If you believe the myths, then throughout ancient history, the world was tormented by evil ghouls and fastidious gods. But people were not going to give up without a fight and fought against the haters of the human race with improvised means, in particular magic. A wide variety of artifacts have survived to our time, the true purpose of which modern scientists can only guess.
1. Greek palindrome
According to legends, Cyprus is the birthplace of the Greek goddess of love of fertility, and the city of Paphos was the "headquarters" of the cult of Aphrodite. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is replete with ancient mosaics and the remains of the great Mycenaean temples dedicated to the patroness of love. Recently, in Paphos, another miracle was found - a 1,500-year-old clay amulet the size of a coin. On one side, a Greek palindrome is depicted, and on the other, a scene from myths. The palindrome says: "Yahweh is the bearer of the secret name, and the lion of Ra keeps it in his temple."
2. Mysterious golden spirals
Gold has always been considered a valuable metal by people. Everything was adorned with gold - from tombs to ritual figurines. Archaeologists recently discovered about 2,000 small golden spirals in a field on the Danish island of Zeeland. Earlier, less mysterious gold items such as bracelets, bowls and rings were found at the same site.
The spirals date back to 900 - 700 BC, but that's all we know about them. Why they were made is a mystery. Scientists suggest that in the culture of the Bronze Age, the Sun was revered and attached great importance to gold, considering it the form of the sun embodied on Earth. Thus, it is likely that the spirals adorned the sacred robes of the priests.
3. Bone Armor
Archaeologists in Russia have found unusual armor that was made from the bones of killed animals. Perhaps this is the work of the people of the Samus-Seima culture, whose representatives lived in the Altai mountains on the territory of modern Russia and Central Asia thousands of years ago. At some point, they migrated to the place where the Siberian city of Omsk is located today, where armor was discovered, the age of which ranges from 3500 to 3900 years.
Despite her age, she was found in "perfect condition". It probably belonged to some elite warrior, but archaeologists have no idea why anyone buried such a unique item.
4. Mesoamerican mirrors
Mesoamericans once thought of mirrors as portals to alien worlds. Although reflective surfaces are ubiquitous today, 1000 years ago people worked up to 1,300 hours (160 days) to produce a conventional hand-held mirror. Researchers have found more than 50 of these mirrors in Arizona, most of them at an excavation site called Snaketown. The abundance of mirrors suggests that Snaketown was a very wealthy city that was inhabited by privileged members of society.
Unfortunately, the mirrors were in poor condition. Like other sacred things, they were to be cremated and buried along with their owners. The researchers found that the mirrors were made of pyrite and richly decorated. Since there are no pyrite deposits in the territory of the modern state of Arizona, they assumed that the mirrors were imported from Mesoamerica.
5. Mysterious Sicilian monolith
Archaeologists recently discovered a giant monolith underwater off the coast of Sicily, reminiscent of the stones of Stonehenge. It is at a depth of 40 meters, weighs almost 15 tons, and measures 12 meters in length. The monolith is at least 9,300 years old, almost twice as old as Stonehenge.
The purpose of its construction is not clear, but it is obvious that its production required a titanic effort. Remarkably, the monolith is made of stone that is not mined anywhere else in the vicinity. Today, this artifact, hiding under water, has been broken into three parts, and three holes of unknown purpose were found in it.
6. Magic signs of the Tower of London
Standing on the north bank of the River Thames, the nearly 1000-year-old Tower of London is a fortress that was once a palace, a repository of royal regalia and jewelry, an arsenal, a mint, etc. Interestingly, this fortress, since its construction in 1066 year William the First, constantly had magical protection.
Archaeologists and researchers at the Museum of London have discovered 54 magic signs throughout the Tower. Most of them are black vertical symbols 3-7 cm high, which were intended to ward off all forms of danger, including the elements of nature. Archaeologists have also discovered several demon traps, including mesh images.
7. Witch Island
The uninhabited island of Blo-Jungfrun has always enjoyed a bad reputation and was considered a paradise for witches, literally since the Mesolithic era. The island is located off the east coast of Sweden and is completely isolated from the rest of the world, so it is not surprising that for 9000 years, black magic practitioners have chosen it.
During archaeological research, caves were found bearing traces of man-made intervention, in which unknown frightening rituals were performed. All of them had altars. The servants supposedly sacrificed them to appease their gods.
8. The Silver Scroll of Jerash
Thanks to the wonders of 3-D modeling, researchers were able to look inside the ancient scroll to read the inscriptions on it without damaging the fragile relic. This small silver scroll was found inside the amulet, where it lay for over 1000 years until it was found in a ruined house in 2014. The silver plates turned out to be very thin (only 0.01 cm), so it was not possible to unfold them without damaging them.
After they were able to recreate 17 lines from the scroll using 3-D modeling, scientists saw an intriguing story of witchcraft. About 1,300 years ago, an unnamed sorcerer arrived in the city of Jerash to deal with some local problems. The first line of the spell on the scroll was written in a language resembling Greek, and then the text was written in a completely unknown language reminiscent of Arabic.
9. Egyptian voodoo and ushabti dolls
Although voodoo dolls are generally regarded by the media as an African and Haitian invention, the first such figurines were found in ancient Egyptian magic. The fate that befell the specially made figurine, it is believed, also befell the person in whose likeness it was made. These little scarecrows were made to induce a variety of conditions, from curses to charms of love.
The famous ushabti figurines were often created for this purpose, but they also had a different purpose. The Egyptians knew that Osiris, the god of the dead, often used the dead for work in the afterlife. The Ushabti allegedly did this work for their masters. Some exceptionally lazy but wealthy people were found buried with ushabti every day of the year.
10. Coptic book of spells
Despite the fact that the ancient Egyptians were friends with common sense, they did not hesitate to turn to magic to solve everyday inconveniences. Many of their curses have been lost in history, but some have survived to this day, including the 1,300-year-old Coptic Handbook of Supernatural Ritual Power. Fortunately, the 20-page parchment booklet was written in Coptic, so scientists at Macquarie University in Australia managed to decipher it.
The codex contains 27 spells of varying utility, from "good", old-fashioned love spells to the induction of potentially deadly black jaundice. The Codex probably served as a pocketbook of spells. Among other things, he describes the challenge of Baktiota, a certain mystical figure with divine powers who presides over the meetings of the snakes. The code also speaks of Seth, the third son of Adam and Eve, and Jesus. Researchers suggest that the handbook was written around the seventh century by the Sethians, a sect of Christian heretic mystics.
Today, archaeologists find many different ancient artifacts around the world. But especially interesting exhibits are found in such amazing places as.
Many readers (mostly skeptics) often ask the question: if we follow the assertion that a highly developed civilization existed on Earth earlier, then where are its traces? Remains of high-tech metal products, rusting equipment, gadgets. Or the mention and their images in ancient manuscripts.
It seems to me that the technocracy of the civilization of the past was not the same as we imagine it on the basis of our modern life. Apparently, this level and volume of product production did not exist. I think the goals of production were not the same as they are now: to produce, sell and make a profit (added value). There was no conveyor and industrial production as it is now. But there were high-tech products. Whether they were produced on Earth or inherited from more advanced civilizations in contact with earthlings is unknown. Some of the findings can be found below. I think many have already heard about some of them.
I post information about artifacts with images and photographs. I do not mention the finds similar to the Tisul princess, because there is no photo evidence.
Artifact from Koso
The Koso Artifact is a spark plug discovered in 1961 inside a nodule found in the Koso Mountains near Olancha, California, USA.
The artifact was found on February 13, 1961, while collecting geodes on Mount Koso near the California settlement of Olancha. It was a stone formation, and when sawing, a thick rounded cut of white ceramic with a two-millimeter metal rod in the center was found inside. The very same ceramic cylinder was placed inside a hexagon made of oxidized copper and some other unidentified materials.
In May 1961, the Desert magazine published the first article detailing the find. In 1963, for three months, the artifact was on display at the Museum of the Independence of Eastern California. After 1969, the trail of the Koso artifact was lost.
Official explanation: Research by Pierre Stromberg and Paul Heinrich has shown that the artifact is a Champion automotive spark plug in a ferrous nodule, similar to those used extensively in the 1920s on Ford Model T and Model A.
If so, then the rate of fossilization and nodule formation needs to be revised.
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Artifact from a lump of coal in Kyshtym
In the city of Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk region, Dmitry Eroshkin bought coal and brought it to his home, unloading it, he drew attention to the fact that one of the pieces of coal is too heavy and broke it with a shovel. It turned out that there is a metal object inside the coal.
It looks like a piece of a pig (ingots) into which metal is cast
When the author of the find tried to scratch the surface of the object, it turned out to be a matte gray color. The magnet is attracted to this artifact. it remains a mystery how this object of unknown metal ended up in a lump of coal.
A resident of Vladivostok found a metal rack that looked like a part. Dmitry ordered coal for the winter. I noticed that something was pressed into one of the ordinary lumps of coal, which in shape resembles either a rod or a rail. Carefully breaking a piece, they removed a rod of irregular shape, a little more than 7 centimeters in length, all covered with stuck black charcoal. After control grinding, a silvery metal was found under the scale. It was not magnetic, it was soft and light. The most interesting thing was that when cleaning the rod, the teeth and the pitch-spacing between them were exposed. The find was very similar to a toothed metal rack, created artificially.
This coal was brought to Primorye from Khakassia, from the Chernogorsk deposit.
The answer to the question of what metal the rail was made of was given by an X-ray diffraction analysis carried out by Valery Dvuzhilny. It turned out that the find was made of very pure aluminum - with trace amounts of magnesium only 2-4 percent and an impurity of carbon.
This in itself was surprising, because usually mankind rarely uses pure aluminum. Mainly alloys with manganese, silicon, copper. There are alloys with magnesium, but it is usually up to 10 percent, plus alloying additives from titanium, zirconium, beryllium. And this alloy did not resemble any of those used in our time!
Having found out the composition of the rod, we found the answer to the question of how the part could survive after millions of years: pure aluminum is covered with a strong oxide film, which prevents further corrosion.
Another discovery: it turned out that the material contains from 28 to 75 percent carbon.
Possible initial mechanism
I do not indicate the dating of such finds, because. officially they are dated by the age of coal - at least 300 million years. Bituminous coal could have formed much later. I hypothesized
Ayud artifact
In 1974, near the Romanian city of Ayud, on the banks of the river, a group of workers in the sand at a depth of 10 meters discovered three objects. Two of the objects were the bones of mastodons, and the third was a piece of metal.
It resembled a wedge in shape and had several holes.
The analysis showed that the artifact is a complex alloy of 12 different elements, the main of which is aluminum - it contains 89% by volume. The remaining 11% are copper, silicon, zinc, lead, tin, zirconium, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, bismuth, silver. It is curious that for the first time aluminum was obtained only in 1825.
The Ayud artifact is amazing both in itself and due to the fact that it was found together with the bones of mastodons, the last of which, according to official data, became extinct 10,000 years ago.
The leg of the support of a spacecraft or the "tooth" of a mining machine, excavator?
Expert versions:
Sources:
http://laiforum.ru/viewtopic.php?f=65&t=277&start=860#p68735
http://p-i-f.livejournal.com/7792086.html
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Transformer in stone from Kosovo
Research photographer Ismet Smaili in the Sharri Mountains, Kosovo, found a mysterious artifact that looks a lot like an electromagnetic coil. The object is, as it were, "soldered" into the stone.
Also, judging by its appearance, it is possible that this is a LATR (linear autotransformer), or just an inductor
It is possible that it was filled with some kind of concrete composition, liquid stone.
Something was screwed to the top
But we will not exclude the version of skeptics that this is a device of the mid-20th century. got into the mud, which is petrified, as in this example:
gogaverylong even found a similar modern transformer:
Current transformer
It is possible that in the event of an accident from high currents, the ceramics melted and poured the device into a monolithic stone.
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Misplaced Artifact - Williams' Enigmalite
In 1998, electrical engineer John J. Williams discovered what looked like an electrical connector sticking out of the ground. He dug it up and found it to be a three-prong plug inserted into a small rock.
Williams said the stone was found on an excursion to rural North America, far from human settlements, industrial complexes, airports, factories, and electronic or nuclear installations. While this diminishes the significance of his discovery, Williams refuses to name the exact location where the find was made, lest the site be ransacked in search of other mysterious relics.
Known as "Enigmalite" (a combination of enigma and monolith) or "Petradox", the device shows the undeniable presence of an electronic component embedded in a naturally formed, hard granite stone composed of quartz and feldspar (including very small percentages of mica).
Williams forbids destruction of the specimen, he used powerful X-rays, which showed that the matrix component extends into an opaque internal structure within the stone.
The artifact is also very similar to the heel of women's boots:
Find in China - a screw inside a rock
Prehistoric gadgets and mechanisms
Sumerians with a clock?
Sumerian mobile
A video posted on UFO's YouTube channel Paranormal Crucible shows photographs of what is believed to be a clay replica of a modern mobile phone.
It is possible that this is a cargo cult
Despite the fact that there is no reliable information about the find, it is reported that the "telephone" was discovered during excavations in Salzburg in a cultural layer that dates back to the 13th century AD. Many are convinced that this is a hoax, and "a mysterious artifact of the thirteenth century with cuneiform, which in a strange way resembles a cell phone" - a common tablet.
Baghdad battery
In the early 30s of the last century, during archaeological excavations in the Baghdad region, a mysterious object was revealed, which was conventionally called the "Baghdad battery". It consisted of a thirteen-centimeter vessel, through the neck of which an iron rod was brought out. In the middle of the vessel was a copper cylinder, and inside the cylinder there was another iron rod.
Based on the schematic diagram of the artifact, scientists reasonably assumed that they had unearthed an ancient galvanic cell that could well create an electrical voltage of up to 1 volt.
According to the proposed version, this battery could be used by the ancient Mesopotamians for the process of galvanizing or refining gold. However, it still remains a mystery why the technology of manufacturing such elements was forgotten, and in other regions of the Earth nothing of the kind has yet been discovered.
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Golden planes of the Incas
Historians call them fish. There are golden flying fish figurines in the museum, but they are realistic. These do not look like fish.
A version is also possible that these are layouts, cargo cult, attempts to depict what the Indians saw
Forgotten technological inventions from the recent past - 19th century
Since Darwin's time, science has more or less managed to fit into a logical framework and explain most of the evolutionary processes that took place. Archaeologists, biologists, and many others ... ologues agree, and they are sure that already 400 - 250 thousand years ago, the rudiments of today's society flourished on our planet. But archeology, you know, is such an unpredictable science, no, no, and it throws up all the new finds that do not fit into the generally accepted model neatly folded by scientists. We present to you 15 of the most mysterious artifacts that made the scientific world think about the correctness of existing theories.
1. Orbs from Klerksdorp.
According to rough estimates, these mysterious artifacts are about 3 billion years old. They are disc-shaped and spherical objects. Corrugated balls are of two types: one of a bluish metal, monolithic, interspersed with white matter, others, on the contrary, are hollow, and the cavity is filled with white spongy material. The exact number of spheres is unknown to anyone, since miners still continue to mine them from the rock, near the city of Klerksdorp, located in South Africa, with help.
2 . Drop stones.
In the Bayan-Kara-Ula mountains, which are located in China, a unique find was made, the age of which is 10-12 thousand years. Drop stones, numbering in the hundreds, are like gramophone records. These are stone discs with a hole in the middle and a spiral engraving applied to the surface. Some scientists are inclined to believe that disks serve as carriers of information about an extraterrestrial civilization.
In 1901, the Aegean Sea revealed to scientists the secret of a sunken Roman ship. Among other surviving antiquities, a mysterious mechanical artifact was found that was made about 2000 years ago. Scientists managed to recreate the most complex and innovative invention for that time. The Antikythera mechanism was used by the Romans for astronomical calculations. Interestingly, the differential transmission used in it was invented only in the 16th century, and the skill of the miniature parts from which the amazing device was assembled is not inferior to the skill of the watchmakers of the 18th century.
4. Stones of Ica.
Discovered in the Peruvian province of Ica by surgeon Javier Cabrera. Ica Stones is a processed volcanic rock covered with engravings. But the whole mystery is that among the images there are dinosaurs (brontosaurs, pterosaurs and triceraptors). Perhaps, despite all the arguments of scientific anthropologists, they already flourished and were engaged in creativity in those days when these giants roamed the earth?
In 1936, a strange-looking vessel was found in Baghdad, sealed with a concrete plug. There was a metal rod inside the mysterious artifact. Subsequent experiments showed that the vessel performed the function of an ancient battery, since by filling a structure similar to a Baghdad battery with electrolyte available for that time, it is possible to obtain 1 V electricity. years older than Alessandro Volta.
6. The oldest "spark plug".
In the Koso mountains in California, an expedition that was looking for new minerals found a strange artifact, with its appearance and properties it strongly resembles a "spark plug". Despite the dilapidation, one can confidently distinguish a ceramic cylinder, inside which there is a magnetized metal two-millimeter rod. And the cylinder itself is enclosed in a copper hexagon. The age of the mysterious find will surprise even the most inveterate skeptic - it is more than 500,000 years old!
The three hundred stone balls scattered along the coast of Costa Rica vary in age (from 200 BC to 1500 AD) and in size. Nevertheless, scientists are still not clear how exactly the ancient people made them and for what purposes.
8. Aircraft, tanks and submarines of Ancient Egypt.
There is no doubt that the Egyptians erected, but could the same Egyptians have come up with the idea of constructing an airplane? Scientists have been asking this question since a mysterious artifact was discovered in one of the Egyptian caves in 1898. The device is similar in shape to an airplane, and, when given an initial speed, it could well make a flight. The fact that in the era of the New Kingdom the Egyptians were aware of such technical inventions as an airship, a helicopter and a submarine is told on the ceiling of a temple located near Cairo.
9. Palm print of a person, 110 million years old.
And this is not at all an age for humanity, if you take and add here such a mysterious artifact as a fossilized finger from the Arctic part of Canada, belonging to a person and having the same age. And a footprint found in Utah, and not just a foot, but shod in a sandal, 300 - 600 million years old! You wonder, so when did humanity begin?
10. Metal pipes from Saint-Jean-de-Live.
The age of the rock from which the metal pipes were removed is 65 million years, therefore, the artifact was made at the same time. Wow iron age. Another strange find came from a Scottish rock dating back to the Lower Devonian period, that is, 360 - 408 million years ago. This mysterious artifact was a metal nail.
In 1844, Englishman David Brewster reported that an iron nail had been found in a block of sandstone in one of the Scottish quarries. His hat was so "rooted" into the stone that it was not possible to suspect the falsification of the find, although the age of the sandstone belonging to the Devonian period is about 400 million years.
Already in our memory, in the second half of the twentieth century, a find was made, which scientists still cannot explain. Near the American town with the loud name London, in the state of Texas, when cracking sandstone of the Ordovician period (Paleozoic, 500 million years ago), an iron hammer with the remains of a wooden handle was found. If we discard the person who was not there at that time, it turns out that trilobites and dinosaurs melted iron and used it for economic purposes. If we discard stupid mollusks, then it is necessary to somehow explain the finds, for example, such as this: in 1968, the French Druet and Salfati discovered in the quarries of Saint-Jean-de-Livé, in France, oval-shaped metal pipes, the age of which, if dated by the Cretaceous strata, it is 65 million years - the era of the last reptiles.
Or this: in the middle of the 19th century, blasting operations were carried out in Massachusetts, and a metal vessel was found among the fragments of boulders, which was torn in half by a blast wave. It was a vase, about 10 centimeters high, made of a metal resembling zinc in color. The walls of the vessel were decorated with images of six flowers in the form of a bouquet. The rock in which this outlandish vase was kept belonged to the beginning of the Paleozoic (Cambrian), when life was barely emerging on earth - 600 million years ago.
It cannot be said that the scientists even took water into their mouths: they had to read that a nail and a hammer could fall into the crack and be flooded with soil water, with the formation of a dense rock around them, over time. Even if the vase fell through with the hammer, the pipes in the French quarries could not accidentally hit the depth.
11. Iron mug in coal
It is not known what a scientist would say if in a block of coal, instead of an imprint of an ancient plant, he would find ... an iron mug. Would the coal seam be dated to a man from the Iron Age, or still to the Carboniferous period, when there weren't even dinosaurs? And such an object was found, and until recently that circle was kept in one of the private museums of America, in South Missouri, although with the death of the owner, the trace of the scandalous object was lost, to the great, it should be noted, the relief of scholars. However, there was a photograph.
The circle contained a document signed by Frank Kenwood: “In 1912, when I was working at the Thomas, Oklahoma municipal power plant, I came across a massive lump of coal. It was too big and I had to smash it with a hammer. This iron mug fell out of the block, leaving behind a notch in the coal. An employee of the company named Jim Stoll witnessed how I broke the block and how the mug fell out of it. I was able to find out the origin of the coal - it was mined in the mines of Wilburton, Oklahoma. " According to scientists, the coal mined in the mines of Oklahoma is 312 million years old, unless, of course, it is dated by a circle. Or did man live with trilobites - these shrimp of the past?
12 trilobite foot
Fossilized trilobite. 300 million years ago.
Although there is a find that speaks exactly about this - a trilobite crushed by a shoe! The fossil was discovered by a passionate lover of shellfish, William Meister, who examined the vicinity of Antelope Spring, in Utah in 1968. He split a piece of shale and saw the following picture (in the photo - a split stone).
The imprint of the right foot is visible, under which there are two small trilobites. Scientists explain this by the play of nature, and are ready to believe in the find only if there is a whole chain of such traces. Meister is not a specialist, but a draftsman looking for antiquity in his free time, but his reasoning is sound: the shoe imprint was found not on the surface of hardened clay, but after splitting a piece: the chip fell along the imprint, along the border of the compaction caused by the pressure of the shoe. However, they do not want to talk to him: after all, man, according to the evolutionary theory, did not live in the Cambrian period. Then there weren't even dinosaurs. Or ... the geochronology is false.
13 the sole of a shoe on an ancient stone
In 1922, American geologist John Reid conducted a search in the state of Nevada. Unexpectedly for himself, he found on the stone a clear imprint of the sole of a shoe. A photograph of this wonderful find has survived to this day.
Also in 1922, an article by Dr. W. Ballou appeared in the New York Sunday American. He wrote: “Some time ago, the famous geologist John T. Reid, while searching for fossils, suddenly froze in confusion and surprise in front of a rock under his feet. There was what looked like a human footprint, but not a bare foot, but the soles of a shoe that had turned to stone. The forefoot has disappeared, but retained the contour of at least two-thirds of the sole. A well-distinguishable thread ran around the contour, which, as it turned out, attached a welt to the sole. This is how the fossil was found, which is today the biggest mystery for science, as it was found in a rock that is at least 5 million years old. "
The geologist took the carved piece of rock to New York, where it was examined by several professors from the American Museum of Natural History and a geologist from Columbia University. Their conclusion was unambiguous: the rock is 200 million years old - the Mesozoic, Triassic period. However, the imprint itself was recognized by both these and all other scientific heads ... a play of nature. Otherwise, I would have to admit that people in shoes sewn with thread lived with a number of dinosaurs.
In 1993, Philip Reef was the owner of another amazing find. While tunneling in the mountains of the state of California, two mysterious Cylinders were discovered, they resemble the so-called "Cylinders of the Egyptian Pharaohs."
But in their properties they are completely different from them. They are made of half platinum, half an unknown metal. If they are heated, for example, to 50 ° C, then they maintain this temperature for several hours, regardless of the ambient temperature. Then they cool down almost instantly to air temperature. If an electric current is passed through them, then they change color from silver to black, and then they return to their original color. Undoubtedly, the cylinders also hold other secrets that remain to be discovered. According to radiocarbon analysis, the age of these artifacts is about 25 million years.
According to the most common story, was found in 1927 by the English explorer Frederick A. Mitchell-Hedges among the Mayan ruins in Lubaantun (modern Belize).
Others claim that the scientist bought the item at Sotheby's in London in 1943. Whatever the case, this rock crystal skull is so perfectly carved that it appears to be a priceless work of art.
So, if we consider the first hypothesis correct (according to which the skull is the creation of the Maya), then a whole rain of questions falls on us.
Scientists believe that the Skull of Destiny is, in a sense, technically impossible. Weighing almost 5 kg, and being an ideal copy of a female skull, it has a completeness that would have been impossible to achieve without the use of more or less modern methods, the ways that the Maya culture owned and about which we do not know.
The skull is perfectly polished. Its jaw is a hinged part separate from the rest of the skull. For a long time, he attracted (and probably will continue to do so to a somewhat lesser extent) specialists from various disciplines.
Mention should also be made of the unrelenting attribution of supernatural powers to him by a group of esotericists, such as telekinesis, emitting an unusual scent, and color changes. The existence of all these properties is difficult to prove.
The skull was subjected to various analyzes. One of the unexplained things is that made of quartz glass, and therefore having a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale (a scale of hardness for minerals from 0 to 10), the skull was able to be carved without hard cutting materials such as ruby and diamond.
Studies of the skull, carried out in the 1970s by the American company Hewlett-Packard, determined that in order to achieve such perfection, it would have to be sanded with sand for 300 years.
Could the Maya have deliberately designed this type of work that would have been scheduled for completion in 3 centuries? We can only say with certainty that the Skull of Destiny is not the only one of its kind.
Several of these objects have been found in various places on the planet, and they are created from other materials, similar to quartz. Among them is a whole jadeite skeleton discovered in the region of China / Mongolia, made on a smaller scale than a human, according to estimates of approx. in 3500-2200 BC.
There are doubts about the authenticity of many of these artifacts, but there is something that is undeniable: crystal skulls continue to delight daring scientists.
17. Lycurgus Cup
The Roman Cup, made about 1,600 years ago, could be an example of nanotechnology, experts say. The mysterious Lycurgus Cup, made of dichroic glass, is able to change color from green to red, depending on the light.
The bowl, which is on display at the British Museum in London, used what is now called nanotechnology - the controlled manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular levels. These technologies, according to scientists, can be used in various fields - from diagnosing diseases to detecting bombs at airports.
Scientists managed to unravel the secret of changing the color of the bowl only in 1990, after many years of fruitless attempts. After examining the shards of glass under a microscope, scientists found that the Romans impregnated it with particles of silver and gold, which they crushed into extremely tiny particles - about 50 nanometers in diameter - a thousand times smaller than a crystal of salt.
The precise metal ratios and such meticulous grinding led experts to conclude that the Romans were the pioneers of nanotechnology because they really knew what they were doing.
Archaeologist Ian Freestone of University College London, who has researched the bowl and its unusual optical properties, calls the creation of the goblet "an amazing feat." The cup changes color depending on which side the observer is looking at.
The bowl appears to have been used in exceptional cases for drinking, and experts say its color changed depending on the beverage with which it was filled.
Liu Gang Logan, an engineer and nanotechnology expert at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, said: "The Romans knew how to make and use nanoparticles to create works of art."
Of course, scientists could not examine a one-of-a-kind goblet and fill it with various liquids. Therefore, they were forced to recreate the Lycurgus Cup by applying microscopic particles of gold and silver to the glass. After that, the researchers experimented with different liquids in order to find out how its color would change. A new goblet filled with water, scientists have found, glows blue, and when filled with oil, it glows bright red.
According to the interpretation of some fundamentalists, the Bible tells that God created Adam and Eve several thousand years ago. Science reports that this is just fiction, and that man is several million years old, and civilization is tens of thousands of years old. However, could it be that traditional science is as wrong as the biblical stories? There is a large body of archaeological evidence that the history of life on Earth may not be at all similar to the one that geological and anthropological texts tell us today.
Consider the following surprising finds:
Corrugated spheres
For the past few decades, miners in South Africa have dug up mysterious metal balls. The diameter of these balls of unknown origin is approximately an inch (2.54 cm), and some of them are engraved with three parallel lines running along the axis of the object. Two kinds of balls have been found: one is made of a hard bluish metal with white spots, while the other is empty on the inside and filled with a white spongy substance. Interestingly, the rock in which they were discovered dates back to the Precambrian period and dates back to 2.8 billion years! Who made these spheres and for what remains a mystery.
Artifact Koso
While searching for minerals in the California mountains near Olanch in the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxie, and Mike Micsell found what they thought was a geode - a good addition to their gem store. However, having cut the stone, Mikesell found an object inside that looked like white porcelain. In its center was a shaft of shiny metal. Experts concluded that if it were a geode, it would take about 500,000 years to form, but the object inside was obviously a model of human production.
Further investigation determined that the porcelain was surrounded by a hexagonal body, and X-rays revealed a tiny spring at one end, similar to a spark plug. As you might have guessed, this artifact is surrounded by some kind of contradictions. Some argue that the item was not inside the geode, but was covered with hardened clay.
The find itself has been identified by experts as a 1920s spark plug. Unfortunately, the Koso artifact has been lost and cannot be studied thoroughly. Is there a natural explanation for this phenomenon? Was it found, as the discoverer claimed, inside a geode? If that's true, how could a 1920s spark plug get inside a 500,000-year-old stone?
Strange metal objects
Sixty-five million years ago, humans did not exist, let alone someone who knew how to work with metal. Then how does science explain the semi-oval metal pipes dug in France from the Cretaceous chalk?
In 1885, when a piece of coal was broken, a metal cube was discovered, clearly processed by a craftsman. In 1912, power plant workers broke a large piece of coal, from which an iron pot fell. A nail was found in a sandstone block of the Mesozoic era. There are many more similar anomalies. How can these findings be explained? There are several options:
Reasonable people existed much earlier than we think
-In our history there is no data about other intelligent beings and civilizations that existed on our Earth
“Our dating methods are completely inaccurate, and these rocks, coal and fossils are forming much faster than we think today.
In any case, these examples - and there are many more - should prompt all curious and unbiased scientists to rethink and rethink the history of life on Earth.
Shoe marks on granite
This fossil footprint was discovered in a coal seam in Fisher Canyon, Nevada. It is estimated that this coal is 15 million years old!
And lest you think that this is a fossil of some animal, the shape of which resembles the sole of a modern shoe, examination of the trace under a microscope revealed clearly visible traces of a double seam line around the perimeter of the shape. The footprint is about size 13 and the right side of the heel appears to be more worn out than the left.
How did the imprint of modern footwear 15 million years ago end up on the substance that later became coal? There are several options:
The trail was left recently and coal has not been formed for millions of years (with which science does not agree), or ...
-Fifteen million years ago there were people (or something like people about whom we have no historical data), walking around in shoes, or ...
-Travelers in time went to the past and inadvertently left a trail, or ...
-This is an elaborate prank.
Ancient footprint
Today, such footprints can be seen on any beach or muddy ground. But this footprint - clearly anatomically similar to that of modern humans - is frozen in stone, which is estimated to be about 290 million years old.
The discovery was made in 1987 in New Mexico by paleontologist Jeri MacDonald. He also found footprints of birds and animals, but found it difficult to explain how this modern footprint ended up on the Permian rock, which, according to experts, is 290-248 million years old. According to modern scientific thinking, it was formed long before humans (or even birds and dinosaurs) appeared on this planet.
In a 1992 Smithsonian Magazine article on the find, it was noted that paleontologists call such anomalies “problematica”. In fact, they are big problems for scientists.
This is the white crow theory: all you have to do to prove that not all crows are black is simply to find one white.
Likewise, to challenge modern human history (or perhaps our way of establishing the age of rock strata), we need to find a fossil like this. However, scientists just put them on the back burner, call them “problematica,” and move on with their unyielding convictions because reality is too inconvenient.
Is this science correct?
Ancient springs, screws and metal
They are similar to the items found in the scrap box in any workshop.
Obviously, these artifacts were made by someone. However, this collection of springs, hinges, coils and other metal objects has been found in sedimentary layers that are one hundred thousand years old! Foundries were not very common at the time.
Thousands of these things - some as small as one thousandth of an inch! - were discovered by gold prospectors in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the 1990s. Excavated from 3 to 40 feet deep in the upper Pleistocene layers of earth, these mysterious objects may have been created between 20,000 and 100,000 years ago.
Could they be proof of the existence of a long-lost but advanced civilization?
Metal rod in stone
How can one explain the fact that the stone formed around a mysterious metal rod?
Inside the hard black stone found by the collector of stones Zhillin Wang in the Chinese Mazong mountains, for some unknown reason, there was a metal rod of unknown origin.
The rod has a thread like a screw, which indicates that the item was made, but the fact that it was in the ground long enough for solid rock to form around it means that it must be millions of years old.
There were suggestions that the stone is a meteorite that fell to Earth from space, that is, the artifact may be of alien origin.
It is noteworthy that this is not the only case of the discovery of metal screws in hard rocks; there are many other examples:
In the early 2000s, on the outskirts of Moscow, a strange stone was found, inside which there were two objects similar to screws.
-X-ray of another stone found in Russia found eight screws in it!
Williams Fork
A man named John Williams revealed that he found this artifact while walking in a remote countryside. He was in shorts, and passing through the thickets of bushes looked down to check how much he had scratched his legs. It was then that he noticed a strange stone.
The stone itself is ordinary - despite the fact that some manufactured thing is built into it. Whatever it is, there are three metal prongs sticking out of it, as if it were some kind of fork.
The place where Williams found the artifact, he said, was “at least 25 feet from the nearest road (which was dirty and subtle), and there were no urban areas, industrial complexes, power plants, nuclear power plants, airports, or military operations (about which I wish I knew) ".
The stone consists of natural quartz and feldspar granite, and according to geology, such stones are not formed for decades, which would be required if the anomalous object was made by a modern man. According to Williams' calculations, the stone was about a hundred thousand years old.
Who in those days could have made such an object?
Aluminum artifact from Ayud
This five-pound, eight-inch-long piece of solid, nearly pure aluminum would have been found in Romania in 1974. Workers digging a trench along the Mures River found several bones of a mastodon and this mysterious object that still puzzles scientists.
Obviously made and not naturally occurring, the artifact was sent for analysis, which found it to be 89 percent aluminum with traces of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel and other elements. In this form, aluminum does not exist in nature. It must have been made, but no such aluminum was made until the 1800s.
If the artifact is the same age as the bones of a mastodon, this means that it is at least 11 thousand years old, because it was then that the last representatives of the mastodon died out. Analysis of the oxidized layer covering the artifact determined that it was 300-400 years old - that is, it was created much earlier than the aluminum processing process was invented.
So who made this item? And what was it used for? There are those who immediately suggested the alien origin of the artifact ... however, the facts are still unknown.
It is strange (or maybe not) that the mysterious object was hidden somewhere and today it is not available for public viewing or further research.
Piri Reis Map
This map, rediscovered in a Turkish museum in 1929, is a mystery not only because of its astonishing accuracy, but also because of what it depicts.
Drawn on the skin of a gazelle, the Piri Reis map is the only surviving portion of the larger map. It was compiled in the 1500s, according to the inscription on the map itself, from other maps of the three hundred year. But how is this possible if the map shows:
South America precisely located in relation to Africa
-Western coasts of North Africa and Europe, and the east coast of Brazil
Most striking is the partially visible continent far to the South, where we know Antarctica is located, although it was not discovered until 1820. Even more mysterious is that it is depicted in detail and without ice, although this land mass has been covered with ice for at least six thousand years.
This artifact is also not available for public viewing today.
Petrified hammer
The head and part of the handle of a hammer was found near London, Texas in 1936.
The find was made by Mr. and Mrs. Khan near Red Bay when they noticed a piece of wood sticking out of the stone. In 1947, their son broke a stone, revealing a hammerhead inside.
For archaeologists, this tool presents a challenge: the calcareous rock containing the artifact is estimated to be 110-115 million years old. The wooden handle is petrified like ancient petrified wood, and the hammer head, made of solid iron, is of a comparatively modern type.
The only possible scientific explanation was given by John Cole, a researcher at the National Center for Science Education:
In 1985, the scientist wrote:
“The rock is real, and to anyone unfamiliar with the geological process, it looks impressive. How could a modern artifact get stuck in an Ordovician stone? The answer is that the stone does not belong to the Ordovician period. Minerals in solution can solidify around an object trapped in this solution, dropped into a crevice, or simply left on the ground, if the parent rock (in this case, according to available data, Ordovician) is chemically soluble. "
In other words, the dissolved pieces of rock have solidified around the modern hammer, which may be the hammer of a miner from the 1800s.
And what do you think? A modern hammer ... or the hammer of an ancient civilization?
And the world now and then throws up a lot of strange and mysterious artifacts to scientists and just curious people. Some of them really hide unique stories. Some are almost certainly hoaxes, while others are related to real stories.What real historical artifacts are hiding mysteries that are still unexplained?
Rat King
Several museums around the world contain strange once living exhibits representing the legendary beast of the Middle Ages called the "rat king". This kind of creation occurs when the tails of several rats curl among themselves without the possibility of unraveling. The result is a knot from a pile of rodents, forced to act from now on as a single "creature". The most extraordinary theories claim that in such a group of animals there is a leader who acts as a "head" and directs the movement of the entire rat horde. The monster turns out to be really nightmarish, it presented a special horror for the inhabitants of the Middle Ages who were afraid of the plague from everywhere.
The largest rat kings discovered, made up of 32 now dead rodents, is part of an exhibit at a museum in Altenburg, Germany.
Writing of Easter Island.
Writing of Easter Island. Almost everyone knows about the famous statues of Easter Island, but there are other artifacts associated with this place, the mystery of which has not been solved until now. 24 wooden carved tablets were found that contain a system of symbols. These symbols are called "rongorongo" and are considered to be an ancient proto-written form. To date, they have never been deciphered.
Codex Gigas ("Devil's Bible")
The 13th century manuscript, huge and heavy so much that several people are required to transport it, according to legend, was written by a monk sentenced to death and made a deal with the devil. With the help of the powers of the underworld, the book was created in one night (illustrations were drawn by the devil himself). The handwriting in the book is surprisingly uniform, as if all of the writing had actually been produced in a short period of time. Nevertheless, according to experts, it should have taken at least 5 or even 30 years of continuous work.
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