coarse characteristics. In particular, the missile's range is limited to 280 km in accordance with international regimes for controlling the proliferation of missile technologies.
The most interesting is the most secret version of the complex - Iskander-K (tested in May 2007). Here the complex is used as a launch platform for the latest R-500 cruise missiles. In principle, the use of such land-based cruise missiles with a range of more than 500 km is also prohibited by the INF Treaty. So the range of the Iskander in this variant is 500 km.
DATA FOR 2017 (standard replenishment, v. 2)
SPU 9P78-1 with 9M723 ballistic missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the first serial brigade set on the day of the transfer of equipment to the 107th RBR. Kapustin Yar, June 28, 2013 (http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
The composition and staff structure of the Iskander-M complex:
The complex includes:
- SPU 9P78-1 for 2 missiles;
SPU 9P78-1 complex "Iskander-M" at the display of military equipment at the Ural exhibition of arms, Nizhny Tagil, 2000 (http://militaryphotos.net).
SPU 9P78-1 with a layout of the 9M723 rocket. 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 20.10.2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
ТЗМ 9Т250 / 9Т250Э for 2 missiles, equipped with a jib crane; according to some unconfirmed reports, in an extreme situation, the TZM complex can launch missiles - probably, we are talking about launching from some kind of launch pad in the back of the TZM.
Chassis - MZKT-7930
Calculation - 2 people
Weight - 40,000 kg
Crane lifting capacity - 5800 kg
Highway speed - 70 km / h
Cruising in store for fuel - 1000 km
Reload time for one rocket - 16 min
ТЗМ 9Т250 (photo and drawing "KBM", drawing - photo from MVSV-2010 from Denis KA, http://forums.airbase.ru)
Loading of the SPU complex "Iskander-M" 9P78-1 with TZM 9T250 training missile 9M723. The first photo shows TZM 9T250. Demonstration exercises of the 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 20.10.2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
TZM 9T250 rigging equipment of the Iskander-M complex. Kubinka, forum "Army-2015", June 17, 2015 (photo - Sergey Karpukhin, Reuters).
Command vehicle 9S552 / 9S552E on the KamAZ chassis - provides control of the battery, battalion's firepower; provides communication between units, receiving target designation from external and higher structures;
Calculation - 4 people
Automated workplaces - 4
The radio communication range is 50 km (on the march), 350 km (at a stop).
Number of communication channels - up to 16
Data transmission and reception speed - up to 16 kbit / s (radio modem, radio stations)
Time standard for calculating a combat mission - 10 s
The time standard for the transfer of commands to the PPI - 15 s
Time standard for full deployment-folding, taking into account external antennas - 30 min
Information preparation point 9S920 / 9S920E on the KamAZ-43101 chassis - provides information preparation for striking, prepares information for the correlation type seeker;
Calculation - 4 people
Automated workplaces - 2
Number of communication channels - up to 16
Information transmission and reception rate - up to 16 kbit / s (radio modem, radio stations R-168-100KAE "Aqueduct" produced by the Yaroslavl Radio Plant )
Time standard for determining the coordinates of the target point - 30-120 s
Time standard for issuing target designation commands on SPU - 60 s
Time of continuous work - 48 hours
Machine information preparation point 9S920 on the KamAZ-43101 chassis (photo "KBM")
The machine of regulations and maintenance on the KamAZ-43101 chassis - serves for routine and verification work with missiles with and without removing them from the container. The study of the design of the rocket shows that routine maintenance with missiles of the 9M723 type can be carried out in any position - on the launcher, in the TZM, on arsenal equipment carts. The rocket test plugs are located on the front tie-down ring.
Calculation - 2 people
Weight - 13500 kg
Deployment time on the move - 20 min
Missile check time - 18 minutes
Regulations and maintenance vehicle on the KamAZ-43101 chassis (photo "KBM")
Life support vehicle 9Т248 on the KamAZ-5350 chassis
Life support vehicle 2Т248 (photo "KBM")
Life support vehicle 2Т248 (photo by A.E. Melnikov, 2015)
A set of arsenal equipment - containers for transportation and storage of warheads and missile units, traverses, trolleys and cradles.
Established structure of units with Iskander-M complexes:
The Iskander complexes have been consolidated into missile brigades of 2-3 divisions. it is possible to form a separate missile division. The division includes 2-3 missile batteries, KShM and PPI. The rocket battery includes 2-3 complexes (2-3 SPU + 1 TZM), KShM. As of 2009, a 2-battery composition of battalions in the Russian Armed Forces was announced. According to our assessment, the most probable is the 2-divisional composition of the RBR - in this case, one RBR should include 8 SPU complex, which allows the desired number of RBRs to be deployed as quickly as possible under conditions of minimal growth in the production of missiles and systems of the complex.
The first military missile brigade was fully equipped with complexes in 2010. According to the program of equipping the Russian Armed Forces with new equipment and weapons until 2020, it is planned to equip missile brigades with 12 Iskander-M complexes. This means that a full-fledged brigade includes three missile divisions with 2 batteries, 2 complexes each ().
Brigade kit of the 2014-2015 model. includes:
- 12 launchers
- 12 transport-charging machines
- 11 command and staff vehicles
- 14 life support vehicles
- 1 machine of regulation and maintenance
- 1 point of preparation of information.
A total of 51 units of equipment. Also, the brigade is equipped with missile ammunition, an arsenal kit, training equipment (,).
Status: Russia:
1996 May 10 - the missile and the SPU complex are shown to the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin during his visit to the 4th State Central Polygon of the Russian Ministry of Defense Kapustin Yar.
1998 December 25 - The FSB arrested two private entrepreneurs from the city of Kolomna and a KBM employee for attempting to transfer secret documentation on the 9M723 product to the Western special services.
2000 July 11 - the Iskander-E complex (on the MZKT-7930 chassis) is presented at the Ural Expo ARMZ-2000 exhibition in Nizhny Tagil. At the exhibition, information was announced that two Iskander complexes were produced by the industry and are being tested.
2004 - a contract was signed for the supply of 18 Iskander-E complexes to Syria, later canceled under pressure from the United States and Israel. It was assumed that the delivery will be made in 2007-2008. The plan for the supply of Iskander complexes to the Russian Armed Forces for 2004 - 4 units (division, there is no confirmation of implementation). A plan for 2005 has been announced - two Iskander-M complexes are supposed to be put into service.
2005 March - the first 9K720 complexes entered service with the 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Kapustin Yar, apparently 2 pieces, according to media reports, it was planned to deliver 3 pieces in 2005). The complete equipment of a separate missile battalion was completed by January 2007. It is planned to start arming with missile brigade complexes: composition - 3 missile battalions, each with three batteries - each 3 SPU and support equipment - a total of 27 complexes and 100 missiles for them ... Incl. it is planned to equip the complexes of the 103rd ORBR of the Siberian Military District and the 107th ORBR of the Far Eastern Military District (as of 2009, the rearmament of these brigades has not begun or this has not been reported).
2006 July - Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov announced that in 2007-1015. The Russian Armed Forces will receive 60 Iskander-M systems and 120 missiles for them (5 missile brigades). Consequently, the composition of the brigade is 2-3 divisions of 2 batteries, 2 SPUs in the battery = most likely 12 SPUs in the RBR.
2006 - the Iskander-M complex was adopted by the Russian Armed Forces. By 2015, it is planned to equip the complex with 5 RBRs (separate missile brigades) and complete the deployment of the grouping (60 SPU). According to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year. Total - maximum, 7 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (doubtful).
2007 January - the 630th ORDN was completed with Iskander-M complexes produced by PA Barrikady - 2 batteries, 2 complexes in each (total - 4 complexes in ORDN and, probably, in the Russian Armed Forces).
2007 May 29 - Iskander and R-500 missiles were launched at the Kapustin Yar test site (the last - the first launch). The media reported on the completion of tests of the Iskander-K complex with the R-500 cruise missile at the Kapustin Yar test range. Range - 500 km, cruising speed - 230-260 m / s, flight duration - 24 minutes, warhead mass 500 kg, KVO - about 1 m, engine - economical turbojet engine, it is supposed to be put into service in 2009 State tests of R-missiles 500 is slated to start in 2008.
SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex of the 630th missile division. Probably an SPU with a 9M723K5 missile, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2007 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
2007 - the media announced that the 92nd separate missile brigade of the Volga-Ural Military District and the 107th separate missile brigade of the Far Eastern Military District began to arm with the 9K720 complexes. The completion of the brigades is planned to be completed by 2011. According to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year (there is also a figure of 3 pieces). Total - probably, 7-8 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces.
2008 May 9 - a missile division of the SPU and TZM of the Iskander complexes, probably the 630th ORND of the North Caucasus Military District, took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow.
SPU complex "Iskander-M" at the parade on May 9, 2008 in Moscow (photo Andrey Kuzmin, taken from the site http://militaryparitet.com)
- 2008 August 12 - there is information, unconfirmed by the Russian side, about the use of the Iskander OTR with a cluster warhead in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict by Russian troops (against the base of a tank battalion in Gori, Georgia). Perhaps the complexes were used by the 630th ORDN of the North Caucasus Military District.
2008 November 5 - Russian President Dmitry Medvedev announced that it is planned to deploy a missile brigade of Iskander complexes in the Kaliningrad region to neutralize the US missile defense systems, which were supposed to be deployed in Poland.
2008 December - production plans for 2009-2011 were announced. - it is planned to supply 30 Iskander missiles to the Russian Armed Forces (and probably 4 complexes a year).
2008 - according to media reports, during the year 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces (there is also a figure of 3 pieces). Total - probably, 10-12 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (630th ORDN, and probably ORDN of training centers for districts and 1-2 incomplete RBR).
2009 May 9 - the 630th ORDN of the North Caucasus Military District with a full set of SPU and TPM complexes "Iskander-M" took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow.
2009 June 17 - Head of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Nikolai Makarov announced that the rearmament of units of the North Caucasian Military District and the Kaliningrad Special Region will be completed by 2012.
2009 September 19 - Deputy Defense Minister of Russia Vladimir Popovkin in an interview with radio station "Echo of Moscow" said that after the US refused to deploy missile defense systems in Europe, it was decided not to deploy Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region.
2009 September 29 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, General of the Army Vladimir Boldyrev, announced that Iskander missile brigades will be sent to all military districts of Russia. The first brigade will be fully completed in 2010.
2009 October 20 - a notice of an open tender was published for the right to conclude an agreement to perform work on the development of design documentation: "Reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the FSUE" Votkinsk plant ", Votkinsk, Udmurt Republic, to ensure the serial production of Iskander-M products ". The estimated cost of re-equipment of production - 308 million rubles., The completion date of re-equipment according to the plan - 2012.
2009 November 6 - Chief of the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Armed Forces, Lieutenant General Sergei Bogatinov, announced that one of the missile brigades of the Russian ground forces by the end of 2010 will be completely re-equipped with Iskander-M tactical missile systems.
2009 November 12 - President Dmitry Medvedev announced in his annual message to the Federal Assembly that in 2010 the Russian Armed Forces will receive 5 Iskander complexes. Earlier, officials said that in 2010 it is planned to purchase 3 complexes and 13 missiles for them.
2009 end of the year - according to media reports, during the year 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces (at least 3 units according to our estimate). Total - probably 8-9-16 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (taking into account possible non-fulfillment of plans in previous years).
- 2010 February 25 - the commander-in-chief of the Ground Forces, Colonel-General Alexander Postnikov, announced that during 2010 the Iskander missile brigade of the Leningrad Military District (meaning the 26th RBR) will be armed with Iskander complexes.
2010 July 17 - the commander-in-chief of the Ground Forces, Colonel-General Alexander Postnikov, announced that the missile brigade of the Leningrad military district received the first Iskander OTR complex.
2010 December 14 - Commander of the Western Military District Arkady Bakhin announced that the Western Military District has adopted Iskander missile systems. Later () it was reported that in 2010 the armament of 12 Iskander-M complexes of the first military missile brigade was completed.
Probably the 630th ORDN is preparing for the parade on Red Square in Moscow, 05/09/2011 (photo editing by Renat Dunyashov, http://taek.livejournal.com).
- 2011 August 01 - Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov said that in total 120 Iskander complexes are planned to be adopted by the Russian Armed Forces (12 per brigade). It also became known that the 26th RBR was fully equipped with Iskander complexes, as well as that in 2010 6 Iskander complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces.
2011 August 4 - signing of the contract Z / 3/1 / 24-11-DGOZ for the supply of Iskander-M missile systems in brigade sets of two sets per year ()
2011 September 22 - group launches of Iskander-M, "" and Smerch MLRS were carried out during the Center-2011 command-and-staff exercises, which were also held at the 4th Main Central Interspecies Testing Grounds Kapustin Yar. In total, two missiles similar to the 9M723K5 missiles were launched.
Battery operation SPU 9P78-1 during the group launch of OTR type 9M723K5 or similar 9K720 Iskander-M complex during the Center-2011 exercise, Kapustin YR training ground, 09/22/2011 (http://www.mil.ru ).
Launches from the 9P78-1 SPU of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2011 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
Group launch of OTR type 9M723K5 or similar 9K720 Iskander-M and OTR 9M79 complexes 9K79-1 Tochka-U during the Center-2011 exercise, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2011 (http: // www .mil.ru).
- 2011 October 5 - a photo of SPU 9P78-1 from the 26th missile brigade appeared on the network.
- 2011 October 11 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground with one of the experienced SPU 9P78-1 complex 9K720 Iskander-M, a test launch of a missile with a new type of combat equipment was made. From this SPU, 27 missile launches have been made over the entire period of its operation.
2011 October 21 - The media reported that the 26th missile brigade (Luga, Western Military District) was re-equipped with 9K720 Iskander-M complexes. Several media reports say that the first brigade of the Russian Armed Forces is armed with Iskander-M complexes.
2011 November 14 - in the media there was information about a successful test of the 9M723 missile with a correlation optical seeker. KVO is called at the level of 5 meters. In 2012, the tested complex with a new type of missile will be transferred from the 60th combat use center in Kapustin Yar to the 26th Neman missile brigade (Luga).
2012 July 3 - RIA Novosti, referring to the President of Russia, reports that by 2020, within the framework of the State Armaments Program, 10 Iskander-M brigade missile systems will be delivered to the ground forces. Probably we are talking about brigade kits. According to media reports, one brigade set includes 12 SPU complex.
2012 September 17-23 - at the Prudboy, Kapustin Yar, Ashuluk and Raevskoye training grounds it is planned to conduct the Kavkaz-2012 maneuvers, within the framework of which it is supposed, incl. firing with Iskander combat missiles ().
2012 November 22 - On the official website of the Ministry of Defense it is reported that in the part of the Southern Military District in the Volgograd Region and Krasnodar Territory, during 2012, the Iskander missile defense system was supplied.
2013 09 February - the commander of the 20th Army of the Western Military District, Major General Alexander Lapin, told the media that the Iskander-M complexes () will enter service with the army in the near future.
2013 February 12 - Commander-in-Chief of the RF Ground Forces, Colonel-General Vladimir Chirkin, inspected the Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, where specialists are trained to work on Iskander missile systems ().
SPU 9P78-1 missile system "Iskander-M", Moscow, preparation for the parade, May 7, 2013 (photo - pfc-joker, http://pfc-joker.livejournal.com).
- 2013 May 15 - information appeared in the media with reference to a representative of the Ministry of Defense about plans to deploy Iskander-M missile systems at the 102nd Russian military base in Gyumri (Armenia).
2013 June 24 - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov announced that in 2013 the delivery of "the first brigade sets of complexes" will begin. Earlier, manufacturers of various elements of the Iskander complex supplied their products to the troops independently: command-staff vehicles, launchers, as well as missile warheads and launch vehicles were supplied separately. "In 2013, it is planned to supply the first brigade kits (Iskander OTRK)," Borisov told RIA Novosti.
- 2013 September 22 - the missile brigade of the Western Military District (probably the 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade, Luga) carried out successful training firing of the Iskander-M RC ().
RC "Iskander-M" at firing in Luga, Leningrad region. On the second frame, it is cloudy from the shooting of the yoke clip. 09/22/2013 (footage of the Zvezda TV channel, http://function.mil.ru).
- 2013 October 7 - The Ministry of Defense informs that by the end of the year the Iskander-M missiles will be delivered to the units of the Southern Military District.
2013 November 14 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground, a brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems () was handed over to the personnel of one of the missile brigades of the Russian ground forces. The brigade kit was handed over to the brigade of the Southern Military District. In general, starting from 2013, it is planned to transfer to the armed forces two brigade sets per year ().
SPU 9P78-1 with 9M723 ballistic missiles and R-500 cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the second serial brigade kit on the day of the transfer of equipment to the 1st RBR. Kapustin Yar, 11/14/2013 (http://vk34.ru/).
SPU 9P78-1 with R-500 cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the second serial brigade set on the day of the transfer of equipment to the 1st RBR. Kapustin Yar, 11/14/2013 (http://vk34.ru/, video report).
- 2013 November 14 - the general designer of KBM V.M. Kashin at the ceremony of transferring the brigade set of Iskander-M complexes in Kapustin Yar said that today 5 types of missiles have been created for the complex and 3 more types of missiles are in development () ...
2013 December 15 - German weekly Bild, with reference to satellite images, reports on the deployment of at least 10 Iskander-M missiles in the Kaliningrad region - in Kaliningrad, as well as along the borders with the Baltic states (). On December 16, a statement by the Russian Ministry of Defense says: "Areas of deployment of Iskander missile battalions in the territory of the Western Military District (ZVO) do not contradict international agreements" (). Thus, the fact of the deployment of missiles has not been refuted, but also not confirmed.
2013 December 18 - the first division of the brigade set of Iskander-M complexes entered Krasnodar in the location of the 1st Guards. missile Orsha orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov brigade (formerly 114th RBR,).
2013 December 19 - it was announced at a press conference that the decision on the deployment of Iskander-M missile systems in Kaliningrad has not yet been made. Thus, it is likely that there were no missile systems at all, or they were temporarily located in the Kaliningrad region.
2014 February 11 - The media report the ongoing development of a new missile for the Iskander-M complex by the KBM without specifying the missile specification ().
2014 July 8 - a brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems (12 SPU,) was handed over to the missilemen of the Western Military District in Kapustin Yar.
2015 May 20 - the leadership of Ukraine declares in the media that 10 Iskander-M missile systems have been deployed in Crimea (the area of the Shchelkovo settlement - Cape Kazantip and the city of Krasnoperekopsk). The first mention of the placement in the Ukrainian media refers to December 2014. According to media reports, a total of 3 missile divisions are planned to be deployed. Additional deployment points are the city of Dzhankoy and the village of Chernomorskoye ().
2015 end of July - a missile brigade stationed in the Krasnodar Territory (probably the 1st Guards Missile Brigade) will conduct exercises at the Karustin Yar training ground with combat launches of Iskander-M missiles at a range of up to 300 km ().
2015 September 15 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground, the calculation of the missile formation of the Southern Military District performed combat launches of Iskander-M missiles at targets that were 300 km away ().
2015 October 30 - the Iskander-M cruise missile R-500 was launched at the Kapustin Yar test site. The launch was carried out as part of the exercises of the strategic forces control system of the Russian Armed Forces (http://mil.ru).
The launch of the R-500 cruise missile of the Iskander-M complex from the Kapustin Yar training ground as part of the exercises of the strategic forces control system of the Russian Armed Forces, 10/30/2015 (video footage of the Russian Ministry of Defense, http://mil.ru).
Still frame of the TV show "I Serve Russia!" TV channel "Zvezda" dated March 27, 2016, which depicts an object similar to the SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex at the Khmeimim airbase, Syria.
- 2016 April 19 - as part of military exercises at the Kapustin Yar training ground, the Iskander-M cruise missile was launched. The missile hit the target at a distance of 200 km from the launch point. The camp gathering of the military took about a month. The Iskander-M launch was the final point in a large-scale training exercise, which was attended by over 400 servicemen and 70 units of military equipment ().
2016 June 28 - another brigade set of Iskander-M complexes (51 vehicles) was handed over to the missile forces of the ground forces of the Eastern District (5th Combined Arms Army) at the Kapustin Yar training ground ().
Arrival of complexes Iskander / Iskander-M in the Russian Armed Forces * (version dated 06/28/2016):
| Year | Admission | Total | Source of information, note |
| 2004 | plan 4 fact 0 | 0 | |
| 2005 | plan 2-3 fact 3 | 3 | March 2005, entered service with the 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Kapustin Yar) |
| 2006 | plan - 4? | 4 ? | according to media reports, the data is questionable |
| 2007 | plan - 3-4 fact - 0? | 4 | in January, the completion of the 630th order with 4 Iskander-M complexes was completed, |
| 2008 | plan - 3-4 fact - 3 | 7 | data on the supply of complexes from the media |
| 2009 | plan - 3-4 fact - 3 | 10 | data on the supply of complexes from the media |
| 2010 | plan 3 fact 6 | 16 | statement by the Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov 08/01/2011. Perhaps 6 complexes - total delivery 2009-2010. |
| 2011 | plan 6? fact - 0 | 16 | Analysis, serial production at OJSC "Votkinsk plant" was not carried out. Perhaps there were no supplies. |
| 2012 | plan 6? fact - 0 | 16 | Analysis, serial production at OJSC "Votkinsk plant" is planned for the amount of 2.4 billion rubles, it is expected that the complexes will be delivered to the 20th Army of the Western Military District. Perhaps there were no supplies. |
| 2013 | plan - 24 fact - 24 | 40 | - 06/28/2013, the first of two (in 2013) brigade missile system kits was transferred to the ground forces - 12 SPU (3 divisions with 2 batteries and 2 SPU in each) - 107 ORB (Birobidzhan). It is stated that the delivery of "brigade sets of complexes" will begin in 2013 and that the completion of the armament program for 10 missile brigades is possible until 2018. - 11/14/2013 - the second brigade set of complexes produced in 2013 was transferred to the Kapustin Yar missile brigade of the Southern Military District - the 1st Guards Missile Orsha Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Brigade (Krasnodar). |
| 2014 | plan - 24 fact - 24 (18.11.2014) | 64 | On July 8, a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes (112th Guards Missile Brigade (Shuya)) was handed over to the Western Military District. |
| 2015 | plan - 24 fact - 24 (18.11.2015) | 88 | Assumption according to the statement of the KBM management dated 06/28/2013 July 15 - a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was handed over to the 103rd separate missile unit of the Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky brigade of the 36th combined-arms army of the Eastern Military District, stationed in Ulan-Ude. The transfer took place at Kapustin Yar. |
| 2016 | plan - 24 fact - 12 (28.06.2016) | 112 | Assumption according to the statement of the KBM management dated 06/28/2013 June 28 - the brigade kit was handed over to the brigade of the 5th combined-arms army of the Vostoyanny District. |
| 2017 | plan - 12? | 124 | Assumption according to the statement of the KBM management dated 06/28/2013 |
| 2018 | 120 | Possible implementation of the plans for 2011 according to the statement of the KBM management dated June 28, 2013. | |
| 2020 | plan +40? | 120 | by the specified date, according to the statement dated 03.07.2012. |
As part of the Russian Armed Forces according to our data, armed with Iskander / Iskander-M complexes (data as of 11/09/2016, not complete):
| Military unit | Military district | Number of SPU | Start picking | Completion picking | Explanations |
| 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Znamensk-6, Kapustin Yar training ground) | Southern District (formerly North Caucasian), subordination of the unit - central | 4 | March 2005 | January 2007 | the first part armed with 9K720 complexes July 2014 - the planned date for the commissioning of equipment park storage facilities in the city of Znamensk 13017 and 13021 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade of the 6th Army (Luga), military unit 54006 | Western District (formerly Leningradsky) | 12 | 2008/2009 (plan 2007) really - July 2010 | plan - 2012 (by indirect indications, 2009-2010) July 2011 (fact) October 21, 2011 (announced in the media) | 2009 - according to media reports it is completed, In 2010 it is planned to re-equip completely. The brigade was fully equipped with Iskander complexes in July 2011. On August 22, 2011, the personnel of the brigade and possibly 2 or 4 SPUs took part in training launches at the Kapustin Yar range as part of the Center-2011 exercise. In 2012, the brigade will receive complexes with 9M723 missiles with optical correlation seeker (not confirmed). July 2014 - the planned date for the commissioning of a park storage facility for equipment 1 / L-25 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 107th separate missile brigade of the 35th army (Birobidzhan / settlement Semistochny) | Vostochny (formerly Far East) | 12 | 2007 (plans for 2005) | 2011 (plan) June 28, 2013 (fact) | that recruitment will begin announced in March 2005. On June 28, 2013, the transfer of the first complete brigade set of Iskander-M complexes to the brigade was completed. July 2014 - the planned date for the commissioning of a park storage facility for equipment P-3/11 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 1st Guards Missile Orshanskaya Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Brigade of the 49th Army (formerly 114th RBR, Krasnodar) | District Southern (formerly North Caucasian) | 12 | 2012 r. | 2012 (plan) 14.11.2013 (fact) | 2011 - the missile brigade was reassigned to the 49th combined arms army () RBR of 2 divisions, according to our estimates, on November 22, 2012, the website of the Ministry of Defense reports that in 2012, supplies of the Iskander RK began to the part of the Southern Military District The first division (of three) arrived at the place of deployment in the village of Molkino on December 17, 2013 () July 2014 - the planned date for the commissioning of the facility for park storage of equipment in the settlement of Molkino 13009 and Mozdok 13011 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 112th Guards Missile Brigade (Shuya) of the 1st Tank Army | Western District (formerly - Moskovsky) | 12 | 2014 | 07/08/2014 (fact) | The rearmament of the unit was planned for 2009. 07/08/2014 A brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was handed over to the missile unit of the Western Military District at Kapustin Yar. February 2015 - the planned date of putting into operation the object of park storage of equipment 107/603 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 92nd Missile Brigade (p.Totskoe-2, Orenburg, earlier - the city of Kamenka near Penza) of the 2nd Combined Arms Army | Privolzhsko-Uralsky | 12 | 2007 it was planned to start recruiting | 2011 (plan 2010) November 18, 2014 (fact) | In 2010, deliveries were planned 11/18/2014 the missile unit in Kapustin Yar received a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes July 2014 - the planned date for the commissioning of a park storage facility for equipment in Tokkoye-2 TC-ISK (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 103rd Separate Missile Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnytsky Brigade of the 36th Combined Arms Army (Drovyanaya, Ulan-Ude) | Eastern (formerly Siberian) | 12 | there is no data | plan - 2015 by the end of the year () 15.07.2015 | The fact that the acquisition will begin was announced in March 2005. On July 15, 2015, the missile unit in Kapustin Yar received a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes - 51 units. technicians |
| 12th (new) missile brigade as part of the 58th combined arms army (Mozdok,) | Southern | 12 | there is no data | by the end of 2015 Kuwait - as of 2008, negotiations are underway on possible supplies (Rosoboronexport, interview with N. Dimidyuk); Malaysia - according to Rosoboronexport (interview with N. Dimidyuk), is interested in the supply of Iskander-E OTR. United Arab Emirates - according to Rosoboronexport (interview with N. Dimidyuk), interested in the supply of Iskander-E OTR. Saudi Arabia: Singapore - as of 2008, negotiations are underway on possible supplies (Rosoboronexport, interview with N. Dimidyuk); Syria - 2004 - a contract was signed on the supply of Iskander-E to Syria, later canceled by President Vladimir Putin under pressure from the United States and Israel. It was assumed that the delivery will be made in 2007-2008. In February 2007, information appeared about a probable delivery starting from 2007 through Belarus Http://www.gosniimash.ru http://test.rosb.ru, 2010 Shunkov V.N., Rocket weapons. Minsk, Potpourri, 2003 GlobalSecurity.org. Website http://www.globalsecurity.org, 2010 Zaloga Steven J., Scud Ballistic Missile and Launch Systems 1955-2005. Osprey Publishing. 2006 year |
Elusive Rocket Avenger
There are magic words in world politics that thrill entire governments. For example, the phrase "chemical weapons in Syria", or "Iranian nuclear weapons" causes a state of extreme military-diplomatic excitement among the political elite of the countries. However, according to the speed of reaction of the progressive public to such phrases, our "" has no equal. Mention of OTRK Iskander-M, especially in the context of its placement on someone's borders, inevitably entails a reaction close to hysterics of the media, military and politicians of bordering countries and their Western overlords. Let's figure out what is the secret of the magical properties of this operational-tactical missile system, so frightening to our neighbors.
The missile system problem Iskander thing is it is impossible to "catch"... Firstly, because during the flight, the missile maneuvers with huge overloads, which are still unattainable for any interceptor missile in service with the countries of the world. Secondly, it flies very low - up to 6 m from the surface at a speed Mach 4 therefore, it is almost impossible to detect it using standard radar equipment. Thirdly, it throws out false targets to deceive the enemy's radar, sets up active radio interference and "jamming" all emitters by which they are guided in the space of the missile defense system.
The principle of operation of homing systems, scientifically called correlation-extreme, is that the optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared in the on-board computer with the reference one, after which corrective signals are issued to the missile controls.
Optical seeker is universal and makes only one requirement for the inertial control system of the missile: to bring the latter to the point at which the optics begins to see the target. Against such a head, existing active means are powerless, which very effectively counteract radar homing systems. The high sensitivity of the seeker allows work even on a moonless night, which favorably distinguishes the new system from existing analogues. In addition, optical systems do not need signals from space radio navigation systems, such as the American NAVSTAR, which in crisis cases can be turned off by its owners or disabled by radio interference. By the way, many potential customers of Iskander-E are demanding independence from satellite navigation. At the same time, the integration of inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and optical seeker allows you to create a missile that hits a given target almost in any conceivable conditions.
Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, reconnaissance aircraft or to an information preparation point (PIP). It calculates the flight mission for the rocket, which is then broadcast by radio to the command and staff vehicles (KShM) of the battalion and battery commanders, and from there to the launchers. Commands to launch missiles can be formed both in the command and control squadron, and come from the command posts of the senior artillery commanders. PPI and KShM equipment is built on local networks Russian computers, moreover, the functional purpose of the control complex depends only on and can be easily upgraded to control various fire weapons.
On October 11, 2011, the completion of the first stage of testing of the updated missile system was announced. Iskander-M with new combat equipment - with a new electronic warfare system, which provides cover for the missile in the final flight phase. This system includes the means of setting passive and active jamming of surveillance and firing radars of the enemy's anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense, by means of noise and the release of false targets. Since 2013, new missiles have been supplied to the Russian army.
More detailed and a variety of information about the events taking place in Russia, Ukraine and other countries of our beautiful planet, can be obtained at Internet Conferences, constantly held on the website "Keys of Knowledge". All Conferences are open and completely free... We invite everyone interested. All the Conferences are broadcasted on the Internet Radio Vozrozhdenie ...
Iskander (9K720) is a family of tactical missile systems (OTRK) of the ground forces: Iskander, Iskander-E, Iskander-K, Iskander-M. Designed for covert preparation and delivery of effective missile strikes against especially important small-sized and area targets in the depths of the operational formation of enemy troops.
OTRK "Iskander" (9K720) was created as a result of the joint work of a group of research institutes, design bureaus and factories under the leadership of the design bureau of mechanical engineering (KBM in Kolomna), known as the manufacturer of the Tochka and Oka missile systems. The launcher was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (Volgograd), the homing system was developed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (Moscow).
In the context of the 1987 INF Treaty and the renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons in theater of operations, a number of fundamentally new requirements are imposed on modern tactical complexes:
- the use of only non-nuclear weapons;
- ensuring precision shooting accuracy;
- control over the entire flight path;
- a wide range of effective combat equipment;
- the presence in the complex of a combat control automation system and an information - - - - support system, including the preparation of reference information for correction and final guidance systems;
- the ability to integrate with global satellite navigation systems (GSSN - "Glonass", "NAVSTAR");
- the possibility of hitting heavily protected targets;
- increased fire performance;
- the ability to effectively overcome the effect of air defense and missile defense systems;
- the possibility of hitting moving targets.
To meet the above requirements, an export version of the 9K720 OTRK was created, which received the designation "Iskander-E." is a weapon of a completely new generation, superior in its tactical and technical characteristics to the existing RC 9K72 "Elbrus", "Tochka-U", "Lance", "ATASMS", "Pluton", etc.
Main features of RK 9K720 Iskander:
- highly accurate and effective destruction of various types of targets;
- the possibility of covert training, combat alert and effective delivery of missile strikes;
- automatic calculation and input of the flight mission of missiles by means of the launcher;
- high probability of completing a combat mission in the face of active opposition from the enemy;
- high probability of failure-free operation of the rocket in preparation for launch, as well as in flight;
- high tactical maneuverability due to the high cross-country ability of combat vehicles mounted on all-wheel drive chassis,
- strategic mobility due to the transportability of vehicles by all modes of transport, including transport aviation;
- automation of combat control of missile units,
- operational processing and bringing intelligence information to the appropriate levels of management;
- long service life and ease of use.
Iskander-E in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics fully complies with the provisions of the Regime for controlling the nonproliferation of missile technologies. This is a "deterrent" weapon in local conflicts, and for countries with limited living space - a strategic weapon. The structure of the complex, its command and control systems, automated combat control and information support make it possible to respond promptly to new requirements without significantly modifying its combat assets and, as a result, guarantee it a long life cycle.
For arming the Russian army, a variant of the Iskander-M missile system with an increased flight range (more than 450 km) has been developed, as well as the Iskander-K equipped with the R-500 high-precision cruise missile (range up to 2600 km) of the Caliber system developed by the Yekaterinburg JSC "OKB" Novator ". The complex was successfully tested in 2007. at the Kapustin Yar training ground.
In 2007, Iskander-M complexes (four combat vehicles) were equipped with a training division in Kapustin Yaru, which took part in the war with Georgia in August 2008.
In the west, the complex was designated SS-26.
The Iskander complex includes:
- rocket 9M723;
- self-propelled launcher 9P78 (SPU);
- transport and loading vehicle 9Т250 (ТЗМ);
- command and staff vehicle 9S552 (KShM);
- 9S920 mobile information preparation station (PPI);
- machine of regulation and maintenance (MRTO);
- life support machine;
- sets of arsenal and training equipment.
9M723 missile of the Iskander complex
Solid propellant, single-stage with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight. The rocket is controlled along the entire flight path using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. The flight trajectory of the 9M723 is not ballistic, but controlled. The rocket is constantly changing the plane of the trajectory. She maneuvers especially actively in the area of her acceleration and approach to the target - with an overload of 20 to 30g. In order to intercept the 9M723 missile, the missile must move along a trajectory with an overload two to three times higher, which is practically impossible. Most of the flight path of a stealth missile with a small reflective surface travels at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of being hit by the enemy. The 'invisibility' effect is achieved due to a combination of design features and the treatment of the rocket with special coatings.
The missile is brought directly to the target using an inertial control system, and then captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (see photo). The principle of operation of the OTR 9M723 homing system is that the optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared by the on-board computer with the standard entered during the preparation of the rocket for launch. The optical head has increased resistance to existing electronic warfare equipment and allows successful missile launches even on moonless nights when there is no additional natural target illumination, hitting the target with an error of plus or minus two meters.
No other tactical system in the world can solve such a task, except for Iskander. In addition, optical systems do not need signals from space radio navigation systems, which in crisis cases can be turned off or disabled by radio interference. The integration of inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and optical seeker makes it possible to create a missile that strikes a given target in almost any conceivable conditions. The seeker can also be used on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types.
The missile can be equipped with various warheads (10 types in total), including:
- cluster warhead with non-contact detonation fragmentation warheads;
- cluster warhead with cumulative fragmentation submunitions;
- cluster warhead with self-aiming combat elements;
- cluster warhead of volume-detonating action;
- high-explosive fragmentation warhead (OFBCH);
- high-explosive incendiary warhead;
- penetrating warhead (PBCh).
The cassette warhead provides deployment at a height of 0.9-1.4 km with further separation and stabilization of the combat elements. The combat elements are equipped with radio sensors, the detonation of combat elements is carried out at a height of 6-10 m above the target.
Thanks to the implementation of terminal control and guidance methods, control along the entire flight path, a wide range of powerful warheads and the integration of an onboard control system with various correction and homing systems, as well as a high probability of completing a combat mission in conditions of active enemy opposition, typical targets are hit by launching only 1 2 Iskander-E missiles, which is equivalent in efficiency to the use of a nuclear weapon.
Self-propelled launcher 9P78-1 (SPU) RK 9K720 Iskander-M
Fully autonomous SPU is placed on an 8x8 off-road wheeled chassis (MZKT-7930) and is designed for storing and transporting missiles, preparing for launch and launching within the firing sector ± 90 ° relative to the direction of arrival of the SPU. SPU provides: automatic determination of its coordinates, data exchange with all control units, combat alert and preparation for launch with the missile in a horizontal position, single and salvo missile launches, storage and verification of missiles. The most important feature of the launcher was the placement on it of not one (as in "Tochka" and "Oka"), but two missiles.
The time spent on the launch site of the launcher is minimal and is up to 20 minutes, while the interval between the launches of the 1st and 2nd missiles is no more than one minute. Missile launches do not require launching positions specially prepared in engineering and topogeodetic respect, which can lead to their disclosure by the enemy. Launches can be carried out from the so-called "ready from the march", i.e. The launcher drives into any site (except for swampy terrain and loose sands) and its calculation in an automated cycle, without leaving the cockpit, prepares and launches the rocket. After that, the launcher moves to the reloading point and, after loading the missiles, is ready for a repeated missile strike from any starting position.
Transport and loading vehicle 9T250-1 (TZM) RK 9K720 "Iskander-M"
TZM is also located on the MZKT-7930 chassis and is equipped with a jib crane. Full combat weight - 40,000 kg, TPM calculation - 2 people.
Command vehicle 9S552 (KShM) of the Iskander missile system
The automated control system is based on a command-staff vehicle unified for all control levels, made on the chassis of the KAMAZ family. Adjustment to a certain control level (brigade, division, starting battery) is carried out programmatically during operation. To ensure information exchange, combat control and communication equipment is located in the launcher. Information exchange can be carried out both through open and closed communication channels.
Iskander is integrated with various intelligence and command systems. Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, reconnaissance aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle (such as "Flight-D") to the information preparation point (PIP). It calculates the flight mission for the missile and prepares reference information for missiles with OGSN.Then, this information is transmitted via radio channels to the command and staff vehicles (KShM) of the battalion and battery commanders, and from there to the launchers. Commands for launching missiles can be formed both in the KShM and come from the command posts of the senior artillery commanders.
It is placed on the chassis of the Kamaz family and is intended for routine check of the onboard equipment of missiles placed on the TPM (as well as in containers), checking the instruments that are part of the group spare parts kits of the complex elements and routine repair of missiles by the MRTO calculation. Machine weight - 13500 kg, deployment time - 20 min., Time of an automated routine check cycle of onboard missile equipment - 18 min., Calculation - 2 people.
Iskander missile life support vehicle
Designed to accommodate combat crews (up to 8 people) for rest and food.
The performance characteristics of the Iskander complex (9K720)
Circular probable deviation ……… .5-7 m (Iskander-M using a missile with a correlation seeker), up to 2 meters.
Launch weight of the rocket ……………… ..3 800 kg
Warhead weight ………………. 480 kg
Length ……………… ..7.2 m
Diameter ………………. 920 mm
The speed of the rocket after the initial section of the trajectory ... ... ... ..2 100 m / s
The maximum height of the trajectory is ……………… ..50 km.
The minimum range of target destruction is ………. 50 km
Maximum target destruction range ……… 500 km Iskander-K (2000 km with R-500 cruise missile); 280 km Iskander-E (export)
Time before the launch of the first missile ............................................................. 4-16 minutes
The interval between launches ………… 1 minute (for a 9P78 launcher with two missiles)
Photo of the Iskander missile system
Transfer of the brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems to the 112th missile brigade.
2014 July 08 - at the Kaspustin Yar training ground
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